第八讲课前准备：修辞与翻译
修辞与翻译PPT课件
• Ｂ：明喻又称 “显比”，“直喻”，“明比”，是 一种十分明显的比喻。明喻是本体 ，喻体 ，比喻词 都要出现的比喻 。本体与喻体之间在形式上具有非 常明显的相似 （或相类） 关系。 它的形式就是 ：
A 象 B。
• Similes in the Chinese language can usually be rendered by words like “象 ,好象,似 ,好似 ,如 ,如同 , 仿佛 ,犹如, 宛如 ,象 …一样(似的, 一般)”。
•
如今你看他们又结实又胖，脸上红扑扑的。
• Every bean has its black.
•
人皆有短处。
• The best is the enemy of Don’t trust him. He is an ambulance chaser. • 不要相信他，他是个惟利是图的人。
like a fowl and then went on walloping and kicking
him again till his nose and mouth were a bloody pulp.
• Today you see them bouncing, buxom, red as cherries.
• She had as high an opinion of herself as if she were a goddess, and treated like dirt.
• 接着他们用绳子五花大绑,把节振德捆得象个粽子似 的,又是一阵拳打脚踢。
• They give him a good cuff and kick, trusses him up
都有。
• Advice and correction roll off him like water off a
英汉翻译教案第八章修辞
Many eyes turned to a tall,20—year black girl on the U.S. team.
很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。
transferred epithet
•把本来应该用于修饰甲事物的定语移去修饰乙事物。巧妙地运用这种修辞手法能收到出人意料、引人入胜之功效。这种修辞手法能与汉语中的移就基本相似。
metaphor
•Experience is the mother of wisdom .
•经验是智慧之母。
Allusion
•Allusion与汉语的暗引相近似。其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些渊源流长的谚语、格言等。
Antithesis
•用平行或者对称的结构来表现两种相反的意思，使二者相互衬托、鲜明突出。
•The strong economies have to be kept strong and vigorous at the same time as the weak economies are being strengthened. We can all swim well together, but we can also all sink together.
anastrophe
•改变正常的主、谓、宾的位置，采用倒装结构，借以承接上文、调和韵律、强调语意或是使语言和谐悦耳。这种修辞手法与汉语的倒装相对应。
•Up went the balloon into the cloudless sky.
第8课 修辞格的翻译
樱花红陌上，柳叶绿池边。 （《周恩来诗选<春日偶成>》 The pathways red with cherry blossoms; The lakeside green with willow leaves.
2.4 设问（ question and answer)
设问就是用自问自答的形式来达到增强语 气、吸引注意力的效果，并可以起到承上 启下的作用，常用直译。例如： 1 ） Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 2) To what is the increase of population? In part, I suppose, to a general increase in prosperity. 3) 既然小李已经向他道歉，他应该怎么做 呢？当然是原谅小李了。
2.1 Repetition
根据表达的需要，重复使用同一语句或词语的 修辞手法叫反复。可以突出感情，分清层次， 增添旋律美，加强节奏感。 April, April, Laugh thy girlish laughter. (W. Watson) 四月呀四月， 笑吧，姑娘般地笑吧。 A thin man in a thin overcoat watched them out of thin, emotionless eyes. 一个骨瘦如柴、衣服单薄、双目失神的男子注 视着他们。
Wherefore feed, and clothe, and save, From the cradle to the grave, Those ungrateful drones who would Drain your sweat—nay, drink your blood? —Song to the men of England Percy Bysshe Shelly
修辞格与翻译PPT课件
❖As close as an oyster 守口如瓶
❖As sure as a gun
千真万确
❖As cool as a cucumber 泰然自若
❖As mute as a fish
噤若寒蝉
❖As blue as the great sea
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❖(3) as if; as though
❖ 婚姻像是一个被包围的城堡：外边的想要进去，里边的想 要出来。
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❖(2) as
❖As the lion is king of beasts, so is the eagle king of birds.
❖鹰是鸟中之王，犹如狮是兽中之王。
❖Love goes towards love, as schoolboys from their books;
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❖The pain of separation ❖The light of learning ❖A vicious circle ❖Room for negotiation ❖An angry sky ❖Graves yawned ❖Killing half-an-hour ❖Shoulder of the hill 山脊 ❖Friendly river ❖Laughing valleys
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❖Rhetoric 修辞学
❖Rhetoric is the art of discourse, an art that
aims to improve the capability of writers or speakers that attempt to inform, persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific
第八讲修辞格的翻译
201303231006
• Similes in the Chinese language can usually be rendered by words like “象 ,好象,似 ,好似 ,如 ,如同 , 仿佛 ,犹如, 宛如 ,象 …一样(似的, 一般)”。 prep. • But in English, comparative words are of various parts of speech. • 1.like prep. • 2.“as”, “(as)…as”, “as… (,) so …”, “may (might) as well … as …”, “as if (as though)” conjunctions and prepositional phrases • 3.“seem”, “surpass”, “be likened to”, “remind of”, “compare …to”, “treat …as”, “regard …as” verbs and verb phrases
201303231006
• 但部分明喻采用了语义双关，不能从字面上进 行翻译，我们只要译出其实际意思便可： • as cool as a cucumber 非常冷静（×像黄 瓜一样镇定） • as sharp as a needle 十分精明 （×像针 一样精明） • as tight as a drum 非常不肯花钱 （×像 鼓一样紧） • as sure as a gun 一点不错 （×像枪一样 确切）
修辞与翻译
•Lecture 1•Give Timex to all, to all a good time.•这是个新造词，由Time和Excellent组成。
•结合修辞的―头韵‖（两个g和两个t）和修辞的―顶真‖（连珠），五汉字对五音节翻译如下：•人戴天美时，美时天下人。
•―美时，美时‖应对―to all, to all‖，都是―顶真‖。
•两个m,两个sh应对两个g和两个t，双声对头韵。
•莎士比亚14行诗第18首有两句名言——•So long as men can breathe and eyes can see,•So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.•只要人能呼吸，眼睛不失明，•我的诗就流传，赐予你永生。
•仿拟点化（师承前人之功，化出时代之新）——•So long as you go to a greater height,•So long you will enjoy a grander sight.•（欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。
）•1. What Is Rhetoric?•Rhetoric is the art of using language to communicate effectively.•To define rhetoric, let‘s do at the same time from the Chinese for it: 修辞.•修：修饰，研究，学习；辞：文字辞句。
•修辞：修饰文字词句，运用各种表现方式，使语言表达得准确、鲜明而生动有力。
•Rhetoric, effective use of words to make the language accurate, clear-cut, vivid and powerful by various ways expression.•——《汉英双语现代汉语词典》2157页•2. Rhetoric Applications Are Everywhere•A New Year, A New Career.•New, new ——Repetition（反复）•Year, career ——Rhyme （尾韵）•Tear, career ——Antithesis（对照）•Why is the river rich? It has two banks.•Now, try to translate the pun . （双关）•为什么说河水富有？因为它年年有鱼（余）。
英汉互译之修辞格的翻译备课讲稿
2)“Don’t talk to me about no opportunity any
more. Opportunity’s knocking down every door
in the country，trying to get in. When I was
young，a man had to go out and find opportunity and drag it home by the ears.”（Kurt Vonnegut: Tom Edison’s Shaggy Dog）
（康濯《春种秋收》） Having returned to the village，Liu Yucui
felt as if she had got into prison. 2) He drove as if possessed by the devil. 他着魔似的驾车狂奔。
这个辞格在汉语和英语修辞里有着共同的特 点，那就是明显地打比方，在本体和喻体之 间都出现显而易见的喻词，如：汉语里的 “像”、“好像”、 “比如”、“仿佛”、 “好比”、“像……一样”、“如……一般” 等等；英语里的like，as，as if，as though 等等。在翻译时，我们可利用其共同特点， 用译文中相应的喻词来译原文里本体之间的 喻词。
“休说什么机会难逢。机会正在国内每家每户敲 门，想要进去呢。 我年轻那会儿，人们得出门去 寻找机会，揪着耳朵把它拖回来。”
3) How soon hath Time，the sung my three and
twentieth year! （John Milton）
At once，the Eastern and Western Chang’an Roads became roaring oceans.
修辞学教案（完整）
修辞学教案（完整）第一章修辞与修辞学第一节修辞一、“修辞”的含义二、修辞的特点三、修辞与语境四、修辞的原则第二节修辞学一、修辞学的性质和地位二、修辞学的对象和范围三、修辞学的研究方法第二章修辞方法第一节修辞方法的性质和特点一、修辞方法的性质二、修辞方法的特点第二节修辞方法的体系建构一、对以往修辞方法体系的总结与评价二、修辞方法体系建构的原则和标准三、重建汉语修辞方法体系的构想第三节修辞方法的特类——修辞格一、修辞格在修辞方法体系中的地位二、修辞格研究的成就与不足三、汉语常见修辞格第三章语音修辞第一节语音修辞概说一、语音修辞的性质和特点二、汉语语音修辞的分类第二节语音选择修辞一、儿化词与轻声词的选用二、响音字与衬音字的选用三、双声、叠韵、叠音形式的选用第三节语音配合修辞（停延、节奏、轻重、抑扬等）一、声韵调的协调与呼应二、音节的协调与呼应三、音组的协调与呼应第四节谐音修辞一、谐音双关二、谐音歧义三、谐音转义四、谐音假对五、谐音仿拟第五节拟音修辞一、拟声词其实是一种修辞词类二、汉语常见拟音修辞方法第四章语义修辞第一节语义修辞概说一、语义修辞的性质和特点二、汉语语义修辞的分类第二节同义修辞和反义修辞一、同义修辞二、反义修辞第三节上下义修辞和类义修辞一、上下义修辞二、类义修辞第四节多义修辞和单义修辞一、单义修辞二、多义修辞三、模糊修辞第五章语法修辞第一节语法修辞概说一、语法修辞的性质和特点二、汉语语法修辞的分类第二节词法修辞一、词类选择修辞二、词类活用修辞第三节句法修辞一、句法选择修辞二、句法配合修辞第四节篇法修辞一、形合谋篇与修辞二、意合谋篇与修辞第六章语形修辞第一节语形修辞概说一、语形修辞的性质和特点二、汉语语形修辞的分类第二节书面语形修辞一、汉字修辞二、非文字图符修辞第三节口语语形修辞一、态势语与修辞二、非语词声音与修辞三、伴随性因素与修辞第七章风格与修辞第一节言语风格与修辞一、言语风格的性质和分类二、言语风格的成因与修辞第二节语体风格与修辞一、语体的性质和分类二、语体修辞第八章汉语修辞学简史第一节汉语修辞学史及其研究概况一、修辞学史的性质二、汉语修辞学史的研究现状第二节汉语古代修辞学史说略一、汉语古代修辞学的演变轨迹二、汉语古代修辞学的演变规律第三节汉语现代修辞学史说略一、汉语现代修辞学的发展脉络二、汉语现代修辞学的发展规律第一章修辞第一节“修辞”的含义（一）修辞的三种含义1、语言运用活动（修辞行为）2、语言策略和技巧（修辞方法）3、研究语言运用规律的一门学科（修辞学）（二）“修辞”溯源1、出处目前所见最早的修、辞连用：“子曰：君子进德修业。
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6. 修辞与翻译
一、了解下列修辞格
音韵修辞格(Phonetic Stylistic Devices)
alliteration, onomatopoeia，assonance, rhyme
语义修辞格(Lexical Stylistic Devices)
simile, metaphor, metonymy, personification, irony, hyperbole, understatement, allusion, euphemism, contrast, oxymoron, transferred epithet, pun, zeugma, parody, paradox
结构修辞格(Syntactical Stylistic Devices)
repetition, chiasmus, parallelism, antithesis, rhetoric question, anastrophe，anticlimax
二、修辞格的判断
1. Beware of the bottle.
2. He had seven mouths to feed in his family.
3. This diligent student seldom reads more than an hour per month.
4. The candidate met his Waterloo in the national elections.
5. I didn’t half like that.
6. My only love sprung from my only hate
Too early seen unknown, and known too late！
----- Romeo and Juliet
7. Make a way out of no way.
8. an audible stillness
bitter sweet relation
painful pleasure
an honorable villain
9. Never show the bottom of your purse or your mind.
10. Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.
11. He sprung to his feet, flung off his coat, drew his sword, jumped upon the
enemy, and burped.
三、修辞格的翻译
A.直译：
1、Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish
out of water.
2、I would my horse had the speed of your tongue.
3、薛蟠也假说来上学，不过是“三天打鱼，两天晒网”……却不曾有一点儿进益。
4、假作真时真亦假，无为有处有还无。
5、“娘，他们……是要剥我们中国人的脸皮啊，你知道吗？”/ 骄阳下，柳树上，回答他
的是一片“知了，知了”的蝉声。
B.直译加注：
1、--- Why are parliamentary reports called "Blue Books"?
-- Because they are never red.
C.意译：
C1. 舍弃修辞格
1、You want your pound of flesh, don't you?
2、I spoke to them in hesitant English.
3、He is the mouth of the House in its relations with the Crown.
4、我半世的辛苦，全是替他们做马牛!
C2. 替换原修辞格
1、He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him “magpie”.
2、It is regrettable that our appeal remained a dead letter.
3、他看见别人生活比自己好，就犯红眼病。
4、Up and down he walked, up and down across the library floor.
5、层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着的，有羞涩地打着朵
的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如碧天里的星星。
6、From their slopes flow streams feeding the oases strung along the rim of inland
deserts.
7、She lost her heart and necklace at a ball.
8、Franklin Roosevelt listened with bright-eyed smiling attention.
C3. 增添修辞格
1、He determined to satisfy himself of the real state of the case.
2、I judge that there was going to be a crash by and by, but I was in now and must
swim across or drown.。