学术英语综合课后问题详解季佩英
Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商；饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or havingbecome —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手；2）自由企业制度3）股东4）经济体制5）开发产品和服务6）市场力量；市场调节作用7）金融机构8）严重衰退9）破产10）mission11）stock price12）corporate motto 13）assets14）maximize profits 15）financial systemPart 2：1)market forces2）financial institutions 3）free enterprise system 4）deep institutions5）invisible hand6）stockholder7）profit maximization 8）economic system Task 2：1.and；2.Another；3. also；4. Not only；but；5. otherTask 31. understanding；2. agree with；3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激；2）与外部世界隔离3）陷入绝境4）易感抑郁5）恢复体能6）界定性特征7）暂时的挫败8）不因挫败而心烦意乱9）竞选权位10）吹着欢快的曲调Part 2：1)bout 2）validated 3）squabble 4）aptitude5）platitude 6）debilitate7）reassuring 8）undermine9）ruminate 10）martial Task 2：1.contrasting；2.in contrast；3. However；4. different；5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of；2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2：1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6) If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2：…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between ???3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabulary Part 11. 数学化，数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2：1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2：1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the many examples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, T ext A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2：1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2：1. The present perfect tense（现在完成时）emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure：temptationgrueling：working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job：humble jobrecrafted：turnedHe might be doing a humble job，but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails：requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to：being beneficial toconnotation：implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they dohelps serve the public and brings benefits to our society，and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的；手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。
学术英语教学常见问题答疑（一）
学术英语教学常见问题答疑（一）Q“近几年我们学校一些学生选择毕业后继续出国深造，这无疑对他们的学术英语能力提出了新的要求和挑战。
为了满足这部分学生的发展需求，我们决定在下学期开设几门学术英语技能类的课程，我承担其中的学术英语听说课程的教学。
可我以往教授的都是大学基础英语，不知道能不能handle好这样一门全新的课程？”A“我在刚刚接触学术英语教学时也很迷茫，但随着教学经验的积累，我慢慢认识到了English for academic purposes的真正涵义。
其实EAP广义而言关注的是‘正规教育体系中以学业用途为目的的英语交流技巧’，究其根本是一门语言课程，兼顾对学习策略、思辨能力和学术规范的培养。
从这个角度说也许我们把它译为‘学业英语’更为贴切，而非那么高冷的‘学术英语’。
事实上学术英语教学中的许多内容咱们在大学基础英语的教学里早已接触过了，比如taking notes、identifying key points、thinking critically、referring to sources 等等。
只不过学术英语课程会结合地道的学术英语素材，创设真实的学术交流场景，更有针对性、更为系统地训练这些学术技能。
你早已装备在身，只不过自己还没有意识罢了，大可信心满满地引领学生踏上一程学术之旅哦。
”Q“进行学术英语听力教学肯定是用真实的、原汁原味的视听素材比较好，比如说课堂讲座、会议发言等。
可是我的学生听力水平不是特别好，怎么能很好地通过这些有难度、有挑战的素材提升他们的学术英语技能呢？”A“如果素材比较长，我们可以考虑根据素材的内部层次将它拆分成几个part，循序渐进地引导学生理解视听内容。
就拿下面这个例子来说：这是一段关于How to better understand spoken English 的lecture，时间较长。
为了保证更好的学习效果，设计者根据其内容的逻辑层次，科学地将它拆分为了三个parts，每个听力活动关注一个part，着重解决一个问题，帮助学生们化整为零。
《大学英语(学术英语)》课程教学大纲
《大学英语（学术英语）》课程教学大纲ACADEMICENGLISH执笔者：吴勇审核人：易强编写日期：2017年10月《大学英语（学术英语）》课程是我校非英语专业本科基础阶段的公共基础课，属必修课程。
该课程安排在第四学期，总计48学时，3学分。
本课程根据教育部《大学英语教学指南》（2014）及我校人才培养定位实际要求来确定其教学内容和制订其教学大纲。
三、课程的性质、目的和任务教育部《大学英语教学指南》（2014）指出，大学英语课程具有工具性，体现在英语听说读写译技能、专门用途英语两方面。
在专门用途英语上，学生通过学术英语、职业英语等来获得学术领域或职业领域进行交流的能力，提升学生学术和职业素养，且该能力培养要进一步增强。
我校是以工科为主的地方本科院校，工科专业多，学生将来面临的学业深造、就业渠道也必然以工科方向为主，开设学术英语课程也是大势所趋。
学术英语能力主要包括：听专业课程和专业讲座的能力；搜索、阅读和评价专业文献的能力；撰写文献摘要、述评和专业小论文的能力；口头陈述和演示科研成果的能力；参加学术讨论的能力。
四、课程教学环节的基本要求（一）大学英语课程教学总体要求依照教育部《大学英语教学指南》（2014），大学英语课程教学要求分为三个层次，即基础目标、提高目标和发展目标。
基础目标针对英语高考成绩合格的学生，是本科毕业时应达到的基本要求；提高目标和发展目标针对大学入学时英语已达到较好水平的学生，也是对学生英语应用能力要求较高的专业所选择的要求。
三个级别教学要求的总体能力描述如下：展目标为教学目标，而英语基础较差的普通本科、艺术班、专升本等专业原则上以基础目标为起点进行教学。
（二）《大学英语（学术英语）》课程教学要求学术英语以英语使用领域为指向，以增强学生运用英语进行专业和学术交流、从事工作的能力，提升学生学术和职业素养为目的。
学术英语课程凸显大学英语工具性特征，将特定的学科内容与语言教学目标相结合，教学活动着重解决学生学科知识学习过程中所遇到的语言问题，以培养与专业相关的英语能力为教学重点，也分为三个级别。
学术英语综合课文翻译季佩英
Unit 4 环境Text A The Green Movement at 50: What Next?环保的当今时代是约半个世纪之久。
那段时间意识不断壮大，我们所面临的挑战知识增加，而重要的实践已经取得了进展，例如在一些减少各种污染，并在建立保护区。
我们是，但是，仍然由协调人什么我们的星球能提供可持续的要求很远。
人与自然之间的不平衡的后果是出现在改变地球的气候，动物和植物的势头，并在关键的资源，包括野生鱼类资源，淡水和土壤的枯竭的大灭绝。
而这些环境压力不是一成不变的。
他们不断升级，随着我国人口的增长和国家继续为更多的经济增长的不懈追求。
如果我们要避免这些趋势的最严重后果则毫无疑问是较为迅速的进展将需要比迄今取得的，但我们在这里应该关注我们的努力？什么可能是在未来的半个世纪行动的优先领域？这让我感到眼前的主要挑战主要不是相对于良好的信息，更好的技术和良好的政策思路。
这些东西是至关重要的当然的，但所有这些东西都已经可用。
我们知道如何让清洁电力，节约资源，培育生物多样性。
我们知道如何规范污染，防止损坏的生态系统，如果我们想。
我们有这些能力的事实是不够的。
如果我们继续前进的决定性方式的争论它需要被重新定义。
我们需要从“做正确的事'上移动，谈到风险管理，促进抗灾能力。
要查看关爱地球的自然系统为某种道德选择的是完全误解了危机，我们都在这个挑战是关于人类社会的未来，而不是一些可选的慈善事业，我们可以留给慈善事业慷慨解囊，做社会改良。
嵌入了使我们从保护自然的人们保护自然为人们的叙述是这样的重新规划的重要组成部分。
我们正处在一个时期的后果，世界必须知道，健康的本质不是一些可选的精密而是一组不可缺少的物质资产。
如果这样的叙述是为了获得实际效果再想找性质后必须立即被看作不仅是一个环境的挑战，也是一个经济问题。
只要我们继续滑向两个方向行进，一方面是促进环保目标的同时，对其他直接矛盾与措施，以实现更多的经济增长，我们不再将无法取得真正的进展。
学术英语综合季佩玉四单元翻译
Unit 4 翻译环保的当今时代是约半个世纪之久。
那段时间意识不断壮大，我们所面临的挑战知识增加，而重要的实践已经取得了进展，例如在一些减少各种污染，并在建立保护区。
我们是，但是，仍然由协调人什么我们的星球能提供可持续的要求很远。
人与自然之间的不平衡的后果是出现在改变地球的气候，动物和植物的势头，并在关键的资源，包括野生鱼类资源，淡水和土壤的枯竭的大灭绝。
而这些环境压力不是一成不变的。
他们不断升级，随着我国人口的增长和国家继续为更多的经济增长的不懈追求。
如果我们要避免这些趋势的最严重后果则毫无疑问是较为迅速的进展将需要比迄今取得的，但我们在这里应该关注我们的努力？什么可能是在未来的半个世纪行动的优先领域？这让我感到眼前的主要挑战主要不是相对于良好的信息，更好的技术和良好的政策思路。
这些东西是至关重要的当然的，但所有这些东西都已经可用。
我们知道如何让清洁电力，节约资源，培育生物多样性。
我们知道如何规范污染，防止损坏的生态系统，如果我们想。
我们有这些能力的事实是不够的。
如果我们继续前进的决定性方式的争论它需要被重新定义。
我们需要从“做正确的事'上移动，谈到风险管理，促进抗灾能力。
要查看关爱地球的自然系统为某种道德选择的是完全误解了危机，我们都在这个挑战是关于人类社会的未来，而不是一些可选的慈善事业，我们可以留给慈善事业慷慨解囊，做社会改良。
嵌入了使我们从保护自然的人们保护自然为人们的叙述是这样的重新规划的重要组成部分。
我们正处在一个时期的后果，世界必须知道，健康的本质不是一些可选的精密而是一组不可缺少的物质资产。
如果这样的叙述是为了获得实际效果再想找性质后必须立即被看作不仅是一个环境的挑战，也是一个经济问题。
只要我们继续滑向两个方向行进，一方面是促进环保目标的同时，对其他直接矛盾与措施，以实现更多的经济增长，我们不再将无法取得真正的进展。
当涉及到经济学和生态学有大量的好思已经完成。
例如，在不同的经济措施，以取代成功与失败，生态税的改革更为现实的措施，收入转移的负担，污染，生态系统服务补偿，补贴的重定向和如何调动国内生产总值的原油措施融资以扩大清洁行业。
学术英语教学理念与原则复旦大学季佩英教授
English as the Language of Knowledge Exchange
• Most disciplines have progressively switched from publishing in journals in their own language to publishing in journals in English.
• Part III Issues and challenges of teaching EAP in China
Part I Changes in educational institutions
Braj Kachru's model of World Englishes
Two distinct roles for institutions which have English as the medium of instruction:
(Hyland, 2006)
4. The what and how of EAP
• The Early Years (1950s-1960s) • Three Decades of Growth and Developing Tradition
(1970s, 1980s, 1990s) • The current situation (since 2000)
(Jordan, 2002)
2. EAP and TEAP: definitions
• English for Academic Purposes refers to language research and instruction that focuses on the spees of particular groups in academic contexts.
季佩玉、范烨学术英语学术英语综合Unit10剖析
Unit 10
Language Acquisition
Text A Supplementary information
2. Noam Chomsky
Noam Chomsky (1928- ) is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, logician, political critic and activist. He is an Institute Professor and Professor (Emeritus) in the Department of Linguistics & Philosophy at MIT. He is described as “the father of modern linguistics”.
Unit 10
Language Acquisition
Text A Text analysis
Summarize the main ideas of Text A on the basis of
Task 1/Critical Reading and Thinking/Text A.
Language as a cultural artifact Language as an instinct
7. Academic language and discourse
• Acquire some linguistic terms;
• Learn to use signpost language indicating a cause or an effect;
• Comprehend stylistic differences between formal and informal English and acquire some formal expressions
（完整版）学术英语综合课后答案季佩英
（完整版）学术英语综合课后答案季佩英Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商；饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or morelikely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手；2）自由企业制度3）股东4）经济体制5）开发产品和服务6）市场力量；市场调节作用7）金融机构8）严重衰退9）破产10）mission11）stock price12）corporate motto13）assets14）maximize profits 15）financial systemPart 2：1)market forces2）financial institutions 3）free enterprise system 4）deep institutions5）invisible hand6）stockholder7）profit maximization 8）economic system Task 2：1.and；2.Another；3. also；4. Not only；but；5. otherTask 31. understanding；2. agree with；3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激；2）与外部世界隔离3）陷入绝境4）易感抑郁5）恢复体能6）界定性特征7）暂时的挫败8）不因挫败而心烦意乱9）竞选权位10）吹着欢快的曲调Part 2：1)bout 2）validated3）squabble 4）aptitude5）platitude 6）debilitate7）reassuring 8）undermine9）ruminate 10）martialTask 2：1.contrasting；2.in contrast；3. However；4. different；5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of；2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2：1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist B Epistemologist A phenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2：…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化，数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2：1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2：1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptivemathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2：1. To achieve professional development isimportant as ameans to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2：1. The present perfect tense（现在完成时）emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure：temptationgrueling：working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years ina humble position3. lowly job：humble jobrecrafted：turnedHe might be doing a humble job，but he would turn it intoa great mission4. entails：requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to：being beneficial toconnotation：implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society，and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefs Unit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性/doc/aaf6c3adfac75fbfc77da26925c52cc58 ad6907f.html anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的；手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。
(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英
Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商；饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手；2）自由企业制度3）股东4）经济体制5）开发产品和服务6）市场力量；市场调节作用7）金融机构8）严重衰退9）破产10）mission11）stock price12）corporate motto13）assets14）maximize profits 15）financial systemPart 2：1)market forces2）financial institutions 3）free enterprise system 4）deep institutions5）invisible hand6）stockholder7）profit maximization 8）economic system Task 2：1.and；2.Another；3. also；4. Not only；but；5. otherTask 31. understanding；2. agree with；3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激；2）与外部世界隔离3）陷入绝境4）易感抑郁5）恢复体能6）界定性特征7）暂时的挫败8）不因挫败而心烦意乱9）竞选权位10）吹着欢快的曲调Part 2：1)bout 2）validated3）squabble 4）aptitude5）platitude 6）debilitate7）reassuring 8）undermine9）ruminate 10）martialTask 2：1.contrasting；2.in contrast；3. However；4. different；5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of；2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2：1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2：…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化，数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2：1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2：1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2：1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2：1. The present perfect tense（现在完成时）emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure：temptationgrueling：working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job：humble jobrecrafted：turnedHe might be doing a humble job，but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails：requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to：being beneficial toconnotation：implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society，and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的；手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。
学术英语-季佩英-第6课翻译 New winds blowing
New winds blowing in applied mathematicsPhilip J.DavisHow would you complete this sentence:”this is the age of...”Every generation of writers has filled in the dots not only for their own age,but for selected past ages.In1947,the poet W.H.Auden wrote that his was“the age of anxiety”.Around1970,song writers,pulling on astrological beliefs,called it“The age of Aquarius,”an age of love and human kindness.More recently,psychiatrist Daniel Freeman wrote that this is“The age of Paranoia”with distrust and optical surveillance everywhere.We answer according to our experiences.I would fill in the dots by saying that this is the age of computers,or more sharply,the age of mathematizaions.The computer is the prime and driving mechanism of the age and in all computer applications there resides some sort of mathematical construction.It is an age when applied mathematizations affect us all, for good,for bad,for somewhere in between,and these effects may not develop or become apparent for some while.Mathematics is now so universally employed that its teaching cannot be encompassed in one department.CAD/CAM(computer aided design/manufacture)is now in dentistry.Does the dentistry development require engineering talent?Should its techniques be taught in an engineering department?One can truly wonder what courses should comprise the basic training for the applied mathematician or computer scientist.I have spent a good fraction of my professional life in what might be termed“a traditional department of applied mathematics”.by“traditional”I mean a department that stresses the mathematics that models physical phenomena,or to a lesser extent, that models social phenomena via statistics.The word“traditional”cal also be explicated by noting the specific courses that are given in such a department.In my department at Brown University,for example,there are graduate courses in biophysical models,genomics,operations research,statistical inference,dynamical systems,and fluids.This represents a change from a half century ago,when my department was a renowned research center for solid mechanics:elasticity,plasticity, rheology,etc.The word“traditional”can also be explicated by the well-known paradigmatics sequence:Description-prediction-comparison-re tinkering the description.But there is now another type of applied mathematics whose paradigm is:Prescription-adoption-surveillance and societal evaluation-re prescription.Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extend from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:The speed limit on a highway.The mandatory retirement age for particular occupations.The scoring system for football.An algorithm for determining the“pecking order”of colleges.The old”point system”for determining the quality of a mortgage application.The presidential electoral system in the USAA national tax systemNational and international financial system.This list could go on and on.Society may adopted a mathematical prescription,but its acceptance is more provisional or tentative than,e.g.,Newtonian mechanics.There is yet another kind of mathematics by prescription that derives from human behavior and that is the product of a large cadre of professional s whom the journalist and investigative reporter Stephen Baker ha termed“the Numerati”.who are“the Numerati”?A secret society?No,they are mathematicians,computer scientists,engineers,physicists,economists,biologists,psychologists,linguists and data miners.In fact,anyone who consciously devises or uses algorithms that extract patterns from the behavior of individuals,individual or collective,whose uses then have a direct impact on their personal lives.Admittedly,this is rather vague,but is will clarity a bit as I go on and mention a few of the many examples that Baker gives:A name identifying company using linguistic analysis can tell you whether Mr. Chang is the same fellow as Mr.Tchang,or even Mr.Tchung.A company keeps shopping and lifestyle data of some200million Americans. The company buys just about every bit of data about us that is cold,and then sells selections of it.Another company quietly amasses court rulings,tax and real estate transactions, birth and death notices so as to enhance,among other things,law and child support enforcement,public safety and health care.Yet another company divides the electorate into10groups with characteristic voting patterns so as to help political parties get the swing voters onto their bandwagon.Some of these compilation and analyses,even now,go on silently andautomatically.We are typecast as we sit innocently before our screen and surf of when we use a credit card to buy our weekly groceries.The products of the Numerati can run from socially benign and useful to worrisome to scary.The principal worry is the loss of personal privacy.What formal mathematical knowledge is required to install such mathematizations?If can be anything from the very simple to the very advanced. Technically speaking,what goes on here is part of field of learning/computational statistics,a very hot area in applied mathematics,and computer science.The useful formal training would include:linear algebra,mulch-variable calculus,optimization, probability,statistics,on the mathematics side.On the CS side,it would include algorithms and database theory.Specialized knowledge of the particular domain is of course necessary.In a sense,all applications of math are ultimately prescriptive,but I’m concerned here with mathematics that,once prescribed,creates a brand-new milieu as opposed to mathematics that describes or models an existing often physical milieu.In a perceptive1946article,the French polymath Paul Valery,pointed out that with Volta’s1800discovery of the electric current and invention of the battery, science entered a new phase wherein it created and described absolutely new phenomena as opposed to phenomena that pre-existed.By the same token,applied mathematics which has hitherto been concerned with pre-existing phenomena,is now, via the work of the Numerati,creating new(and largely social)phenomena,this adds fuel to the social constructivist view of mathematics as explicated by Paul Ernest in his many works.Over the years,i may very well have trained students is applied mathematics who have happily,productively and lucratively,entered the ranks of the Numerati. There are fortunes to be made in the numerocratic domains and the young people are aware of it.the low-hanging fruit in engineering may now have all been plucked.To go froward with schemes,e.g.creating sufficient quantities of clean energy may be difficult whereas creating successful new data-mining applications is comparatively easy.And we must deal with its consequences,many of which will be unintended.Mathematics is a very adaptable,very universally applicable language and for this reason it should be invoked with caution.Part of mathematical education of the future should be to inculcate caution lest we fall into the complaint of Caliban:”You have given me language,and my profit on’t is I know how to curse.”（1136words)应用数学的新风Philip J.Davis你将如何完成这句话:“这是一个……时代”每一个时代的作家都在省略号处填上不不同的内容，不仅仅是他们自己的年龄。
医学学术英语第二版季佩英版课后答案
医学学术英语第二版季佩英版课后答案1、20．Jerry is hard-working. It’s not ______ that he can pass the exam easily. [单选题] * A．surpriseB．surprising (正确答案)C．surprisedD．surprises2、These plastics flowers look so_____that many people think they are real. [单选题] *A.beautifulB.artificialC.natural(正确答案)D.similar3、12．That is a good way ________ him ________ English. [单选题] *A．to help；forB．helps；withC．to help；with(正确答案)D．helping；in4、37．It’s fun _________ a horse with your best friends on the grass. [单选题] *A．to ride (正确答案)B．ridingC．ridesD．ride5、Nobody noticed the thief slip into the shop, because the lights happened to _______. [单选题] *A. put outB. turn outC. give outD. go out(正确答案)6、Many volunteers _______ food and water to the local people in Japan after tsunami(海啸）. [单选题] *A. gave out(正确答案)B. cut outC. put outD. found out7、—______is my notebook？—Look! It’s in your schoolbag.（）[单选题] *A. WhatB. WhichC. Where(正确答案)D. How8、( ) They have_____ useful dictionary. They want to lend it___ us. [单选题] *A. an; forB. a; fromC. an; toD. a; to(正确答案)9、Jim is a(n) _______. He is very careful and likes to work with numbers. [单选题] *A. secretaryB. tour guideC. accountant(正确答案)D. English teacher10、He was proud of what he had done. [单选题] *A. 对…感到自豪(正确答案)B. 对…感到满足C. 对…表示不满D. 对…表示后悔11、—______ is it from your home to the bookstore?—About 15 kilometers.（）[单选题] *A. How far(正确答案)B. How muchC. How longD. How many12、--Don’t _______ too late, or you will feel tired in class.--I won’t, Mum. [单选题] *A. call upB. wake upC. stay up(正确答案)D. get up13、If we want to keep fit, we should try to _______ bad habits. [单选题] *A. keepB. haveC. getD. get rid of(正确答案)14、Our school is beautiful. How about _______? [单选题] *A. theirs(正确答案)B. theirC. theyD. them15、Sitting at the back of the room（）a very shy girl with two bright eyes. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. hasD. there was16、31．A key ring is used __________ holding the keys. [单选题] *A．toB．inC．for (正确答案)D．with17、—I can’t always get good grades. What should I do?—The more ______ you are under, the worse grades you may get. So take it easy!（）[单选题] *A. wasteB. interestC. stress(正确答案)D. fairness18、A survey of the opinions of students（）that they admit several hours of sitting in front of the computer harmful to health. [单选题] *A. show；areB. shows ；is(正确答案)C.show；isD.shows ；are19、This kind of work _______ skills and speed. [单选题] *A. looks forB. waits forC. calls for(正确答案)D. cares for20、72．I really don’t know how to thank you , but for your help, I （）my lost necklace．[单选题] *A.couldn’t have found(正确答案)B.mustn’t have foundC.couldn’t findD.wouldn’t find21、19．_______ will the film Country Road last? [单选题] * A．How farB．How oftenC．How soonD．How long(正确答案)22、I _____ of her since she left school three years ago. [单选题] *A. didn’t hearB. haven’t heard(正确答案)C. was not hearingD. shall not heard23、My brother is _______ actor. He works very hard. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. one24、It is an online platform _____ people can buy and sell many kinds of things. [单选题] *A．whenB. where(正确答案)C．thatD．which25、Alice hopes to _______ more friends at her new school. [单选题] *A. visitB. make(正确答案)C. missD. take26、—Judging from ____ number of bikes, there are not many people in the party.—I think so. People would rather stay at home in such _____ weather. [单选题] *A. the, aB. a, /C. the, /(正确答案)D. a, a27、40．Star wars is ______ adventure film and it is very interesting. [单选题] *A．aB．an (正确答案)C．theD．/28、_____from far away, the 600-meter tower is stretching into the sky. [单选题] *A. SeeB. SeeingC. To seeD. Seen(正确答案)29、I_____you that I had made the right decision. [单选题] *A.ensuredB.insuredC.assured(正确答案)D.for sure30、--_______ do you have to do after school?--Do my homework, of course. [单选题] *A. What(正确答案)B. WhenC. WhereD. How。