趣谈人体部位名词构成的习语

趣谈人体部位名词构成的习语

在英语中经常会出现一些习惯用语、俚语、谚语及成语。为了进一步了解外国人士交谈时所习惯用的语句。增进对一般较为正式英语的理解水平，广泛的收集和使用英、美现代生活中流行的通俗习语是十分必要的。以下是face , eye , foot, hand人体部位词构成的新颖趣味习语，并在一些习语中加以准确释义，附简明例句以说明用法。

1、Face

1.1 Face (n.)

脸是和汉语有较多共同点甚至有的直接是从汉语中译过来的，这是它的特殊方面。

脸部表情的表达：

a long face 拉长了脸

a straight face 一本正经的面孔

a smooth face 光滑无须的脸；讨好或假意的脸

a smiling face 笑脸

a face like fiddle 无表情的脸

从汉语中引进来的成语：

lose face 丢脸

save face 保全面子，面子就是人的自尊心。

make a face 做鬼脸

show one's face 露面

about face 向后转

set one's face against 坚持反对

fall flat one's face 一败涂地

fly in the face of 公然反对

put a bold face on it 若无其事

keep a straight face 一本正经

face和介词in搭配：

laugh in sb's face 当面地公开地蔑视某人

fly in the face of 公然反对

look sb. in the face 直视某人

stare sb. in the face 近在没眉捷，盯着看

slap sb. in the face 打人耳光，比喻侮辱人

例：I don't want to slap them in the face by not coming to their party.

我不想不参加他们的聚会，伤他们的心。

in the face of 不顾

例：She succeeded in the face of great difficulties. 即使困难重重，她还是完成了任务。

1.2 Face作为动词也可形成很多习语

1.2.1 Face the music

to go through trouble, face punishment 勇于接受处罚，自食其果

例：①The official who had been taking bribes was exposed by paper, and had to face the music .

②He had to accept being put on trial and set to prison.

官员受贿被报纸曝光，他必须吃官司。

1.2.2 face sth. out

stand one's ground refuse to admit one's fault 坚持到底，不让步

例：I was clear his excuse was untrue, but he face it out.

我清楚他的托辞是站不住脚的，但他硬狡辩。

1.2.3 face up to

to accept sth. unpleasant 勇于面对；...应付

例：You'll have to face up to your responsibilities now. 你现在得能于成承担自己的责任。

其它习语：

face to face 面对某人

例：I'd like to talk to him face to face. 我想和他当面谈谈。

I have heard about him, I have never met him face to face.

我听说过他，但从未亲眼见过他。

face to face struggle 面对面的斗争

1.2.4 名词face和动词搭配

set one's face against 坚决反对

keep a straight face 板着脸

fall on one's face 跌倒，出洋相。它和one's face falls 截然不同，它的意思为听到不愉快的事脸沉下来。

hide one's face from 不理踩

put a new face on sth. 使某事改观

take sth. at face value 对某事信以为真

put on bold face 在危机时装出不在乎

例：Our company is nearly bankrupt, but we must put a bold face on it.

我们公司面临破产，但我们必须支撑门面照常营业。

come face to face with sth. 被近面对某事物

例：She came face to face with death. 她面前只有死路一条。

1.2.5 face还能够引出趣味的与字面毫不相关的习语。

feed one's face (have meals) 吃饭lift sb.'s face (make sb.'s face changed)为某人整容

2、eye

2.1 eye (n.)

眼睛不管对人或其它动物来说都是非常重要的感觉器官，人们常说，眼睛是心灵的窗户，的确，眼睛能够提示人的内心世界，虽然用文字来形容一个人是有限的，远不如一幅肖像画那样富于表现力，但仍有很多的习语是通过眼睛来提示人的个性或表达其它的意义的，眼睛很宝贵，所以我们叫人当心，能够说：Mind your eye!

under one's very eyes 在...面前

例：They must have stolen the papers under my very eyes.

他们一定是在我面前偷走了文件。

eye与介词搭配：an eye for 鉴赏力

例：She's got a good eye for fashion.

她对时装很有眼光。

have an eye on 观察评判某人

例：They've got their eyes on you for promotion.

他们为了晋升的事已在密切注意你。

have eye's in the back of one's head 能看到一切

in the eyes of 从...看来

例：In the eyes of the law, she's a dangerous criminal.

从法律上看来，她是个危险的罪犯。

keep an eye on 照看，对...留神

例：Our neighbors keep an eye on the house while we're away.

我们外出时，邻居给我们照看房子。

keep an eye out for 努力注意并记住

例：The police are keeping an eye out for trouble.

警察正在密切注意事端的发生。

keep one's eyes peeled 警觉

up to your eyes in 非常忙

see eye to eye 完全同意

with one's eyes open 明知后果如何

make eyes at someone 向某人送秋波

2.2 eye其它一些用法

表人或事物

2.2.1用于贬义的词语（形容令人讨厌的人）

beady-eyed 珠子眼，目光贪婪的

cock-eyed 公鸡眼，斜眼儿疯疯癫癫的

fish-eyed 鱼眼，目光呆滞，不知所措的神情

lynx-eyed 山猫眼，眼尖，目光锐利的

owl-eyed 猫头鹰眼，因惊奇而瞪圆了眼睛

2.2.2用于褒义的词语

eagle-eyed 目光炯炯的，眼光敏锐的，形容人善于用心观察事物，不易上当受骗。

2.2.3短语在句子中的使用

an eye for an eye 以眼还眼，以牙还牙

例：If the state government punishes a murderer by death, it's an eye for an eye.

如果川政府判处一个杀人犯死刑，那就是以牙还牙。

make eyes at 向某人使眼色，以目传情

例：He makes eyes at every girls he see.

他看见姑娘就使媚眼。

only have eyes for 只对...感兴趣

例：He only has eyes for his wife.

他只爱自己的妻子。

up to the one's eyes in 债台高筑，忙得不可开交

例：I can't come out today, I'm up to my eyes in work.

今天我不能出来，我正忙着工作。

the apple of one's eye 比喻宝贵的人或东西

例：The girl was the apple of her parents eye.

这女孩子是她父母的掌上明珠。

2.3 与eye 引出与字面这无相关的习语

an eye in the shy 侦察卫星

private eye 私人侦探

eyewash 胡说八道

easy as my eye 易如反掌

my eyes 天哪！（表反对、惊讶）

dust the eye of 欺骗，蒙蔽

3、Foot

3.1 Foot(n.)

脚是人站立的支撑点，所以它常用来表示底部、根茎、实在的意思。

both feet on the ground(think over)经过深思的，脚踏实地的。它的反义词为：have one's head in the clouds 空想的同意词为down to earth

例：They got married very suddenly. They said they had both feet on the ground, but I have berry doubts.

他们突然结婚，说已经仔细考虑，但我仍是怀疑。

be on one's feet 站着

例：I've been on my feet all day. 我已站了一整天了。

3.2 Foot (n.)

是人行走的工具，on foot 步行由此产生。不过含意英美有差异。英国人指在实行之中，美国人指在计划之中。

3.3 foot和have搭配可构成很多习语

have cold feet (fear)害怕，这是十九世纪西方国家士兵造出的习语。当时前线士兵常患的疾病是“冻脚”，士兵便装做冻脚，以躲避打仗，所以have cold feet指在困难危险时害怕而逃。

have one foot in the grave= dying 字面为一支脚踏入坟墓，意思为面临死亡。不过be carried cut feet fore most 与字面无关，指死后被抬出去葬

have one's foot on the neck of 完全制服某人

have one's feet on the ground 脚踏实地，实事求是。

3.4 foot可和动词搭配

put a foot wrong=make a slightest fault 犯小错误

例：When he put a foot wrong, the boss was down on him at once.

他稍有不对，老板就会立刻向他发火。

但否定句can't put a foot wrong通常意味着无可庇义的，从来没受过批评或被人找过岔。put one's best foot forward=go, run as quickly as possible比喻全力以赴的飞速走或跑，也可指工作努力，意思为break one's neck, set sb. on one's feet 踏上，进入

stand on one's feet 站立，恢复健康，经济独立

keep one's feet 站住脚

sit at sb.'s feet 倾倒某人

fall one one's feet 安然脱险

rise one's feet 站起

put one's feet down 坚决反对某人想做的事

例：Mother let us go to the party, but when if came to staying overnight, she put her foot down firmly.

母亲充许我们参加晚会，但要说到过夜，她可决不答应。

但put one's feet down本意是加速的意思，来自司机踩油门的举动，含义强制，强加。

rush sb. off his feet 某人累坏了，使某人疲于奔命

例：Before Christmas the shop assistants are rushed off their feet.

圣诞节前店员忙得不可开交。

put one's foot in one's mouth 说错话

例：She put her foot in her mouth with her joke about that church, not knowing that one of the guests belonged to it.

她开教堂的玩笑，无意中伤了那个教堂里的一位教友。

leap to one's feet 站起来

例：He leapt to his feet as I walked in.

我走进去时，他站起身来。

set foot in a place 进入某地

例：I hope he never sets foot in this house again.

我希望他再也不要踏进这个家。

3.5 foot还能够做动词形成很多习语：

foot the bill (all expenses incurred) 付款

例：Marry bought most dress and expected her husband to foot the bill.

买了最贵连衣裙后，玛丽指望丈夫付钱。

4、hand

4.1 hand (n.)

手是用来劳动的工具，一般多表示协助、出力、参加、经手

例：a good hand at 善于 a poor hand, a green hand 生手

a free hand 放手处理...权力 a light hand (an old hand) 熟手

例：She's an old hand at this sort of work. 做这种工作她是老手了。

4.2 hand可和介词搭配

by hand 用手

例：All the stitching has been done by hand.

所有的线都是用手缝的。

from hand to mouth 仅够糊口

例：When Thom was out of job, the family lived from hand to mouth.

约翰失业了，全家过着粗荼淡饭的日子。

on one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面

例：On the one hand the job isn't very well paid, but on the other hand I enjoy it .

这个工作虽然报酬不高，但我喜欢做。

out of hand 不受控制

例：The football fans have got completely out of hand.

那些足球迷已经完全失去控制。

out of hand的反义词in hand 控制之中

例：We have the situation well in hand.

我们完全控制住了局面。

at hand near, soon, 在手边备用，即将来临。

例：When I write, I always keep a dictionary at hand.

当我写作时，总是把字典放在手边。

at first hand 从自身的直接经验

例：I found out it at first hand.

这是我直接发现的。

in good hand 受到很好的照顾

例：At least I know that the children are in good hands.

最起码我知道孩子们正受到很好的照顾。

on hand 准备帮忙

例：The emergency services were on hand in case there was any trouble.

应急服务部门作好了准备，如有事故随时能够协助。

to hand 附时可用

例：I haven't got a pen to hand. 我没有带笔。

have还能够和with搭配，做方式状语，表态度。

with a firm hand 坚决地

with an iron hand 苟严地

with a bold hand 大胆地

with a heavy hand 粗手粗脚的

with a high hand 用高压手段

with clean hands 廉洁地

with a strong hand 决断地

with an open hand 慷慨地

4.3 hand和动词give搭配

give a glad hand 欢迎...人

give one's hand to sb. 答应和...结婚

give sb. a hand= lend sb. a hand 求某人帮忙

和其它动词搭配：marry with the left hand 与门弟比自己低的人结婚have one's hand full 忙的不可开交

例：With three young children I should think you're got your hands full?

有三个小孩子要带，我想你一定很忙。

have a hand in something 对某事负有部分责任

例：I had no hand in organizing the trip.

我没有参与组织此次旅行。

sit on one's hand 坐守不前lift one's hand against 打

lay/get one's hands on sth. 得到某物

例：If only I could get my hands on a bit of extra money.

但愿我能再有点额外的收入。

show one's hand 打牌上用语，摊牌. 其含义：泄露计划=tip one's hand shake hands with 和...握手= give sb. some skin, wash one's hand

= throw one's hand in 洗手不干，和...断绝关系keep one's hand in = keep in practice 使...不荒废

例：I have an occasional round to play golf, just to keep my hand in .

我偶尔打一回高尔夫，只为了不荒废。

put one's hand to =set one's hand to 着手，从事

put one's hand to = get one's finger out 开始做

take sb. in hand 管教某人

例：Those dreadful children need to be taken in hand.

那些讨厌的孩子需要加以管教。

4.4 hand还能够作动词不达意形成短语

hand out (to give sth. to ... 分发)

hand down (arrange to give or leave after death遗传)

hand down可作形容词，副词短语容易上当的，反对地

例：The Chinese team won a hands-down victory in the match.在比赛中，中国队轻易获胜。

例：The Chinese team won the game hands down.(副词短语）

hand off =to give the football to 传递足球

除此还能够作感叹词和形容词短语，相当于

Don't have a finger in the pie. 不要干涉的意思。

例：①I have a hand off rule in his matters. 我对他的事采取不干涉的原则。（形容词短语）

②I was going to pick the flowers, that man cried："Hands off."

我刚要摘花，那个人就喊道：“不要动。”（感叹词短语）

hand in =turn in 交上，不过hand in glove不是交手套的意思，是形容词副词短语=friendly 友好的

例：He was found to be hand in glove with the enemy.

已发现他跟敌人勾结在一起。

hand sth. on 依次传递

例：Please read this notice and hand it on.

请看一下这则通知，然后再传给其它人看。

hand out与take out意思相等。

hand over 把某物交给某人

例：Come on, hand over the money.

快，把钱交出来。

hand over first意思为fast and in large amounts. 量的快速发展

hand up 举起手来，它也可作感叹词短语hands up! =hands off! 请勿动手! 由hand形成的谚语：

Many hands make light work. 众人拾柴火焰高。

Don't bite the hand that feed you. 别恩将仇报。

A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. 一鸟在手用似二鸟在林。

***在日常英语中还有很多由表人体部位的词mouth, skin, tooth, neck, hair等构成的习语。

例：be armed to the teeth 武装到了牙齿

do up one's hair 梳头

stick one's neck out 担风险

big mouth 长舌妇

总来说之，英语习语的上述构成充分展示了它的生动性和趣味性。在日常英语中广泛学习使用这些习语会提升英语的趣味感；强化英语的深度与广度。