氢氟酸盐酸法石墨提纯工艺
HF酸治理

废水废气处理技术要求HF酸主要去除天然鳞片石墨中硅酸盐杂质,盐酸和硝酸主要去除天然鳞片石墨中金属氧化物杂质,在工艺过程中产生废水。
废酸雾主要是在石墨纯化过程中产生的蒸汽、HF、HCl以及硝酸气体,废气主要是在石墨酸化过程中采用的98%硝酸尾气释放的红棕色氮氧化物,主要是二氧化氮。
天然鳞片石墨杂质含量为5-10%。
杂质成分主要是:成分Na2O K2O CaO MgO SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 含量0.74 3.11 0.86 2.12 63.19 0.72 17.32 4.91工艺简要说明:1、天然鳞片石墨提纯主要是采用HF、盐酸和硫酸。
分为两个步骤,第一步采用HF与盐酸混酸提纯,根据原料情况,采用刮刀自动卸料离心脱水机脱酸洗涤,浓废酸收集进行回收处理,洗涤水在中间步骤中加少量氨水中和,浓酸液和洗涤水分开收集;处理废酸量(氢氟酸和盐酸混合酸):混酸中,氢氟酸:浓度约5-10%,盐酸浓度约5-10%,收集量6000吨/年,强度约为1.5吨/h。
处理废水量:PH =2-3收集量约6万吨,强度约为15吨/h。
2、经过第一步提纯的天然石墨(含碳量98%)再进行第二步提纯,第二步提纯采用硫酸提纯,采用刮刀自动卸料离心脱水机脱酸洗涤,浓废酸收集进行回收处理,洗涤水在中间步骤中加少量氨水中和,浓酸液和洗涤水分开收集;处理废酸量(硫酸):硫酸:浓度约40-50%,收集量2000吨/年,强度约为0.5吨/h。
处理废水量:收集量约4万吨,强度约为10吨/h。
3、含碳量98%以上的高碳鳞片石墨酸化主要采用98%浓硫酸、少量双氧水反应,产物用水稀释,采用带式真空滤机脱酸洗涤,浓废酸收集进行回收处理,洗涤水在中间步骤中加少量纯碱中和,浓酸液和洗涤水分开收集。
处理废酸量(硫酸):硫酸:浓度约35-45%,收集量15000吨/年,强度约为4吨/h。
处理废水量:收集量约1.2万吨,强度约为3吨/h。
4、含碳量98%以上的酸素石墨采用氢氟酸反应,产物用水稀释,采用刮刀自动卸料离心脱水机脱酸洗涤,浓废酸收集进行回收处理,洗涤水在中间步骤中加少量纯碱中和,浓酸液和洗涤水分开收集。
鳞片石墨矿提纯方法汇总

鳞片石墨矿提纯方法汇总鳞片石墨矿提纯方法汇总鳞片石墨矿是经高压变质而成,一般呈青灰色,风化后呈黄褐色或灰白色,共生矿物较复杂,主要伴有长石、石英、黑云母、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、金红石等杂质矿物。
根据鳞状石墨矿矿床特性及矿石性质的不同,其提纯方法也有所不同,主要的石墨矿提纯方法有浮选提纯法、碱酸提纯法、氢氟酸提纯法、氯化焙烧提纯法和高温法。
1、浮选法提纯鳞片石墨矿鳞片石墨矿具有较好的可浮性,因此浮选能较好地将石墨与其他杂质矿物分离。
为能有效保护石墨鳞片并提高大片石墨的产率和品位,工艺流程厂采用粗精矿多段再磨多段再选工艺,这样可以及时筛分出已经解离的大鳞片石墨,还能避免鳞片受到反复磨碎而破碎。
浮选过程中,常使用煤油、柴油、重油、磺酸酯、硫酸脂、酚类、羧酸类等作为捕收剂,2#油、4#油作为起泡剂。
浮选提纯法主要适于低碳鳞片石墨,能有效保护石墨鳞片和提高石墨的品位,且生产成本低,能耗低,但该工艺精选次数较多、中矿返回量大、流程复杂,且生产不易控制。
2、碱酸法提纯鳞片石墨矿鳞片石墨矿碱酸提纯法主要是由碱熔过程和酸浸过程组成。
碱熔过程:利用石墨耐酸碱的性质,将氢氧化钠和石墨按照一定比例混匀后在高温下煅烧,在熔融状态下碱和石墨中的部分杂质( 石英、硅酸盐和硅铝酸盐等) 发生化学反应生成水溶性或酸溶性盐,再进行水洗脱除硅来实现石墨的提纯。
酸浸过程:将碱熔脱硅后的产物进行酸浸处理,使在熔融过程中不与碱发生反应的杂质( 金属氧化物) 与酸发生发应转化为可溶性盐,在经过水洗等工艺来提纯石墨。
鳞片石墨矿碱酸提纯法主要适于中碳石墨和高碳石墨矿。
该工艺方法设备简单,适用性强,一次性投资小且能获得高品位石墨。
但该工艺需在高温下进行,能耗大,所用药剂易腐蚀设备,耗水量大。
3、氢氟酸法提纯鳞片石墨矿氢氟酸提纯鳞片石墨矿是将石墨与氢氟酸混合,在一定温度下反应一段时间后,生成可溶于水的化合物(或挥发物),然后经水洗脱去杂质,脱水烘干后得到纯化后的石墨产品。
氢氟酸制备工艺石墨烯吸附法

氢氟酸制备工艺石墨烯吸附法一、背景氢氟酸是一种重要的化工原料,在电子、冶金、陶瓷、玻璃等行业广泛应用。
传统的氢氟酸制备工艺存在着能耗高、环境污染等问题。
因此,寻求一种新型的氢氟酸制备工艺成为了当前研究的热点。
石墨烯作为一种新型的碳纳米材料,具有优异的物理化学性能,可以作为吸附剂用于氢氟酸的制备。
本文将对氢氟酸制备工艺石墨烯吸附法的原理、制备方法及应用进行详细介绍。
二、原理氢氟酸制备工艺石墨烯吸附法的原理是利用石墨烯的吸附性能,将原料中的氟元素吸附在石墨烯表面,再通过酸化或其它方法将吸附的氟元素转化为氢氟酸。
具体来说,石墨烯表面的碳原子可以与氟原子形成共价键,从而实现对氟离子的吸附。
在一定条件下,吸附在石墨烯表面的氟离子可以被转化为氢氟酸。
三、制备方法1.原料准备制备氢氟酸的石墨烯吸附法所用的原料主要包括含氟溶液(如NaF、CaF2等)和石墨烯。
含氟溶液可以通过市售或工业废水中提取得到,石墨烯则可以通过化学气相沉积、剥离法等方法制备。
2.吸附过程将含氟溶液与石墨烯混合,通过搅拌、超声等方式使石墨烯充分分散在溶液中,形成均匀的混合物。
在一定温度和pH值条件下,石墨烯表面的碳原子与氟离子发生吸附反应,形成稳定的吸附剂/溶质复合物。
3.氢氟酸提取通过调整pH值、加热等方法使吸附在石墨烯表面的氟离子转化为氢氟酸,实现氢氟酸的提取。
具体操作方法可根据实际需求选择适当的提取工艺。
四、应用氢氟酸制备工艺石墨烯吸附法具有能耗低、环保等优点,可广泛应用于电子、冶金、陶瓷、玻璃等行业。
同时,该方法还可以处理工业废水中的氟离子,降低环境污染。
此外,石墨烯作为一种新型的碳纳米材料,在吸附法中得到了充分的应用,具有广阔的发展前景。
随着技术的不断进步和应用领域的拓展,氢氟酸制备工艺石墨烯吸附法将会得到更广泛的应用。
五、结论氢氟酸制备工艺石墨烯吸附法是一种新型的氢氟酸制备技术,具有环保、节能等优点。
通过不断优化制备工艺和探索新的应用领域,有望成为未来氢氟酸生产的主要方法之一。
石墨氢氟酸提纯工艺流程

石墨氢氟酸提纯工艺流程英文回答:The purification process of hydrofluoric acid in graphite involves several steps to ensure the removal of impurities and achieve a high level of purity. Thefollowing is a description of the process:1. Filtration: The first step is to filter the hydrofluoric acid solution to remove any solid impurities or particulate matter. This is usually done using a filter paper or a filtration system.2. Distillation: After filtration, the hydrofluoric acid solution is subjected to distillation to separate it from any volatile impurities. Distillation involves heating the solution and collecting the vapor that is produced. The vapor is then condensed and collected as purified hydrofluoric acid.3. Acid-base extraction: In some cases, acid-base extraction is used to further purify the hydrofluoric acid. This process involves adding a base, such as sodium hydroxide, to the acid solution. The base reacts with any remaining impurities, forming a precipitate that can be easily separated from the acid.4. Drying: The final step in the purification process is drying the purified hydrofluoric acid. This is typically done by evaporating any remaining water or moisture from the acid solution. The dried acid is then ready for use or further processing.Overall, the purification process of hydrofluoric acid in graphite involves filtration, distillation, acid-base extraction, and drying. These steps are essential to remove impurities and achieve a high level of purity.中文回答:石墨氢氟酸提纯工艺流程包括多个步骤,以确保去除杂质并达到高纯度。
石墨氢氟酸提纯工艺流程

石墨氢氟酸提纯工艺流程英文回答:Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a highly corrosive and toxic substance that is commonly used in industrial processes, including the purification of graphite. The purification process of graphite with HF involves several steps to ensure the removal of impurities and achieve a high level of purity. Here is a general outline of the process:1. Preparation of graphite: The first step is to prepare the graphite for purification. This may involve crushing the graphite into smaller particles or flakes to increase the surface area.2. Mixing with HF: The prepared graphite is then mixed with concentrated HF in a suitable container. The ratio of graphite to HF may vary depending on the desired purity level and the amount of impurities present. The mixture is stirred or agitated to ensure uniform contact between thegraphite and HF.3. Reaction and purification: The HF reacts with impurities present in the graphite, such as metal oxides or other non-carbonaceous materials. This reaction results in the formation of metal fluorides or other soluble compounds that can be easily removed.4. Filtration: After the reaction, the mixture isfiltered to separate the purified graphite from the remaining solution. This can be done using variousfiltration techniques, such as vacuum filtration or gravity filtration. The purified graphite is retained on the filter, while the solution containing the impurities is collected.5. Washing and drying: The purified graphite is washed with water or other suitable solvents to remove anyresidual HF or other impurities. It is then dried using methods such as air drying or oven drying to remove any remaining moisture.6. Quality control: The final step involves qualitycontrol checks to ensure the desired level of purity has been achieved. This may include analyzing the purified graphite using techniques such as X-ray diffraction or spectroscopy.中文回答:石墨氢氟酸(HF)是一种高度腐蚀性和有毒的物质,常用于工业过程中,包括石墨的提纯。
石墨的制备流程及步骤

石墨的制备流程及步骤下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成,希望大家下载以后,能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
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1. 原料选取。
选择优质的无烟煤或焦煤作为原料。
石墨化学提纯工艺与装备及废液排放的研究探讨12345全解
2、坚决淘汰单纯的氢氟酸石墨提纯工艺。
3、设置规模、环保准入门槛,关停并转小矿山,小提纯工厂,进行结构调整、产业升级,石墨产地或加工密集区集中解决废液问题,使石墨化学提纯工业的废液排放产业化。
4、继续深化复合酸的应用研究,不断降低氢氟酸在总酸系中的比重,减轻氢氟酸的危害。
我们知道,既然碱酸法高碳石墨提纯工艺中的未参与反应的碱和酸≥50%,由此推理,高纯石墨提纯工艺中的未参与反应的酸远远>50%,且有着过量使用的问题。确有回收的必要。
回收酸的第一步,首先,要确定酸的回收率,酸回收系统的回收率为80%,而离心机内石墨粉料的含酸率为20%,生产中投入的酸液与排出的酸液总量变化不大,只是浓度发生了变化,酸回收率应为(1-20%)×0.8=0.64。其次,酸回收系统的酸浓度差为20%,而在生产过程中,造成酸浓度减弱的因素还有石墨杂质与酸化学反应形成生成物引起的酸损耗以及石墨杂质与酸化学反应生成气体的挥发及蒸发损失量,但是这些因素无据可考,只能用碱酸法酸浸工艺参数来推定,即含C量85%,HCL浓度<15%,未参与化学反应的酸≥50%,再加上酸回收系统的浓度差20%,即可推定碱酸法中排出的废酸液因浓度低,只能采用沉淀、石英砂过滤、微滤来处理(不适宜使用渗析扩散法),或直接采用沉淀中和法。
反应
时间
产品C=99.967 C=99.978
1:(0.5-0.8):(0.4-0.7):(0.4-0.9)
24h
2、高纯石墨提纯工艺二硫酸—氢氟酸分步提纯法[6]
初产品C=97
液固比2.5:1
H2SO4浓度30-60%
反应时间2h
反应温度90℃
产品C=99.94
液固比2.5:1
高纯石墨提纯工艺
高碳石墨提纯目前高碳石墨提纯主要有种化学提纯和高温提纯两大类,其中化学提纯又主要包括氢氟酸法和碱酸法两种。
一、氢氟酸法此法目前比较成熟可行的提纯方法,但对设备腐蚀性强,尤其氢氟酸毒性强,生产时必须有严格的安全防护和废水处理系统。
具体工艺过程,已在奥宇学习为例,酸洗大致流程为:加料—加酸—反应釜反应除杂—离心机水洗脱水—放料—干燥—污水处理1、加料加料是用提升架升到高楼平台倒入反应釜中。
2、加酸加酸过称主要是先把各种酸加入到各自的酸灌中,通过观察酸灌的容量刻度来定量,在准备就绪后打开阀门通过泵或者重力流入反应釜中,具沟通了解酸洗酸主要有四种HF (40%)、Hcl (30%)、HNO 3(30%)、H 2SO 4 (92.5%)。
加酸顺序主要是钙不高先加Hcl ,之后在按顺序加H 2SO 4、HF 、HNO 3,原因是钙碱土含量高费酸,从成本考虑Hcl 最便宜;如要钙含量正常,就按H 2SO 4、Hcl 、HF 、HNO 3顺序加酸,主要是H 2SO 4放热方面考虑,并且每种酸加入后反应一段时间在加入另一种酸,据说更加合理。
配比上主要是考虑原料中的各种微量元素不同,酸的配比除杂加酸不同,主要有技术部门负责配比,每次都是先有技术部门小样实验,在进行酸量的微调,高碳石墨中杂质虽不完全相同,但大致相同,主要含有硅酸盐矿物和钾、钙、纳、镁、铝、铁等化合物。
任何硅酸盐都可以被氢氟酸溶解,生成氟化物和挥发物,但同时氢氟酸会和钾、钙、纳、镁、铝、铁等氧化物反应生产沉淀物,因此在其中加入盐酸、硝酸、硫酸可使沉淀物溶于水,除去这些杂质。
以酸洗两遍为例,总体质量配比大致为HF :Hcl :HNO 3:H 2SO 4 =2:2:1:1。
以下为奥宇其中一个产品的酸洗时间和配比数据:第一遍 质量比HF :Hcl :HNO 3:H 2SO 4=250:150:0:150 酸洗时间16小时第二遍 质量比HF :Hcl :HNO 3:H 2SO 4=140:270:100:0 酸洗时间12小时3、反应釜反应除杂反应釜内衬主体为塑料材质,极易损坏报废。
石墨氢氟酸提纯工艺流程
石墨氢氟酸提纯工艺流程英文回答:The purification process of hydrofluoric acid in graphite involves several steps to ensure the removal of impurities and obtain a high-purity product. Here is a detailed description of the process:1. Raw Material Preparation:The first step is to obtain the raw hydrofluoric acid solution, which may contain impurities such as water, metal ions, and organic compounds.The acid solution is usually obtained from the reaction of calcium fluoride with sulfuric acid or byproduct recovery processes.2. Filtration:The acid solution is filtered to remove solid impurities such as graphite particles, metal oxides, and other insoluble materials.Filtration can be done using filter paper, filter cartridges, or other suitable filtration methods.3. Distillation:The filtered acid solution is then subjected to distillation to remove water and volatile impurities.Distillation is carried out under controlled temperature and pressure conditions to separate the hydrofluoric acid from water and other volatile components.The purified hydrofluoric acid vapor is condensed and collected as the final product.4. Drying:After distillation, the hydrofluoric acid may stillcontain traces of water. Drying is performed to remove any remaining moisture.Drying can be achieved by passing the acid through desiccant beds or by using other drying techniques.5. Analysis and Quality Control:The purified hydrofluoric acid is analyzed to determine its purity level and to ensure compliance withthe required specifications.Quality control tests may include measurements of acidity, water content, metal ion concentration, and other relevant parameters.6. Packaging and Storage:The purified hydrofluoric acid is then packaged in suitable containers, such as glass bottles or plastic drums, for storage and transportation.Proper labeling and safety precautions are followed to ensure safe handling and storage of the product.中文回答:石墨氢氟酸提纯工艺流程主要包括以下几个步骤,以确保去除杂质并获得高纯度的产品:1. 原料准备:首先需要获取原始的氢氟酸溶液,该溶液可能含有水、金属离子和有机化合物等杂质。
石墨纯化方法及工艺流程
石墨纯化方法及工艺流程英文回答:Graphite purification refers to the process of removing impurities from natural graphite to obtain high-purity graphite. There are several methods and processes commonly used for graphite purification.One common method is acid leaching. In this process, natural graphite is treated with strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, to dissolve impurities. The acid leaching process is usually carried out in a reactor or a series of reactors. After the impurities are dissolved, the graphite is separated from the acid solution and washed to remove any remaining acid. This method is effective in removing impurities, but it requires careful handling of corrosive acids.Another method is thermal purification. This method involves heating natural graphite to high temperatures inan inert atmosphere, such as argon or nitrogen. The impurities in the graphite are volatilized or convertedinto gases at high temperatures, leaving behind purified graphite. The thermal purification process can be conducted in a furnace or a specialized thermal purification system. This method is suitable for removing volatile impurities and can produce high-purity graphite.In addition to acid leaching and thermal purification, there are other methods used for graphite purification, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and electrochemical purification. CVD involves depositing a layer of high-purity graphite on a substrate by chemical reactions in a controlled environment. Electrochemical purification utilizes electrolysis to remove impurities from graphite electrodes.The specific purification process for graphite can vary depending on the desired level of purity and the impurities present in the natural graphite. It often involves a combination of different methods and processes to achieve the desired results. The choice of purification method andprocess also depends on factors such as cost, efficiency, and environmental considerations.中文回答:石墨纯化是指从天然石墨中去除杂质,以获得高纯度石墨的过程。
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氢氟酸盐酸法石墨提纯工艺
氢氟酸盐酸法石墨提纯工艺是一种有效的石墨提纯方法,主要利用氢氟酸和盐酸与石墨中的杂质发生反应,以达到提纯的目的。
在工艺过程中,将石墨粉与氢氟酸和盐酸的混合溶液进行反应,杂质会与氢氟酸和盐酸发生反应,生成可溶性物质或挥发性物质,从而与石墨分离。
经过多次洗涤和脱水烘干后,得到高纯度的石墨产品。
具体步骤如下:
1. 将石墨粉与氢氟酸和盐酸的混合溶液按照一定比例混合,搅拌均匀。
2. 将混合物加热至一定温度,保持一定时间,使杂质与氢氟酸和盐酸充分反应。
3. 反应结束后,将混合物进行洗涤,以去除其中的可溶性物质和挥发性物质。
4. 将洗涤后的石墨进行脱水烘干,得到高纯度的石墨产品。
该方法具有提纯效果好、工艺流程简单、产品品位高、成本相对较低等优点,可广泛应用于天然石墨、人造石墨等材料的提纯。
同时,需要遵守相关的安全规范,特别是在使用氢氟酸和盐酸等危险化学品时要注意个人安全和环境保护。