外交部翻译口译笔记VOA20091023
2009年3月-听力-上海高级口译考试听力试题原文及答案
2009年3月上海高级口译考试听力试题原文及答案Spot-DictationWhen Americans think about hunger, we usually think in terms of mass-starvation in far-away countries, but hunger too often lurks in our backyards. In 2006, 35.1million people, including 12.4million children in the United States did not have access to enough food for an active healthy life. Some of these individuals relied on emergency food sources and some experienced hunger. Although most people think of hungry people and homeless people as the same, the problem of hunger reaches far beyond homelessness. While the number of people being hungry or at the risk of hunger may be surprising, it is the faces of those hungry individuals that would probably most shock you. The face of hunger is the older couple who has worked hard for their entire lives, only to find their savings wiped out by unavoidable medical bills, or a single mother who has to choose whether the salary from her minimum wage job will go to buy food or pay rent, or a child who struggles to concentrat e on his schoolwork because his family couldn’t afford dinner the night before. At December 2006 survey estimated that 48 percent of those requesting emergency food assistance, were either children or their parents. Children are twice as likely to live in households where someone experiences hunger and food insecurity than adults. One in ten adults compared to one in five children live in households where someone suffers from hunger and some food insecurity. Child poverty is more wide spread in the United States than in any other industrialized country. At the same time, the US government spends less than any industrialized country to pull its children out of poverty. We have long known that the minds and bodies of small children need adequate food to develop properly. But science is just beginning to understand the full extent of this relationship. As late as the 1980s, conventional wisdom held that only the most severe forms of malnutrition actually alter brain development. The latest empirical evidence however shows that even relatively mild under-nutrition produces cognitive impairments in children which can last a life time.Talks and conversations：Q1-5M: Emily I know you’ve been the victim of a crime.F: Unfortunately, yes. Once I was mugged by some young kids.M: What happened?F: I was going home late at night, and I couldn’t see a single person on the street. And it was winter, oh, it was so cold , so I had my scarf wrapped around my face. And suddenly I walked straight into three guys, they looked about 14 or 15. and they said something threatening, like give us all your money or I’m going to kill you. I’m looking at them, because they look so young, and I’m thinking what on earth are you doing? They said blablabla, and I said, “listen, it’s very col d, give me a second, I have to take off my gloves.”M: You must be really scared.F: Well I opened my purse and all I have got is few dollars. I was so nervous and I say, “ here it is”, and they say “four dollars?” Yeah, it’s 4 dollars and they say “that’s all you have?”M: So, so then what happened?F: Well I gave them money, and i just went home, But I felt so bad when I was walking down the street. You know I really had mixed feelings about it. I wanted to say Guys what are you doing? You know, go home, you asre ruining your lifes. And I think why are those kids on the street doing things they are not supposed to do? Something stupid, really stupid. That could lead to something worse.M: Why do you think Kids get involved in stealing?F: I don’t know , I mean it was only four dollars, you look at kids getting involved in this kind of small crime , and you think who is responsible? I don’t know what they were doing out on the street at that time of night.M: Did you report the crime?F: No, I didn’t. Kids l ike that don't need prosecuting, they need parenting. They need someone to Put them on the right path, these kids really need, you know, help. M: In what way?F: Well, kids are so vulnerable. They have to have a lot of supervision. There are these kids hanging on the street doing things they are not supposed to do.I think if these kids have more self –esteem, they wouldn’t behave in that way. We have to find ways to help these kind of kids have good futures, then they wouldn’t commit crimes.1.In what way has Emily been the victim of a crime?2.At which of the following times did the crime occur?3.What amount of loss did she suffer in the crime?4.What did she do after the crime occurred?5.What did she think about those who committed the crime?Q6-10European UnionA European Union flotilla will begin anti-piracy operations off the coast of Somalia next week, EU Foreign Policy Chief Javier Solana said on Tuesday. The six warships and three maritime reconnaissance aircraft will replace a NATO naval force that has been patrolling the region and escorting cargo ships carrying relief aid to Somalia since the end of October. Although the NATO ships have successfully delivered nearly 30,000 tons of humanitarian supplies to the impoverished nation, they have not been able to stem the upsurge in pirate attacks on foreign shipping in one of the most important shipping lanes in the world.New Delhi, IndiaUS Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice urged Pakistan yesterday to cooperate "fully and transparently" in investigations into the Mumbai attacks that have upset India-Pakistan relations. India has said the 10 militants who rampaged through its financial capital killing 171 people were from Pakistan, including one surviving gunman. If Pakistan fails to act swiftly against those responsible, India has threatened to pull out of a nearly five-year-old peace process between the nuclear rivals. "This is the time for everybody to cooperate and to do so transparently, and this is especially a time for Pakistan to do so," Rice told a press conference in New Delhi.Ottawa, CanadaCanada's minority Conservative government may seek the temporary suspension of Parliament to stop opposition parties from voting it out and taking power, an aide to Prime Minister Stephen Harper said on Tuesday. The Liberals, New Democrats and Bloc Quebecois signed a deal on Monday committing them to bringing down the government, just seven weeks after it won re-election with a strengthened minority, and forming a coalition government to replace the Conservatives. The opposition says Harper is not doing enough to tackle the fallout from the financial crisis, so they proposed forging a coalition of Liberals and New Democrats, with the separatist Bloc promising its support.Manila, the PhilippinesPhilippine lawmakers allied to President Gloria Arroyo quashed an impeachment motion against her yesterday, shielding her from opposition moves to unseat her for the fourth time in as many years. Eleven opposition lawmakers walked out of the chamber when it became apparent that an overwhelming majority of the 238-member House of Representatives would throw out the impeachment complaint. Voting 183-21, with three abstaining, the House of Representatives adopted a report by a congressional justice panel dismissing the impeachment complaint for lack of substance, blocking a possible trial in the Senate. The complaint against Arroyo, due to serve until mid-2010, were based on charges of corruption, bribery and human rights abuses. Apart from surviving four impeachments, she has also escaped three attempts by troops since 2003 to seize power.Cambridge, United StatesHarvard University says its endowment has tumbled $8 billion in the four months since the end of the last fiscal year. The school’s endowment is the largest in higher education. The estimated 22 percent decline is the school's sharpest endowment drop in modern history. The endowment was valued at $36.9 billion on June 3. The school has said its U.S. stock portfolio and foreign equity portfolio had taken hard hits recently. The university's president warned that the estimated drop may be conservative because some money managers have yet to report figures.Question 6: What can we know about the world’s efforts to fight pirate attacks? Question 7: At a press conference in New Delhi, what did US Secretary of State Rice urge Pakistan to do?Question 8: What is Canada’s Minority Conservative Government likely to do according to the news?Question 9: Which of the following statements is true about the political situation in the Philippines according to the news?Question 10: At least how much has Harvard University’s endowment dropped since the end of the last fiscal year?Q11-15M: So you really believe that cloths carry a kind of message for other people and that what we put on is in some way a reflection of what we feel?W: oh, yes, very much so. People are beginning now to take seriously the idea of a kind of psychology of clothing to believe that there is not only individual taste in our cloth, but also a thinking behind what we wear, which is something we may not even be aware of ourselves.M: But truly this has been the case. We all dress up when we want to impress someone, such as for a job interview with the prospective employer. We tend to make an effort and put on something smart.W: True, but that is a conscious act. What I’m talking about is more of a subconscious thing. Take for example the student who is away from home at college or university, if he tends to wrap him self up more than the others, this is because he is probably feeling homesick. Similarly, a general feeling of insecurity can sometimes take the form of overdressing in warmer than are necessary.M: Can you give any other example of this kind?W: Yes. I think people who are sociable and outgoing tend to dress in an extrovert way, preferring brighter or more dazzling colours-----yellows, bright reds and so on. In the same way, aggressive cloth might indicate an aggressive personality or attitude toward life.M: Do you think the care or lack of it over the way we actually wear our cloth has anything to tell us?W: Yes, indeed. The ranks of a man’s trousers speaks volumes about his awareness his own image. Or if his trousers are at half messed, or sort of hanging down, this probably means he is absorbed by other things.M: Really?W: Or, to give you other examples, often minority groups who have perhaps failed to persuade with words tend to express themselves by wearing unconventional or what some might consider outrageous clothing as a way of showing their thoughts and feelings are different from the rest. And so they find an outlet in this way. M: That surely spills over into other things as well.W: Oh, yes, indeed. Hair cuts, music and songs can all be a form of rebellion. But to get to back to cloth, I would add that a whole lot about our personality is conveyed in our cloth and the way we look-------aggressiveness, rebelliousness, happiness, sadness and so on. This can all be interpreted. Think of the aging pop star who may be pushing middle age, he’ll keep on dressing up like a rebel to try to prove he is with it still and in touch with his young fans and current trends.11.About which of the following topics is the woman being interviewed?12. What does it probably show if an individual overdresses in warmer cloth than are necessary?13.According to the interviewee, what kind of people tend to dress in an extrovert manner?14. According to the interviewe, which of the following speaks a lot about man’s awarness of his own image?15. According to the interview, who tend to wear unconventional clothing?Q16-20Computers may never offer a perfect system for work and communications. Yet, in spite of the bugs that need to be worked out, there is no question that computers now shape the pattern of our activities. Almost everyone has felt the tremors and change as the internet has revolutionized the way we do things. From the way we run our daily errands to the way we relate to other human beings, with the internet, we can now get information, products and friends more quickly. With a few clicks of the mouse, we can do research on specific subjects that might have taken hours or days in a library. With online shopping, we can purchase what we need more quickly and efficiently. We can now deal with retailers over the internet, instead of waiting in lines at shopping malls. With email we can maintain friendships as well as create new ones without ever sitting down to write or post a letter. But not everyone feels the internet is improving our lives. The web is messy and that it cannot always provide clear directions on how to get where we want to go. The hyperlinks that exist among different websites often send people on a trip to nowhere or somewhere totally unexpected. The web is not an organized database. Rather, it is a brier patch where people can get stuck or lost. Online shopping is an example of this mass. Although shopping from home is appealing, e-commerce is not always as convenient as one might think. Sometimes it takes a long time to order on the internet. People can waste time or get confused filling out the information on all the different screens to place an order. In fact, anywhere from 33% to 75% of people who shop online drop out before ever placing an order. Most importantly, many people are concerned about privacy issues. They are reluctant to put their personal information on the web. Filling in information such as one’s name, address, phone number and credit card information can shake the confidence of an online shopper. Some even fear that theirs conspiracy among businesses to use consumer information for their own benefit. Perhaps even more troubling is the belief that as people spend more time surfing the web, they are becoming socially isolated.A recent survey indicated that 16% of internet users spend less time with family and friends. The amount of time a husband or wife spends on the web is frequently cited as one cause for divorce. Then the young people say that their closest friends are those they have corresponded with on the internet. That is, their closest friends are people they have never even met. Whether the internet will continue to be a driving force for change is still unknown. And whether the effects of the internet on our lives will be more positive or negative is still debatable.16. Computers and the internet have revolutionized the way we do things, which of the following things is not mentioned in the talk?17. Why is it that not everyone feels the internet is improving our lives?18. Which of the following is the primary concern of online shoppers?19. What can we know from the talk that people spending more time surfing the web?20. What is the main argument of this talk?Note-taking and Gap-fillingHow is urbanization negatively affecting our society? The answer to this question is not a simple one. When answering this question, one must understand that urbanization cannot be stopped but only contained in a manner that will help the United States to function better as a country.The more densely populated and more heterogeneous a community is, the more accentuated characteristics can be associated with urbanism. Urbanism promotes urban violence, political instability, crime and aggressive behavior. Rapid population growth in urban areas also perpetuates poverty. Another major issue being created by this social problem is the breaking of the traditional family structure. Our cities are not working well---sanitation, safety, transportation, housing, education, and even electricity are failing. These are all responsibilities of the government, or it is at least their job to regulate these services deemed to be monopolies. And it is a known fact that monopolies deem toward inefficiency. Functionalists look at our cities as a means to profit. Cities are a place where everybody visits. And therefore vendors can raise their prices and profit more on their products. For example, from my own personal experience, I bought a pack of cigarettes for three dollars at my local gas station. And when I visited inner city Orlando, I bought the same brand of cigarettes for four dollars.In the United States, the breaking of the traditional family structure is an issue that has become increasingly noticeable in recent years, particularly in urbanized areas. The traditional mom-and-dad-and-children are rarely seen in the inner cities any more. There is a weakened bond of kinship and declining social family significance as America has transferred industrial, educational and recreational activities to specialized institutions outside of the home. It is depriving families of their most characteristic, historical functions. With divorce rates rising, delinquency is also becoming more of a problem than before. In single-parent families, parents spend less time with children. These specialized institutions often help, but cannot replace the role of a child guardian. As long as the divorce rate continues to increase, delinquency will continue to increase in these areas as well.The variations of people give rise to segregation of people by race, religious practices, ethnic heritage as well as economic and social status. Segregation often creates much tension and prejudice between social groups. This can cause physical or mental damage to individuals or society. As for racism and segregation, there is not much that can be done to fix these problems. Individuals will always have their own opinions, no matter how ignorant. And the only thing we can do is to hope that these problems die out as we desegregate our community. People will choose their destination or place of residence according to many different ideals and needs, for example, what fits their budget? The government assumes major responsibility for development attempting to meet rapid and increasing demands for education, housing, agriculture and industrial development, transportation and employment. The government budget is not distributed equally mainly due to differentiation in areas. Areas with higher income will obviously have a higher budget to work with.Urban areas are usually lacking in financial resources, therefore they are not able to repair all the problems in these areas, such as sanitation, education and many other categories. America has hired 50% more teachers in the last few years than have been hired in the past, but the increase in population keeps the classrooms just as large. The effort does not meet the need, thus the problem remains as strong as ever. Due to the overpopulation in urban areas and the lack of employment opportunity, the crime rate is still a huge problem in which they are faced with. Also, the lack of the traditional family structure and weakened bonds of kinship weaken the moral of the children growing up in the urban areas. These children grow up in poverty, and usually look at crime as a quick and easy way out. Problems in urban areas are far more serious than can be handled in any short-term efforts. We can only hope to contain them and attempt to make sure that no more problems arise from the already existing ones.Listening and TranslationSentence translation1. I think my parents influenced me the most, material wealth, status and power were never revered in our family. I was taught to value honesty, fairness and consideration of others.我认为父母对我的影响是最大的，在我家里不崇拜物质财富、地位和权利。
关注2009中高级口译考试热点分析---中美建交30周年
关注2009中高级口译考试热点分析---中美建交30周年中国的对外关系这一话题是翻译考试需要注意的话题之一。
纵观历年的口译考试：2002年3月份的高级口译考试汉译英部分考查了中美关系，2006年9月份的高口汉英翻译围绕中国外交展开。
2007年9月份的中口汉译英围绕中国的和平发展道路展开。
2009年是中美建交三十周年，作为对外关系中的重要一环大家要格外留心。
与其上来就让大家翻译一些“常规”但又感到生涩的单词还不如先来读一下下面的文章，希望大家大阅读的过程中积累一些固定的表达，注意句式的选择，为翻译做好积累。
China-US relations on path towards greater progressBEIJING - China-US relations have been making steady progress amid twists and turns since the start of 1979 when the two nations officially established diplomatic ties, thanks to concerted efforts by both sides.The ever-improving relations between China and the United States have not only brought huge benefits to the two peoples but also made important contributions to world peace and development.Late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping paid his historic visit to the US less than a month after the formal establishment of relations between the two countries.China and the US, since then, have maintained frequent high-level exchanges of visits and have actively conducted exchanges at various levels.The two nations have signed a series of important documents and gradually established more than 60 dialogue and consultation mechanisms including China-US strategic dialogue mechanism and strategic economic dialogue mechanism.With political and economic interaction expanding and mutual understanding deepening over the past three decades, the two nations have reached consensus on an increasing number of issues and have seen more extensive cooperation.The two countries have made substantial progress in developing a multi-faceted and multi-level constructive partnership.The development of China-US relations serves the fundamental interests of the two countries as well as the two peoples.China embarked on its historic journey of reform. and opening-up almost at the same time as it established diplomatic ties with the USThe country's reform. and opening-up drive has brought prosperity and cooperation opportunities for countries worldwide, including the United States. The China-US cooperation has also injected fresh impetus into China's development and modernization.The volume of bilateral trade between China and the US rose from US$990 million in 1978 to 302 billion US dollars in 2007. The two countries have now become each other's second largest trading partner.The accumulated American investment in China has so far totaled almost 60 billion US dollars. There now are 17,000 US-funded enterprises operating in China, with annual sales revenues up to more than US$100 billion.However, the development of China-US relations has not been smooth, and the progress achievedhas not been easy to come by. The two countries should really cherish the current development result of their ties.Past experiences showed that the three Joint Communiques issued by the two sides laid political basis for bilateral ties, and only the two sides adhere to these principles, seek common ground while reserving differences, and enhance consensus, will the bilateral ties break through difficulties and develop healthily.When China and the United States established diplomatic ties, former US President Jimmy Carter said "mutual respect" is the most important factor in safeguarding and developing US ties with China.History has proved that the development of China-US relations depends on whether to respect the other side's core interests, whether to respect different social systems, development process, histories and cultures.Equal dialogue and communication on the basis of mutual respect is the right way to remove misunderstandings and improve mutual trust.Adhering to the direction of developing a constructive cooperative relationship, the two countries can march to the road of harmony and mutual development.China-US ties have played an increasingly important role in the whole world. Today, the largest developing country and the largest developed country share larger common interests than ever before.The two jointly shoulder the responsibility in the fields of safeguarding world peace and stability, promoting freedom of trade and investment, and facing challenges like the changing climate and energy issues.At present, the world is confronted with a serious financial crisis and weak prospects for global economic growth. China and the US, two economic entities that make the biggest contribution to the world economic growth, cannot escape the hit.Against such a backdrop, the two sides should promote their bilateral ties onto a new level, further strengthen high-level exchanges, step up cooperation in various fields, and enhance coordination in macro-economic and financial policies. Such efforts will not only help the two countries tackle the crisis together, but will also serve to maintain global financial stability and stimulate world economic growth.As China and the US mark the 30th anniversary of their diplomatic ties whilst US president-elect Barak Obama is ready to take office, the China-US ties are at a significant historical point. Under the joint efforts of both sides, the China-US ties can be expected to enjoy remarkable development and head for a bright future.考前一周串讲昂立考前一周串讲昂立随着考前讲座一轮轮的展开，每个考生包括我们老师都感受到了考试带来的强大冲击波。
2016年11月二级口译（同传）题
2016年11月二级口译（同传）题第一篇：2016年11月二级口译(同传)题CATTI二级同传EC部分无稿：美国与新兴大国关系有稿：物联网安全 CE部分无稿：记者会-中国经济有稿：拉各斯中国电影节开幕式致辞各位来宾女士们、先生们，朋友们：晚上好！在这个美好的周末，“中国电影节”首次在拉各斯举办，我谨代表驻拉各斯总领馆全体同仁，向所有来宾表示最诚挚的欢迎。
电影是个光影的世界，是很好的文化载体和高品质的文化产品，已成为世界各国人民喜爱的精神食粮。
优秀的电影是各国文化精英在吸收浓缩提炼本国文化养分后艺术创造，要想了解一个国家的历史、文化、价值观，观看这个国家优秀的电影无疑是很好的选择。
大家都较熟悉好莱坞电影，但它只反映了一种文化价值观，却代表不了全球多彩的文化。
因为世界是绚丽多彩的，在漫长的人类发展过程中，各国人民创造了异彩纷呈的文明。
目前世界上有许多国家都在制作电影，中国电影、尼日利亚电影、非洲电影都是这个丰富多彩的世界里的重要一员，在这个光影世界里应该有更多反映中国、非洲独特文化特色和魅力的电影作品。
近年来。
中国电影产业发展迅猛，中国的电影人也很给力。
中国艺术家们用自己的智慧和汗水创作出大量优秀电影作品，题材涵盖中国社会方方面面，这些电影成为外国人了解中国很好的窗口。
201４年，中国全年上映电影为３８８余部。
而截至2015年12月3日，中国电影票房总收入已经达到66亿美元，中国已经成为全球第二大电影市场。
中国的电影种类繁多，不仅有大家喜爱的中国功夫片，而且还有更多反映中国悠久历史文化及当代社会发展的片子。
这次“电影节”将放映3部优秀中国电影，在选片上我们花了很多心思。
考虑到哲学思想和神话传说在塑造民族性格中所起的重要作用，我们选择了《孔子》和《西游记之大闹天宫》这两部电影，一部介绍了中国最伟大哲学家——儒家创始人孔子的生平，另一部则是中国最为家喻户晓的神话故事，相信两部电影将有助与尼民众进一步理解中国悠久的历史文化。
2009年9月高级口译真题(完整版)
2009年9月高级口译真题（完整版）SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Part A: Spot DictationFor more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country's progress. They have educated the technical, _______ (1) work force and provided generation after generation of national leaders. Today, educators from around the country are apt to find many reasons for the _______ (2). But four historic acts stand out as watersheds:First, _______ (3): In 1862, Congress enacted the Land-Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education to all Americans, including _______ (4). Each state was permitted to sell large tracts of federal land, and use the proceeds to endow at least _______ (5).Second, competition breeds success. Over the years, the _______ (6) of the America’s colleges and universities have promoted _______ (7). Competitive pressure first arose during the Civil War when President Lincoln created _______ (8) to advise Congress on any subject of science and art. The Academy's impact really grew after World WarⅡwhen a landmark report _______ (9) the then president argued that it was the federal government’s responsibility to _______ (10) for basic research. Instead of being centralized in government laboratories,_______ (11) in American universities and generated increasing investment. It also _______ (12) and helped spread scientific discoveries far and wide, _______ (13), medicine and society as a whole. Thirdly, _______ (14): The end of World War Ⅱsaw the passage of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944. The law, which provided for a college or vocational education_______ (15), made the higher-education system accessible in ways that _______ (16), opening the doors of best universities to men and women who had _______ (17).Finally, promoting diversity: The creation of federal______(18) as well as outright grants for college students brought much needed diversity to higher education and further_______ (19). Since its founding in 1965, the Federal Family Education Loan Program has funded more than 74 million student loans worth _______ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. (A) She’s just a city girl and is used to the fast pace of the city.(B) She doesn’t have to drive everywhere to buy things.(C) She likes to garden and putter around in the house she bought.(D) She can go to a whole variety of places to interact with people.2. (A) Going to the country for a vacation makes no sense at all.(B) Renting a vacation house in the country is cheap.(C) People can enjoy the fresh air in the country.(D) People can relax better in the country than in the city.3. (A) The convenient transportation.(B) The interactive social life.(C) The whole car culture.(D) The nice neighborhood.4. (A) You may have fun making barbecues in the garden.(B) You won’t feel stuck and labeled as you do in the city.(C) It’s more tolerable than living in the city.(D) It’s more hateful than living in the country.5. (A) Quite lonely.(B) Very safe.(C) Not very convenient.(D) Not particularly dangerous.6. (A) Because they might harm the poor people.(B) Because their drawbacks outweigh benefits.(C) Because they counterbalance other environmental policies.7. (A) German business confidence index has risen as much as expected recently.(B) The outlook for manufacturing is worsening in foreseeable future.(C) Global economic recession will sap demand for German exports next year.(D) German business situation is expected to get better in the next few months.8. (A) The proposal can cut greenhouse gas emissions from cars to a very low level.(B) This action is obviously going to change global temperatures in the long run.(C) The reduction in gas emissions is insignificant for addressing global warming.(D) The proposal represents a big step in solving the problem of global warming.9. (A) $ 60.5 a barrel.(B) $ 61 a barrel.(C) $ 61.32 a barrel.(D) $ 61.67 a barrel.10. (A) 92.(B) 250.(C) 1,500.(D) 2,500.11. (A) Microsoft.(B) Coca Cola.(C) IBM.(D) Nokia.12. (A) Amounts of revenue underlying the brands.(B) Strong franchise with consumers.(C) Whether or not the brand is a product of a tech company.(D) The degree of resonance consumers have with a brand proposition.13. (A) Because it is monopolistic.(B) Because it is competitive.(C) Because it takes its brand through generations.(D) Because its products fetch high prices.14. (A) The functionality of its product.(B) The emotional appeal of its product.(C) Its basic product being so different.(D) Its highly effective publicity.15. (A) A fantastic corporate culture.(B) A long company history.(C) An excellent product.(D) A sophisticated technology.16. (A) A power station.(B) An importer of bicycles.(C) An association of volunteers.(D) A charity organization.17. (A) To provide help to local villagers.(B) To export bicycles to developing countries.(C) To organize overseas trips.(D) To carry out land surveys.18. (A) They sell them at a very low price.(B) They charge half price.(C) They give them away for free.(D) They trade them for local products.19. (A) 14,000.(B) 46,000.(C) 50,000.(D) 56,000.20. (A) Donating bicycles.(B) Bringing in funds.(C) Taking part in bike rides.(D) Making suggestions about where to send bicycles.SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1--5Talk about timing. Your question arrived in our in-box the same day that we received a note from an acquaintance who had just been let go from his job in publishing, certainly one of the industries that is facing, as you put it, “extreme change.” He described his layoff as a practically Orwellian experience in which he was ushered into a conference room to meet with an outplacement consultant who, after dispensing with logistics, informed him that she would call him at home that evening to make sure everything was all right.“I assured her I had friends and loved ones and a dog,” he wrote, “and since my relationship with her could be measured in terms of seconds, they could take care of that end of things.” “Memo to HR: Instead of saddling dismissed employees with solicitous outplacement reps,” he noted wryly, “put them in a room with some crockery for a few therapeutic minutes of smashing things against a wall.”While we enjoy our friend’s sense of humor, we’d suggest a different memo to HR. “Layoffs are your moment of truth,” it would say, “when your company must show departing employees the same kind of attentiveness and dignity that was showered upon them when they entered. Layoffs are when HR proves its mettle and its worth, demonstrating whether a company really cares about its people.”Look, we’ve written before about HR and the game-changing role we believe it can—and should—play as the engine of an organization’s hiring, appraisal, and development processes. We’ve asserted that too many companies relegate HR to the mundane busy-work of newsletters, picnics, and benefits, and we’ve made the case that every CEO should elevate his head of HR to the same stature as the CFO. But if there was ever a time to underscore the importance of HR, it has arrived. And, sadly, if there was ever a time to see how few companies get HR right, it has arrived, too, as our acquaintance’s experience shows.So, to your question: What is HR’s correct role now—especially in terms of layoffs?First, HR has to make sure people are let go by their managers, not strangers. Being fired is dehumanizing in any event, but to get the news from a “hired gun” only makes matters worse. That’s why HR must ensure that managers accept their duty, which is to be in on the one conversation at work that must be personal. Pink slips should be delivered face-to-face,eyeball-to-eyeball.Second, HR’s role is to serve as the company’s arbiter of equity. Nothing raises hackles more during a layoff than the sense that some people—namely the loudmouths and the litigious—are getting better deals than others. HR can mitigate that dynamic by making sure across units and divisions that severance arrangements, if they exist, are appropriate and evenhanded. You simply don’t want people to leave feeling as if they got you-know-what. They need to walk out saying: “At least I know i was treated fairly.”Finally, HR’s role is to absorb pain. In the hours and days after being let go, people need to vent, and it is HR’s job to be completely available to console. At some point, all outplacement consultant can come into the mix to assist with a transition, but HR can never let “the departed” feel as if they’ve been sent to a leper colony. Someone connected to each let-go employee—either a colleague or HR staffer—should check in regularly. And not just to ask, “Is everything O.K.?” but to listen to the answer with an open heart, and when appropriate, offer to serve as a reference to prospective employers.Three years ago, we wrote a column called, “So Many CEOs Get This Wrong,” and while many letters supported our stance that too many companies undervalue HR, a significant minority pooh-poohed HR as irrelevant to the “real work” of business. Given the state of things, we wonder how those same HR-minimalists feel now. If their company is in crisis—or their own career—perhaps at last they’ve seen the light. HR matters enormously in good times. It defines you in the bad.1. Why does the author say that his friend’s note displayed a “sense of humor”(para. 3)?(A) Because his layoff experience showed vividly the process of”extreme change”.(B) Because he gave a vivid description of the outplacement reps’ work style.(C) Because he suggested to HR how to treat dismissed employees while he himself was fired.(D) Because he was optimistic with the support and understanding from his friends and loved family members after being dismissed.2. The expression “moment of truth” in the sentence “Layoffs are your moment of truth ...when they entered.” (para. 3) most probably means ________.(A) critical moment of proving one’s worth(B) time of dismissing the employees(C) important moment of telling the truth(D) time of losing one’s dignity3. Which of the following does NOT support the author’s statement that “HR has to make sure people are let go by their managers, not strangers.”(para. 6)?(A) In that case the let-go employee would feel less dehumanized.(B) By doing so the managers treat the employees with respect.(C) HR has thus played the positive role in terms of layoffs.(D) In doing so strangers will only play the role of a “hired gun”.4. The expression “pink slips” in the sentence “Pink slips should be delivered face-to-face, eyeball-to-eyeball.”(para. 6) can best be paraphrased as ________.(A) a letter of invitation (B) a notice of dismissal(C) a card of condolences (D) a message of greetings5. Which of the following expresses the main idea of the passage?(A) The time to underscore the importance of HR has arrived.(B) Severance arrangements should be the focus of HR’s job.(C) Employees should be treated with equal respect whether hired or fired.(D) Managers must leave their duty to HR when employees are dismissed.Questions 6—10Senator Barbara Boxer (D) of California announced this month she intends to move ahead with legislation designed to lower the emission of greenhouse gases that are linked by many scientists to climate change. But the approach she’s taking is flawed, and the current financial crisis can help us understand why.The centerpiece of this approach is the creation of a market for trading carbon emission credits. These credits would be either distributed free of charge or auctioned to major emitters of greenhouse gases. The firms could then buy and sell permits under federally mandated emissions caps. If a company is able to cut emissions, it can sell excess credits for a profit. If it needs to emit more, it can buy permits on the market from other firnls.“Cap and trade,” as it is called, is advocated by several policymakers, industry leaders, and activists who want to fight global warming. But it’s based on the trade of highly volatile financial instruments: risky at best. The better approach to climate change? A direct tax placed on emissions of greenhouse gases. The tax would create a market price for carbon emissions and lead to emissions reductions or new technologies that cut greenhouse gases. This is an approach favored by many economists as the financially sensible way to go. And it is getting a closer look by some industry professionals and lawmakers.At first blush, it might seem crazy to advocate a tax increase during a major recession. But there are several virtues of a tax on carbon emissions relative to a cap-and-trade program. For starters, the country already has a mechanism in place to deal with taxes. Tax collection is something the government has abundant experience with. A carbon trading scheme, on the other hand, requires the creation of elaborate new markets, institutions, and regulations to oversee and enforce it. Another relative advantage of the tax is its flexibility. It is easier to adjust the tax to adapt to changing economic, scientific, or other circumstances. If the tax is too low to be effective, it can be raised easily. If it is too burdensome it can be relaxed temporarily. In contrast, a cap-and-trade program creates emissions permits that provide substantial economic value to firms and industries. These assets limit the program’s flexibility once under way, since market actors then have an interest in maintaining the status quo to preserve the value of the assets. What’s more, they can be a recipe for trouble. As my American Enterprise Institute colleagues Ken Green, Steve Hayward, and Kevin Hassett pointed out two years ago, “sudden changes in economic conditions could lead to significant price volatility in a cap-and-trade program that would be less likely under acarbon-tax regime.”Recent experience bears this out. Europe has in place a cap-and-trade program that today looks a little like the American mortgage-backed securities market—it’s a total mess. The price of carbon recently fell—plummeting from over $30 to around $12 per ton—as European firms unloaded their permits on the market in an effort to shore up deteriorating balance sheets during the credit crunch. It is this shaky experience with cap-and-trade that might explain an unlikely advocate of acarbon tax. Earlier this year, ExxonMobil CEO Rex Tillerson pointed in a speech to the problems with Europe’s cap-and-trade program—such as the program’s volatility and lack of transparency—as reasons he prefers a carbon tax.That said, new taxes are a tough sell in Washington, which helps explain the current preference for a cap-and-trade scheme. Despite this, there are ways to make a carbon tax more politically appealing. The first is to insist that it be “revenue neutral.” This means that any revenues collected from the tax are used to reduce taxes elsewhere, such as payroll taxes.The advantage of this approach is that it places a burden on something that is believed by many to be undesirable (greenhouse-gas emissions) while relieving a burden on something that is desirable (work). Another selling point is that the tax can justify the removal of an assortment of burdensome and costly regulations such as CAFE standards for car. These regulations become largely redundant in an era of carbon taxes.But it may be that a carbon tax doesn’t need an elaborate sales pitch today when the alternative is trading carbon permits. The nation’s recent experience with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the mortgage-backed securities market should prompt Congress to think twice when a member proposes the creation of a highly politicized market for innovative financial instruments, no matter how well intentioned the program may be.6. The author introduces Senator Barbara Boxer in the passage because she ________.(A) has made suggestions to ease the current financial crisis(B) is a pioneer in the reduction of greenhouse gases emission(C) is well-known for her proposal on legislation reform(D) plans to propose the legislation of cap-and-trade program7. Which of the following CANNOT be true about the carbon emission credits system?(A) The use of carbon credits would show clearly emitters’ efforts in carbon cutting.(B) The credits might be distributed free or auctioned to the emitters.(C) The price of carbon credits could fluctuate with changing economic conditions.(D) The credits can be bought and sold between emitters for profits.8. According to the passage, the cap-and-trade program ________.(A) will be much more useful in fighting global warming(B) will not be as effective as a tax on carbon emissions(C) is being examined by industry professionals and lawmakers(D) is supported by many policymakers, industry leaders and activists9. The expression “to shore up” in the sentence “as European firms unloaded their permits on the market in an effort to shore up deteriorating balance sheets during the credit crunch”(para. 6) can best paraphrased as ________.(A) to eliminate (B) to revise and regulate(C) to give support to (D) to correct and restructure10. In the last paragraph, the author mentions Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the mortgage-backed securities to tell the Congress that ________.(A) the experience with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the mortgage-backed securities will be useful for the creation of a highly politicized market(B) the lessons from Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the mortgage-backed securities should not be neglected(C) the argument over cap-and-trade program and direct tax on carbon emissions should be stopped(D) the legislation for a cap-and-trade scheme will prove to be the solution to greenhouse gases emissionQuestions 11--15The gap between what companies might be expected to pay in tax and what they actually pay amounts to billions of pounds—on that much, everyone can agree. The surprising truth is that no one can agree how many billions are missing, or even how to define “tax gap”. Estimates range from anything between £3bn to nearly £14bn, depending on who is doing the calculations. Even the people in charge of colleting the taxes—Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC)—admit they have only the vaguest idea of how many further billions of pounds they could be getting...and it took a freedom of information request before they would admit the extent of their lack of knowledge.Any media organization or MP attempting to pursue the subject will find themselves hampered by the same difficulties faced by the tax collectors—secrecy and complexity. The Guardian’s investigation, which we publish over the coming two weeks, is no different.The difficulty starts with an inability of anyone to agree a definition of “tax avoidance”. It continues through the limited amount of information in the public domain. And it is further hampered by the extraordinary complexity of modern global corporations.International companies based in the UK may have hundreds of subsidiary companies, which many use to take advantage of differing tax regimes as they move goods, services and intellectual property around the world. It is estimated that more than half of world trade consists of such movements (known as transfer-pricing) within corporations.Companies are legally required publicly to declare these subsidiaries. But they generally tell shareholders of only the main subsidiaries. The Guardian’s investigation found five majorUK-based corporations which had ignored the requirements of the Companies Act by failing to identify offshore subsidiaries. This is just one example of the atmosphere of secrecy andnon-disclosure in Britain which has allowed tax avoidance to flourish. The result is that few outside of the lucrative industries of banking, accountancy and tax law have understood the scale of the capital flight that is now taking place.British tax inspectors privately describe as formidable the mountain outsiders have to climb in order to comb through the accounts of international companies based in London. “The companies hold all the cards,” said one senior former tax inspector. “It’s very difficult because you don’t always know what you are looking for...You are confronted with delay, obstruction and a lot of whingeing from companies who complain about ‘unreasonable requests’. Sometimes you are just piecing together a jigsaw.”Another former senior tax inspector said: “One of the problems the Revenue has is that the company doesn’t have to disclose the amount of tax actually paid in any year and the accounts won’t reveal the liability. Each company has its own method of accounting for tax: there’s no uniform way of declaring it all.” For journalists trying to probe these murky waters, the problems are so substantial that few media organizations attempt it.A trawl through the published accounts of even a single major group of companies can involve hunting around in the registers of several different countries. It takes a lot of time and a lot of money. Companies—with some far-sighted British exceptions—simply refuse to disclose any more than what appears in the published figures. The legal fiction that a public company is a “legal person”, entitled to total tax secrecy and even to “human rights”, makes it normally impossible for a journalist to penetrate the tax strategies of big business. HMRC refuse, far example, to identify the 12 major companies who used tax avoidance schemes to avoid paying any corporation tax whatever.It is difficult to access experts to guide the media or MPs through this semantic jungle. The “Big Four” accountants and tax QCs who make a living out of tax avoidance, have no interest in helping outsiders understand their world. Few others have the necessary knowledge, and those that do, do not come cheap or may be conflicted. “Secrecy is the offshore world’s great protector,” writes William Brittan-Caitlin, London-based former Kroll investigator in his book, Offshore. “Government and states are generally at a loss to diagnose in detail what is really going on inside corporate internal markets. Corporations are extremely secretive about the special tax advantages these structures give them.”11. According to the passage, the “tax gap” is ________.(A) a well-defined term included in both British taxation system and the Companies Act(B) an accepted practice adopted by most international companies based in the UK(C) a practice difficult to define and discover but common with companies in Britain(D) the target which has been attacked by British tax inspectors over the past decades12. It can be concluded that many international companies “move goods, services and intellectual property around the world” (para.4) within corporations mainly in order ________.(A) to make use of different tax systems to avoid taxation(B) to give equal support to all the subsidiaries around the world(C) to expand the import and export trade with other countries(D) to raise their productivity and to maximize the profitability13. When one former senior tax inspector comments that “Sometimes you are just piecing together a jigsaw “(para. 6), he most probably means that ________.(A) investigating a company’s accounts is the same as playing a children’s game(B) the Revenue should reform its regulation to fight illegal “tax avoidance”(C) it’s a complicated matter to investigate an international company’s accounts(D) it’s a diffident task to overcome the obstruction from the company’s side14. By using the expression “legal fiction”(para. 8) to describe today’s status of a public company, the author is trying to imply that such a definition ________.(A) is a humanitarian and legitimate definition protecting the rights of companies(B) is ridiculous, absurd and hinders the investigation of tax strategies of big companies(C) is an incorrect and inexact concept to reveal the nature of modem businesses(D) is a reflection of the reality of companies and corporations and should not be altered15. In writing this article, the author is planning to tell all of the following to the readers EXCEPT that ________.(A) the gap between what companies are expected to pay in tax and what they actually pay is too enormous to be neglected(B) secrecy and complexity are the two major protectors of international corporations in tax avoidance(C) there are loopholes in the legislation concerning companies which obstruct the practice of taxation(D) the government plans to investigate the “tax gap” and “tax avoidance” of international companiesQuestions 16--20One of the many upsetting aspects to being in your forties, is hearing people your own age grumbling about “young people” the way we were grumbled about ourselves. Old friends will complain, “Youngsters today have no respect like we did”, and I’ll think: “Hang on. I remember the night you set a puma loose in the soft furnishings section of Pricerite’s.”There’s also a “radicals” version of this attitude, a strand within the middle-aged who lament how today’s youngsters, “Don’t demonstrate like we did”, because “we were always marching against apartheid or for the miners but students these days don’t seem bothered”. It would seem natural if they went on: “The bloody youth of today; they’ve no disrespect for authority. In my day you started chanting and if a copper gave you any lip you gave him a clip round the ear, and he didn’t do it again. We’ve lost those values somehow.”You feel that even if they did come across a mass student protest they’d sneer. “That isn’t a proper rebellion, they’ve used the internet. “You wouldn’t have caught Spartacus rounding up his forces by putting a message on Facebook saying ‘Hi Cum 2 Rome 4 gr8 fite 2 liber8 slaves lets kill emprer lol’”.It doesn’t help that many of the student leaders from the sixties and seventies ended up as ministers or journalists, who try to deny they’ve reneged on their principles by making statements such as: “It’s true I used to run the Campaign to Abolish the British Army, but my recent speech in favour of invading every country in the world in alphabetical order merely places those ideals in a modern setting.”Also it’s become a tougher prospect to rebel as a student, as tuition fees force them to work while they’re studying. But over the last two weeks students have organized occupations in 29 universities, creating the biggest student revolt for 20 years. In Edinburgh, for example, the demands were that free scholarships should be provided for Palestinian students, and the university should immediately cancel its investments with arms companies.So the first question to arise from these demands must be: what are universities doing having links with arms companies in the first place? How does that help education? Do the lecturers make an announcement that, “This year, thanks to British Aerospace, the media studies course has possession of not only the latest digital recording equipment and editing facilities, but also three landmines and a Tornado bomber”?。
外事口译笔记总结[合集5篇]
![外事口译笔记总结[合集5篇]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/2d71c95c001ca300a6c30c22590102020740f229.png)
外事口译笔记总结[合集5篇]第一篇：外事口译笔记总结外事口译笔记总结简历1.姓名 NameLinghu Chong，Zhuge Liang（复姓写在一起），Lee 或Lih （李），Lu（吕）2．性别 GenderFemale，male3．年龄 DOB（Date of Birth）month/day/year4．籍贯 Hometown5．文化程度 Education Background6．学位 Degree7.职务Position/Title8．职称T echnical Title9.工作单位Employer政治词汇翻译中共中央 The CPC Central Committee中央委员 member of the CPC Central Committee中央政治局the Political Bureau of the Central Committee政治局委员member of the Standing Committee of Political Bureau of the CPC全国人大National People’s CongressProvincial/Municipal/Town/T ownship(乡)People’s Congress 人大代表deputy to政协Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference （Hereinafter referred to as CPPCC/called CPPCC for short）政协主席 Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC 中共河南省委 The CPC HN Provincial Committee书记 Secretary总书记 general secretary秘书长 secretary in general6．省政府Provincial People’s Government河南省长Governor of HN Provincial People’s Governmen t 河南省人民政府常务副省长executive vice-governor of HN Provincial People’s Government 河南省委常委the Standing Committee of the HN Provincial Government7．国务院 The State Council国务院总理 the Premier of the State Council of the PRC8．中华人民共和国主席president of PRC各部门政府办公厅General Office（主任director 副主任deputy of director）教育厅 Education Department科学技术厅 Science and Technology Department工业和信息化厅Industry and Information Technology Department民族事业委员会 Ethnic Affairs Commission公安厅 Public Security Department住房与城乡建设厅 Housing & Urban and Rural Construction Department交通运输厅 Transportation Department水利厅 Water Resources Department农业厅Agriculture Department林业厅Forestry Department商务厅 Commercial Department文化厅 Culture Department卫生厅 Public Health Department国家安全厅 State Security Department监察厅 Supervision Department民政厅 Civil Affairs Department司法厅Justice Department财政厅Finance Department人力资源和社会保障厅Human Resources and Social SecurityDepartment 国土资源厅 Land and Resources Department 环境保护厅Environment Protection Department审计厅 State Auditing Department人口和计划生育委员会 Family Planning Committee发展与改革委员会 Development and Reform Committee政府外事侨务办公室Foreign and Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of(Henan Province)地方税务局 Local Tax Bureau 工商行政管理局Administration for Industry an Commerce质量技术监督局Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau广播电影电视局 Broadcasting，Movie and TV Bureau新闻出版局 Information and Publication Bureau体育局 Sports Bureau统计局 Statistics Bureau旅游局 T ourism Administration粮食局 Grain Bureau常用的外事词汇全自动automatic 半自动 semi-automatic降水量 precipitation107国道 No.National Highway对外联络处 International Office美国对华贸易商 American China Trader对华政策 China policy高新技术 new –high tech（technology）皇帝 Yellow Empire 炎帝 Empire Yan 汉族 Ethnic Han大专 junior college 中专 technical secondary school可持续发展 sustainable development环保 environment friendly物质文明精神文明material progress and cultural progress星级酒店 star-rated hotel集于一体 merge-into a single whole董事长 board chairman首席执行官 CEO（chief executive officer）中国人民对外友好协会Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries．第二篇：外事口译副总统阁下、威廉斯夫人，Your Excellency Vice President and Mrs.Williams, 贵宾们，Distinguished Guests 女士们、先生们：Ladies and Gentlemen，我为能在此设宴招待威廉斯副总统和夫人以及其他贵宾而深感荣幸和愉快。
《口译教程》参考译文-10
Lesson 1010.3 中与欧盟的关系女士们、先生们、朋友们：今天，我很荣幸给大家介绍欧盟的一些情况以及欧盟与中国的关系。
欧盟全称为欧洲联盟，是在欧洲共同体基础上由25个（27）独立的国家组成的，目的是为了加强政治、经济和社会合作。
原来称“欧共体”或“欧洲经济共同体”。
目前的25个成员国是奥地利、比利时、丹麦、芬兰、法国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、英国、塞浦路斯（希腊部分）、捷克共和国、爱沙尼亚、匈牙利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、马耳他、欧兰、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚。
欧盟25国总面积400万平方公里，接近半个中国的面积。
总人口数为4.544亿，排行第三，仅次于中国和印度，约占世界总人口的7%。
欧盟统一货币为欧元，2002年1月1日正式启用。
到目前为止，已经有12个欧盟成员国用欧元取代其本国货币。
统一货币使人们出门旅行、对比价格更为容易，它还为欧洲的商业往来、刺激增长与竞争创造了一个稳定的环境。
到目前为止，欧盟的国内生产总值逾10万亿美元。
作为一个整体，这个规模与它的主要竞争对手美国差不多。
经济总量和贸易总额分别占全球25%和35%。
欧盟与中国关系十分友好。
今年5月欧盟与中国就建交30周年了。
去年，欧盟与中国的进出口贸易总额达到2，000亿欧元。
德国是中国最大的贸易伙伴，英国、荷兰名列第二和第三。
欧盟正抓住当前大好的历史机遇——团结曾经分裂的欧洲大陆，创造一个和平、稳定、民主的欧洲。
*** 这次欧盟的扩大还将创造一个几乎拥有5亿消费者的统一市场，这个市场饱含经济增长和不断繁荣的极大潜力。
我的话讲完了，谢谢大家！10.4 中国与东盟的关系A: Excuse me, could you tell me when ASEAN was established? And how many member countries does it have now?B: 东盟于1967年8月8日成立，目前有10个成员国，它们是：文莱、柬埔寨、印度尼西亚、老挝、马来西亚、缅甸、菲律宾、泰国、新加坡和越南。
常用外交口译词汇（共5篇）
常用外交口译词汇（共5篇）第一篇：常用外交口译词汇常用外交口译词汇Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部 Protocol Department 礼宾司 Information Department 新闻司 diplomatic mission 外交代表机构 embassy 大使馆 legation 公使馆consulate-general 总领事馆 consulate 领事馆office of the chargé d'affaires, 代办处military attaché's office, 武官处commercial counsellor's office 商务处press section, information service 新闻处 liaison office 联络处 diplomat 外交家, 外交官 diplomatic rank 外交官衔diplomatic representative 外交代表members of the administrative and technical staff 行政技术人员 ambassador 大使ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary 特命全权大使nuncio 教廷大使 internuncio 教廷公使counsellor withthe rank of minister, minister-counsellor 公使衔参赞chargé d'affaires, 代办chargé d'affasiread interim, 临时代办counsellor 参赞first secretary 一等秘书 second secretary 二等秘书 third secretary 三等秘书attaché, 随员commercial secretary 商务参赞cultural secretary 文化参赞commercial attaché, 商务专员cultural attaché, 文化专员 military attaché, 武官naval attaché, 海军武官air attaché, 空军武官 consul-general 总领事 consul 领事doyen of the diplomatic corps, dean of the diplomatic corps 外交使团团长roving ambassador 巡回大使ambassador-at-large 无任所大使special envoy 特使accredited to...向…派遣的foreign affairs 外交memorandum, aidememoire 备忘录 persona non-grat 不受欢迎的人 de jure recognition 法律承认 commnique 公报announcement 公告, 通告 letter of credence, credentials 国书mutual recognition 互相承认establishment of diplomatic relations 建立外交关系 letter of introduction 介绍书 during one's absence 离任期间 identification card 身份证 statement 声明de facto recognition 事实上承认persona grata 受欢迎的人diplomatic practice 外交惯例diplomatic immunities 外交豁免diplomatic privileges 外交特权diplomatic channels 外交途径diplomatic courier 外交信使diplomatic bag, diplomatic pouch 外交邮袋letter of appointment 委任书certificate of appointment 委任证书exequatur 许可证书 declaration, manifesto 宣扬 letter of recall 召回公文 note 照会verbal note 普通照会 circular note 通知照会 formal note 正式照会 normalization 正常化be appointed ambassador to...被任命为驻…大使to express regret 表示遗憾to sever diplomatic relations 断绝外交关系to resume charge of the office, to return to one's post 返任 to proceed to take up one's post 赴任 to present one's credentials 递交国书to exchange ambassadors 互派大使to resume diplomatic relations 恢复外交关系to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level 建立大使级外交关系to establish consular relations 建立领事关系to assume one's post 就任to take exception to;to object to 提出异议to upgrade diplomatic relations 外交关系升格to make representations to, to take up a(the)matter with 向…交涉 to lodge a protest with 向…提出抗议 to request the consent of...征求…的同意to suspend diplomatic relations 中断外交关系 tea party 茶会an atmosphere of cordiality and friendship 诚挚友好的气氛reciprocal banquet 答谢宴会 delegation 代表团head of the delegation, leader of the delegation 团长deputy head of the delegation, deputy leader of the delegation 副团长member of the delegation 代表团成员memorial speech 悼词to develop the relations offriendship and cooperation 发展友好合作关系 prosperity and strength 繁荣富强 visit 访问friendly visit, goodwill visit 友好访问 informal visit 非正式访问official visit 正式访问private visit 私人访问state visit 国事访问obituary 讣告questions of common interest;question of common concern 共同关心的问题 state banquet 国宴message of greeting, message of congratulation 贺电 speech of welcome 欢迎词 welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会 cocktail party 鸡尾酒会good health and a long life 健康长寿 profound condolence 深切哀悼 cordial hospitality 盛情接待 the two sides, the two parties 双方 luncheon 午宴message of condolence 唁电 reception 招待会 toast 祝酒词memorial meeting 追悼会to convey one's sympathy 表示慰问 to meet with 会见to review the guard of honour 检阅仪仗队 to exchange views 交换意见 to receive 接见to be shocked to learn of 惊悉be of the opinion, to hold, to consider, to maintain 认为 to propose a toast to...提议为…干杯 on the happy occasion of 欣逢on learning with great joy 欣悉 to give a banquet in honour of...宴请… on invitation, upon invitation 应邀 at the invitation of...应…邀请in the company of..., accompanied by...在…陪同下to express one's sincere congratulations and best wishes 致以衷心的祝贺和最好的愿望to wish prosperity to a country and well-being to its people 祝（某国）国家繁荣人民幸福to take note of...注意到His(Her, Your)Majesty 陛下His(Her, Your)Royal Highness 殿下His(Her, Your)Excellency 阁下His excellency Mr.President and Mme...…总统先生阁下和夫人第二篇：常用外交口译词汇常用外交口译词汇Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部 Protocol Department 礼宾司 Information Department 新闻司 diplomatic mission 外交代表机构embassy 大使馆 legation 公使馆consulate-general 总领事馆 consulate 领事馆office of the chargé d'affaires, 代办处military attaché's office, 武官处commercial counsellor's office 商务处press section, information service 新闻处liaison office 联络处diplomat 外交家, 外交官 diplomatic rank 外交官衔 diplomatic representative 外交代表members of the administrative and technical staff 行政技术人员 ambassador 大使ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary 特命全权大使 nuncio 教廷大使 internuncio 教廷公使counsellor withthe rank of minister, minister-counsellor 公使衔参赞chargé d'affaires, 代办chargé d'affasiread interim, 临时代办counsellor 参赞first secretary 一等秘书second secretary 二等秘书third secretary 三等秘书attaché, 随员commercial secretary 商务参赞 cultural secretary 文化参赞commercia l attaché, 商务专员cultural attaché, 文化专员military attaché, 武官naval attaché, 海军武官air attaché, 空军武官consul-general 总领事 consul 领事doyen of the diplomatic corps, dean of the diplomatic corps 外交使团团长roving ambassador 巡回大使ambassador-at-large 无任所大使special envoy 特使accredited to...向…派遣的foreign affairs 外交memorandum, aidememoire 备忘录 persona non-grat 不受欢迎的人de jure recognition 法律承认commnique 公报announcement 公告, 通告letter of credence, credentials 国书mutual recognition 互相承认establishment of diplomatic relations 建立外交关系letter of introduction 介绍书during one's absence 离任期间identification card 身份证statement 声明de facto recognition 事实上承认persona grata 受欢迎的人diplomatic practice 外交惯例diplomatic immunities 外交豁免diplomatic privileges 外交特权diplomatic channels 外交途径diplomatic courier 外交信使diplomatic bag, diplomatic pouch 外交邮袋letter of appointment 委任书certificate of appointment 委任证书exequatur 许可证书declaration, manifesto 宣扬 letter of recall 召回公文 note 照会verbal note 普通照会 circular note 通知照会 formal note 正式照会 normalization 正常化be appointed ambassador to...被任命为驻…大使to express regret 表示遗憾to sever diplomatic relations 断绝外交关系 to resume charge of the office, to return to one's post 返任to proceed to take up one's post 赴任to present one's credentials 递交国书to exchange ambassadors 互派大使to resume diplomatic relations 恢复外交关系to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level 建立大使级外交关系to establish consular relations 建立领事关系 to assume one's post 就任to take exception to;to object to 提出异议to upgrade diplomatic relations 外交关系升格to make representations to, to take up a(the)matter with 向…交涉to lodge a protest with 向…提出抗议to request the consent of...征求…的同意to suspend diplomatic relations 中断外交关系 tea party 茶会an atmosphere of cordiality and friendship 诚挚友好的气氛reciprocal banquet 答谢宴会delegation 代表团head of the delegation, leader of the delegation 团长deputy head of the delegation, deputy leader of the delegation 副团长member of the delegation 代表团成员memorial speech 悼词to develop the relations offriendship and cooperation 发展友好合作关系 prosperity and strength 繁荣富强visit 访问friendly visit, goodwill visit 友好访问informal visit 非正式访问official visit 正式访问private visit 私人访问state visit 国事访问 obituary 讣告questions of common interest;question of common concern 共同关心的问题 state banquet 国宴message of greeting, message of congratulation 贺电speech of welcome 欢迎词 welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会cocktail party 鸡尾酒会good health and a long life 健康长寿 profound condolence 深切哀悼cordial hospitality 盛情接待the two sides, the two parties 双方luncheon 午宴 message of condolence 唁电 reception 招待会toast 祝酒词memorial meeting 追悼会to convey one's sympathy 表示慰问 to meet with 会见to review the guard of honour 检阅仪仗队 to exchange views 交换意见to receive 接见to be shocked to learn of 惊悉be of the opinion, to hold, to consider, to maintain 认为to propose a toast to...提议为…干杯 on the happy occasion of 欣逢on learning with great joy 欣悉to give a banquet in honour of...宴请…on invitation, upon invitation 应邀 at the invitation of...应…邀请in the company of..., accompanied by...在…陪同下to express one's sincere congratulations and best wishes 致以衷心的祝贺和最好的愿望to wish prosperity to a country and well-being to its people 祝（某国）国家繁荣人民幸福 to take note of...注意到His(Her, Your)Majesty 陛下His(Her, Your)Royal Highness 殿下His(Her, Your)Excellency 阁下His excellency Mr.President and Mme...…总统先生阁下和夫人第三篇：外交口译词汇第五章外交和军事SECTION I: 英译中1.1外事礼仪Aacknowledge v.承认a gathering permeated with a spirit of cordial friendship 充满亲切友情的聚会a rewarding trip 不虚此行accommodate vt.供给…住宿，招待； vi.适应，配合 add a new page to the history of 给…的历史增加了新的一页agenda n.议程alumnus（alumni）;alumna（alumnae）n.校友Bbanquet n.宴会BBQ party n.烧烤会Bon Appetite!int.祝你胃口好！Bon Voyage!int.旅途愉快！buffet n.自助餐buffet reception n.冷餐招待会Ccheek-to-cheek embrace 贴脸拥抱cheers int.干杯closing speech n.闭幕致辞cocktail party n.鸡尾酒会colleague（s）n.同仁commerce ties n.商业关系coexistence n.共存，共处congenial atmosphere n.融洽气氛costume party;masquerade n.化装舞会courtesy call n.礼节性拜会Ddinner / dinner party n.晚宴distinguished guest n.贵宾；佳宾draw to a close 即将结束Eeloquent remark n.雄辩的（动人的）演讲entertain v.招待extraordinary arrangement n.特殊安排；精心安排eye salute n.注目礼Ffarewell ceremony n.欢送仪式feel honored and privileged 感到荣幸feel pleased and honored 感到愉快和荣幸feel proud and honored 感到骄傲和荣幸fellow citizens n.同胞们foreign affairs office n.外事办fulfill one’s ambitions 展鸿图；酬壮志Ggenerous hospitality 盛情款待genuine friendship 真挚友谊give a dinner for a visitor from afar 接风洗尘goodwill visit n.友好访问gracious invitation n.盛情邀请gracious remark n.热情的演讲，评论Guest of Honor n.主宾gun salute n./v.礼炮H heartfelt gratefulness n.由衷的感谢hearty embrace n.热烈拥抱hearty gratitude n.衷心的感谢 heritage n.传统 hospitality n.好客host a farewell dinner for someone 为…饯行host country n.主办国；东道主国家host n.主人I I’ve long heard of you 久仰impromptu speech n.即席讲话in the company of …/ accompanied by… 在…的陪同下inauguration n.开幕式；就职典礼incomparable hospitality n.无比盛情的款待itinerary n.活动日程，路线K, L kind words of welcome n.友好的欢迎词lasting friendship n.长久的友谊long-awaited guest n.盼望已久的客人look back at the past 回顾过去look into the future 展望未来luncheon n.午餐会M, N, O motorcade n.车队nodding acquaintance n.泛泛之交occasion n.场合；时刻opening address n.开幕致辞opening ceremony n.开幕式P pay a return visit v.回拜picnic party n.野餐会propose a toast v.祝酒R receive;play host to v.接待receptionist n.接待员reception n.招待会regard n.尊重；敬意regards n.问候renew old friendships（and establish new contacts）重温旧情S seating arrangement n.席位安排signing ceremony n.签约式sincere gratitude n.真挚的感谢speech of welcome / address of welcome n.欢迎词state banquet n.国宴sworn friend n.刎颈之交T take this opportunity 趁此机会toaster n.祝酒者toast n.祝酒词（结交新友）U unequalled adj.无与伦比的unprecedented adj.前所未有的W warm reception n.热情接待 warm welcome n.热情欢迎 wedding reception n.喜宴welcoming banquet n.欢迎宴会 welcoming ceremony n.欢迎仪式 1.2两国关系 A a resolution n.决议abundant accomplishment n.丰硕的成果accord with /agree with/conform to/meet v.符合acknowledge vt.承认assert v.宣称；维护attempt n./ v.尝试B beckon v.召唤boost v.促进，刺激，增进 bilateral adj.双边的bilateral channels n.双边渠道 bilateral cooperation n.双边合作bilateral diplomatic activities n.双边外交 bilateral relations n.双边关系 bully v.欺侮；以强凌弱 C cast off v.丢弃，摆脱cause n.原因、理想、事业、目标 channel n.渠道channels of dialog n.对话渠道 chaos n.混乱 clash n.冲突coercion n.强迫，高压政治 collapse n.溃败；崩溃 commitment n.承诺，义务 common aspiration n.共同希望common causes n.共同目标；共同理想 common desire n.共同愿望common developmen n.共同发展 common interest n.共同利益 common prosperity n.共同繁荣communiqué n.联合公报community of nations n.国际社会compassion n.同情，怜悯consolidate v.巩固constrain vt.约束；强迫containment n.遏制，遏制政策contradictory;self-contradictory adj.矛盾；自相矛盾convention n.大会；条约；协定；惯例 convergence n.集中counterpart n.相应的、对等的人或物counterproductive adj.起反作用的；反效果的courtesy n.礼貌crisis n.危机；危险期 D dawning n.黎明；开端 decline n./vi.下降；衰落 defy vt./n.挑战；公然挑衅 delay v./ n.耽搁；拖延 decency n.合宜，得体 delightful adj.令人愉快的 deteriorate vt.使恶化；变糟deterioration n.衰败disparity n.不等；不同dispute n./ v.争端diverse adj.多变的diversity n.多样化；气象万千 dominate v.压倒；统治；占优势 E emancipate vt.释放；解放 embody vt.体现embrace v./ n.拥抱；信奉encroach on 侵犯，蚕食encroachment n.侵犯 endeavor n.努力enduring adj.持久的；不朽的 enrich vt.充实equitable adj.公平的；公正的 era n.纪元erupt v.突然爆发 escalation n.升级exacerbate vt.恶化，使…加剧 F flaunt v./n.炫耀；标榜fluctuation n.波动；起伏不定 foil vt.阻挠；挫败formulation n.明确表达；简洁陈述 foundation n.基础；基金会G guarantee n./vt.保证 guidance n.指导gunboat policy（尖船利炮）强权政策 H hamper v.妨碍；牵制harness v 管理，支配，控制 hereby adv.在此hostility n.敌意、敌对状态I ideal arena n.理想的场所，舞台impair v.损害 impetus n.动力 implement n.贯彻in a friendly manner adv.以友好的方式 in a wide range of areas （就）广泛领域 incapacitate v.使不能胜任incentive n.动机；动力 in-depth adj.彻底、深入的 integral adj.整体的international community 国际社会 intervention n.干涉interventionist n./ adj.主张干涉他国内政者 intimidate v.恐吓，威逼 intricacy n.错综复杂 irresistible adj.不可抗拒的 J jeopardize v.危及joint communiqué n.联合公报joint declaration n.联合声明joint efforts n.协力juncture n.时刻、关头；接合点jurisdiction n.权限；管辖权；管辖区域justice n.正义L, M legitimate adj.合法的maintain v.维持；坚持认为make great contribution to 对…有重大贡献 malignant adj.恶性的；致命的 manifold n./ adj.多方面的 meddle v.干涉memorable adj.令人难忘的 mentality n.心理，思维状态 might n.势力，兵力 mighty adj.强大的 mimic vt./adj.模仿mistrust n.不信任；疑心 multilateral adj.多边的 mutual benefit 互利互惠mutual complementarities 互补 mutual confidence 相互信任mutual consultation 共同协商mutual courtesy 礼尚往来mutual promotion 相互促进 mutual respect 相互尊重 mutual supervision 互相监督 mutual trust 相互信任mutual understanding 相互理解 N, O negotiation n.谈判；协商 objective n.目标；目的 obstacles n.干扰；障碍 obstruct n./v.阻碍 origin n.起源；渊源overshadow v.弱化；使…黯然失色 P paralysis n.瘫痪，麻痹partnership n.合作、合伙关系peace-loving adj.爱好和平的perish v.毁灭、死亡permeate v.渗透phenomenal adj.非凡的；杰出的 pioneering adj.开拓性的 pool （efforts）v.协力 potential n.潜力；adj.潜在的 prejudice n.偏见； v.损害prerequisite n.先决条件； adj.首要的，必要的 prescribe v.指示；规定prevailing adj.占优势的；盛行的 prior to 在…之前profound adj.深刻的，意义深远的 proliferation n.扩散promising adj.有前途的，有希望的promote/facilitate/enhance/strengthen/ advance v.加强；促进 prudence n.审慎；慎重 pursue v.追求 R recognition n.承认，认可 reflect v.反映refrain v.节制；制止 regime n.政权，体制 resentment n.不满、怨恨resolutely adv.坚决地；果敢地resolution n.决心；决议respectable adj.可敬的respective adj.分别的，各自的restructure v.重组；体制改革reunification n.统一rhetoric n./adj.修辞；空话 rival n./v.竞争对手rivalry n.竞争；敌对状态 S safeguard v./ n.扞卫 sanction v./ n.制裁score v.取得（成绩、成果…）setback n.挫折；退步 signify v.表征，意味着 solidarity n.团结 sound adj.健全的 source n.来源sponsor n./v.赞助；主办 stability n.稳定 status quo n.现状steadfastly adv.踏实地；坚定地straightforward adj.坦率的；直截了当 strengthen the bond 加强联系；加固纽带 subordinate n./ adj.次要、下属、从属的subsequent adj.后来的，接着发生的，连续的 summit n.峰会；首脑会议symbol / symbolize n./ v象征 T thereby adv.从而threat v./n.威胁，恐吓 trailblazer n.开拓者 trailblazing adj.开拓性 trample n./ v.践踏tranquil adj.安静、宁静的transcend vt.凌驾；超越trans-century adj.跨世纪的transition n.转变、过渡turmoil n.**；冲突tackle v.处理；对付take shape v.成形tense adj.紧张的U undermine v.破坏undesirable adj.不受欢迎的 union n.联盟；工会unswervingly adv.坚定不移地 V vigorous adj.强健的；精力充沛的 volatile adj.不稳定的；多变的 SECTION II: 中译英中国外交1.“走出去”（战略）going global2.安全security, safety3.霸权hegemony4.闭关锁国的过去closed-door past5.闭关政策closed-door policy6.标准criteria7.博大深远extensive and profound8.不对抗non-confrontatio9.不合理irrationality 10.不结盟non-alignment 11.不可克服的困难insurmountable difficulty 12.不平等inequality 13.不懈的努力 unremitting efforts 14.采取具体步骤 undertake concrete step 15.差距gap 16.尝试attempt 17.充满活力dynamism 18.崇高的事业lofty cause 19.崇高理想grand ideal 20.处理分歧address differences 21.穿梭外交shuttle diplomacy 22.打破障碍beak down barriers 23.单边的unilateral 24.单边主义unilateralism 25.邓小平外交思想Deng Xiaoping's diplomatic thoughts 26.低估underestimate / underestimation 27.地方矛盾regional conflict 28.地球村global village 29.地区差异regional disparity 30.地区**（冲突）regional turmoil（conflicts）31.独立自主的和平外交政策independent foreign policy ofpeace32.独立自主原则principles of independence 33.度假外交holiday-making diplomacy 34.对手opponent;rival 35.对外工作external work 36.多边外交multilateral diplomatic activities 37.多边政策multilateralism 38.多极化multi-polarization 39.多极时代multipolar times 40.多极世界multipolar world 41.多极性multi-polarity 42.繁荣prosperity 43.繁荣昌盛flourish 44.仿效imitation 45.分工division of responsibilities 46.分裂活动splittist activities 47.分歧 issues of difference 48.否决权veto right 49.复杂多变的国际形势a complex and volatile international situation 50.复杂化complication 51.复杂性complexity 52.改善，改进ameliorate 53.高层次、全方位的对话high-level and all-directional dialogue 54.高峰论坛summit（forum）55.高级官员senior officials 56.隔阂estrangement 57.各国人民的福祉well-being of all nations 58.公告proclamation 59.公平fairness 60.公正，正义justice 61.共识consensus 62.共赢all-win 63.国家元首head of state 1.国与国state-to-state 2.过渡期the transitional period 3.过分go overboard 4.合法权益the legitimate rights and interests 5.合作关系cooperative relationship 6.和睦关系harmonious relationship 7.和平peace 8.和平方式peaceful means 9.和平共处peaceful coexistence 10.和平外交 peace diplomacy 11.后果；结果 consequence 12.互不干涉内部事务noninterference in each other's internal affairs 13.互不往来non-communication 14.互惠合同reciprocal contract 15.互利合作的伙伴partners of mutual benefit and cooperation 16.怀疑suspicion 17.环太平洋国家the Pacific rim countries 18.缓解（冲突）buffer（conflicts）19.恢复行使主权 resume the exercise of sovereignty（over…）20.回顾过去 in retrospect 21.机制mechanism22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41. 42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.71.72.73.74.积极防御active defense 积极影响positive impact 基石cornerstone 极大的希望great expectation 集合；凝聚aggregation 肩负shoulder 艰巨任务arduous task 建设性的战略伙伴关系a constructive strategic partnership 交换意见exchange notes 交流观点exchange views 结交新友establish new contacts 竭力仿效emulate 解决分歧resolve differences 进步progress;advancement 举世闻名word-renowned 军事机密military intelligence（secrets）考验test 肯定传统affirm old tradition 框架framework 扩大共识expand the common ground 来之不易hard-won 乐观精神optimism 礼尚往来reciprocity in courtesy;reciprocal（mutual）courtesy 礼仪；行为准则decencies 良好诚意good faith 良好周边环境a favorable climate in areas around china 良知 conscience 两岸关系cross-strait relations 领土完整territorial integrity 领土争端border or territorial disputes 履行国际义务fulfill international obligations 盟国ally;allies 民间外交people-to-people diplomacy 模式mode 摩擦friction 睦邻友好good-neighborliness 睦邻友好关系good-neighbor relationship 排除干扰与障碍remove interferences and obstacles 排他性集团exclusive group 排外主义exclusivism 批准ratify平等互利equality and mutual benefit平等互利原则principle of equality and mutual benefit平等伙伴关系equal partnership平等协商equal consultation 齐心协力concerted effort 歧视discrimination 起积极作用make positive contribution to 千年millennium 前景prospect;future 谴责 condemn 强权外交 power diplomacy 强权政策 power politics75.强制执行enforcement 76.侵犯violate;encroach on;an encroachment on 77.求同存异seek common ground while reserving/shelving/putting aside differences 78.曲折twists and turns 79.屈服yield to 80.趋势trend 81.全方位合作all-round cooperation 82.全面的；全方位的all-round;all-around 83.全面接触comprehensive engagement 84.全面提高all-round improvement 85.全球化globalization 86.全世界the world at large;the world over 87.权利和义务rights and interests 88.让步（make）concessions 89.人道主义者humanitarian 90.融合fusion 91.三边的 trilateral 92.深切哀悼 convey profound condolences to 93.审时度势size up the situation 94.使命mission 95.事业undertaking, cause 96.势头momentum 97.树立共有的乐观精神build shared optimism 98.双边的bilateral 99.双边关系bilateral relations 100.双边合作bilateral cooperation 101.双边渠道bilateral channels 102.双边外交bilateral diplomatic activities 103.双赢局面win-win situation 104.顺利平稳过渡smooth transition of power 105.坦诚深入的candid and in-depth 106.条约 treaty 107.停滞不前halt 108.同等尊严equal dignity 109.突破break-through 110.团结unity 111.外部封锁external blockade 112.外交diplomacy 113.外交惯例diplomatic practice 114.外交豁免权diplomatic immunity 115.外交晴雨表diplomatic barometer 116.外交使节diplomatic envoy 117.外交休兵diplomatic truce 118.完全不信任downright distrust 119.完全平等complete equality 120.顽疾stubborn ills 121.为大众谋利seek a common good 122.维护香港的繁荣与稳定maintain the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong 123.维护正义的 justice-upholding 124.文化交流cultural exchange 125.文化使节cultural ambassador 126.文化摇篮cradle of civilization 127.无情的事实inexorable facts128.无秩序状态disorder 129.现状current state 130.详细谈论elaborate on 131.协调harmonize 132.协定agreement 133.结盟alliance 134.协议protocol 135.协作coordination 136.携手join （our）hands;hand-in-hand 137.新的世界形态 a new world pattern 138.新殖民主义neo-colonialism 139.宣称；维护assert 140.宣告，声明declaration 141.亚太地区the Asia-Pacific region 142.严峻的考验 severe test 143.唁电message of condolences 144.一贯的政策 consistent policy 145.以史为鉴，面向未来 take history as guidance and look into the future 146.意识形态ideology 147.永不屈服never yielding 148.增进increase, strengthen, promote, expand, boost 149.增进了解enhance mutual understanding 150.战略关系strategic relationship 151.战略协作伙伴关系strategic partnership of coordination 152.正常化normalization 153.正确的对外方针correct foreign policy 154.正式访问an official visit 155.政权交接transfer of government 156.政权交接the transfer of government 157.政治对话political dialog 158.政治和道义上的支持political and moral support 159.中长期的合作 medium and long term cooperation 160.中日和平友好条约the Sino-Japanese Treaty for Peace and Friendship 161.种族隔离apartheid;racial segregation 162.种族矛盾racial tension 163.种族歧视racial discrimination 164.着手处理approach（a problem）165.重新评估reevaluation 166.主权国家sovereign states 167.驻军 garrison 168.自决自主self-determination 169.自我封闭self-reclusive 170.最不发达国家Least-developed countries（LDCs）171.和平共处五项基本原则the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence ·--平等互利Equality and mutual benefit ·--互相尊重和主权领土完整mutual respect fo r sovereignty, territorial integrity ·--互不侵犯Non-aggression ·--互不干涉内政Non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries ·--和平共处Peaceful coexistence第四篇：常用外交口译词汇Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Protocol Department 礼宾司Information Department 新闻司diplomatic mission 外交代表机构embassy 大使馆legation 公使馆consulate-general 总领事馆consulate 领事馆office of the chargé d’affaires, 代办处military attaché’s office, 武官处commercial counsellor’s office 商务处press section, information service 新闻处liaison office 联络处diplomat 外交家, 外交官diplomatic rank 外交官衔diplomatic representative 外交代表members of the administrative and technical staff 行政技术人员ambassador 大使ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary 特命全权大使nuncio 教廷大使internuncio 教廷公使counsellor withthe rank of minister, minister-counsellor 公使衔参赞chargé d’affaires, 代办chargé d’affasiread interim, 临时代办counsellor 参赞first secretary 一等秘书second secretary 二等秘书third secretary 三等秘书attaché, 随员commercial secretary 商务参赞cultural secretary 文化参赞commercial attaché, 商务专员cultural attaché, 文化专员military attaché, 武官naval attaché, 海军武官air attaché, 空军武官consul-general 总领事consul 领事doyen of the diplomatic corps, dean of the diplomatic corps 外交使团团长roving ambassador 巡回大使ambassador-at-large 无任所大使special envoy 特使accredited to...向…派遣的foreign affairs 外交memorandum, aidememoire 备忘录persona non-grat 不受欢迎的人de jure recognition 法律承认commnique 公报announcement 公告, 通告letter of credence, credentials 国书mutual recognition 互相承认establishment of diplomatic relations 建立外交关系letter of introduction 介绍书during one’s absence 离任期间identification card 身份证statement 声明de facto recognition 事实上承认persona grata 受欢迎的人diplomatic practice 外交惯例diplomatic immunities 外交豁免diplomatic privileges 外交特权diplomatic channels 外交途径diplomatic courier 外交信使diplomatic bag, diplomatic pouch 外交邮袋letter of appointment 委任书certificate of appointment 委任证书exequatur 许可证书declaration, manifesto 宣扬letter of recall 召回公文note 照会verbal note 普通照会circular note 通知照会formal note 正式照会normalization 正常化be appointed ambassador to...被任命为驻…大使to express regret 表示遗憾to sever diplomatic relations 断绝外交关系to resume charge of the office, to return to one’s post 返任to proceed to take up one’s post 赴任to present one’s credential s 递交国书to exchange ambassadors 互派大使to resume diplomatic relations 恢复外交关系to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level 建立大使级外交关系to establish consular relations 建立领事关系to assume one’s post 就任to take exception to;to object to 提出异议to upgrade diplomatic relations 外交关系升格to make representations to, to take up a(the)matter with 向…交涉to lodge a protest with 向…提出抗议to request the consent of...征求…的同意to suspend diplomatic relations 中断外交关系 tea party 茶会an atmosphere of cordiality and friendship 诚挚友好的气氛reciprocal banquet 答谢宴会delegation 代表团head of the delegation, leader of the delegation 团长deputy head of the delegation, deputy leader of the delegation 副团长member of the delegation 代表团成员memorial speech 悼词to develop the relations offriendship and cooperation 发展友好合作关系prosperity and strength 繁荣富强visit 访问friendly visit, goodwill visit 友好访问informal visit 非正式访问official visit 正式访问private visit 私人访问state visit 国事访问obituary 讣告questions of common interest;question of common concern 共同关心的问题state banquet 国宴message of greeting, message of congratulation 贺电speech of welcome 欢迎词welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会cocktail party 鸡尾酒会good health and a long life 健康长寿profound condolence 深切哀悼cordial hospitality 盛情接待the two sides, the two parties 双方luncheon 午宴message of condolence 唁电reception 招待会toast 祝酒词memorial meeting 追悼会to convey one’s sympathy 表示慰问to meet with 会见to review the guard of honour 检阅仪仗队to exchange views 交换意见to receive 接见to be shocked to learn of 惊悉be of the opinion, to hold, to consider, to maintain 认为to propose a toast to...提议为…干杯on the happy occasion of 欣逢on learning with great joy 欣悉to give a banquet in honour of...宴请…on invitation, upon invitation 应邀at the invitation of...应…邀请in the company of..., accompanied by...在…陪同下to express one’s sincere congratulations and best wishes 致以衷心的祝贺和最好的愿望to wish prosperity to a country and well-being to its people 祝（某国）国家繁荣人民幸福to take note of...注意到His(Her, Your)Majesty 陛下His(Her, Your)Royal Highness 殿下His(Her, Your)Excellency 阁下His excellency Mr.President and Mme...…总统先生阁下和夫人新闻热词:“U型衰退”英语怎么说席卷全球的金融危机使世界各国都蒙受了巨大损失，很多国家已陷入经济衰退。
2009年9月高级口译真题及答案
2009年9月高级口译真题SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Part A: Spot DictationFor more than two centuries, America!ˉs collegesand universities have been the backbone of the country's progress. They have educated the technical, _______ (1) work force and provided generation after generation of national leaders. Today, educators from around the country are apt to find many reasons for the _______ (2). But four historic acts stand out as watersheds:First,_______ (3): In 1862, Congress enacted the Land-Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education to all Americans, including _______ (4). Each state was permitted to sell large tracts of federal land, and use the proceeds to endow at least _______ (5). Second, competition breeds success. Over the years, the _______ (6) of the America!ˉs colleges and universities have promoted _______ (7). Competitive pressure first arose during the Civil War when President Lincoln created _______ (8) to advise Congress on any subject of science and art. The Academy's impact really grew after World War when a landmark report _______ (9) the then president argued that it was the federal government!ˉ responsibility to _______ (10) for basic research. Instead of being centralized in government laboratories,_______ (11) in American universities and generated increasing investment. It also _______ (12) and helped spread scientific discoveries far and wide, _______ (13), medicine and society as a whole. Thirdly, _______ (14): The end of World War saw the passage of the Servicemen!ˉs Readjustment Act of 1944. The law, which provided for a college or vocational education _______ (15), made the higher-education system accessible in ways that _______ (16), opening the doors of best universities to men and women who had _______ (17). Finally, promoting diversity: The creation of federal______(18) as well as outright grants for college students brought much needed diversity to higher education and further_______ (19).Since its founding in 1965, the Federal Family Education Loan Program has funded more than 74 million student loans worth _______ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. ( A) She‟s just a city girl and i used to the fast pace of the city.(B) She doesn't haveto drive everywhere to buy things.(C) She likes to garden and putter around in the house she bought.(D) She can go to a whole variety of places to interact with people.2. (A) Going to the country for a vacation makes no sense at all.(B) Renting a vacation house in the country is cheap.(C) People can enjoy the fresh air in the country.(D) People can relax better in the country than in the city.3. (A) The convenient transportation.(B) The interactive social life.(C) The whole car culture.(D) The nice neighborhood.4. (A) You may have fun making barbecues in the garden.(B) You won‟t feel stuk and labeled as you do in the city.(C) It‟s more tolrable than living in the city.(D) It‟s more hatful than living in the country.5. (A) Quite lonely.(B) Very safe.(C) Not very convenient.(D) Not particularly dangerous.6. (A) Because they might harm the poor people.(B) Because their drawbacks outweigh benefits.(C) Because they counterbalance other environmental policies.7.(A) German business confidence index has risen as much as expected recently.(B) The outlook for manufacturing is worsening in foreseeable future.(C) Global economic recession will sap demand for German exports next year.(D) German business situation is expected to get better in the next few months.8. (A) The proposal can cut greenhouse gas emissions from cars to a very low level.(B) This action is obviously going to change global temperatures in the long run.(C) The reduction in gas emissions is insignificant for addressing global warming.(D) The proposal represents a big step in solving the problem of global warming.9.(A) $ 60.5 a barrel.(B) $ 61 a barrel.(C) $ 61.32 a barrel.(D) $ 61.67 a barrel.10. (A) 92. (B) 250.(C) 1,500.(D) 2,500.11. (A) Microsoft. (B) Coca Cola.(C) IBM.(D) Nokia.12. (A) Amounts of revenue underlying the brands.(B) Strong franchise with consumers.(C) Whether or not the brand is a product of a tech company.(D) The degree of resonance consumers have with a brand proposition.13. (A) Because it is monopolistic.(B) Because it is competitive.(C) Because it takes its brand through generations.(D) Because its products fetch high prices.14. (A) The functionality of its product.(B) The emotional appeal of its product.(C) Its basic product being so different.(D) Its highly effective publicity.15. (A) A fantastic corporate culture.(B) A long company history.(C) An excellent product.(D) A sophisticated technology.16. (A) A power station.(B) An importer of bicycles.(C) An association of volunteers.(D) A charity organization.17. (A) To provide help to local villagers.(B) To export bicycles to developing countries.(C) To organize overseas trips.(D) To carry out land surveys.18. (A) They sell them at a very low price.(B) They charge half price.(C) They give them away for free.(D) They trade them for local products.19. (A) 14,000.(B) 46,000.(C) 50,000.(D) 56,000.20. (A) Donating bicycles.(B) Bringing in funds.(C) Taking part in bike rides.(D) Making suggestions about where to send bicycles.SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1--5Talk about timing. Your question arrived in our in-box the same day that we received a note from an acquaintance who had just been let go from his job in publishing, certainly one of the industries that is facing, as you put it, “extreme changes.” He des cribed his layoff as a practically Orwellian experience in which he was ushered into a conference room to meet with an outplacement consultant who, after dispensing with logistics, informed him that she would call him at home that evening to make sure everything was all right.“I assured her I had friends and loved ones and a dog,” he wrote, “and since my relationship wither could be measured in terms of seconds, they could take care of that end of things.” “Memo to HR: Instead of saddling dismissed emp loyees with solicitous outplacement reps,” he noted wryly,“put them in a room with some crockery for a few therapeutic minutes of smashing things against a wall.”While we enjoy our friend‟s sense of humor, we‟d suggest a different memo to HR. “Layoffs a re your moment of truth,” it would say, “when yo company must show departing employees the same kind of attentiveness and dignity that was showered upon them when they entered. Layoffs are when HR proves its mettle and its worth, demonstrating whether a company really cares about its people.Look, we‟ve written before about HR and te game-changing role we believe it can and would play as the engine of an organization‟hiring, appraisal, and development processes. We‟ve asserted that too many comanies relegate HR to the mundane busy-work of newsletters, picnics, and benefits, and we‟ve made the case tat every CEO should elevate his head of HR to the same stature as the CFO. But if there was ever a time to underscore the importance of HR, it has arrived. And, sadly, if there was ever a time to see how few companies get HR right, it has arrived, too, as our acquaintance‟s experience shows.So, to your question: What is HR‟s correc role now‟daespecially in terms of layoffsFirst, HR has to make sure people are let go by their managers, not strangers. Being fired is dehumanizing in any event, but to get the news from a “hired gun” only makes matters worse That‟s why HR must ensure that managers accpt their duty, which is to be in on the one conversation at work that must be personal. Pink slips should be delivered face-to-face, eyeball-to-eyeball.Second, HR‟s role is to serve a the company‟s arbiter of equiy. Nothing raises hackles moreduring a layoff than the sense that some people‟danamely the loudmouths and the litigious‟s getting better deals than others. HR can mitigate that dynamic by making sure across units and divisions that severance arrangements, if they exist, are appropriate and evenhanded. You simply don‟t wa nt people to leave feelingas if they got you-know-what. They need to walk out saying: “At least I know i was treated fairly. Finally, HR‟s role is to absorbpain. In the hours and days after being let go, people need to vent, and it is HR‟s job to be comple tely availableto console. At some point, all outplacement consultant can come into the mix to assist with a transition, but HR can never let “the departed‟s feel as if they‟ve been sentto a leper colony. Someone connected to each let-go employee‟s a either a colleague or HR staffer‟dashould check in regularly. And not just to ask, “Is everything O.K.? but to listen to the answer with an open heart, and when appropriate, offer to serve as a reference to prospective employers.Three years ago, we wrote a column called, “o Many CEOs Get This Wrong,” and while many letters supported our stance that too many companies undervalue HR, a significant minority pooh-poohed HR as irrelevant to the “real work‟s of business. Given the sta te of things, we wonder how those same HR-minimalists feel now. If their company is in crisis‟daor their own career‟daperhaps at last they‟vseen the light. HR matters enormously in good times. It defines you in the bad.1. Why does the author say that his friend‟s note displayed a “sense of humor”(A) Because his layoff experience showed vividly the process of “extreme change”(B) Because he gave a vivid description of the outplacement reps‟ work style(C) Because he suggested to HR how to treat dismissed employees while he himself was fired.(D) Because he was optimistic with the support and understanding from his friends and loved family members after being dismissed.2. The expression “moment of truth” in thsentence “Layoffs are yourmome nt of truth ...when they entered.” (para. 3) most probably means ________(A) critical moment of proving one‟s worth(B) time of dismissing the employees(C) important moment of telling the truth(D) time of losing one‟s dignit3. Which of the following does NOT support the author‟s statement that “HR has to make sure people are let go by their managers, not strangers.”(para. 6)(A) In that case the let-go employee would feel less dehumanized.(B) By doing so the managers treat the employees with respect.(C) HR has thus played the positive role in terms of layoffs.(D) In doing so strangers will only play the role of a “hired gun‟4. The expression “pink slips” in the sentce “Pink slips should bedelivered face-to-face, eyeball-to-e yeball.”(pra. 6) can best be paraphrased as ________.(A) a letter of invitation (B) a notice of dismissal(C) a card of condolences (D) a message of greetings5. Which of the following expresses the main idea of the passage?(A) The time to underscore the importance of HR has arrived.(B) Severance arrangements should be the focus of HR‟s job(C) Employees should be treated with equal respect whether hired or fired.(D) Managers must leave their duty to HR when employees are dismissed.Questions 6-10Senator Barbara Boxer (D) of California announced this month she intends to move ahead with legislation designed to lower the emission of greenhouse gases that are linked by many scientists t o climate change. But the approach she‟s takingis flawed, and the current financial crisis can help us understand why.The centerpiece of this approach is the creation of a market for trading carbon emission credits. These credits would be either distributed free of charge or auctioned to major emitters of greenhouse gases. The firms could then buy and sell permits under federally mandated emissions caps. If a company is able to cut emissions, it can sell excess credits for a profit. If it needs to emit m ore, it can buy permits on the market from other firnls.“Cap and trade,” as it is called, is advocat by several policymakers, industry leaders, and activists who want to fight global warming. But it‟ds based on the trade of highly volatile financial instru ments: risky at best. The better approach to climate change? A direct tax placed on emissions of greenhouse gases. The tax would create a market price for carbon emissions and lead to emissions reductions or new technologies that cut greenhouse gases. This is an approach favored by many economists as the financially sensible way to go. And it is getting a closer look by some industry professionals and lawmakers.At first blush, it might seem crazy to advocate a tax increase during a major recession. But there are several virtues of a tax on carbon emissions relative to a cap-and-trade program. For starters, the country already has a mechanism in place to deal with taxes. Tax collection issomething the government has abundant experience with. A carbon trading scheme, on the other hand, requires the creation of elaborate new markets, institutions, and regulations to oversee and enforce it.Another relative advantage of the tax is its flexibility. It is easier to adjust the tax to adapt to changing economic, scientific, or other circumstances. If the tax is too low to be effective, it can be raised easily. If it is too burdensome it can be relaxed temporarily. In contrast, a cap-and-trade program creates emissions permits that provide substantial economic value to firms and industries.These assets limit the program‟s flexibility one under way, since market actors then have an interest in maintaining the status quo to preserve the value of the assets. What‟s more, they can be a recipe for trouble. As my American Enterprise Institute colleagues Ken Green, Steve Hayward, and Kevin Hassett pointed out two years ago, “sdden changes in economic conditions could lead to significant price volatility in a cap-and-trade program that would be less likely under a carbon-tax regime. Recent experience bears this out. Europe has in place a cap-and-trade program that today looks a little like the American mortgage-backed securities market‟dait‟s total mess. The price of carbon recently fell‟daplummeting from over $30 to around $12 per ton‟daas European firms unloadetheir permits on the market in an effort to shore up deteriorating balance sheets during the credit crunch. It is this shaky experience with cap-and-trade that might explain an unlikely advocate of a carbon tax. Earlier this year, ExxonMobil CEO Rex Tillerson pointed in a speech to the problems with Europe‟s cap-and-trade program‟dasuch the program‟s volaility and lack of transparency‟daas reasons he prefers a carbon tax. That said, new taxes are a tough sell in Washington, which helps explain the current preference for a cap-and-trade scheme. Despite this, there are ways to make a carbon tax more politically appealing.The first is to insist that it be “revenue nutral.” This means that any revenues collected from the tax are used to reduce taxes elsewhere, such as payroll taxes.The advantage of this approach is that it places a burden on something that is believed by many to be undesirable (greenhouse-gas emissions) while relieving a burden on something that is desirable (work). Another selling point is that the tax can justify the removal of an assortment of burdensome and costly regulations such as CAFE standards for car. These regulations become largely redundant in an era of carbon taxes. But it may be that a carbon tax doesn‟t need an elaborate sales pith today when the alternative is trading carbon permits. The nation‟s recent experence with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the mortgage-backed securities market should prompt Congress to think twice when a member proposes the creation of a highly politicized market for innovative financial instruments, no matter how well intentioned the program may be.6. The author introduces Senator Barbara Boxer in the passage because she ________.(A) has made suggestions to ease the current financial crisis(B) is a pioneer in the reduction of greenhouse gases emission(C) is well-known for her proposal on legislation reform(D) plans to propose the legislation of cap-and-trade program7. Which of the following CANNOT be true about the carbon emission credits system?(A) The use of carbon credits would show clearly emitters‟ efforts in carbon cutting(B) The credits might be distributed free or auctioned to the emitters.(C) The price of carbon credits could fluctuate with changing economic conditions.(D) The credits can be bought and sold between emitters for profits.8. According to the passage, the cap-and-trade program ________.(A) will be much more useful in fighting global warming(B) will not be as effective as a tax on carbon emissions(C) is being examined by industry professionals and lawmakers(D) is supported by many policymakers, industry leaders and activists9. The expression “to shore up” in the sentce “as European firms unloaded their permits on the market in an effort to shore up deteriorating balance sheets during the credit crunch”(para.6)can best paraphrased as ________.(A) to eliminate (B) to revise and regulate(C) to give support to (D) to correct and restructure10. In the last paragraph, the author mentions Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the mortgage-backed securities to tell the Congress that ________.(A) the experience with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the mortgage-backed securities will be useful for the creation of a highly politicized market(B) the lessons from Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the mortgage-backed securities should not be neglected(C) the argument over cap-and-trade program and direct tax on carbon emissions should be stopped(D) the legislation for a cap-and-trade scheme will prove to be the solution to greenhouse gases emissionQuestions 11--15The gap between what companies might be expected to pay in tax and what they actually pay amounts to billions of pounds‟daon that much, everyon can agree. The surprising truth is that no one can agree how many billio ns are missing, or even how to define “tax gap”. Estimates rang from anything between …dê3bn to nearly …dê14bn, depenng on who is doing the calculations. Even the people in charge of colleting the taxes‟daHer Majesty‟s Revenue and Custom (HMRC)‟daadmit the y have only thevaguest idea of how many further billions of pounds they could be getting...and it took a freedom of information request before they would admit the extent of their lack of knowledge.Any media organization or MP attempting to pursue the subject will find themselves hampered by the same difficulties faced by the tax collectors‟dasecrecy and complexity. The Guardian‟investigation, which we publish over the co ming two weeks, is no different.The difficulty starts with an inability of anyone to agree a definition of “tax avoidance”. I continues through the limited amount of information in the public domain. And it is further hampered by the extraordinary complexity of modern global corporations.International companies based in the UK may have hundreds of subsidiary companies, which many use to take advantage of differing tax regimes as they move goods, services and intellectual property around the world. It is estimated that more than half of world trade consists of such movements (known as transfer-pricing) within corporations.Companies are legally required publicly to declare these subsidiaries. But they generally tell shareholders of only the main subsidiaries. The Guardian‟s investiation found five major UK-based corporations which had ignored the requirements of the Companies Act by failing to identify offshore subsidiaries. This is just one example of the atmosphere of secrecy and non-disclosure in Britain which has allowed tax avoidance to flourish. The result is that fewoutside of the lucrative industries of banking, accountancy and tax law have understood the scale of the capital flight that is now taking place.British tax inspectors privately describe as formidable the mountain outsiders have to climb in order to comb through the accounts of international companies based in London. “The companies old all the cards,” said one senior former tx inspector. “It‟s v ery difficult because you don‟d always know what you are looking for...You are confronted with delay, obstruction and a lot of whingeing from companies who complain about …d(R)unreasonable requests‟. Sometimes you are juspiecing together a jigsaw. Anoth er former senior tax inspector said: “On of the problems the Revenue has is that the company doesn‟t have to disclose the amount oftax actually paid in any year and the accounts won‟t reveal the liability. Each company hasits own method of accounting for t ax: there‟s no uniform way of declaring it all.”For journalists trying to probe these murky waters, the problems are so substantial that few media organizations attempt it.A trawl through the published accounts of even a single major group of companies can involve hunting around in the registers of several different countries. It takes a lot of time and a lot of money. Companies‟dawith some far-sighted Britih exceptions‟da simply refuse to disclose any more than what appears in the published figures. The legal fiction that a public company is a “legal person”, entitled to total tax secrecand even to “human rights”, makes it normall impossible for a journalist to penetrate the tax strategies of big business. HMRC refuse, far example, to identify the 12 major companies who used tax avoidance schemes to avoid paying any corporation tax whatever.It is difficult to access experts to guide the media or MPs through this semantic jungle. The “Big Four” accountants and tax QCs who make a livingout of tax avoidance, have no interest in helping outsiders understand their world. Few others have the necessary knowledge, and those that do, do not come cheap or may be conflicted. “Secrecy is the offshore world‟s grea protector,” writes William Brittan-Caitlin, Londonbased former Kroll investigator in his book, Offshore. “Government and states ae generally at a loss to diagnose in detail what is really going on inside corporate internal markets. Corporations are extremely ecretive about the special tax advantages these structures give them.11. According to the passage, the “tax gap” is _______(A) a well-defined term included in both British taxation system and the Companies Act(B) an accepted practice adopted by most international companies based in the UK(C) a practice difficult to define and discover but common with companies in Britain(D) the target which has been attacked by British tax inspectors over the past decades12. It can be concluded that many international companies “move goods, services and intellectual property around the world” (para.4) within corpoations mainly in order ________.(A) to make use of different tax systems to avoid taxation(B) to give equal support to all the subsidiaries around the world(C) to expand the import and export trade with other countries(D) to raise their productivity and to maximize the profitability13. When one former senior tax inspector comments that “Sometime s you are just piecing together a jigsaw “(para. 6), h most probably means that ________.(A) investigating a company‟s acounts is the same as playing a children‟s gam(B) the Revenue should reform its regulation to fight illegal “tax avoidance(C) i t‟s a complicated matter t investigate an international company‟s account(D) it‟s a diffident task toovercome the obstruction from the company‟s sid14. By using the expression “legal fction”(para. 8) to dscribe today‟s status of a public company,the author is trying to imply that such a definition ________.(A) is a humanitarian and legitimate definition protecting the rights of companies(B) is ridiculous, absurd and hinders the investigation of tax strategies of big companies(C) is an incorrect and inexact concept to reveal the nature of modem businesses(D) is a reflection of the reality of companies and corporations and should not be altered15. In writing this article, the author is planning to tell all of the following to the readers EXCEPT that ________.(A) the gap between what companies are expected to pay in tax and what they actually pay is too enormous to be neglected(B) secrecy and complexity are the two major protectors of international corporations in tax avoidance(C) there are loopholes in the legislation concerning companies which obstruct the practice of taxation(D) the government plans to investigate the “tax gap” and “taxoidance” of international companiesQuestions 16--20One of the many upsetting aspects to being in your forties, is hearing people your own age grumbling about “young people” the way we we grumbled about ourselves. Old friends will complain, “Youngsters today have no respect lik we did”, and I‟ll think: “Hang on. I rememb the night you set a pu ma loose in the soft furnishings section of Pricerite‟s.There‟s also a “radicals” versiof this attitude, a strand within the middle-aged who lament how today‟s youngsters, “Don‟t demonstrate like wed”, because “we were always marching agains apartheid or f or the miners but students these days don‟t seem bothered”. It would seem natural i they went on: “The bloody youth of today; the‟ve no disrespect for authority. In my day you started chanting and if a copper gave you any lip you gave him a clip round the ear, and he didn‟t do it again. We‟ve lost those values somehow.You feel that even if they did come across a mass student protest they‟d sneer. “That isn‟t proper rebellion, they‟ve used the internet. …dou wouldn‟t have caught Spartacus rounding up his forces by putting a message on Facebook saying …d(R)Hi Cm 2 Rome 4 gr8 fite 2 liber8 slaves lets kill emprer lol‟‟d It doesn‟t help that many of the student leaers from the sixties and seventies ended up as ministers or journalists, who try to deny they‟ve reneged on theirprinciples by making statements such as: “It‟s t rue I used to run the Campaigto Abolish the British Army, but my recent speech in favour of invading every country in the world in alphabetical order merely places those ideals in a modern setting.Also it‟s become a tougher prospectto rebel as a student, as tuition fees force them to work while they‟re studying. But over thelast two weeks students have organized occupations in 29 universities, creating the biggest student revolt for 20 years. In Edinburgh, for example, the demands were that free scholarships should be provided for Palestinian students, and the university should immediately cancel its investments with arms companies.So the first question to arise from these demands must be: what are universities doing having links with arms companies in the first place? How does that help education? Do the lecturers make。
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VOA 20091023 外交部翻译口译笔记
Many people think the search for cleaner energy leads only to
renewable resources like sun, wind and water.
许多人认为寻找更清洁能源仅限于开采太阳，风和水等能源。
But it also leads to a fossil fuel.
但是，还有一种，矿物燃料。
Natural gas is considered the cleanest of the fossil fuels, the
fuels created by plant and animal remains over millions of
years.
天然气被认为最清洁的矿物燃料。
矿物燃料由植物或动物遗体
经过数百万年转化而来。
Burning it releases fewer pollutants than oil or coal.
燃烧天然气释放的污染物少于石油或煤炭。
The gas is mainly methane.
天然气的主要成分是甲烷，
It produces half the carbon dioxide of other fossil fuels.
它释放出的二氧化碳气体是其他矿物燃料的一半。
So it may help cut the production of carbon gases linked to
climate change.
所以，天然气也能帮助减少与气候变化有关的二氧化碳排放量。
Russia is first in what are called "proved reserves" of natural
gas.
俄罗斯是首个拥有天然气“探明储备”的国家，
The United States is sixth.
美国是第六个。
Over the years, big oil and gas companies recovered much of the easily reached supplies of gas in America.
几年来，大型石油和天然气公司已经开采了美国比较容易获得的天然气储备。
They drilled straight down into formations where gas collects. 他们直接在地上钻井，到达天然气储备区。
As these supplies were used up, big drillers looked for similar formations in other countries.
这些储备被开采完之后，大型开采公司又到其他国家寻找类似的储备。
But now the industry is taking a new look.
但是，该行业出现了一番新的景象。
Companies are developing gas supplies trapped in shale rock two to three thousand meters underground.
天然气公司开始开采处于地下2000至3000米的页岩中的天然气储备。
They drill down to the shale, then go sideways and inject
high-pressure water, sand or other material into the rock.
他们钻孔一直钻到页岩，然后从旁边向岩石中注入高压的水，沙子和其他材料。
This causes the rock to break, or fracture, releasing the gas.这样会导致岩石断裂或破碎，然后释放出气体。
Huge fields of gas shale are believed to lie under the Appalachian Mountains, Michigan and the south-central states.
据称，在阿巴拉契亚山脉，密歇根和中南部各州地下蕴藏着大范围的天然气页岩。
Gas shale exploration is being done mainly by small to medium sized companies.
页岩天然气的勘测工作主要由小型或中等规模的公司进行。
Eric Potter is a program director in the Bureau of Economic Geology at the University of Texas at Austin.
Eric Potter是得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校州经济地质局的项目主任。
ERIC POTTER: "The types of opportunities that are left for natural gas exploration in the U.S. have changed.
Eric Potter：“美国天然气勘测的可能方式已经发生改变。
So it's a different class of resource
所以这是不同级别的资源
--not as easy to develop, and not even recognized as something worth pursuing, say, twenty years ago."
——不是那么容易开采，甚至，20年前还被认为是不值得开采的资源。
”
He says more than half the gas in the United States is now coming from these new reserves.
他说，现在美国超过一半的天然气来自这种新的储备。
But hydraulic fracturing can also produce debate and anger over the risk of groundwater pollution
但是水力破碎也会造成人们对地下水污染风险的争辩和愤怒。
This method of drilling is not federally supervised under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
这种开采方法并未受到安全饮用水法的监测。
Some in Congress want to end that exemption from the law. 一些国会成员希望终止这种勘测方法的法律豁免权。
Natural gas provides Americans with about one-fourth of their energy.
天然气为美国人提供了大约四分之一的能源。
And, unlike oil, most of it is produced in America.
与石油不同，大部分天然气由美国国内生产。
Gas producers invested heavily in reaching new supplies when prices were high.
价格升高时，天然气生产商就会加大投资，开发新的储备。
But prices are down sharply now because the recession cut demand for energy.
但是现在，由于经济衰退使能源需求减少，天然气价格锐减。
So energy expert Eric Potter says it is too early to know how the new gas shale reserves will affect the market.
所以能源专家Eric Potter表示，要断定页岩天然气储备将怎样影响市场还为时过早。