英语专业写作教案

♦ 3. Make sure to keep the first draft, as more
work will be done on redrafting in this unit.
Some background information
♦ Process of making dumplings : ♦ Step 1 ♦ Step 2 ♦ Step 3
Steps Involved
♦
Step 1 Performers are seen walking across the ring to the music (audience waiting for the first bull to run in from that small wooden door). ♦ Step 2 various performances start (by the assistant bullfighters, the horseriders, those to throw sticks, and the final bullfighter). ♦ Step3 The fighting bulls finally get killed.
♦ Step 4
Roll out dumpling wrappers; if the wrappers are bought, just wrap the mixed meat and vegetable into dumplings one after another. Cook the dumplings in boiling water before eating them.
Part I warm-up activities
♦ 1. Talk about what housework you prefer to
do and how you do it.
♦ 2. Write down one or two paragraphs on the
basis of the group discussion.
summary
♦
This pattern of organization is called process writing. In this pattern, you may illustrate the process of doing something in detail from beginning to end. And the description of these details has to follow the order of the actual steps.
description. It informs us of a series of steps British housewives usually take in preparing cookies. These steps involve preparations, specific steps, and the final result of chocolate cookie making. All these steps are described according to the actual order of doing the work.
♦
Step4 The bullfighter receives applause and awards, or abuse, cushions or other things. ♦ Step5 : The ring placimilarities and some slight differences between
are often used to ensure a smooth flow from one step to the next. ♦ However, Sample 2 is not as completely a description of a process as Sample 1 in that sentences of explanation or classification are added here and there to further clarify the procedure. This is, in fact, more typical of process writing.
the organizational patterns of Sample 1 and Sample 2. ♦ Sample 2 follows a similar pattern of organization to Sample 1 in the way it describes the
process from beginning to end.
♦ PART II
PROCESS ANALYSIS
♦Organizational Structure
Sample 1
♦
British housewives often make chocolate chip cookies themselves for their afternoon tea. To make such cookies, however, is a quite complicated task. Here is the recipe for such cookies to be made. Several things, like flour, water, sugar, salt, eggs, and chocolate, need to be prepared before the whole process starts. First, two cups of flour and a tea spoon of baking soda are mixed together with water. Then add a tea spoon of salt before you put together a cup of butter and a cup of sugar in a separate bowl. After this, two eggs can be added to the mixture. Now all the ingredients can be combined into a large bowl, and you slowly mix in a cup of chocolate chips and a cup of nuts. When all this is done, little cookies can be formed from the mixture and then placed onto a cookie sheet. Finally, bake the stuff for 8 minutes at 375 degrees Fahrenheit.
Linking Devices
♦ Sample ♦ Read the following two paragraphs and
answer the questions.
Paragraph A
♦
Christmas is drawing near, and I prepare buying cards. Money is the question for a high school student like me. Counting the money in my pocket, I ask myself the same question again and again: “How many cards can I buy and shall I buy?” And I start hunting from shop to shop. Faced with a great number of colorful cards, I feel puzzled by questions: “Which cards shall I buy?” “Will he or she like the card?” and “Is the card suitable for him or her?” … It’s often hard work both to make myself satisfied and to please my friends. When I decide on something, however, it should be neither too expensive nor too bad. My money and time go away with the coming of Christmas. Cards do help to express my warm wishes and truthful blessings to all my friends.
Unit 4
Customs
Unit objectives
♦ Have a better understanding of the features
and organizational types of process analysis in paragraph writing. ♦ Become familiar with the relevant linking devices in process analysis. ♦ Be able to write paragraphs of process analysis according to the instructions given.
♦ 3. On the whole, it follows the same
order of description as Sample 1, starting from the preliminary to the last step. But there can be two points of difference from Sample 1: ♦ a) there is no obvious description about the final outcome at the beginning or end, and ♦ b) some sentences of explanation, classification or information are added to further clarify certain procedures.