《英美报刊选读》答案
英美报刊选读passage13thedeclineofneatness（含翻译）
英美报刊选读passage13thedeclineofneatness（含翻译）The Decline of Neatness行为标准的蜕化By Norman Cou s insAnyone with a passion for hanging labels on people or things should have little difficulty in recognizing that an apt tag for our time is the “Unkempt Generation”. 任何一个喜欢给别人或事物贴标签的人应该不难发现我们这个时代合适的标签是“邋遢的一代”。
I am not referring solely to college kids. The sloppiness virus has spread to all sectors of society," People go to all sorts of trouble and expense to look uncombed, unshaved. unpressed.3 我说这话不仅仅是针对大学生。
邋遢这种病毒已经蔓延到社会各个部分。
人们刻意呈现一幅蓬头散发、边幅不修、衣着不整的形象。
The symbol of the times is blue jeans—not just blue jeans in good condition but jeans that are frayed, torn, discolored. They don't get that way naturally. No one wants blue jeans that are crisply clean or spanking new. 如今时代潮流的象征是穿蓝色牛仔裤--不是完好的牛仔裤，而是打磨过的，撕裂开的，和褪色了的牛仔裤。
英美报刊选读.pdf
单选题1.According to the media,Jordan_________.A.was too old to compete against younger players.B.was in a bad condition.C.was still able to scoreD.was still able to play dunks.答案:D2.avant-gardeA.relating to,or being part of an innovative groupB.a teenagerC.violence attack答案:A3.Which organization announced an emergency meeting to be held in Geneva this week?A.WTOB.WHOOD.EU答案:B4.suffuse.A.to spread through or overB.to kill sbC.to buy a great loaf of答案:A5.Why must local government keep his or her doors to every visitor?A.Economic development depends on it.B.The central government forces them to do that.C.In order to let more people enjoy the beauty of the sites.D.They are friendly and hospitable.答案:A6.______is one of the few areas where Israeli Jews and Arabs live in relative harmony.A.HaifaB.RamallahC.TulkarmD.Tel Aviv答案:A7.How many nations does the commonwealth have?A.54B.53C.48D.1答案:B8.deteriorateA.become worse in quality or conditionB.destroyC.well wealthy答案:A9.decrepit.A.to kill sb at timesB.worn out,impairedC.to set fire on答案:B10.What’s the CIA’s opinion on dealing with Iraq?A.remodel the successful war strategy in AfghanistanB.advocate a coup or destabilization to topple SaddamC.run a war in IraqD.others答案:B11._______is a distinct advantage if you want a career at what passes for the American establishment.A.gilt-edged diplomaB.wealthy familyC.AbilityD.Alumni connection答案:A12.H.M.O.A.家长会B.环保总局C.保健组织答案:C13.The key question in evaluating a college is_________.A.the number of studentsB.the alumniC.the location of the collegeD.how well it teaches its students.答案:D14.spurA.carry out a particular taskB.intriguingC.incite,stimulate答案:C15.tackleA.to try to deal with a difficult problemB.meet troubleC.make a hole答案:A16.What did not the workers do in the run up to the last October’s celebration?A.They finished a network of expressways and ramps crisscrossing the city.B.They built a huge airport in nearby Pudong.C.They built a large-sized shopping mall in the center of city.D.They built a cross-river tunnels linking Shanghai to Pudong.答案:C17.Richard Nixon thinks that the cooperation between the East and the West will be______.A.possibleB.impossibleC.unknown答案:A18.alluringA.get rid ofB.attractive or desirableC.never give up答案:B19.school-boardA.学校教工大会B.学校董事会C.学校组织D.学校大会答案:B20.wrack.A.keep sth from being hurtB.destroy or ruinC.help without any hesitation答案:B21.The1996law created the Temporary Assistant For Needy Families,which slapped a___lifetime on an individual’s right to collect benefits.A.ten-yearB.twelve-yearC.five-yearD.twenty-year答案:C22.-----is a member of the minority who do have problems during menopause.A.Sonja MckinlayB.JamisonC.Ravenna HelsonD.Carol Ryff答案:B23.maritalA.of or relating to marriageB.wife or husbandC.to save答案:A24.desperately.A.luckilyB.to give little hope of successC.hately答案:B25.______took responsibility for the attack in Haifa?A.An Islamic groupB.Several Palestinian soldiersC.Several Palestinian civiliansD.None答案:A26.rekindle.A.to relight(a fire)B.to put out fireC.to set fire on答案:A27.Moriarty is-----now.A.a workerB.a reporterC.an athleteD.a designer答案:D28.A200-point increase in the average SAT score of the college attended resulted in_____greater earnings for students from families in the lowest fifth of income distribution.A.5%B.6%C.7%D.8%答案:C29.alluring.A.Never say goodbye to somebodyB.attractive or desirableC.interesting30.gratifyA.please or satisfyB.discourageC.supremacy答案:A31.In the content of this lesson,among the drugs,_____can easily cause coma and deathA.MDMAB.LSDC.GHBD.heroin答案:C32.The NRA’s power depends on the relatively few close elections that often determine who controls____.A.PresidentB.Supreme CourtC.CongressD.jury答案:C33.grottoe.A.houseB.caveC.cottage答案:B34.Tejano music is dynamite in----but not in California,whose technobanda music does not sell elsewhere.B.New JerseyC.GeorgiaD.Wisconsin答案:A35.incentiveA.induce action or motivate effortB.hard workC.to devote one‘s heart to sb.答案:A36.The attitude of the author revealed in the article named “Exploding Tourism Eroding China’s Riches”is__A.nostalgiaB.criticalC.pessimisticD.optimistic答案:B37.Since1996,the number of people collecting food stamps has sunk by one-third,to___million.A.3B.17C.22D.20答案:B38.collaborationA.to express sorrow or regretB.working together,especially in a joint intellectual effortC.future generation答案:B39.consternation.A.a feeling of shock or worryB.a feeling of happiness and blessnessC.always wanting to fight答案:A40.brunt.A.the main impact or forceB.help sbC.never refuse others答案:A41.suffuseA.to spread through or overB.to kill sbC.to buy a great loaf of答案:A42.jutA.little potB.carefulC.extend beyond the limits of the main body,project答案:C43.Who was awarded the Order of Australia,the country’s highest civil medal of honor?A.CathyB.MoriartyC.Ros答案:B44.prudentA.careful,circumspectB.surprising or astoundingC.of two races答案:A45.The United States says large-scale direct military action may be required only in______.A.IraqB.Iraq and SomaliaC.SomaliaD.none答案:B46.In1981,6-8–year-olds averaged______minutes of homework per week.A.45B.50C.44D.60答案:C47.assumeA.of two racesB.supposeC.of other Spanish-speaking countries答案:B48.upheavalA.a sudden,violent disruption or upsetB.rucksackC.intensively答案:A49.backpack.A.dispute,argumentB.rucksackC.carry out a particular task答案:B50.emphaticallyA.intensivelyB.careful,circumspectC.condemn openly as being evil or reprehensible答案:A51.inboundA.to execute an inbounds passB.to have a tripC.lousy答案:A判断题1.Hug drug is good for people’s healthA.错误B.正确答案:A2.Most of the crimes are not concerned with young peopleA.错误B.正确答案:A3.To build a highway is to bring visitors convenience and safety.A.错误B.正确答案:B4.U.S.estimates the Taliban now controls the whole country of Afghanistan.A.错误B.正确答案:A5.The Taliban began as a group of seminary students.A.错误B.正确答案:B6.China spends the least money on cultural conservation.A.错误B.正确答案:B7.The troubles with gangs are not so seriousA.错误B.正确答案:A8.The Scots and the Welsh worry a lot about those Japanese companies.A.错误B.正确答案:A9.Hug drug is good for people’s healthA.错误B.正确答案:A10.Economic development depends on that local government must keep his or her doors to every visitor.A.错误B.正确答案:B11.In Britain the monarch remains very much at the heart of its Constitution.A.错误B.正确答案:B12.Campus romance is unrequited because women on campus do not expect a marriage.A.错误B.正确答案:A13.Nixon thinks that the cooperation between the East and the West is impossible.A.错误B.正确答案:A14.Nixon still believes that Communist party will be the enemy of the United States forever.A.错误B.正确答案:B15.1221is located at1221Yan’an Xi Road.A.错误B.正确答案:B16.John Kundereri Moriarty,living happily in an aboriginal tribal community in northern Australia,was transported south through Alice Springs.A.错误B.正确答案:B17.Economic development depends on that local government must keep his or her doors to every visitor.A.错误B.正确答案:B18.An unprecedented chance for Gypsies is to be recognized as a nation,albeit one without a defined territory.A.错误B.正确答案:B19.While low-wage jobs are the early magnet for many,there is also evidence of upward mobility.A.错误B.正确答案:B20.An entrepreneurial is someone who starts or organizes a commercial enterpriseA.错误B.正确答案:B21.“Soothe”means to make someone uncomfortableA.错误B.正确答案:A22.The old rule for a polite conversation is:Never mention the topic of sex,religion and politics.A.错误B.正确答案:B23.Hikers don’t like to walking a long way and climbing hills on foot.A.错误B.正确答案:A24.An irritable person is someone of mild temper.A.错误B.正确答案:A25.Nixon thinks that the cooperation between the East and the West is impossible.B.正确答案:A26.Nixon thinks that the cooperation between the East and the West is impossible.A.错误B.正确答案:A27.An irritable person is someone of mild temper.A.错误B.正确答案:A28.College officials should be blamed for the cheating in college rankings.A.错误B.正确答案:B29.The author believes that the rankings have become an unhealthy force in highereducation.A.错误B.正确答案:B30.Poverty rates among Hispanics remain lowA.错误B.正确31.Krueger and Dale concluded that smart,talented kids who attended less selective schools didn’t do just as well in their careers as their counterparts at elite colleges.A.错误B.正确答案:A。
2023年自考专业(英语)《英美文学选读》考试历年真题摘选附带答案
2023年自考专业(英语)《英美文学选读》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】The childhood of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in the Mississippi is a record of a vanished way of life in the( )Mississippi valleyA.pre - War of IndependenceB.post - War of IndependenceC.pre - Civil WarD.post - Civil War2.【单选题】( )is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th —century “stream— of —consciousness ” novels and the founder of psychological realism.A.Theodore DreiserB.William FaulknerC.Henry JamesD.Mark Twain3.【单选题】William Faulkner set most of his works in the American( ),with his emphasis on the( )subjects and consciousness.A.North...NorthernB.East...EasternC.West...WesternD.South...Southern4.【单选题】Among the following writers( )is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th - century “stream - of - consciousness ” novels and the founder of psychological realism.A. T. S. EliotB.James JoyceC.William FaulknerD.Henry James5.【单选题】In 1950,one of the leading American writers( )was awarded the Nobel Prize for the anti-racist Intruder in the Dust.A.Robert FrostB.Theodore DreiserC.William FaulknerD.Fitzgerald6.【单选题】The attitude towards life that( )had been trying to demonstrate in his works is known as “grace under pressure ”.A.William FaulknerB.Theodore DreiserC.Ernest HemingwayD.F·Scott Fitzgerald7.【单选题】The Portrait of A Lady is generally considered to be( )masterpiece,which describes the life journey of an American( )in a European cultural environment.A.Henry Adams’…widowB.William James ’…girlC.Henry James’…girlD.Theodore Dreiser ’s…widow8.【单选题】“My last Duchess ” is a poem that best exemplifies Robert Browning ’s( ).A.sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB.excellent choice of wordsC.mastering of the metrical devicese of the dramatic monologue9.【单选题】Most literary critics think that Fitzgerald is both an insider and an outsider of( )with a double vision.A.the Jazz AgeB.the Age of Reason and RevolutionC.the Babybooming AgeD.the Post- Modern Age10.【单选题】Robert Frost is generally considered a regional poet whose subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in( ).A.the westB.the southC.AlaskaD.New England11.【单选题】Ezra Pound,a leading spokesman of the “( ) ”,was one of the most important poets in his time.A.Imagist MovementB.Cubist MovementC.Reformist MovementD.Transcendentalist Movement12.【单选题】What he had done is _______A.valueB.of valuableC.of no valueD.of no valuable13.【单选题】That is the house _______ you can enjoy the scenery.A. in thatB.thatC.whichD.from which14.【单选题】In the original test，all the animals in a test group are given a substance _______ half of them dieA.unlessB.untilC.lestD.provided15.【单选题】“The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one- eighth of it being above water. ” This “iceberg ” analogy is put forward by( ).A.Mark TwainB.Ezra PoundC.William FaulknerD.Ernest Hemingway16.【单选题】The Financier,The Titan and The Stoic by Theodore Dreiser are called his “Trilogy of( ). ”A.HatredB.DeathC.DesireD.Fate17.【单选题】“The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one -eighth of it being abov e water. ” This “iceberg ” analogy about prose style was put forward by( ).A.William FaulknerB.Henry JamesC.Ernest HemingwayD.F· Scott Fitzgerald18.【单选题】William Faulkner once said that( )is a story of “lost innocence, ” which proves itself to be an intensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.A.The Great GatsbyB.The Sound and the FuryC.Absalom,Absalom!D.Go Down,Moses19.【单选题】The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and,especially,its sequence( )proved themselves to be the milestone in the American literature.A.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB.Life on the MississippiC.The Gilded AgeD.Roughing It20.【单选题】The teacher told us the fact _______.A.which the earth moves around the sunB.that the earth moved around the sunC.that the sun moves around the earthD.that the earth moves around the sun第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】The( )Age of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby.A.LostB.JazzC.ReasonD.Gilded2.【单选题】Some persons gain goal and direction from their tensions;others________ under pressure.A.fall outB.fall apartC.fall back onD.fall in with3.【单选题】Greatly and permanently affected by the( )experiences,Hemingway formed his own writing style,together with his theme and hero.A.miningB.farmingC.warD.sailing4.【单选题】Opposition leaders will be watching carefully to see how the Prime Minister ________ the crisis.A.handlesB.conductsC.observesD.directs5.【单选题】In Go Down,Moses,( )illuminates the problem of black and white in Southern society as a closeknit destiny of blood brotherhood.A.William FaulknerB.Jack LondonC.Herman MelvilleD.Nathaniel Hawthorne6.【单选题】In most of his writings,( )deliberately broke up the chronology of his narrative by juxtaposing the past with the present,in the way the montage does in a movie.A.Walt WhitmanB.William FaulknerC.Ernest HemingwayD. Fitzgerald7.【单选题】The effect of Darwinist idea of “survival of the fittest ” was shattering in() ’s fictional world of jungle,where “kill or to be killed ” was the law.A.Mark TwainB.Henry JamesC.Theodore DreiserD.Walt Whitman8.【单选题】In 1950,( )was awarded the Nobel Prize for the anti-racist Intruder in the Dust.A.William FaulknerB.Robert FrostC.Ezra PoundD.Ernest Hemingway9.【单选题】Eugene O’Neill ’s first full — length play,( ),won him the first Pulitzer theme is the choice between life and death,the interaction of subjective and objective factors.A.Bound East for CardiffB.The Hairy ApeC.Desire Under the ElmsD.Beyond the Horizon10.【单选题】Now many major employers are beginning to demand _______ the completion of schoolA.more thanB.rather thanC.other thanD.better than11.【单选题】It was his masterpiece The Great Gatsby that made( )one of the greatest American novelists.A. FitzgeraldB.William FaulknerC.Ernest HemmingwayD.Gertrude Steinbeck12.【单选题】Man is a “victim of forces over which he has no control. ” This is a notion held strongly by( ).A.Robert FrostB.Theodore DreiserC.Henry JamesD.Hamlin Garland13.【单选题】Mark Twain’s particular concern about the local character of a region came about as “local colorism, ” a unique va riation of American literary( ).A.romanticismB.nationalismC.modernismD.realism14.【单选题】Nobody but you _______ what he said.A. agrees withB.agrees outC.agree withD.agree to15.【单选题】In 1920,( )published his first novel This Side of Paradise which was,to some extent,his own story.A.F·Scott FitzgeraldB.Ernest HemingwayC.William FaulknerD.Emily Dickinson16.【单选题】considered( ) “the true father of our national literature ”.A.Bret HarteB.Mark TwainC.Washington IrvingD.Walt Whitman17.【单选题】At the age of eighty -seven,( )read his poetry at the inauguration of President John in 1961.A.Robert FrostB.Walt WhitmanC.Ezra Pound18.【单选题】Unlike his contemporaries in the early 20th century,( )did not break up with the poetic tradition nor made any experiment on form.A.Walt WhitmanB.Robert FrostC.Ezra Pound19.【单选题】Which of the following statements is NOT true of Emily Dickinson and her poetry?A.She remained unmarried all her lifeB.She wrote,1,775 poems,and most of them were published during her life time.C.Her poems have no titles,hence are always quoted by their first lines.D.Her limited private world has never confined the limitless power of her creativity and imagination.20.【单选题】Mark Twain employed an unpretentious style of( )in his novels which is best described as “vernacular ”.A.standard EnglishB.Afro-American EnglishC.colloquialismD.urbanism第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：C本题解析：马克吐温是以为地方主义作家，他的作品主题是密西西比河流域和美国的西部。
《英美报刊选读》答案
《英美报刊选读》答案《英美报刊选读》一、教学目的通过本课程的学习，使学员对英美报刊有一个清晰的了解，认识英美报刊语言、文体、词汇、语法等基本特点，掌握英美报刊阅读的基本知识及技巧，为独立阅读英美报刊打下良好的基础。
二、教材特点与该课程旧教材（第1版）相比，本教材具有以下特点：1．为使学生改变以往依赖教师和英汉词典的学习习惯，培养他们独自排解疑难词语的能力，编者不但向他们推荐工具书，并教授他们使用方法；为使他们能加深对词汇的记忆，还介绍词法和重要词根及词缀。
2．为使学生掌握必要的新闻词语和扩大词汇量，本书在“新闻词语解说”中尽量结合课文，讲透疑难词语。
此外还列出一些与这些词语或课文内容有关的课外词汇。
3．为使学生掌握必要的读报知识，本书在“背景知识”中尽量结合课文，介绍重要的并时常见诸报端的人物、党派和组织机构等，并举例说明其重要性。
答每课后的练习题——Questions,使他们基本了解课文的主要内容。
然后，再逐段或跳跃式选段对学生需要掌握的内容、新闻词语和背景知识进行阅读和问答式方式讲解。
如果备课充分，学生的英语水平又高，教员可采用美英教员教授母语的方法，抛开课本或讲义，只讲有关课文的重点词语、背景知识和写作手法等。
这样，学生除预习外，课后还要结合教员在课堂上所讲的内容好好复习课文。
这两种授课方式的好处是，使学生通过自学（指预习）和教师的指导，自己主动去掌握知识。
与以教员为中心的灌输式教学方式相比，学生更能巩固所学，并使他们今后更能发挥学习潜能。
此外，这也使有的教员摆脱了那种课文注释那么详细而觉得在课堂上没有多少可讲的被动地位和局面。
当然，这只是本人的实践和看法。
我相信在调动学生主动学习的积极性方面还有更多、更好的教学法。
五.考试说明“英美报刊选读”期末考试题型介绍1．报刊名称及常见报刊词汇英译汉：十小题，每题2分，共20分内容以辅导书的附录为主. 2．阅读理解：2篇文章，选自作业题，选择题或判断题，共40分。
英美报刊课后问答题部分答案
Lesson two:1.Why did some of the HBS grads choose to come back to China although they hadreceived lucrative offers from America's top companies?Answer: Not only has China changed dramatically since most of them left but also the nation can offer more personal freedom and economic opportunities now than ever before.Lesson four1.What activities are harming ancient Buddhist grottoes?Answer: Too many tourists and their breathing are harming them．Lesson seven:The same traits．．．an elite education尽管这些学生没有选择名牌大学，当他们去参加工时，使他们具有耶鲁大学的理想人选的那些品质——抱负、聪明、智慧—也同时被带到那里，使得他们享受应有的高薪，而且与那些选择了名牌大学的学生相比，他们得到的薪水并不低。
2.Are all state-run universities less competitive than private universities? Please give examples.Answer:No. Some state-run universities are more competitive than some private universities, such as the University of Michigan, Ohio's Miami University and the University of North Carolina4.For students from poor backgrounds, does it affect their future earning to choose an elite university? Why?Answer: Yes. That's because at an elite university he will have better access to the network with affluent students and alumni, and this will influence their future job hunting.Lesson NineThe simple act of voting was ... and voter outreach. (Par. 26）---美国历史上持续时间最长、花钱最多的一次总统选举以投票这种简单的方式结束了，但是他从根本上改变了美国政治的交流策略，也使参与投票的选民人数大大增加。
英美报刊选读模拟卷
《英美报刊选读》模拟卷考试形式：闭卷考试时间：90分钟I. Translate the following terms into Chinese.( 30×1´= 30´)1．Blue Berets poll3. same-sex marriage 4．discount store5. property tax7. elevated highways superhighway9. cellular phone 10. talk showII. Translate the following sentences. ( 5×6´= 30´)long as people feel embarrassed, restrained or openly criticized for using a particular language, it’s only n atural for them to want to avoid continuing to do what’s causing a negative response, whether it’s something overt like having your mouth washed out or more subtle like discrimination.the United States and Australia in past decades, the government forced native peoples to abandon their languages through vehicles such as boarding schools that punished youth for speaking a traditional tongue.the time of last week’s election, she had won over all but the most partisan of critics.messaging is being used effectively by two colleges in West Yorkshire as a way of communicating with students. As well as sending them reminders about lessons and dealines, the phones are being used for learning games and revision exercises.meeting certainly produced more than the usual photo ops and spin– and its participants did not go away yelling at one another as they have in the past. VIII. Reading Comprehension ( 20×2´=40´)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage one: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race PrejudiceIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appearto be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence –as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we mus t learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ‘Talk, talk, talk,’ the advocates of violence say, ‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’ It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painsta kingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. ‘Possible, my lord,’ the barrister replied, ‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1. What is the best title for this passageA) Advocating Violence.B) Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C) Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D) The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.2. Recorded history has taught us ___________A) violence never solves anything. B) nothing.C) the bloodshed means nothing. D) everything.3. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men _____________A) can’t get a hearing. B) are looked down upon.C) are persecuted. D) Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.4. “He was none the wiser” means ________________A) he was not at all wise in listening.B) He was not at all wiser than nothing before.C) He gains nothing after listening.D) He makes no sense of the argument.5. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is _____________A) law enforcement. B) knowledge.C) nonviolence. D) Mopping up the violent mess.Passage two: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.THE elephants of Thailand used never to be short of work hauling timber. But most of the country's forests have been cut down, and logging is now banned to save the few that are left. The number of domesticated elephants left in the country is nowonly 2,500 or so, down from about 100,000 a century ago. Though being the national animal of Thailand earns an elephant plenty of respect, this does not put grass on the table. Thai elephants these days take tourists on treks or perform in circuses, and are sometimes to be seen begging for bananas on the streets of Bangkok.Some of the 46 elephants living at the Thai Elephant Conservation Centre, a former government logging camp near Lampang, have found a new life in music. The Thai Elephant Orchestra is the creation of two Americans, Richard Lair, who has worked with Asian elephants for 23 years, and David Soldier, a musician and neuroscientist with a taste for the avant-garde. They provided six of the center’s elephants, aged seven to 18, with a variety of percussion and wind instruments. Those familiar with Thai instruments will recognize the slit drums, the gong, the bow bass, the xylophone-like rants, as well as the thunder sheet. The only difference is that the elephant versions are a bit sturdier.The elephants are given a cue to start and then they improvise. They clearly have a strong sense of rhythm. They flap their ears to the beat, swish their tails and generally rock back and forth. Some add to the melody with their own trumpeting. Elephant mood-music could have a commercial future, Mr. Soldier believes. He has even produced a CD on the Mulatta label-it is available at 13elephant tracks. It is real elephant music, he says, with only the human noises removed by sound engineers. But is it music Bob Halliday, music critic of the Bangkok Post, says it is. He commends the elephants for being "so communicative". Anyone not knowing that it was elephant music, he says, would assume that humans were playing.Some of the elephants in the band have also tried their hand at painting, tending to favor the abstract over the representational style. Their broad-stroke acrylic paintings last year helped raise some $25,000 at a charity auction at Christie's in New York, and a London gallery has also taken some of their work. These art sales, together with profits from the CD, are helping to keep the centre going. A second CD is on the way. It will be less classical, more pop.1. The elephants of Thailand now are short of the work they used to do because _____________A) they are trained to take tourists on trek.B) they are trained to play music.C) the forest-cutting is illegalD) there is not enough timber for them to haul.2. The author’s attitude towards these elephants is _______________.A) astonished B) indescribable C) supportive D) appreciative3. The two American created the Orchestra in order to ___________A) earn money B) protect elephantsC) enjoy themselves D) none of the above4. “trumpet” in the 3rd paragraph refers to ____________A) jump B) shriek C) move D) shake5. The elephants do not make money from ___________A) getting charity from visitors B) selling their paintingsC) selling their own CDs D) all their entertainment workPassage three: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Federal Reserve System, central banking system of the United States, popularly called the Fed. A central bank serves as the banker to both the banking community and the government; it also issues the national currency, conducts monetary policy, and plays a major role in supervision and regulation of banks and bank holding companies. In the . these functions are the responsibilities of key officials of the Federal Reserve System: the Board of Governors, located in Washington, ., and the top officers of the 12 district Federal Reserve banks, located throughout the nation. The Fed’s actions, described below, generally have a significant effect on the . interest rates and, subsequently, on stock, bond, and other financial markets.The Federal Reserve’s basic powers are concentrated in the Board of Governors, which is paramount in all policy issues concerning bank regulation and supervision and in most aspects of monetary control. The board enunciates the Fed’s policies on both monetary and banking matters. Because the board is not an operating agency, most of the day-to-day implementation of policies decisions is left to the district Federal Reserve banks, stock in which is owned by the commercial banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. Ownership in this instance, however, does not imply control the Board of Governors and the heads of the Reserve banks orient their policies to the public interest rather than to the benefit of the private banking system.The . banking system’s regulatory apparatus is complex; the authority of the Federal Reserve is shared in some instances for example, in mergers or the examination of banks with other federal agencies such as the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Cooperation (FDIC). In the critical area of regulating the nation’s money supply in accordance with national economic goals, however, the Federal Reserve is independent within the government. Income and expenditures of the Federal Reserve banks and of the Board of Governors are not subject to the congressional appropriation process; the Federal Reserve is subject to the congressional appropriation process; the Federal Reserve is self-financing. Its income ($ billion in 1992) comes mainly from Reserve bank holdings of income-earning securities, primarily those of the . government. Outlays ($ billion in 1992) are mostly for operational expenses in providing services to the government and for expenditures connected with regulation and monetary policy. In 1992 the Federal Reserve returned $ billion in earnings to the . Treasury.Fed of the United States____.A) functions as China BankB) is the counterpart of People’s Bank of ChinaC) is subject to the banking community and governmentD) has 13 top officers who can influence the American financial marketfact that stock in the Fed belongs to commercial banks____.A) doesn’t mean the latter is in controlB) means the latter is in cC) means the latter is subjected to the Reserve banksD) means the Rese rve banks orient the latter’s policiesof the following statements is NOT true according to the passageA) The Fed is a very big, complex and significant system which comprises many local banks.B) All the commercial banks are not the components of Federal Reserve System.C) Board of Governors is the supreme policy-makers of Federal Reserve System.D) District Reserve banks rather than Board of Governors perform the day to day policies.4. The authority of the Federal Reserve____.A) has to be shared with other establishmentsisB) is exclusive at other timesC) isn’t limited by comptroller of the Currency and FDICD) is limited by Board of Governors5. Income of the Board of Governors____.A) is borrowed from the . TreasuryB) is used by the government to make various policiesC) comes from the . TreasuryD) is not granted by the governmentPassage four: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to angerPsychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.1. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to __________A) curious B) unhappyC) thoughtful D) uncertain2. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to ____________A) differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial expression from other meanings of itB) support Darwin's theory of evolutionC) provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understoodD) contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions3. The word concur in the passage is closest in meaning to ____________A) estimate B) agreeC) expect D) understand4. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people of New GuineaA) They did not want to be shown photographs.B) They were famous for their story-telling skills.C) They knew very little about Western culture.D) They did not encourage the expression of emotions.5. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressedA) They would become less intense.B) They would last longer than usual.C) They would cause problems later.D) They would become more negative.英美报刊选读A卷答案I. Translate the following terms into Chinese.( 30×1´= 30´)1. 蓝色贝雷帽（联合国维持和平部队）2.民意调查3. 同性恋者婚姻4．折扣店 5.财产税 6.不可雇佣的人 7.高架铁路8信息高速公路 9. 移动电话 10.访谈节目II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. ( 5×6´= 30´)1．只要是因为使用某种特定的语言让人们感觉到尴尬，拘谨或者公然遭到谴责，那他们很自然地就想要避免继续做正在导致负面反应的事情，不管是像让你讲话变得文明这样公开的还是像歧视这样更为具体的事情。
《英美文学选读》习题与答案
《英美文学选读》（课程代码：00604）I.The following passage is an extract from Letter to Lord Chesterfield by Samuel Johnson, the leading figure of British neoclassicists. In 1747, when Samuel Johnson, began his Dictionary of the English language, Lord Chesterfield had at first indicated that he could be his patron, but when Johnson came to him for concrete help, Lord Chesterfield neglected him to the point of ignoring him; Johnson was insulted and furious. In 1775 when the Dictionary was published and acclaimed, Chesterfield openly recommended, hoping to get some credit for it as Johnson’s patron. Samuel Johnson wrote as reply his famous Letter to Lord Chesterfield in which he vented his feeling of hurt pride. Read it carefully, paying special attention to the rhetorical devices used, and answer the question. (20 points)①Is not patron, my lord, one who looked with unconcernupon man struggling for a life in the water, and when he hadreached to the safety of ground, encumbered him with help?②The notice you have taken of my Labour, had it beenearly, had been kind, but it had been delayed till I amindifferent, and can’t enjoy it; till I am solitary, and can’timpart it; till I am known, and do not want it. ③I hope thatit is no very asperity not to confess obligation where nobenefit have been received, or to be unwilling that thePublic should consider me as owing that to a patron, whichProvidence had enabled me to do for myself.Question:⑴what syntactic devices the author used in sentence ? And whatare their stylistic functions? (10 points)⑵point out the figure of speech used in sentences①and ③. (10 points)II. The following critical paper is about George Bernard Shaw’s famous drama “Pygmalion”. Read it carefully and answer the questions set on it. (20 points) 1 What we discover in Pygmalion is that phonetics and correct pronunciation are systems of markers superficial in themselves but endowed with tremendous social significance. Eliza's education in the ways that the English upper classes act and speak provides an opportunity for the playwright to explore the very foundations of social equality and inequality. Higgins himself observes that pronunciation is the deepest gulf that separates class from class and soul from soul. Playwright and character differ, however, in that instead of criticizing the existence of this gulf, Higgins accepts it as natural and uses his skills to help those who can afford his services (or are taken in as experiments, like Liza) to bridge it.2“At Mrs. Higgins's ““At Home reception,” Liza is fundamentally the same person she was in Act I, although she differs in what we learnto appreciate as superficialities of social disguise (according to Mugglestone): details of speech and cleanliness. Act III of Pygmalion highlights the importance of Liza's double transformation, by showing her suspended between the play's beginning and its conclusion. In modern society, however, as Shaw illustrates, it is precisely these superficial details which tend to be endowed with most significance. Certainly the Eynsford Hills view such details as significant, as Liza's entrance produces for them what Shaw's stage directions call “an impression of ... remarkable distinction and beauty.”3 Ironically, however, Liza's true transformation is yet to occur. She experiences a much more fundamental change in her consciousness when she realizes that Higgins has more or less abandoned her at the conclusion of his experiment.At first, Liza experiences a sense of anxiety over not belonging anywhere: she can hardly returnto flower peddling, yet she lacks the financial means to makeher new, outward identity a social reality. “What am I fit for?”She demands of Higgins. “What have you left me fit for? Wheream I to go? What am I to do? What's to become of me?” Berst wrote that while Pickering is generous, Eliza is shoved intothe wings by Higgins. The dream has been fulfilled, midnighthas tolled for Cinderella, and morning reality is at hand. Lizamust break away from Higgins when he shows himself incapableof recognizing her needs. This response of Higgins is well withinhis character as it has been portrayed in the play. Indeed, fromhis first exposure to Liza, Higgins denied Liza any social oreven individual worth. Calling Liza a squashed cabbage leaf, Higgins states that a woman who utters such depressing anddisgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere no right to live. Question 1: Explain what is Liza’s Double Transformation?(10 points)Question 2: What makes Liza feel she is in an embarrassing situation when she is transformed into a lady in speechand appearance? (10 points)III.The following critical essay is about Thomas Hardy’s most well-known tragic novel “Tess of d’Urbervilles”. Peruse it and then answer the questions set on it (30 points)The social background of Tess of d’Urbervilles was in a time of difficult social upheaval, when England was making its slow, painful transition from an old-fashioned, agricultural nation to amodern, industrial one. Businessmen and entrepreneurs, or “new money,” joined the ranks of the social elite, as some families of the ancient aristocracy, or “old money,” faded into obscurit y. Tess’s family in Tess of the d’Urbervilles illustrates this change, as Tess’s parents, the Durbeyfields, lose themselves in the fantasy of belonging to an ancient and aristocratic family, the d’Urbervilles.Hardy’s novel strongly suggests that such a f amily history is not only meaningless but also utterly undesirable. Hardy’s views on the subject were appalling to conservative and status-conscious British readers and Tess of the d’Urberville s was met in England with widespread controversy. Beyond her social symbolism, Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent biblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves.Angel represents a rebellious striving toward a personal vision of goodness A freethinking son born into the family of a provincial parson and determined to set himself up as a farmer instead of going to Cambridge like his conformist brothers,. He is a secularist who yearns to work for the “honor and glory of man,” as he tells his father in Chapter XVIII, rather than for the honor and glory of God in a more distant world. A typical young nineteenth-century progressive, Angel sees human society as a thing to be remolded and improved, and he fervently believes in the nobility of man. He rejects the values handed to him, and sets off in search of his own. His love for Tess, a mere milkmaid and his social inferior, is one expression of his disdain for tradition. This independent spirit contributes to his aura of charisma and general attractiveness that makes him the love object of all the milkmaids with whom he works at Talbothays. As his name—in French, close to “Bright Angel”—suggests, Angel is not quite of this world, but floats above it in a transcendent sphere of his own. The narrator says that Angel shines rather than burns and that he is closer to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passionate poet Byron.His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.” Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. Angel’s ideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied to actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s easygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s. Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after hisfailure in Brazil, and only then he realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought down to Earth. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who instructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life.Question 1: Why Tess is said to be a paragon of “fallen humanity”?(15 points)Question 2: Why Tess converted the idealist Angle into a realist Angle in terms of her own tragedy? (15 points)IV.The following paragraphs are taken from chapter VIII ofbook IV in Gulliver’s Travels. This section pictures an ideal rational existence, the Houyhnhnms kingdom whose life is governed by sense and moderation of which philosopherssince Plato have long dreamed. Read them and answer thefollowing questions. (30 points)1Courtship, love, presents, jointures, settlements haveno place in their thoughts, or terms whereby to expressthem in their language. The young couple meet,and are joined, merely because it is the determinationof their parents and friends; it is what they see doneevery day, and they look upon it as one of the necessaryactions of a reasonable being.2 But the violation of marriage, or any other unchastity,was never heard of; and the married pair pass their liveswith the same friendship and mutual benevolence, thatthey bear to all others of the same species who come intheir way, without jealousy, fondness, quarrelling, ordiscontent. When the matron Houyhnhnms have produced one of each sex, they no longer accompany with their consorts, except they lose one of their issue by some casualty, which very seldom happens; but in such a case they meet again; or when the like accident befalls a person whose wife is past bearing, some other couple bestow on him one of their own colts, and then go together again until the mother is pregnant. This caution is necessary, to prevent the country from being overburdened with numbers. But the race of inferior Houyhnhnms, bred up to be servants, is not so strictly limited upon this article: these are allowed to produce three of each sex, to be domestics in the noble families3 Every fourth year, at the vernal equinox, there is arepresentative council of the whole nation, which meets in a plain about twenty miles from our house, and continues about five or six days. Here they inquire into the state and condition of the several districts; whether they abound or be deficient in hay or oats, or cows, or Yahoos; and wherever there is any want (which is but seldom) it is immediately supplied by unanimous consent and contribution. Here likewise the regulation of children is settled: as for instance, ifa Houyhnhnm has two males, he changes one of them withanother that has two females; and when a child has been lost by any casualty, where the mother is past breeding, it is determined what family in the district shall breed another to supply the loss.Question1.The satire in this work is seen entirely in a discrepancybetween Swift and the Gulliver, the typical rational scientist in the age of enlightenment? Comment on it. (15points)Question2. In what ways does the author satirize the rationalism ofHouyhnhnms society, for example, the rational idea onmarriage, and the family-planning? (15 points)《英美文学选读》试卷参考答案I. 【20分】Answer:The author used repetition and parallelism to make this satirical prose daintier and more repugnant in tone. This piece of prose is typical of neoclassical prose which set great store by elegance of the language which was achieved by way of rhetorical richness. 【10分】The author used sarcasm in these two sentences to openly deny Lord Chesterfield’s patronage and attack his insolent and blatant behavior. The sarcasm made in a circumlocutious way renders this satirical prose more taunting and bitter. 【10分】II【20分】Question 1: What is Liza’s Double Transformation?Act III of Pygmalion highlights the importance of Liza's double transformation, by showing her suspended between the play's beginning and its conclusion. “At Mrs. Higgins's ““At Home reception,” Liza is fundamentally the same person she was in Act I, although she differs in what we learn to appreciate as superficialities of social disguise (according to Mugglestone): details of speech and cleanliness. In modern society, however, as Shaw illustrates, it is precisely these superficial details which tend to be endowed with most significance. Certainly the Eynsford Hills view such details as significant, as Liza's entrance produces for them what Shaw's stage directions call “animpression of ... remarkable distinction and beauty.” Ironically, however, Liza's true transformation is yet to occur. She experiences a much more fundamental change in her consciousness when she realizes that Higgins has more or less abandoned her at the conclusion of his experiment. 【10分】Question 2:What is Liza’s Predicament?Liza experiences a sense of anxiety over not belonging anywhere: she can hardly return to flower peddling, yet she lacks the financial means to make her new, outward identity a social reality. “What am I fit for?” She demands of Higgins. “What have you left me fit for? Where am I to go? What am I to do? What's to become of me?” While Pickering is generous, Eliza is shoved into the wings by Higgins. The dream has been fulfilled, midnight has tolled for Cinderella, and morning reality is at hand. Liza must break away from Higgins when he shows himself incapable of recognizing her needs. This response of Higgins is well within his character as it has been portrayed in the play. Indeed, from his first exposure to Liza, Higgins denied Liza any social or even individual worth. Calling Liza a squashed cabbage leaf, Higgins states that a woman who utters such depressing and disgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere no right to live. 【10分】III.【30分】Question 1: Why Tess is said to be a paragon of fallen humanity?Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent biblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves. 【15分】Question 2: Discuss why Tess changes the idealist Angle into a realist Angle in a tragic way?Angel is closer to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passionate poet Byron. His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.” Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. Angel’sideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied to actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s eas ygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s. Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after his failure in Brazil, and only then he realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought down to Earth. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who instructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life. 【15分】IV【30分】Question1. This work is called a satire which is seen entirely in a discrepancy between Swift and the Gulliver, the typical rational scientist in the age of enlightenment? Comment on it. 【15分】There are echoes of Plato’s Republic in the Houyhnhnms’rejection of light entertainment and vain displays of luxury, their appeal to reason rather than any holy writings as the criterion for proper action, and their communal approach to family planning.The Gulliver’s Travels is a book of subtle satire. The satire comes mainly from the discrepancy between Gulliver who is fitted out as the archetypal man of the enlightenment movement, susceptible to rationalism of 18th century. Swift on the other hand is very critical of his time, especially its rational thinking. Whereas Gulliver takes Houyhnhnm society as ideal utopia one, the author finds its rationality totally intolerable.Question2.In what ways does the author satirize the rational Houyhnhnms society, for example, the rational ideal on marriage, and the family-planning? 【15分】Paragons of virtue and rationality, the horses are also dull, simple, and lifeless. Their language is impoverished, their mating loveless, and their understanding of the complex play of social forces naïve. What is missing in the horses is exactly that which makes human life rich: the complicated interplay of selfishness, altruism, love, hate, and all other emotions. In other words, the Houyhnhnms’ society is perfect for Houyhnhnms, but it is hopeless for humans. Houyhnhnm society is, in stark contrast to the societies of the first three voyages, devoid of all that is human.But we may be less ready than Gulliver to take the Houyhnhnms as ideals of human existence. They have no names in the narrative nor any need for names, since they are virtually interchangeable, with little individual identity. Their lives seem harmonious and happy, although quite lacking in vigor, challenge, and excitement. Indeed, this apparent ease may be why Swift chooses to makethem horses rather than human types like every other group in the novel. He may be hinting, to those more insightful than Gulliver, that the Houyhnhnms should not be considered human ideals at all. In any case, they symbolize a standard of rational existence to be either espoused or rejected by both Gulliver and us.。
美英报刊文章阅读第五版课后答案端木义万
美英报刊文章阅读第五版课后答案端木义万No ideal may be held more sacred in America, or be more coveted by others,than the principle of individual freedom.在美国，没有什么理想比个人自由原则更神圣，也没有什么理想比个人自由原则更令人垂涎。
Given the chance to pursue the heart's desires, our Utopian vision claims, each of ushas the ability and the right to make our dreams come true.我们乌托邦式的愿景宣称，只要有机会去追求内心的渴望，我们每个人都有能力和权利去实现自己的梦想。
This extraordinary individualism has prevailed as the core doctrine of the New Worldthrough four centuries, bringing with it an unrelenting pressure to prove one's self.四个世纪以来，这种非凡的个人主义一直是新世界的核心信条，随之而来的是证明自我的无情压力。
The self-made man has been America's durable icon, whether personified by theprairie homesteader or the high-tech entrepreneur.'白手起家的人是美国经久不衰的偶像，无论是草原上的农场主还是高科技企业家都是他们的化身。
”Yet, from the beginning,the idea of a community of rugged individualists struckmany as an oxymoron. In the 1830s, Alexis de Tocqueville warned that the tendencyof Americans to do their own thing could very likely doom the country. 然而，从一开始，由粗犷的个人主义者组成的社会这个想法就给许多人以矛盾的感觉。
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《英美报刊选读》一、教学目的通过本课程的学习，使学员对英美报刊有一个清晰的了解，认识英美报刊语言、文体、词汇、语法等基本特点，掌握英美报刊阅读的基本知识及技巧，为独立阅读英美报刊打下良好的基础。
二、教材特点与该课程旧教材（第1版）相比，本教材具有以下特点：1．为使学生改变以往依赖教师和英汉词典的学习习惯，培养他们独自排解疑难词语的能力，编者不但向他们推荐工具书，并教授他们使用方法；为使他们能加深对词汇的记忆，还介绍词法和重要词根及词缀。
2．为使学生掌握必要的新闻词语和扩大词汇量，本书在“新闻词语解说”中尽量结合课文，讲透疑难词语。
此外还列出一些与这些词语或课文内容有关的课外词汇。
3．为使学生掌握必要的读报知识，本书在“背景知识”中尽量结合课文，介绍重要的并时常见诸报端的人物、党派和组织机构等，并举例说明其重要性。
4．为使学生对新闻写作有一个大致的认识，加深对课文的理解，编者较系统地说明标题的若干特点，对新闻体裁的分类、导语和写作特点及常语等做了简介。
三、教学内容《英美报刊选读》为省开课程。
1．授课内容：重点为第1、3、4、5、6、8、13、15、17、19、20、21、24、28、30课（共15课），其它内容主要供自学。
2．课时安排：a) 学员自学：2学时/周，共30学时学完15课。
b)面授辅导：4学时/次，共4次。
每学时辅导一课，最后一学时复习。
3．作业：共四次，在湖北电大网站英语本科网页上下载，课后完成，交辅导教师批改，评分，作为平时成绩的主要依据。
学员完成作业后，可浏览网页上的“答案及详解”，以加深理解，检查自己掌握的情况四、教学建议教师授课时应以学生为中心，鼓励学生自己去探索和获取知识。
在上课时，可要求学生先回答每课后的练习题——Questions,使他们基本了解课文的主要内容。
然后，再逐段或跳跃式选段对学生需要掌握的内容、新闻词语和背景知识进行阅读和问答式方式讲解。
如果备课充分，学生的英语水平又高，教员可采用美英教员教授母语的方法，抛开课本或讲义，只讲有关课文的重点词语、背景知识和写作手法等。
这样，学生除预习外，课后还要结合教员在课堂上所讲的内容好好复习课文。
这两种授课方式的好处是，使学生通过自学（指预习）和教师的指导，自己主动去掌握知识。
与以教员为中心的灌输式教学方式相比，学生更能巩固所学，并使他们今后更能发挥学习潜能。
此外，这也使有的教员摆脱了那种课文注释那么详细而觉得在课堂上没有多少可讲的被动地位和局面。
当然，这只是本人的实践和看法。
我相信在调动学生主动学习的积极性方面还有更多、更好的教学法。
五.考试说明“英美报刊选读”期末考试题型介绍1．报刊名称及常见报刊词汇英译汉：十小题，每题2分，共20分内容以辅导书的附录为主. 2．阅读理解：2篇文章，选自作业题，选择题或判断题，共40分。
3．阅读与翻译：一篇文章，选自教材重点课目练习，共40分。
1)．问答题：20分。
2).段落英译汉：20分。
六.课程辅导《英美报刊选读》辅导一Newspapers and HeadlinesDo you have the habit of reading newspapers in English?What newspapers do you like to read?The following is a list of the major newspapers in Britain and the United States.●The major newspapers in BritainDailies SundaysThe Times News of the WorldThe Guardian The ObserverFinancial Times The Sunday PeopleThe Daily Telegraph Sunday MirrorDaily Express The Sunday TelegraphDaily Mail The Sunday TimesDaily Mirror●The major daily newspapers in the United StatesNew York Times USA TodayWashington Post Chicago Daily TribuneLos Angeles Times Detrolt NewsWall Street Journal New York Daily NewsChristian Science MonitorNewspapers ,along with reporting the news ,instruct ,entertain, and give opinions. A newspaper has separate sections: world news, national and local news, sports, business ,entertainment, opinions, comics, classified ads,etc.You can be a better reader if you know what to expect in a newspaper.For example, when you read a newspaper you usually look quickly at headlines first. Newspaper headlines have a language of their own and it is necessary to learn about it.Please read the following headlines:Moscow official wounded by gunmenEarthquake rocks TurkeyHusband to sue wifeBoy on cliff rescuedYoung Sudanese refugees endured famine, separations from familyFrom above we can see two prominent features of English newspaper headlines:☆Headlines are almost always in the present tense and even future events are put in the present tense。
☆Headlines generally omit unnecessary words, especially articles and the verb to be.And is often replaced by a comma.Newspaper headlines can be classified into several types:☆Straight headlines give you the main topic of the story.They are the most common type of headline and are the easiest to understand.Snow has chilling effects on SouthClinton offers Bush advice.☆Headlines that ask a question,report a future possibility or offer some doubt about the truth or accuracy of the story.Can technology fix ballot woes?Do market analysts have bad aim or bad intentions?☆Headlines that contain a quotation which is important or which shows that a statement is not proven.Mother:Let my baby go“We won’t quit”☆Double headlines are two-part headlines for the same story and are often usedfor major events.How Express broke diplomatic silenceHUSH-UP ON “SPY” ENVOYS☆Feature headlines are used for stories that are either highly unusual or amusing.Headlines for such stories try to be as clever as possible to catch the reader's interest.Teletubbles maker seeks funds for expansionDead student fell under the crush during clashes《英美报刊选读》辅导二Understanding Headline VocabularyEnglish newspaper headlines use a special vocabulary.A headline contracts a lot of information into a short space and hence in headlines we often see●Short words used instead of long onese.g. aid=assist bare=expose or reveal;blast=explode probe=investigationwoo=seek to win●Abbreviations such as short names which can be used when they are likely to be identified by the reader.Also initials are used whenever possible.e.g. Close-up on WILL(WILL=Willam Shakespeare)Yard smash airport gang(Yard=Scotland Yard)MP slams hospital delay(MP=member of Parliament)●shortened words and slange.g. Weekly mag for stamp lovers to be launched(mag=magazine)Br fly into stormover plgeon ban(Br=Britain)Olivier denies “blackmail” jibe(jibe=an insulting attack)The following is a list of words with their common headline meanings.Try to be famillar with these words.Word Common headline meaning ExamplAccord agreement Accord possible todayAir to make known TV airs “facts” on a rms deliveryAssail to criticize strongly Russ assails US on A-testsAxe to dismiss from a job Governor to axe aide?Back to support Algeria backs decision to ignore dollarBalk to refuse to accept Union balks at court orderBar not to allow Club faces shutdown for barring womenBid attempt Bid to open borderoffer Union rejects latest bidBilk to cheat Clerk bilks company of $1mBlast(noun) explosion;strong criticism Tanker blast near Manila(verb) criticize strongly MP blasts democratsstrike with explosivesblaze fire Blaze kills threecite mention Management cites labor unrest forshutdownclaim to declare to be true Man claims ghost sightingclaim(claim to kill Bombs claim40the life of)clash(noun) battle; dispute Marine dies in clash(verb) disagree strongly;fight Mayor clashes with city councilcool uninterested; unfriendly Moscow cool to aid offercurb limit; control Sunday driving curbsplanneddeadlock a disagreement that Jury deadlock in kidnap trialcannot be settleddrive a strong well-planned effort Cancer drive exceeds goalby a group for a particularpurposedue expected Greek FM due todayeye to watch with interest Women's groups eye court voteease to reduce or loosen Rome eases martial laweve the day before Violence on eve of independencefault to find in the wrong Study faults policefeud dispute; Border feud danger to regionalpeacestrong disagreementflay accuse;criticize strongly US flays Russiafoe opponent; enemy Clinton talks withcongressional foesfoil to prevent from succeeding FBI folls bid to hijack plane toIrangrip to take hold of Cholera fear grips Japangut to destroy completely by fire Year's biggest fire guts 178homeshead off to prevent President heads off railstrikeheist theft Jewel heist foiledhold keep in police control; 7 held for smugglingarrestink to sign Thailand,Malaysia ink seatreatykey very important Gov't.wins key votekick off to begin Fiery speech kicks offcampaignlash out criticize strongly; College heads lash out atNUSaccuselaud to praise PM lauds community spirit line position;demand Israel softens linelaunch to begin Police launch anti-drugdrivelink connected to Fungus linked to mysterydiseasloom expected in the near Treaty dispute looming futureloot(noun) stolen money or goods Police recover loot (verb) unlawful taking away of Rioters loot stores goods valuablenab to capture Gang leader nabbednet to take possession of; Customs check nets over$2mcapturenod approval Minister seeks nod for oilsaving planoffice an important government Minister quits,tired of office positionopt choose;decide Swiss opt to back tax forchurchesoust to take power away from Voters'oust incumbentspact a solemn agreement Peace pact today?Plea deeply felt request Mother's plea;Let me see mybabya statement in court indicating Guilty pleas expectedguilt or innocence Guilty pleas expected pledge promise IOC pledges supportpoised ready for action Workers poised to strikepoll election October poll?Voting station Voters go to the polls in JapanPost position in government, Unknown gets key CabinetpostBusinessProbe investigation Governor orders fire probePrompt to cause Court decision prompts publicangerRage to burn out of control Forest fire rages]Rap(noun) accusation charge Corruption rap unfair sayssenator(verb) criticize Safety commission raps autocompaniesrock to shock;to surprise Gov't.report rocks stock market rout defeat completely Rebels routed,leave 70 deadrow a quarrel Oil price row may bring downgov't.rule decide Court rules out PLO talkssack dismiss from a job Jail chief sackedsack(from to search thoroughly and rob 14 held for US embassysacking “ransack”)set decided on;ready IMF talks set for Aprilslay to kill or murder 2 slain in family rowsnag problem;difficulty Last minute snag hits arms talkssnub to pay no attention to Protestants snub Ulster peace bid soar to rise rapidly Inflation rate soarsspark to cause;to lead to action Frontier feuding sparksattackstalemate a disagreement that cannot be settledNew bid to break hostage stalematestall making no progress Peace effort in Lebanon stalledstance attitude;way of thinking New stance toward power cutsstem to prevent or stop Rainy season stems refugee exitsway to influence or persuade President fails to sway union-strike setswindle an unlawful way of getting money Stock swindle in NYthwart prevent from being successful Honduras attack thwartedties relations Vietnam ties soon?Trim to cut Senate trims budgetTrigger to cause Killing triggers riotVie to compete Irish top ranks vie for officeVoid to determine to be invalid Voting law voides by courtVow a solemn promise Police chief vows to catch kidnappersWeigh to consider Bush weights tax increase《英美报刊选读》辅导三The Newspaper LeadThe first paragraph of a news story is called the lead. It almost always gives you the story's main topic and most important facts. When you read a newspaper lead sentence, try to find the subject and main verb and note how the rest of the sentence adds information to the subject and main verb.Anwar Sadat Assassinated at Cairo Military ReviewCAIRO,October7-Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, amodern-day pharaoh who attempted to lead the Arab world toward a permanent Mideast peace with Isreal, was assassinated yesterday by a band of soldiers who attacked a military parade reviewing stand with automatic rifles and hand grenades.Note that a great deal of information is included in a single sentence.The writer has organized the sentence around the subject(Egyptian President Anwar Sadat)and main verb(was assassinate) very carefully.The lead sentence usually does the following:●Answers questions such as “who?”“what?”“where?” “when?”“result?”●Adds background to help you better understand the story orState where the source of the story comes from.《英美报刊选读》辅导四Read the News StoryIn most news stories the most important facts will be found nearthe beginning-usually within the first two or three paragraphs.The remainder of the story will give details explaining and clarifying the main points,or introducing new,but less important information.The following is a formula for a typical news story;●Paragraph OneThe story's subject and most important facts.●Paragraph TwoImportant facts that the writer was unable to include in the lead;Information to clarify the facts in the lead;A particularly important quote.●The rest of the storySpecific details to answer readers' questions;Statements and opinions by people involved in the story or by outside observers;Background information;New,but less important facts.Accordingly, when you read a news story, you are to:●Read the beginning of the story very carefully because itcontains the most important fact.●Try to look for more facts than those given in the lead.●If you don't understand something at the beginning of a story,keep reading for a second(and perhaps a third) chance to understand.《英美报刊选读》辅导五Reading the Feature Story in a NewspaperIn most news stories the main points come very early and less impotant information comes later.There is another kind of story_the feature story which follows a different format,the feature format.Popular Magazines and Magazine ArticlesReading popular magazines is a good way to enlarge our vocabulary and learn a little bit about many topics in English.The following is a list of major magazines in Britain and the United States.●Magazines in BritainThe Economist Britain TodayThe Spectator Contemporary ReviewNew Statesman London MagazineNew Scientist Observer ReviewThe Listener PunchBritish Weekly●Magazines in the United StatesTime US News & World ReportNewsweek Reader's DigestLife Business WeeklyFortune Harper'sPeople American ReviewThe New YorkerVery often we read magazines while traveling or relaxing anywhere.Writers of magazine articles do not expect their audience to spend too much time reading and try to make the main ideas stand out clearly. The task for the reader is to locate these main ideas quickly.Popular magazine writers use various devices to capture a reader's attention:clever titles,short paragraphs and compound nouns to economize on words.Articles in magazine often have characteristics similar to those found in news stories or articles found in newspapers.Here are some feautures of magazine articles:●An introductory paragraph summarize the main idea;●The details are given in the rest of the articles;●The author's view of the subject is directed to a particularaudience but may interest readers in general.《英美报刊选读》辅导六Reading AdvertisementsMost magazines and newspapers contain advertisements that are designed to make us want the product.Advertisers want us tobelieve that their product is important for a good life. Some advertisements even present viewpoints on timely subjects.Like newspaper editorials.Such ads try to influence the reader's opinions.The language of advertising must be a language of immediate impact and rapid persuasion. No one is likely to spend much time deciding whether to read a printed advertisement or listen to a spoken one:If their attention is not attracted immediately and held firmly for the short amount of time necessary to absorb what is being said. Then the advertisement will have miserably. So the advertising language uses a basically simple grammatical structure and a richly suggestive and descriptive vocabulary.Read the following ad.Only the cream of the crop filesOur chefs buy only the freshest and most expensive ingredients for our kitchens.Anywhere.Because they believe that good food really is the way to a person's heart.Obviously, there are many who would agree.In fact, experienced travelers have rewarded Swissair with the greatest percentage of repeat business.Which is not something we take lightly.Because travelers who fly more, expect more.So our chefs prepare five gourmet selections for every flight. Plus any one of 15 different special meals on request:Hindu,Kosher,Moslem,diabetic,slat-free,vegetarian,dietetic…you name it.Only the best will please Swissair passengers.The cream of the crop.Swissair has worldwide departures from New York, Boston, Chicago, Montreal and Toronto.Call Swissair of your travel expertSWISSAIRIn the above ad, a great deal is said in a few words. We see short sentences, vivid language, and many informal, popular expressions. They appeal to all of the senses.When you read an advertisement, you may:●Look for the hidden message; the way in which an advertiser uses words and pictures to influence readers opinions and attitudes.●Read between the lines for meanings implied rather than clearly stated.●Find the source of its appeal to the senses.。