河海大学《材料力学》期作业题解作业版

河海大学《材料力学》期作业题解作业版
河海大学《材料力学》期作业题解作业版

河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示)unit8isaraceofrobotspossib

A good many technical people become irate when you call a computer a giant brain.They insist t hat a computer does only what thinking humans have planned to have it do.假如你把计算机称为巨人脑,许多技术人员会感到气愤。他们坚持认为,计算机只不过是做有思维的人类安排它做的事情罢了 Yet one authority states categorically,"A machine can handle information;it can calculate,conclu de,and choose;it can perform reasonable operations with information.A machine,therefore,ca n think.Famed mathematician Norbert Wiener,of MIT,envisions a machine that can learn and wi ll"in no way be obliged to make such decisions as we should have made,or will be acceptable to us."Evidently,he thinks machines can think.不过,一位权威人士明确地说:“机器能处理信息,能进行计算、做出决定和选择,能利用信息从事各种合理的工作,因此,机器能够思维。”麻省理工学院著名的数学家诺伯特·威纳做出展望认为,机器能学习,它“决不会被迫做出我们必须作的决定,或是迎合我们。”显然,他认为机器能够思维 There is a popular anecdote about a computer programmer who,just for a lark,spent days settin g up the machine to destroy itself,then watched delightedly as the computer dutifully proceeded to commit suicide.If that machine could have thought,would it not have circumvented him?一个有关一位计算机程序设计员的轶事广为流传。这位程序设计员只是为了取乐,花了几天的时间,装了一台毁灭机器自身的机器,然后兴高采烈地观看这台计算机忠实地自杀,那台计算机假如能够思维的话,难道不会用谋略去战胜他吗 To me the controversy boils down to a definition of the word think.There is no area in physiology that is less understood than the human brain.Practically all that is known is that the brain contai ns some ten billion tiny cells called neurons.对我来说,这场争论归根结底就是对“思维”一词如何下定义。从生理学的角度看,没有哪个领域比人脑了解得更少的了。实际上我们所知道的只是大脑约含有100亿个称为神经原的微小细胞 Apparently neurons are elementary memory units,capable of storing the same kind of informatio n"bits"that a machine can store.The completely materialistic view is that neurons,along with an extraordinary network of nerve-communication lines,comprise all that is to the brain.But such a n explanation fails to account for how the brain originates thought.很显然,神经原是基本的记忆单位,能储存的信息“块”种类与机器是相等的。彻底唯物的观点是,大脑是由神经原与一个特殊的神经通讯网共同组成的。但这一解释并没有说明大脑是如何产生思维的Probably the clearest differentiation between man and machine is a quantitative one.The brain h as roughly a million times as many components as the best computer.On the other hand,the diff erence may lie in a spiritual factor,embraced by religion.At any rate,a machine cannot exercise f ree will or originate anything-not yet.Whether it ever will is still an open argument.人和机器之间最明显的区别大概是量的不同。人脑的组成元件大约是最好的计算机的100万倍。从另一个方面来说,区别也许在于宗教所能接受的某精神因素。不管怎样,机器不能行使自由意志或创造任何东西——现在还不能。将来是否可以尚存争议 Computers can already do a lot of surprising things,which include predicting the weather.The m achine is able to make forecasts by assimilating vast quantities of data,but this,as well as most of the other tasks now performed by the thinking machines,is routine,requiring thinking of a very l ow order.Let us see what happens when we go beyond this step.计算机已经能做许多令人吃惊的事,其中包括预报天气。它可以接收大量的数据、并以此做出预报,但与思维机器现在所完成的大多数别的工作一样,这只是它的日常工作,只需要低思维层次。我们跨越这一步后,再看看会出现什么情况吧 A great many outstanding men are preoccupied with computers that do nonnumerical work:that

2015年河海大学研究生英语一Unit1GhostsforTea(精)

Unit 1 Ghosts for T ea ' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope. 'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935.' “十便士看海湾风光。”那个带着望远镜的老头说道。 “多么晴朗美丽的早晨。来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年大海难的遗迹吧!” Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent. 十便士是纯粹的抢劫,可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。 Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unr olling on to the beach, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and do dging gracefully on the sea . Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one ano ther as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse sto od on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the light house, the man beside me tapped my wrist. 峭壁伸展向远处,海风激起的波浪闪耀着铺展在沙滩上,海面上几艘游艇伴着乳白色风帆优雅地弯成弧形避开。天空下方,一群海鸥在一只只的叫唤着,侧身滑过水面。离岸一英里处,在海浪贪婪地拍打的岩石上,那座古老的灯塔矗立在一石头平台上。的确我决不会吝惜钱。当我把望远镜对准灯塔时,我身旁的那个老头拍了拍我的手腕。 ' Have you heard about the terrible tragedy that occurred there in that lighthouse? ' he asked in a hushed whisper.

河海大学2005-2006学年第二学期水力学期末试卷(A卷)

2005-2006学年第二学期水力学期末试卷(A卷) (水文、给排水、环工、资环04级、资环03级) 班级学号姓名成绩 一.是非题(每小题1分,共10分) 1.水流在边壁处的流速为零,因此该处的流速梯度为零。 ( ) 2.水力坡度就是单位长度流程上的水头损失。 ( ) 3.在恒定紊流中时均流速不随时间变化。 ( ) 4.不论平面在静止液体内如何放置,其静水总压力的作用点永远在平面形心之下。()5.同一种管径和粗糙度的管道,雷诺数不同时,可以在管中形成紊流光滑区、粗糙区或过渡粗糙区。()6.恒定总流的总水头线沿流程下降,而测压管水头线沿程可升可降。 ( ) 7.只要下游水位高于堰顶,一定是堰的淹没出流。 ( ) 8.棱柱形明渠中形成M3 型水面曲线时,其断面单位能量E s 沿程增大。( ) 9.如果两个液流中作用于相应点上的相同性质的力的大小成一定比例,则两个液流就是动力相似的。()10.渐变无压渗流中任意过水断面各点的渗流流速相等,且等于断面平均流速。 ( ) 二.单项选择题(每小题2分,共20分) 1.已知水流某处的绝对压强值为2.94N/cm 2,当地大气压强为10 米水柱高,则该处真空度是() (1) 3m (2) 7m (3) 2.94m (4) 没有真空 2.在恒定流中 ( ) (1)流线一定互相平行 (2)断面平均流速必定沿程不变 (3)不同瞬时流线有可能相交 (4)同一点处不同时刻的动水压强相等 3.紊流过渡粗糙区的沿程水头损失系数λ ( ) (1) 只与雷诺数有关 (2) 只与相对粗糙度有关 (3) 只与绝对粗糙度有关 (4) 与相对粗糙度和雷诺数有关 4.按普朗特动量传递理论,紊流的断面流速分布规律符合() (1)对数分布(2)椭圆分布(3)抛物线分布(4)直线分布。 5.陡坡渠道上如发生非均匀流 ( ) (1) 一定是急流 (2) 一定是缓流 (3) 可以是缓流或急流 (4) 一定是渐变流 6.矩形断面渠道的均匀流,若断面单位能量与水深之比E s/h =2。则水流为() (1)急流 (2)缓流 (3)临界流 (4) 急变流 共5页第1页

信息检索作业

信息检索 学院机电工程学院________ 专业机械制造及其自动化 学生姓名___________ 李海龙____________ 学号152080201016 _____________

1.写出目前我国国内的主要文献传递服务机构,阐述其主要特点及功能。 (1)中国高等教育文献保障系统(CALIS),中国高等教育文献保障系统(China Academic Library & Information System,简称CALIS),是经国务院批准的我国高等教育“ 211工程”“九五” “十五”总体规划中三个公共服务体系之一。CALIS的宗旨是,在教育部的领导下,把国家的投资、现代图书馆理念、先进的技术手段、高校丰富的文献资源和人力资源整合起来,建设以中国高等教育数字图书馆为核心的教育文献联合保障体系,实现信息资源共建、共知、共享,以发挥最大的社会效益和经济效益,为中国的高等教育服务。 特点:CALIS采用的分布式文献服务传递,CALIS管理中心设在北京大学,下设了文理、工程、农学、医学四个全国文献信息服务中心,华东北、华东南、华中、华南、西北、西南、东北七个地区文献信息服务中心和一个东北地区国防文献信息服务中心。 (2)国家科技图书文献中心(NSTL,国家科技图书文献中心(NSTL 是根据国务院领导的批示于2000年6月12日组建的一个虚拟的科技文献信息服务机构,成员单位包括中国科学院文献情报中心、工程技术图书馆(中国科学技术信息研究所、机械工业信息研究院、冶金工业信息标准研究院、中国化工信息中心)、中国农业科学院图书馆、中国医学科学院图书馆。网上共建单位包括中国标准化研究院和中国计量科学研究院。中心设办公室,负责科技文献信息资源共建共享工作的组织、协调与管理。

河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示,)Unit 4 Explicit and Implicit Moral Education

Imagine a guardsman, from the moment he falls in on parade in the morning until the moment th e parade is dismissed, every conscious action he makes is predetermined and controlled. If inadv ertently he does something that is not in the schedule, such as drop his rifle, he has to cover up t he accident by pretending to faint. To do anything other than conform might show originality and inventiveness, but from the point of view of military ethos(风气,社会思潮) would be immoral. 想象一下,一个卫士,从他早上在阅兵仪式的那一刻起直到游行解解散的那一刻,他的每一个有意识的动作都是受预定和控制的。如果他无意间做了什么计划外的事情,比如像掉了他的步枪,他不得不假装晕倒来掩盖事故。做除了承认以外的任何事情都可以展示出独创性和创造性,但是从军事风气的角度来看可能是不道德的。 That is an example of a thorough-going explicit moral system. In it actions are rigidly divided into right ones and wrong ones, permitted ones and non-permitted ones, and everyone involved acce pts this without question; and to train a participant in such a system is an explicit matter, and the simplest form of behaviour training, provided the learners acknowledge the teacher as an unques tionable authority who knows exactly what moral behaviour is. 这是一个彻底的显性道德体系的例子。它的行动被严格分为正确的和错误的,允许的和不准许的,并且体系内的人接受这个没有问题,并且培养在这样的系统中的参与者是一个明确的事情,,最简单的行为训练的形式,倘若学习者承认教师作为一个不容置疑的权威,明确分辨道德行为与否。Consider the same guardsman in the evening, in a tavern with a girl. His behaviour is not so rigor ously controlled, and he has many choices of action, many decisions to make. In that case, all sort s of pressures are influencing his choice of actions. What his peer group does, what is the custom at the moment in that area, what he thinks the girlfriend will accept or expect, maybe the sort of lifestyle he has seen displayed in television plays, the things he has read about in the papers, thes e are all contributing to his decisions. He has not been instructed explicitly, as in the morning, but he has had a much more diffuse implicit training in behaviour, derived from many sources.考虑同样的卫士,在晚上,同一个女孩在一个小酒馆。他的行为是不那么严格的受控制,他的行动有很多选择,很多决定去下。在这种情况下,各种压力都会影响他的行动选择。他的同龄人做的,此刻在此方面的习惯,他认为的这个女性朋友会接受或者拒绝的,或者他在电视上看到的生活方式,书上读到的故事,这些都有助于他的决定。同早上比,他没有被明确指示,但是他有一个更加扩散的隐性训练行为,来自多种来源。 These, then, are the two forms of education available to those who wish to influence others' mor als - the explicit instruction and the implicit influence of surrounding behaviour. Which do we use with school pupils, or do we perhaps need to make use of each at different times? Above, in desc ribing the morning parade morals of the guardsman, it was pointed out that explicit instruction d epended on the learner's acceptance of the authority of the instructor. Without that acceptance t he system breaks down. While to the same guardsman in the evening, in a tavern with a girl, such explicit moral exhortation would probably have little effect, because the speaker is not regarded as an authority, but rather as a crank. This illustrates the impossibility of having explicit moral edu cation unless all concerned have agreed on the fundamental principles, and on who has the right to expound them and say how they apply in practice. Where you have a society or an organizatio n in which such accord is possible, then behaviour is determined and can be the subject of explici t instruction.那么,明确的指导和周围环境的隐性影响是两种有效的教育模式对那些想要影响他人道德的人来说。我们用哪一种当面对学校学生是,或在不同时刻我们用每一个。上面,在描述上午游行的卫兵的道德时,指出显性指导依赖于学习者对指导者权威的承认。如果不承认系统就崩溃了。而相同的卫兵在晚上,在酒2013年ACCA/CAT考试全攻略每日一练历年

信息检索考核

考前注意事项: ●试卷统一用A4纸打印后交给任课老师。 ●试题中的题录保存统一按以下标准格式著录: 1.期刊论文格式 主要责任者.文献题名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码. 如:袁庆龙,候文义.Ni-P合金镀层组织形貌及显微硬度研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2001,32(1):51-53 2.学位论文格式 主要责任者.文献题名[D].保存地:保存单位,年份 如:张和生.地质力学系统理论[D].太原:太原理工大学,1998 3. 图书格式 主要责任者.书名.出版地:出版者,出版年 如:刘国钧,郑如斯.中国书的故事.北京:中国青年出版社,1979 ●拷贝屏幕的操作如下:点击键盘Print Screen键,或者用 CTRL+ALT+A三键进行截屏,在题目结尾处点击鼠标右键粘帖界面即可。屏幕图可适当缩小。

2011-2012第二学期 《文献信息检索与利用》考核题 姓名:高翔 学号: 20100801310121 学院:食品学院 年级: 2010级 专业:科学与工程五班 任课老师:邓玲 成绩:

一、自拟一道与本专业有关的检索课题进行检索,至少应包括两 个以上的主题。(温馨提示:自拟的题目不能和其他同学重复,主 题重复,试卷退回重做或做不及格处理。) 题目:采用GC法分析苦丁茶中可溶性单糖的研究 (如:检索2005—2009年有关计算机图像处理软件方面的信息) 1、使用CNKI数据库、重庆维普期刊数据库或者万方数据资源系统检索与课 题密切相关学术论文,写出检索词、检索式(检索式包括检索词、检索途径、检 索词之间的逻辑关系)、检出的结果数,保存三条记录的题录。(20分) 选择的检索工具: CNKI数据库 检索词: GC法、苦丁茶、可溶性单糖 检索式:主题=GC法 and 主题=苦丁茶 or 主题=可溶性单糖 (如:题名=计算机 * 题名=图像 * 题名=处理) 检出结果数: 12条结果 三条记录: a.姜波,关紫烽,白松涛,范圣第. 采用GC法分析苦丁茶中可溶性 单糖的研究[J]. 茶叶科学,2006-09-15 b.刘莉,李清,陈晓辉等. GC法同时测定粗壮女贞苦丁茶中四种挥 发性成分[J]. 中成药,2011-06-20 c.姜波,刘长建,成建立等. 毛细管柱气相色谱法测定银杏叶中可溶 性单糖[J], 理论检验(化学分册),2009-02-18

河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示,特殊单词有注释)Unit 1 Ghosts for Tea

' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope. 'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck o f 1935.' 十便士看一次海湾风光,”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道:“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。” Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent. 要十便士简直是敲诈勒索,可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。 Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the b each, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea . Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were b eing greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the teles cope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist. 峭壁向远方伸展,海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花,冲上海滩。海面上几艘游艇张着乳白色的风帆优雅地避开浪头蜿蜓前进。山崖下面,一群海鸥相互叫唤着,在海面上盘旋飞翔。离岸一英里处,在海浪贪婪地吮舔着的岩岸上,那座古老的灯塔矗立在一座石头平台上。说实话,我毫不吝惜那几个钱。当我把望远镜转朝灯塔时,站在我身旁的那个老头拍了拍我的手腕。' Have you heard about the terrible tragedy that occurred there in that lighthouse?' he asked in a hushed whisper. 'I imagine there may be plenty of legends attached to such a dramatic-looking place' , I suggested . “您听过在那座灯塔里发生的一起骇人听闻的惨案吗?”他压低了嗓声对我说。“我想这个地方看起来非常富有戏剧性,有关它的传说一定不少,”我说。 'It's no legend' , declared the old man.'My father knew the two men involved. It all took place fift y years ago to-day. Let me tell you. His voice seemed to grow deeper and more dramatic. “这可不是传说,”那老头郑重其事地说。“我父亲认识那起惨案的两个当事人。一切都发生在50年前的今天。让我说给您听听吧。” 他的声音似乎变得更低沉、更富有戏剧性了。 'For a whole week that lighthouse had been isolated by storms' , he began, 'with terrifying seas s urging and crashing over the rocks. People on shore were anxious about the two men working th ere. They'd been on the best of terms until two or three weeks before, when they had quarrelled over cards in the village inn. Martin had accused Blake of cheating. Blake had vowed to avenge th e insult to his honour. But thanks to the wise advice of a man they both respected, they apologise d to each other, and soon seemed to have got over their disagreement. But some slight resentme nt and bitterness remained. and it was feared that the strain of continued isolation and rough we ather might affect their nerves, though, needless to say, their friends had no idea how serious the consequences would be. “整整一个礼拜,风暴困住了那座灯塔,”他开始说。 “咆啸的大海波涛汹涌,海浪拍打着岩石,轰然作响。岸上的人们十分担心在那儿工作的两个人。他们俩是多年的挚友,但在两三个礼拜前,他们在乡村酒店里玩牌时吵了一架。马丁指责布莱克打牌时耍赖,布莱克则发誓要对侮辱他人格的不实之辞进行报复。多亏一位他们俩都尊敬的人好言相劝,他们才互相道了歉,并以乎很快地结束了他们之间的不快。不过各自心里还有些怨恨。因此,人们担心长时间与世隔绝所造成的极度紧张和恶劣的天气会使

智慧树,知到 文献信息检索与利用(海南联盟)章节测试【完整答案】

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