李观仪新编英语教程第五册unit 8 why nothing works
新编英语教程5Unit1-8课文及译文参考
Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective（模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。
新编英语教程 第五册教案 PPT1-10单元
Unit OneTEXT I Hit the Nail on the Head(恰到好处；一语中的）•III. Library Work•1. 1) Gustave Flaubert (1821 –1880), French novelist, was associated with, though not representative of, the movement of naturalism and known as one of the greatest realists of 19th-century France. He devoted his life to long hours spent in heavy toil over his work. His writing is marked by exactness and accuracy of observation, extreme impersonality and objectivity of treatment, and precision and expressiveness in style, or the principle of the mot juste.•1. 2) Mrs. Malaprop is a famous character in Sheridan’s comedy The Rivals(1775). She is noted for her blunders in the use of words. ―As headstrong（不受管束的）as an allegory（比方；寓言）(alligator) on the banks of the Nile‖ is one of her grotesque（荒唐的）misapplications. She also requests that no delusions（欺骗;迷惑）(allusions) to the past be made. She has given us the word malapropism（用词错误，尤指误用发音相似而意义全非的词）as a name for such mistakes. •2. Hindi（印地语）is a literary and official language of northern India. Swahili（斯瓦希里语）is a Bantu（班图) language that is a trade and governmental language over much of East Africa and in the Congo region. Bantus are people belonging to a group of tribes found in equatorial and southern Africa.•IV. Organization of the Text•1. An analogy between the unskilled use of the hammer and the improper choice of words (Paragraph 1)•2. The significance of finding the right words (Paragraphs 2 --- 3)•3. Semantic differences between words having the same root (Paragraphs 4 --- 7) •(1). Example 1 (human vs. humane) (Paragraph 4)•(2). Example 2 (anxiety vs. eagerness) (Paragraph 5)•(3). Example 3 (singularity vs. singleness) (Paragraphs 6 – 7)•4. Wrong choice of words caused by failure to recognize their connotations (Paragraph 8) •Examples: imprison, contain, sum up, epitomize and distill•5. Stylistic differences between synonyms (Paragraph 9)•Examples: in my childhood vs. when I was a child; love to watch vs. love watching; die vs. expire; poor vs. in indigent circum-stances•6. The abundance of specific words in English for general notions (Paragraph 10)•7. Conclusion (Paragraph 11): the importance of a good control and command over known words (A good writer is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the word that will hit the nail cleanly on the head. )•V. Key Points of the Text•Paragraph 1•knock over: hit … to fall 捶翻•drive something home: force (the nail) into the right place; make something unmistakably clear 把（钉子等）打入；使明确无误•E.g. (1). He slammed the door and drove the bolt home. 他砰地关上门，把门闩插好。
Unit李观仪新编英语教程第三第五册
➢ you me you me. 彼此彼此
❖
Warm-up questions
1. Does the title strike you as a bit unusual?
2. Have you ever heard of the English proverb “Hit the nail on the head”? What does it mean?
Denotative meaning
❖ [+HUMAN +ADULT +MALE]---- man ❖ [+HUMAN +ADULT –MALE]---- women ❖ [+HUMAN –ADULT +FEMAL]---- girl ❖ Boy ----[+HUMAN –ADULT +MALE] ❖ Bull ----[–HUMAN +ADULT +MALE]
3. Whose job involves hitting nails? Is the text concerned about the carpenter? Then, what’s the major concern of the author? （ stylistic matter, how to choose the right word from the extensive vocabulary of the English language ）
❖ (The author advises that the English students should try to get the words, phrases and sentences completely right for their purposes in their writing.)
新编英语教程5课文翻译(unit1_15)
Unit 1 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective（模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
(完整word版)新编英语教程5(1-12)课文翻译.docx
Unit 1恰到好处你一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上子？只他左敲敲，右敲敲，不准会将整个子翻，果敲来敲去到来只敲了半截。
而熟的木匠就不么干。
他每敲一下都会巧妙地正着落下去，一到底。
言也是如此。
一位秀的家造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的点。
差不多的，不准确的短，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修，都无法使一位追求真英的作家意。
他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的。
法国人有一个很切的短来表达一个意思，即“ le mot juste”, 恰到好的。
有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人事，比如福楼拜常花几天的力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无。
在浩瀚的海中，与之有着微妙的区，要找到能恰如其分表达我意思的非易事。
不是扎的言功底和相当大的量的，需要人尽汁，要察敏。
是程的一个步，也是描述我的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和者深刻理解的一个。
有人：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？” 听起来似乎很离，但它确很有道理。
找恰如其分的的确是件不容易的事。
一旦找到了那个，我就会感到很欣慰：辛得到了回。
准确地用言有助于我深入了解我描述的事物。
例如，当有人你：“某某是怎么的人？”你回答：“恩，我想他是个不的家伙，但他非常⋯⋯”接着你犹豫了，找到一个或短来明他到底在哪里。
当你找到一个恰当的短的候，你自己他的看法更清楚，也更精确了。
一些英根相同而意却截然不同。
例如human 和 humane, 二者的根相同，也相关，但用法完全不同。
“human action (人行 ) ”和“ humane action( 人道行 ) ”完全是两事。
我不能“人道力宣言”，而是“人宣言”。
有一种屠工具叫“ humane killer (麻醉屠宰机 ) ，而不是 human killer (人机器 ) 。
言中的坏手的例子在我身随可。
有人邀一名学生去吃，他写信予回复。
看他的信是尾的：“我将很高赴并不安（anxiety）期待着那个日子的到来。
”“ Anxiety ”含有和恐惧的意味。
练习册翻译答案新编英语教程5第三版
练习册翻译答案新编英语教程5第三版第一篇：练习册翻译答案新编英语教程5 第三版Unit One1.在举出许多事实并列出一些统计数字后，他终于把他的论点说清楚了。
(drive sth.home)After citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove home his point.2.差不多花了半年功夫，我们才完成了那个研究项目。
(more or less)It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project.3.他说的话如此微妙，我们很难理解他的真实意图。
(subtle)What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention.4.他的新书一针见血地审视了当代的社会问题。
(squarely)His new book looks squarely at the contemporary social problems.5.今日的年轻一代对互联网上的最新信息很关注。
(be alive to)The younger generation today are very much alive to the latest information found on the Internet.6.外语是不是在童年更容易学好？这是一个观点问题。
(a matter of)It is a matter of opinion whether a foreign language is more easily learned in one’s childhood or otherwise.7.在挫折面前千万不要丧失信心；鼓起勇气坚定不移地去克服它。
新编英语教程第五册Unit 8(有备注)
Much
of human existence consists of efforts [aimed at (making sure that <things don‟t go wrong, fall apart, break down, or stop running until a decent interval has elapsed after their manufacture.>)]
What
role does Murphy‟s law play in this article?
Main The
idea
author raises the topic of shoddy goods problem by referring to Murphy‟s law and the inference from it, thus leading to the argument of whether technology or human input plays a decisive role in quality control.
savant:
a person having great knowledge of some subject 专家，学者，博学之士
corollary:
an idea, an argument, or a fact that naturally follows something else 必然的结果， 自然的结果
The
original Murphy„s law reads: If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of those ways can result in a catastrophe (大灾难), then someone will do it.
李观仪《新编英语教程》第5册 UNIT8
2. forestall v [T] to prevent or defeat sb. by acting first e.g. The police forestalled the burglar’s attempt to break into the jeweller’s. Gero urged reforms in order to forestall trouble. 杰 罗督促进行改革以防止出现麻烦. Labour and management agreed on a temporary settlement, thereby forestalling a strike.
Eskimo skin boat
A Mongoloid people who live in the Arctic and Subarctic regions of North America and Northeastern Asia. They are found in Alaska, Northern Canada, Greenland, and northeastern Siberia. The Eskimo skin boat is a one-man skin canoe and is called a kayak. Traditionally, nearly all parts of animals killed by the Eskimo were used. Eskimo clothing was made from skins of birds and animals (seal, caribou(北美驯鹿), and polar bear). Sewn with sinew thread and bone needles, hooded jackets, pants, and waterproof boots were well adapted to cold and wet climatic conditions. Skins were also processed into tents and boats, and bones were made into weapons.
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• synonym: initiate, learned person, pundit
• 2. corolቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱary (l.2)---an immediate inference from a proved proposition推论
• Neither of them know about it, and the corollary of that is that someone else revealed the secret.
• Additional forms of Murphy’s Law include: • To know yourself is the ultimate aggression • Friends come and go, but enemies accumulate. • If you’re feeling good, don’t worry, you’ll soon
Unit 8
Why Nothing Works
by Marvin Harris
Maggie Yuan
About the title
The title: Why--- causes
•
Nothing works----effects （functions)
• The meaning of the title: What causes things to go
• Most scientists regard it as silly nonsense. But one who doesn't is Robert Matthews. Since the mid1990s, he has discovered that many cases of Murphy's Law really can be explained by serious scientific principles.
• From 1980 until 2000, he held a graduate research professorship at the University of Florida.
Murphy’s Law
• Murphy's law is a popular adage in Western culture, which roughly states that things will go wrong in a technical system. It is often roughly stated as "if anything can go wrong, it will", though this is in fact Finagle's law.
• 他们两人并不知道这回事，因此一定是另外有 人泄露了秘密
• 3. forestall (l.7)
• 词形变化:名词:forestaller 动词过去式:forestalled 过去分 词:forestalled 现在分词:forestalling 第三人称单数:forestalls 例句与用法:
wrong so quickly and easily?
Marvin Harris (1927 - 2001)
• Dr. Harris, who called his approach "cultural materialism," was an anthropology professor at Columbia University from 1953 until 1980, including three years as department chairman.
Murphy’s Law
• Murphy's Law has been blamed for a host of everyday annoyances, from why our queue in the supermarket is so often the slowest-moving, to why it usually rains when we decide to leave our umbrella at home.
• The original Murphy's law reads: If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of those ways can result in a catastrophe, then someone will do it.
• Some possible causes of an object's failure to work: mishandling, overuse, faulty parts, faulty workmanship, fake product, inferior quality
Dictionary work
get over it. • A short cut is the longest distance between two
points. • The other line always moves faster. • All warranties expire up on payment of invoice. • You will always find something in the last place
you look.
Pre-reading questions
• Have you got anything, say, a fountain pen, a MP3, or a cellphone, which goes out of order or fails to work? Do you ever ask why it doesn’t work? What are the possible causes?