2020.01.03经济学人(附参考译文)

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第50天：经济学人

高斋资料班: 每日一段100字左右外刊经济学人英译汉来源：高斋翻译Joy老师(微博@高斋翻硕)修订后的经济学人译文原文：Panthera's idea is to replace panicky Zebu with cattle that stand their ground, or to interbreed the two. Esteban Payán, who directs Panthera's operations in northern South America, chose San Martineros, a little-known subspecies of Criollo cattle descended from Spanish fighting bulls. Few jaguars dare to challenge a massed group of 500kg (1,100-pound) San Martineros, their horns levelled. Docile with humans, they are fierce defenders of territory and their young.微博@高斋翻硕高斋翻译Joy老师(微博@高斋翻硕)的修订后的译文：潘瑟拉的想法是用能坚守阵地的牛替换容易受惊的瘤牛，或者让它们进行杂交。

埃斯特班·巴杨（Esteban Payán）负责潘瑟拉在南美洲北部的运营，他选择了圣马尔蒂内若斯牛，这种牛是鲜为人知的克里奥罗牛亚种，而克里奥罗牛是西班牙斗牛的后代。

少有美洲豹敢招惹一大群重500公斤（约1100磅）、双角呈水平状的圣马尔蒂内若斯牛。

它们驯服于人类，却会拼命保卫自己的领地及幼犊。

微博@高斋翻硕高斋翻译Joy老师(微博@高斋翻硕)：知识点1. panicky美[ˈpænɪkɪ] adj.恐慌的，易恐慌的;人心惶惶2. interbreed美[ˌɪntərˈbri:d] v.（使）异种交配，（使）混种，（使）杂种繁殖3. San Martineros：（西班牙语）圣马尔蒂内若斯牛，拉美的一种牛；4. subspecies美[ˈsʌbˌspiʃiz, -siz] （动植物的）亚种5. Criollo cattle：克里奥罗牛，拉美的一种牛6. descended from：起源于，是…的后裔7. fighting bulls：斗牛8. massed：成群的，聚集的，联合的9.horn美[hɔ:rn] n.角质;角，触角;号角，喇叭;10.level：vi.拉平; 保持水平；11.docile美[ˈdɑ:sl]: adj.温顺的;驯服的;易驾驭的;12.fierce美[fɪrs]:（人或动物）凶猛的，凶狠的，凶残的；（动作或情感）狂热的，强烈的，猛烈的；13.territory美[ˈterətɔ:ri] n.领地;领土，版图;领域，范围;高斋翻译Joy老师(微博@高斋翻硕)的翻译思维：1. that stand their ground是cattle 的定语从句，较短，可以提前翻译。

第19天：经济学人

高斋读书会: 每日一段100字左右外刊经济学人英译汉来源：高斋翻译Joy老师(微博@高斋翻硕)修订后的经济学人译文原文：To implement it he hired Miguel Zugaza, a shrewd manager, as director. Miguel Falomir, who was appointed as Mr Zugaza's successor on March 21st, inherits a Prado that is flourishing. It attracts 3m visitors a year. It has weathered state funding cuts: about 70% of its budget of 45 million euros ($49m) now comes from tickets, merchandising and sponsorship. Above all, the Prado has shed its provincialism. “It was very introverted,” says Mr Falomir, an expert on Titian. It used to mount exhibitions only of Spanish painting. 微博@高斋翻硕高斋翻译Joy老师(微博@高斋翻硕)的修订后的译文：为了实施这项法律/变革，他聘请了精明能干的经理米盖尔·苏加萨(Miguel Zugaza)担任馆长。

米盖尔·弗洛米尔（Miguel Falomir）于3月21日接替苏加萨担任博物馆馆长一职，接手了蓬勃发展的普拉多。

普拉多美术馆每年吸引三百万游客，经受住了国家经费削减的考验：普拉多总预算为4500万欧元（约合4900万美元），其中有70%来自门票和展销收益，以及赞助费。

经济学人中英文

考研英语外刊《经济学家》读译参考之五十六：新意－中国日益关注创新Something new新意(陈继龙编译)Aug 3rd 2006 | BEIJINGFrom The Economist print editionAFTER years of prospering as the world's workshop, China now wants to be its laboratory as well. “Innovation”has become a national buzzword[1], and Chinese leaders have been tossing it into their speeches since the beginning of the year, when President Hu Jintao started an ambitious campaign to drive China's economy further up the value chain. (1)True, new campaigns and catchphrases[2] are declared by the government and the Communist Party in China all the time, and mostly end up fizzling out[3] in puddles[4] of rhetoric. But there are signs that the government i_______①to back its innovation campaign with more than just words.中国作为“世界工场”，多年来发展蒸蒸日上，但现在它也希望成为“世界实验室”。

“创新”已经成为举国上下一个时髦词儿。

今年年初，胡锦涛主席启动了一项雄心勃勃的规划，旨在推动中国经济进一步与价值链接轨。

经济学人翻译

CONVIVIAL, and not averse to a drink, Nancy Wake could often be found cheering up a cocktail bar. In the late 1940s, and again towards the end of her life, it might have been the American Bar of the Stafford Hotel, just across the road from The Economist’s offices in London. In 1940, when she was living as a newlywed in Vichy France, it could have been another American Bar, this one in the Hôtel du Louvre et de la Paix in Marseilles. It was a chance encounter here with an English officer, interned by the French authorities but that day on parole, which led to her membership of the resistance, and then to her role as an agent of the British Special Operations Executive in occupied France. Of the 39 SOE women infiltrated into France, 11 of whom would die in concentration camps, she was perhaps the most redoubtable.南希•维克性格开朗，能喝善饮，鸡尾酒吧经常可以看到她惬意的身影。

第26天：经济学人

高斋读书会: 每日一段100字左右外刊经济学人英译汉来源：高斋翻译Joy老师(微博@高斋翻硕)修订后的经济学人译文原文：Non-white male workers spend an additional 1.1% of the day not working while on the job, or an extra five minutes per day.微博@高斋翻硕高斋翻译Joy老师(微博@高斋翻硕)的修订后的译文：有色人种的男性员工每天要多花 1.1%的工作时间用于做其他事，或者说每天要多浪费五分钟。

微博@高斋翻硕高斋翻译Joy老师(微博@高斋翻硕)：知识点有色人种一般被西方的种族主义者定义为除白人以外的所有人种，包括黑人、黄种人、拉丁裔，印度人，还有白人与其他种族混血人。

高斋翻译Joy老师(微博@高斋翻硕)的翻译思维：1. 1.1% of the day not working while on the job, or an extra five minutes per day：or连接就是用了不同的衡量数据，一个是百分比，一个是具体的多少minutes，比如我们说$3000 a month, or $100 per day. 翻译的时候需要把重复的还原了再翻译才意思完整：spend an additional an extra five minutes per day not working while on the job每天要多浪费（用浪费这个词就很好了）2. additional一般会翻译为副词，多。

所以整句的翻译还是要看你的汉语水平。

微博@高斋翻硕原文：Assuming their controls are adequate, that would still leave 90% of the wage difference between white workers and ethnic minorities, which was recently estimated to be 14%, unexplained.微博@高斋翻硕高斋翻译Joy老师(微博@高斋翻硕)的修订后的译文：目前，白人员工与少数族裔员工的工资差距估计为14%，假设影响他们收入的因素都差不多，那么二者工资差距其中有90%的原因是无法说清楚的。

《经济学人》ECO名人-人就一辈子100篇(中英版)41-50

TEXT 41The bane of Italy祸起意大利（陈继龙编译）Jun 29th 2006From The Economist print editionALEXANDER STILLE'S new book on Silvio Berlusconi, the flamboyant[1] former I talian prime minister, is neither a b________① nor a work of investigative journalism. Its real value is that it represents the firstattempt,in English at least, to recount in a readable fashion the story, not of Mr Berlusconi himself, but ofBerlusconi-ism.（1）That gives it a wide appeal, for, as its author argues persuasively, Berlusconi-ism is the extrapolation[2] to grotesque[3] extremes of a phenomenon that has gradually, and all too imperceptibly, become widespread.亚历山大·斯蒂莱的新作写的是个性张扬的意大利前任总理西尔维奥·贝鲁斯科尼，但它并非是一本传记，也不是新闻调查作品。

其真正的价值在于，它首次尝试以一种可读性较强的风格，记述了“贝鲁斯科尼主义”而不是贝鲁斯科尼的生平。

这也是本书独具魅力之所在，因为诚如作者很有说服力地论证的那样，“贝鲁斯科尼主义”是对某种现象怪诞至极时的推论，这种现象日趋普遍而所有人却都浑然不觉。

第63天：经济学人

高斋资料班: 每日一段100字左右外刊经济学人英译汉来源：高斋翻译Joy老师(微博@高斋翻硕)修订后的经济学人译文Finance and economics: The economics of generosityThe kindness of neighbours财经：慷慨经济学邻居的善意原文：A new paper asks why some Tanzanian farmers are more selfish than others. In the semi-arid lowlands of Mufindi, in southern Tanzania, water is hard to come by. Villagers rely on irrigation to grow maize, potatoes and spinach. Informal and often woolly codes govern how much water each farmer diverts to their own fields, and how much they leave for their neighbours downstream. Some farmers, naturally, turn out to be more grasping than others.微博@高斋翻硕高斋翻译Joy老师(微博@高斋翻硕)的修订后的译文：最新一篇文章提出为什么一些坦桑尼亚农民比其他人自私。

位于坦桑尼亚南部的姆芬迪低地属半干旱气候，水资源匮乏。

村民依靠灌溉种植玉米、土豆和菠菜。

农民自家地用多少水，给下游乡亲留多少水，都没有官方明确的标准。

一些村民自然就表现出比其他人更为贪婪的本性。

微博@高斋翻硕高斋翻译Joy老师(微博@高斋翻硕)：知识点1. paper：这里是论文的意思；2.Tanzanian美[ˌtænzə'ni:ən] adj.坦桑尼亚的；坦桑尼亚位于非洲东部，是联合国宣布的世界最不发达国家之一。

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Alcohol and health
酒精和健康
A sober brawl
清醒的打击
Alcohol firms promote moderate drinking,but it would ruin them
酒类公司提倡适度饮酒，但这会毁了它们
OF ALL THE substances people intoxicate themselves with,alcohol is the least restricted and causes the most harm.Many illegal drugs are more dangerous to those who use them,but are relatively hard to obtain,which limits their impact.In contrast,alcohol is omnipresent,so far more people suffer from its adverse effects.In2010a group of drug experts scored the total harm in Britain caused by20common intoxicants and concluded that alcohol inflicted the greatest cost,mostly because of the damage it does to
non-consumers such as the victims of drunk drivers.
在所有致醉物质中，酒精受到的限制最少，造成的危害最大。

许多非法药物对使用者更危险，但相对较难获得，影响因而受限。

相比之下，酒精无处不在，受其负面作用影响的人也就多得多。

2010年，一组药物专家评估了最常见的20种麻醉品在英国造成的总伤害，得出的结论是酒精造成的损失最大，主要是因为它对非饮酒人造成的伤害，比如酒驾事故的受害者。

No Western country has banned alcohol since America repealed Prohibition in1933.It is popular and easy to produce.Making it illegal enriches criminals and starts turf wars.In recent years governments have begun legalising other drugs.Instead,to limit the harm caused by alcohol,states have tried to dissuade people from drinking,using taxes, awareness campaigns and limits on where,when and to whom booze is sold.
自1933年美国废除禁酒令以来，没有一个西方国家禁酒。

酒既受欢迎又容易生产。

把它定为非法只会养肥罪犯，引发地盘之争。

近年来，各国政府已开始将其他药物合法化。

而为了限制酒精带来的危害，各国尝试通过征税、开展宣传活动以及限制酒的销售地点、时间和对象来劝阻人们不要喝酒。

The alcohol industry has pitched itself as part of the solution.In Britain more than100 producers and retailers have signed a“responsibility deal”and promised to“help people
to drink within guidelines”,mostly by buying ads promoting moderation.However,if these campaigns were effective,they would ruin their sponsors’finances.According to researchers from the Institute of Alcohol Studies,a think-tank,and the University of Sheffield,some two-fifths of alcohol consumed in Britain is in excess of the recommended weekly maximum of14units(about one glass of wine per day).Industry executives say they want the public to“drink less,but drink better”,meaning fewer,fancier tipples.But people would need to pay22-98%more per drink to make up for the revenue loss that such a steep drop in consumption would cause.
酒类行业将自己塑造成解决方案的一部分。

在英国，一百多家生产商和零售商签署了一项“责任书”，承诺“帮助人们按指导方针饮酒”，主要是通过发布宣传适度饮酒的广告。

但是，如果这些活动真的奏效，它们会损害赞助商的收入。

据智库酒精研究所（Institute of Alcohol Studies）和谢菲尔德大学的研究人员所述，英国人喝掉的酒有约五分之二属于超出推荐饮酒量的部分——推荐饮酒量为每周不超过14个单位（大约相当于每天一杯葡萄酒）。

酒业
高管说，他们希望公众“少喝酒，喝好酒“，也就是说喝少点、喝贵点。

但是，若要弥补消费如此急剧下降而损失的收入，需要人们为每一杯酒多花22%到98%的钱。

Health officials have taken note of such arithmetic.Some now wonder if Big Booze is sincere in its efforts to discourage boozing.In2018America’s National Institutes of Health stopped a$100m study of moderate drinking,which was partly funded by alcohol firms, because its design was biased in their products’favour.And this year the World Health Organisation and England’s public-health authority banned their staff from working with the industry.
卫生部门的官员已经觉察到了这笔帐。

有些人现在怀疑酒业巨头是否真的在努力阻止人们酗酒。

2018年美国国立卫生研究院（National Institutes of Health）停止了一项耗资1亿美元、由酒类公司提供部分资金的适度饮酒研究，因为研究的设计偏袒这些公司的产品。

今年世界卫生组织和英格兰的公共卫生部门已禁止雇员与酒业合作。

Producers are ready to fend off regulators.In1999alcohol firms invested half as much on lobbying in America as tobacco firms did.Today they spend31%more.
生产商已准备好抵挡监管机构的进攻。

1999年，酒类公司在美国的游说投入是烟草公司的一半。

现在它们在这方面的花费比烟草公司多31%。