外交部翻译口译笔记VOA20090527

VOA 20090527外交部翻译口译笔记
Smoking is the world's leading preventable cause of death.
吸烟是世界上处于首位的可以预防的死因。

In the United States, smoking rates are down from the past,
在美国，吸烟率比过去有所降低，

but cigarettes still cause about one-fifth of all deaths.
但是吸烟导致死亡仍然占所有死亡总数的五分之一。

Nonsmokers are also affected.
非吸烟者也受到了影响。

Thousands in the United States die each year from heart
disease and lung cancer from breathing other people's
tobacco smoke.
在美国，每年有数千人由于吸入二手烟导致心脏病和肺癌最
终死亡。

Secondhand smoke also causes breathing infections in young
children. It can even cause sudden death in babies.
二手烟还会导致幼童呼吸系统感染，甚至会造成婴儿突然死
亡。

In recent years there has been a strong push for local and state
governments to ban public smoking.
近几年，强大的动力敦促地方政府和州政府禁止公共场合吸烟。

The American Lung Association says half of the fifty states have passed
smoke-free laws.
美国肺协会称，美国的50个州已经有半数通过了禁烟令。
Some measures are weaker than others.
有的措施可能没有那么强硬，

But many are comprehensive bans
但是许多是广泛的禁令

-- they include restaurants and bars as well as other workplaces.
——包括餐馆，酒吧和其他工作场所。

Wisconsin and North Carolina both approved smoking bans on the
same day this month.
威斯康辛州和北卡罗莱纳州本月同一天同时通过禁烟令。

Wisconsin passed a comprehensive ban that will take effect in July
of next year.
威斯康辛州通过了广泛性禁烟令，将于明年7月份开始生效。

North Carolina passed a ban on smoking in restaurants and bars;
北卡罗莱纳州通过法令禁止在餐馆和酒吧吸烟，

it takes effect in January.
将于明年1月份生效。

The new law may not go as far as some would like,
这些新的法律可能不像其他法律那样详尽和有力，

but the action is historic.
但是，此举是历史性的。

North Carolina is America's top tobacco producing state.
北卡罗莱纳是美国生产烟草最多的州。
Other proposals are being debated across the country.
其他提案在全国范围内引起辩论。

Opponents argue that smoking bans cause job losses in
restaurants and bars.
反对者称，禁烟令导致餐馆和酒吧就业机会的减少。

As a compromise, some bans exclude these establishments.
作为折衷，一些禁令应该将这些设施排除在外。

But new research rejects this argument.
但是新的研究驳回了这个理由。

Elizabeth Klein, an assistant professor at the College of Public
Health at Ohio State University, was the lead author.
俄亥俄州立大学公共卫生学院的副教授Elizabeth Klein是该研究
的首席作者。

She says the study was the first to compare the economic effects of
different kinds of smoking bans.
她说，这是第一个比较不同禁烟令的经济影响的研究。

She says the study looked at restaurants and bars because
research suggests that people who drink alcohol are also more
likely to smoke.
她说，该研究主要调查了餐馆和酒吧，因为此前有研究认为饮酒
的人吸烟的可能性更大。

The study examined employment records for eight cities in
Minnesota for a three-year period through two thousand six.
该研究从2006年开始，对明尼苏达州八个城市的就业记录进行了
三年的观察。

These cities have differing policies on public smoking.
这几个城市对公共场合吸烟采取了不同的政策。
The study also included two cities with no such restrictions.
该研究还包括两个没有采取禁令的城市。

Professor Klein says the employment differences were so small
that they could not be considered significant.
Klein教授说，各个城市的就业率差别很小，可以认为差异不显著。

Communities with the strongest policies had nine fewer employees
per ten thousand community members than those with partial
bans or none at all.
政策比较强硬的社区比那些只采取局部禁令或完全没有禁令的就
业率每一万人中少九人。

The study appears in the June issue of Prevention Science.
该研究结果发表在六月份的《预防科学》杂志上。