2018年上海黄浦区高三一模试题(附答案)
2018年黄浦区高三一模语文试题一、积累运用10分1．按要求填空。
（5分）（1），其可怪也欤！（韩愈《师说》）（2）黄庭坚《登快阁》中“，”两句运用典故，表达作者不与世俗同流合污的超脱和孤傲情怀。
（3）“明月几时有？”（苏轼《·明月几时有》）两句诗化用了李白《把酒问月》中的句子：“青天有月来几时？我今停杯一问之。
”2．按要求选择。
（5分）（1）“11.11”购物节小红总是买得停不下来，妈妈想用一句话点醒她，以下句子不合适的一项是（）（2分）A．由俭入奢易，由奢入俭难。
B．博观而约取，厚积而薄发。
C．省吃餐餐有，省穿日日新。
D．黄金本无种，出自勤俭家。
（2）依次填入下面语段空白处的语句，最恰当的一项是（）（3分）孔子重辞命，他觉得这不是一件容易的事，，。
他称赞宰我、子贡擅长言语，。
辞多指说出来的言语，命多指写出的言语。
（1）言语就是辞命（2）但他教学生却有这一科（3）所以谦虚地说自己很难办到了A．（2）（1）（3）B．（1）（3）（2）C．（3）（2）（1）D．（3）（1）（2）二、阅读70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3—7题。
（16分）文学的自尊陈占敏①21世纪的小说，招数迭出，花样翻新，小说家们施出了浑身解数，要夺回日益失去的小说读者，中外小说家莫不如此。
可是招数变来变去，花样翻来翻去，细看来不过还是那么几招，要么以新奇取胜，要么以刺激夺人，或者在情节内容上，或者在技术手法上。
像石黑一雄那样，从容平静地写来，不玩招数，不弄玄虚，只是笔笔落实，平实展开，需要什么样的勇气啊！这考验的不仅仅是作家的才华和功力，还有作家的自信和自尊。
②是的，很少有作家像石黑一雄那样，着力于表现人的自尊了。
他最著名的长篇小说《长日留痕》（又译《残日》），写一个管家的自尊。
从人物设臵上，石黑一雄就为自己构筑了一个巨大的困难需要去克服。
管家的身份，决定了要写出那份自尊是多么困难。
父亲——管家，在司机刚好休假的时候，被招来开车，陪两位绅士外出。
闲极无聊，两位绅士对车外出现的风景感到了腻烦，开始对父亲的“错误”肆无忌惮地嘲弄，以此来取乐。
父亲恰如其分．．．．地既维护着个人尊严，又准备听任调遣地驾着车。
两位绅士在对父亲口出恶言、极尽凌辱之事感到疲倦时，又开始议论攻击他们的东道主，也就是父亲的雇主，言词愈来愈低贱阴险。
父亲忍无可忍，猛然刹住车，打开车后门，在离车门一两步远的地方站定，两眼紧紧地盯着车内。
就这样过了一会儿，一位绅士问，我们不再继续旅行了吗？父亲不予回答，只是继续静静地站在那里。
终于，一位绅士表示，他们刚才的谈话的确有点鲁莽，这再也不会发生了。
就是这样，没有剑拔弩张，没有急风暴雨，没有咆哮，一切都是静静地进行，静静地较劲，连空气都是静静的；可是，就是在这样的平静中，蕴蓄着极大的张力，像一张弓拉满了，紧紧地绷着，“引而不发，跃如也”。
③对人的自尊的关注，贯穿着石黑一雄的大部分作品。
这定然与石黑一雄的出身经历有关吧。
他生于日本长崎，5岁时随父亲到英国定居。
他的出生地，那块遭受过原子弹袭击的土地，在他稚幼的心灵中会不会留下伤痕？他需要怎样保持着一个外来人的自尊，才能够在异乡的土地上立足成长？石黑一雄的另一部长篇《远山淡影》里，要搬家随母亲远行的万里子，一定要带上她那些小猫，她一再申明自己的想法：“你说过我可以留着它们”，“可是你说过我可以留着它们”……就这样一再重复，一再申说。
你可以说这是固执，这是执拗，可是这种固执、执拗，维护的又何尝不是一份自尊呢？石黑一雄似乎是在用同样的笔法．．．．．，表现自尊。
那种稍稍有点变化的重复的人物语言，是强调也是捍卫，执着地捍卫着人的自尊。
当人固守一端的时候，还需要不断地变换什么花样吗？只有自信也是自尊的作家，才敢于这样平实地不动手段地陈述。
④石黑一雄太自信了，他自信得从容不迫，自信得旁若无人，他相信单凭从从容容的波澜不惊的叙述，就能达到好小说的极致。
当然，他这样写法，会把追求热闹新奇的读者排斥掉，为他着迷的是另一部分有耐心、有修养、不浮不躁的读者。
他这样写小说，回归的是文学本质：文学，这种以语言文字为载体的形式，它的美感，就是要靠静静的阅读才能获得的，而不是依赖刺激，不管是情节编造的刺激，还是手法玩弄的刺激。
《长日留痕》中有一段文字，也许可以帮助我们理解石黑一雄小说的美学追求：“正是因为缺乏一目了然的刺激，或者奇观，才使我们的国土美丽得超凡脱俗。
也正是那种静静的美丽，以及它显示出的那种严谨的感觉才是最贴切的。
这片土地似乎了解自身的美丽所在，亦知道自身的宏大，它才感到无需去招摇。
相对而言，在诸如非洲、美洲那样的地方所呈现的种种风情，毫无疑问会让人非常激动，然而我却肯定，由于那类风情过于不恰当地外露，反而会给实事求是的评论家留下稍逊一筹的印象。
”这哪里是在说国土说景观呢？它分明就是在说小说，说文学。
⑤可惜的是，实事求是的评论家太少，所以，那类“风情不恰当地外露”的作品得到了更多的喝彩，那种不招摇的缺乏一目了然刺激的作品遭到了冷遇。
对作家的考验于焉而至：你能够自信自己的宏大、超凡脱俗，一如既往地写下去吗？小说的自尊，文学的自尊，作家的自尊，需要坚定地捍卫了。
3．对第②段加点的“恰如其分”的理解错误的一项是（）。
（2分）A．因为自己的“错误”，所以父亲准备听任调遣地驾车。
B．当自己的雇主被议论攻击，父亲忍无可忍，准备反抗。
C．父亲猛然刹住车，在车门近处站定，两眼紧紧盯车内。
D．父亲只是静静地站在那里，直到绅士承认他们的错误。
4．第③段加点的“同样的笔法”指的是。
（2分）5．第③段画线处问句的作用是。
（3分）6．第④段引用《长日留痕》中的文字，用来证明好小说不招摇不追求刺激的观点。
请具体分析这一材料是如何证明观点的。
（5分）7．诺贝尔文学奖颁奖词说石黑一雄的小说“具有强大的情感力量”。
从本文看，这种“强大的情感力量”有哪些方面表现？请加以概括。
（4分）（二）阅读下文，完成第8—11题。
（15分）鸣沙山听沙张抗抗①鸣沙山，我又来了，来看你。
②时光已过去多久了？上一次来敦煌，还是二十世纪九十年代初。
光阴如同一条内陆河，扎入沙漠腹地消失无踪。
二十五年倏忽而过，人已两鬓微白，而鸣沙山，你的沙依旧、你的山依然。
《后汉书〃•郡国志》引南朝《耆旧记》云：敦煌“山有鸣沙之异，水有悬泉之神”。
西汉时有鸣沙山好似演奏钟鼓管弦音乐的记载。
《旧唐书〃地理志》载鸣沙山“天气晴朗时，沙鸣闻于城内”。
鸣沙山，莫非你是一座音乐之城？鸣沙当歌，鸣沙似泣。
③鸣沙山，我不是来看你，而是来听你。
④那么多年里，我的耳边总是流淌着沙子的鸣响——它们不是河流的汩汩声、也不是海浪的哗哗声、更不是瀑布的轰隆声。
它或如沙漏一般细密悄然，或像一股巨大的泥石流兀然生成，从高处倾泻而下摧枯拉朽，沙声低沉而凄厉，缓慢而尖锐，在瞬间覆盖了摧毁了一切。
那个声音多年来始终在我耳边挥之不去。
⑤二十五年前，千里河西陇上之行的最后一站——敦煌。
去敦煌是为了莫高窟，那座佛教艺术的殿堂。
瞻仰千年的洞穴遗存的壁画雕像，是一次朝圣之旅。
但心里另有所念，心心念念的，是茫茫大漠中这座神奇的鸣沙山。
我站在山脚下，血红的夕阳隐去山后，天空纯金一般烁亮，眼前一片混沌的金黄。
鸣沙山被天边的余光勾勒出完美的线条，如同一座巨大的金字塔，在暮色中静静蹲伏。
天低了地窄了，原野消失，大海沉没，惟有这凝固的沙山，如同宇宙洪荒时代的一座巨型雕塑群，矗立于塔什拉玛干沙漠。
多少个世纪，沙子在风中低声祈祷、或在风中激昂呼号。
沙漠缺水但不缺风，狂风暴风寒风，一年四季都在大漠巡回。
鸣沙山，你是一座山，却也不是。
你本是连绵的沙丘，和大漠连在一起。
但你从沙漠中站起来了，你是站立的沙漠。
此后的漫长岁月，莫高窟在你敦厚的胸腔里逐年孕育而成。
⑥然而，此刻的沙山，四下静默悄然无声，鸣沙山固执地保持沉默。
我听不见沙鸣。
我随同伴们一起纵身跃入沙海，双手代桨，挂在陡峭的沙坡上，连滚带爬地往下溜。
一时间，前前后后人影憧憧，像一座座移动的小沙丘。
就在下滑的那一刻，我似乎听见身下传来微弱的响声，窸窸窣窣，嗡嗡嘤嘤，难道这就是鸣沙么？我俯身侧耳，聆听细辨，听到的仿佛一种如泣如诉的呻吟……我一时不由思维停滞感官笨拙，身子顿时悬停在沙坡的中段。
当我不由自主地溜到了沙山脚下，那个声音消失了，就像一个乐章末尾骤然中止的休止符，连震荡的余音都没有。
月夜已有了寒意，月色迷茫，大漠寂寂，静谧的山谷中，万籁无声。
⑦我惊异我惶惑，鸣沙山，我听不懂你。
我沮丧地坐在沙地上清理鞋子里的沙子。
很快，每个人脚下都倒出了一小堆沙子。
是的，每一个游客无论滑到山脚还是步行到山下，都在无意中削裹下一层沙子。
沙子既会歌唱，也能怒吼。
那不是琴弦不是妙音，而是“人马践之”的沙子发出的呼喊，是沙子的尖叫和抗议。
我虽然没有听见如雷的鸣沙，但不等于这世上没有沙鸣。
⑧鸣沙山，这一刻，我似乎听懂了你。
但我仍然不明白，鸣沙山为何拥有如此强大的自我复原功能？有人说，那是因为风——是风之手，将沙子一一驱赶回它们原来的位臵。
每夜每夜，风都在沙山重复着同一游戏，乐此不疲。
风相信散沙可以任意塑造，当风成为沙子的需要时，沙子就会自己跳跃走动并手舞足蹈。
这强悍的粗暴的风，是世上最具破坏力的自然力量，也是一种强效黏合剂。
⑨是的，是风。
可是，为什么别处的风没有这般神力，为什么偏偏在敦煌？在鸣沙山？告别敦煌那一日，在机场偶遇一位甘肃朋友，闲谈时我说起了关于鸣沙山的疑问。
他解答说，他恰好对此有过一番研究：由于鸣沙山特殊的地理位臵，日间蒸腾的气流在夜间下沉，便生成了小股冷风涡流，来自东南、西南、西北三个方面的风，沿着这一带沙丘的坡地顺势而下，在鸣沙山的谷地交汇。
风与风的角逐形成了气旋，气旋像一把巨大的熨斗，来回来去地摩挲，一夜之间，便将鸣沙山“人马践之”的踪迹一一抚平，抹去了沙山的每一道伤痕。
所以，鸣沙山每天都是新的……我恍然大悟却又越发迷茫！风能够把以往的一切全都删除，风过之处，真的就像什么都没发生过一样么？⑩鸣沙山，你在说什么？我听不懂。
8．联系上下文分析第④段的作用。
（3分）9．第⑤段写鸣沙山却多次提到莫高窟，分析这样写的用意。
（3分）10．赏析文中三处画线句在构思上的表达效果。
（5分）11．评析本文所表现的思想情感的意义。
（4分）（三）阅读下面的诗歌，完成第 12—14 题。
（8 分）八声甘州〃寄参寥子①苏轼有情风万里卷潮来，无情送潮归。
问钱塘江上，西兴浦口，几度斜晖？不用思量今古，俯仰昔人非。
谁似东坡老，白首忘机。
记取西湖西畔，正春山好处，空翠烟霏。
算诗人相得，如我与君稀。
约它年、东还海道，愿谢公②雅志莫相违。
西州路，不应回首，为我沾衣。
【注】①参寥子：即僧人道潜，字参寥，精通佛典，工诗，苏轼与之交厚。
公元1091年，苏轼应召赴京，赠此词与他。
2018黄浦高三英语一模参考答案
黄浦区2018学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷参考答案I. Listening Comprehension1-5 CDCBA 6-10 DCCAC11-13 CDC 14-16 BDA 17-20 DCCBII. Grammar and VocabularySection A21. the 22. dying 23.confessed 24. Although/Though 25. those26. from 27. earlier 28. had used 29. where 30. thatSection B31. G 32. J 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. E 38. I 39. H 40. FIII. Reading ComprehensionSection A41. B 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. D51. A 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. DSection B56-59 CDBB 60-62 ADD 63-66 CBADSection C67-70 FDAEIV. Summary Writing71.The tourism industry is developing fast/prosperously with different forms, among which sport tourism grows fastest. Sport tourism is defined as travel related to sport/physical activities and consists of/includes three main categories. The first is watching sporting events/games. The second includes visiting famous sports-related attractions/places and meeting well-known/famous sports people/personalities. And the third is active participation. (52words)V. Translation72. Many people are totally ignorant of their potential (abilities/talents).73. These policies are to some extent responsible for the region’s economic decline.74. Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world to live together in friendship with people from/of all countries./Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world, where people of all/different countries live together in friendship.75. The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems deserves our attention and research/ analysis, which also deserves the joint efforts of the whole society to find solutions.VI. Guided WritingOmitted.高三年级英语第1页共1页。
上海市黄浦区达标名校2018年高考一月仿真备考数学试题含解析
上海市黄浦区达标名校2018年高考一月仿真备考数学试题一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．已知向量(3sin ,2)a x =-，(1,cos )b x =，当a b ⊥时，cos 22x π⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭（ ） A ．1213-B ．1213C ．613-D ．6132．已知a ，b 是两条不同的直线，α，β是两个不同的平面，且a ⊂α，b ⊂β，a //β，b //α，则“a //b“是“α//β”的（ ） A ．充分不必要条件 B ．必要不充分条件 C ．充要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件3．设复数121,1z i z i =+=-，则1211z z +=（ ） A ．1B ．1-C ．iD ．i -4．已知复数21iz i =-，则z 的虚部为（ ） A ．－1B ．i -C ．1D ．i5．在复平面内，31ii+-复数（i 为虚数单位）的共轭复数对应的点位于（ ） A ．第一象限B ．第二象限C ．第三象限D ．第四象限6．数列{}n a 满足：3111,25n n n n a a a a a ++=-=，则数列1{}n n a a +前10项的和为 A ．1021B ．2021C ．919D ．18197．在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，已知,n n A B 是圆222x y n +=上两个动点，且满足()2*2n n n OA OB n N ⋅=-∈，设,n n A B到直线()10x n n ++=的距离之和的最大值为n a ，若数列1n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和n S m <恒成立，则实数m 的取值范围是（ ）A ．3,4⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭B ．3,4⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭C ．2,3⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭D ．3,2⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭8．已知x,y 满足不等式组2202100x y x y x +-≤⎧⎪--≤⎨⎪≥⎩,则点(),P x y 所在区域的面积是( )A ．1B ．2C ．54D ．459．已知向量(,1)a m =，(1,2)b =-，若(2)a b b -⊥，则a 与b 夹角的余弦值为（ ）A．21313-B．21313C．61365-D．61310．已知x，y满足不等式224xyx y tx y≥⎧⎪≥⎪⎨+≤⎪⎪+≤⎩，且目标函数z＝9x+6y最大值的变化范围[20，22]，则t的取值范围（）A．[2，4] B．[4，6] C．[5，8] D．[6，7]11．已知双曲线2222:1(0,0)x yC a ba b-=>>，O为坐标原点，1F、2F为其左、右焦点，点G在C的渐近线上，2F G OG⊥，且16||||OG GF=，则该双曲线的渐近线方程为（）A．22y x=±B．32y x=±C．y x=±D．2y x=±12．在ABC中，角A、B、C所对的边分别为a、b、c，若cos cos4ca Bb A-=，则2222a bc-=（）A．32B．12C．14D．18二、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。
上海市黄浦区2018届高三一模语文试题
2018年黄浦区高三一模语文试题（满分150分，时间150分钟）2018年1月一积累应用 10分（一）识记和理解。
（6分）1．依据题干要求，填写正确内容。
（1）黄庭坚《登快阁》一诗的尾联是“万里归船弄长笛，_____________________”。
（2）李商隐《夜雨寄北》中，最温暖的句子是“何当共剪西窗烛，_____________________”。
（3）韩愈在《师说》中指出教师职责的句子是“师者，_____________________ ”。
（4）周邦彦《苏幕遮》，描绘鸟儿生活的句子是“_____________ ，______________________”。
（5）苏轼《水调歌头》中有“此事古难全”一句，句中的“此事”指的是“_______________，________________。
”（6）孔子在《·》里，表明对“贤”“不贤”态度的句子是“______________，_______________。
”（二）理解和应用。
（4分）2．新年第一天，小李向同学发送微信，最适合．．．表达新春祝福的一项是（）（1分）A．乡心新岁切，天畔独潸然。
B．遥知兄弟登高处，遍插茱萸少一人。
C．爆竹声中一岁除，春风送暖入屠苏。
D．故乡今夜思千里，霜鬓明朝又一年。
3．根据文意推断，填入画直线上的句子，最恰当．．．的一项是（）（3分）本报讯11月7日下午2点30，“她眼中的都市之美”——第五届上海女记者摄影展开幕仪式将在东方明珠4.2米环廊举办。
此届摄影展为徐汇专场，展出的100幅作品选自今年举办的上海女记者摄影大赛的入围及获奖作品。
摄影大赛的参赛者来自上海市各家平面、广播、电视和网络媒体，大赛一共收到1235件作品。
女新闻工作者们独具“汇”眼，将镜头对准了徐汇这一历史底蕴深厚，文化资源丰富的中西文化交汇地。
她们以女性的视角、发现的眼光，聚焦霓虹闪耀的楼宇商厦，活力四射的创业基地，深藏历史的经典建筑，气象一新的滨江大道，多姿多彩的街巷民宅，安静优美的社区绿地，以及怡然舒心的养老院，欢笑不断的幼儿园。
上海市2018年黄浦区高三英语一模. 高考英语系列
上海市黄浦区2017-2018学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）第I卷（共100分）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.Before dinner. B.During the meal.C.After dinner.D.Tomorrow evening.2. A.In a hotel. B.At a bus station.C.In a cinema.D.At an airport.3. A.Salesman and customer. B.Boss and secretary.C.Doctor and patient.D.Doctor and nurse.4. A.4. B.5. C.6. D.7.5. A.The lecture. B.The heat.C.The workload.D.The air quality.6. A.Confident. B.Nervous. C.Uninterested. D.Annoyed.7. A.Visit the company. B.Re-write his resumé.C.Get a job on campus.D.Apply for a job with PICC.8. A.He is fearless. B.He is forgetful.C.He is helpful.D.He is thoughtful.9. A.Talking about sports. B.Writing up local news.C.Reading newspapers.D.Putting up advertisements.10. A.She expects to see him soon. B.She agrees with the man.C.She doesn’t believe he can do it.D.She will work for the library.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages.After each conversation or passage,you will be asked several questions.The conversation and the passages will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through14are based on the following conversation.11. A.The scientific steps to write a paper. B.A funny story that they read recently.C.An assignment of a creative writing course.D.A detective case that was just finished.12. A.She encountered a bottleneck when writing a story.B.She was happy that she finished the story easily.C.She was expected to finish the story in a month.D.She decided to give up the story eventually.13. A.Change to another topic. B.Give the story an ending first.C.Do work for another course.D.Write everything occurring to her.14. A.Buy jewels for her mother. B.Locate the security camera.C.Do some research for her writing.D.Rob a jewelry store for ideas.Questions15through17are based on the following passage.15. A.They don’t attach importance to scores. B.They attract fewer and fewer students.C.They will take place next week.D.They will no longer exist.16. A.To inspire young people to practice more.B.To encourage young people to be creative.C.To motivate young people to keep learning.D.To urge young people to start up companies.17. A.To bring more economic benefits. B.To help students memorize better.C.To change the present education system.D.To develop teachers’multi-skills.Questions18through20are based on the following passage.18. A.More communication with others. B.Construction of the life journey.C.Revealing of determination.D.Loss of the social identity.19. A.Depression and isolation. B.Walking around the corner.ck of sleep.D.Getting impatient.20. A.Making it possible to get a pay rise.B.Providing people with new business.C.Giving people time to think about their life again.D.Helping people to find jobs based on their hobbies.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelers to TravelAfter15people died during Easter in1967,the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign‘Welcome to the mountains,but be responsible’.Fjellvettreglene,the‘mountain code’(21)______encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature,has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture.It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment(22)______(assist) yourself and others,seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally,Norway(23)______(experience)an11%increase in tourism in the past decade.From just1,000 tourists in the whole of2010,Trolltunga,a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain,(24)______ (see)1,800visitors in one2017day alone.Why?Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook.A lot don’t care about the experience of the hike.They just want proof(25)______they did it.But, while good for the economy,this tourism boom has become a threat(26)______Norway’s natural environment.Used toilet paper,(27)______(abandon)tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike,Norway’s leading hiking group,Friluftsliv,also has called for regulations on the number of tourists(28)______(hike)to sse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said,“On a busy day,you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just to get a picture.To control this,we’d like to regulate(29)___________people can hike in a day.Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don’t start too late and find(30)______stuck up here.”Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.accommodationB.annualC.declineD.destinationE.dinersF.hostedG.ingredients H.precisely I.ranked J.remote K.talentedWorld’s Best RestaurantThe Black Swan,a rural pub in England has been named“the world’s best restaurant”by TripAdvisor.After scoring up positive feedback,the review website31the pub over fine dining establishments from New York to Paris in its32Travelers'Choice awards.So what’s it got going for it?Firstly,this isn’t some backwater pub enjoying in insignificance.Tommy Banks,a(n)33young cook,is already a TV regular in the UK and has had a Michelin star to his name since becoming the youngest receiver ever in2013at the age of24.Secondly,it's not really a pub anymore.Like many rural UK pubs,the Black Swan had been in34for many years before2006,when Banks'family took over.After their attempts to run it as a pub struggled,they decided to make it a dining35.It now operates as both restaurant and fashionable36,offering food-and-stay packages that help draw customers to its truly37location.It's usually booked up well in advance with38coming from near and far.During CNN's visit,neighboring tables included a couple on an overnight break from their kids.Another39 two of the Banks brothers'old school teachers,on a trip up from York—40the kind of crowd that have helped lift the Black Swan to TripAdvisor glory.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Could Buying Paintings Make You Rich?Is investing in paintings a good way to get rich fast?And how should you invest in art?“With extreme41”is the advice of Patrick Connolly,a financial adviser.“We don’t42our customers to invest in art because the downsides are greater than the upsides.It doesn't produce income or earnings.What you 43is exclusively based on supply and demand,and there are big movements upwards or downwards if there are changes in the economic environment,”he said.To invest in art as a true investment,you need a starting fund of at least$5,000.But it’s not just about having enough44to buy the painting in the first place.Expensive works of art are often stored in protective boxes complete with detectors to monitor humidity and temperature levels,and to protect them from sun damage or other 45such as a spilled cup of coffee.And if you do put it on your wall,then your insurance costs are likely to be high.If word gets out that you have expensive art hanging on your wall,then you're likely to be a46for thieves.Art is also not a regulated investment so when things go wrong–for example,an artwork turns out to be a fraud（赝品）–then investors cannot fall back on47for any repayment.Of course given the current environment of low interest rates,that's still a(n)48return than many savings accounts will give you.As art has no association to the stock market,it means paintings can49in value even when the market crashes,making it a good option for investment50.It is reported that after a decrease in the global art market throughout2016,auction（拍卖）sales51in the first six months of2017.Yet you don't necessarily have to be super-wealthy to invest in art.There are a growing number of art fairs and online marketplaces aimed at buyers with a more52budget.Most art industry experts suggest that you buy a piece of art because you like it,not because you want to get rich.The most53approach is probably to buy something you like and can54and,be prepared to keep it just for your own pleasure.If it goes up in value that should be just a(n)55benefit.41.A.accuracy B.carefulness C.enthusiasm D.generosity42.A.beg B.control C.forbid D.recommend43.A.get back B.look into C.take out D.turn to44.A.desire B.energy C.money D.time45.A.accidents B.appliances C.measures D.drinks46.A.partner B.spectator C.target D.therapy47.A.initiative B.regulation C.strategy D.tradition48.A.better B.earlier C.healthier D.lower49.A.fall apart B.fall down C.go ahead D.go up50.A.funds B.levels C.selections D.rates51.A.ceased B.proceeded C.recovered D.shrank52.A.fixed B.limited C.massive D.modest53.A.creative B.direct C.flexible D.sensible54.A.afford B.preserve C.transfer D.undertake55.A.added B.maximum C.obvious D.socialSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Post-00s is a documentary about growing up.It covers almost every aspect of millennials’experiences on their path toward adolescence–their struggles with schoolwork,their relationship with peers,their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family,and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents.But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was filmed over a period of10years,during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers.In other words,the show’s“characters”grow older for real,and their stories are all real.“Coming-of-age”stories,as they’re known,have a special appeal.They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life,and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them.And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance,we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality.After all,there’s no re-writing of the script（剧本）and there’s no turning back–this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood,a2014film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the64th Berlin International Film Festival.During a period of12years,the film follows the life of Mason Jr–played by US actor Ellar Coltrane–from when he was6to when he finished high school.One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its“ordinariness”.Mason Jr isn’t some child genius...He is a quietly spoken,fairly typical American boy,growing up in the Texas suburbs.He likes riding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside,they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary–the power of life itself.56.In the documentary,we see post-00’s growing experience EXCEPT__________.A.how they deal with their studiesB.how they help look after brothers or sistersC.how they get along with people of their ageD.how much they long to be independent of their parents57.What do Post-00and Boyhood have in common?A.They’re intended to win an award for best director.B.The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C.They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’growth.D.The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.58.Audience are interested in“coming-of-age”stories because__________.A.they can see the truth of lifeB.they know the characters wellC.they are much fond of gossipD.they appreciate stories of daily life59.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A.Post-00s are different geniusesB.Actors are ordinary charactersC.Documentary is real lifeD.Life is one big story(B )B BC SHOPrming.Inspiring.WHAT A RELIEF!Delight everyone on your holiday gift list with great gifts from the BBC.You’ll earn heartfelt thanks from nature lovers for Planet Earth I&II:The Complete Collection(page41)–inspiring look at our planet’s wildest,most mysterious creatures and their breathtaking home.…from mystery lovers for Sherlock:Complete Seasons1-4and The Abominable Bride Giftset(page13)–entertaining proof that Holmes can be difficult,dangerous,accurate,and absolute funny.…and from those who appreciate all things British.Delight Charles Dickens fans with Dickensian(page7).The new drama series with more adventures for Dickens’characters…Dinner with Dickens Cookbook(page9)with procedures for his favorite dishes…and Tom Baker Reads“A Christmas poem”(page8)for a wonderful new holiday tradition.Plus teapots,T-shirts,shortbread,mugs and more–just in time for the holidays.Enjoy!NEWTHE MOMENTWelcome to murder,suspense,romance,robbery and clothing in this excitinghistorical drama!Trouble begins for Rachel Verinder the day she inherits a large diamond stolen from a Hindu temple.When it disappears again,suspicion falls on Franklin Blake,the man who loves her.But what about mysterious cousin Godfrey,the housemaid with a thieving past,and doctor who experiments with opium（鸦片）? Blake must discover the fate of the Moonstone or lose Rachel forever.A powerful tale and emotionally sudden changes,based on the first-ever English detective novel by Wikie Collins.3¾hours.DVD21024$34.99YOUR PRICE:￥27.98WALKERS CHRISTMAS TREE SHORTBREAD AND TINSSanta and a beautiful Angel put the finishing touches on Christmas tree tins–perfect centerpieces and holiday decorations that your family and friends will enjoy year after year.Lift the treetops and taste the delicious secret inside:pure butter shortbread shaped like mini-Christmas trees,and made from only finest ingredients–flour,butter,sugar and salt.Baked in the village of Aberlour in the Scottish Highlands,they follow a generations-old family procedure,first perfected by Joseph Walker in1898.While the shortbread will disappear as if by magic,the tins will hold your holiday cookies and candy for many Christmases to come.Wonderful hostess gifts.Both tins:6〃h×4¾〃d;net wt4.4oz.Angel21042$19.98Santa21043$19.9860.Tom’s wife is a home baker,so he’d better refer to Page______for a Christmas present for her.A.8B.9C.13D.4161.Which of the following statements is TRUE about“The Moment”?A.It is an adapted drama lasting nearly4hours.B.The story,rather than the actors,is attracting.C.There are three suspects for stealing the diamond.D.It is based on Wikie Collins’most famous detective novel.62.What can be learned about the shortbread?A.It usually disappears in a magic way together with the tin.B.It follows a secret procedure perfected by Joseph Walker.C.It is wrapped in a tin with both Angel and Santa on it.D.It is traditionally family-baked in Scotland.(C)①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life.According to Dr Tanya King,senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University,“It’s Australians’egalitarianism,sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built.In Australia’s founding era in the late1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors.The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish,was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal,with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’.Because of this,an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers.They may not have had power,education or wealth,but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times.Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their newconditions in life’.Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so‘have a Captains Cook’(have a look),became‘ava captains’.This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses.Words like‘good day’became‘g’day’,and barbecue was‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’dry,self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor.While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side.On one road trip,as I hit the state line and entered Victoria,I drove past some blackened trees,the leftovers of a recent bushfire.A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent,but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct.Behind the figure,someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal’s tail was on fire.I couldn’t help but laugh–it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s‘nothing upsets us’and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space.This,along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate,all contribute to Australians’relaxed attitude.63.The underlined word“egalitarianism”is closest to__________in meaning.A.criminalityB.crueltyC.equalityernmentalism64.Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A.They use more slangs than other people.B.They give new meanings to existent words.C.They favour shortened forms of expressions.D.They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65.What can be inferred from paragraph4?A.Kangaroos’living conditions are getting tougher.B.Forest fires threaten Australians’life to a great extent.C.Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D.Australians’jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66.The passage mainly talks about__________.A.how the late1700s impacted AustraliaB.why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC.what contributes to Australians’relaxed lifestyleD.how Australians present their attitude towards lifeSection CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.That turned out to be not exactly correct.B.But Buchanan warned against such an assumption.C.But a number of business organizations say it should remain untouched.D.But what works for a clothing company might not work for a different one.E.Raising the minimum wage is identified as a key way to address the income gap.F.For opponents of a wage increase,increasing the minimum wage could reduce total employment byabout500,000jobs.More Clarity Needed on Wage DebateThese days,the minimum wage has become something of a big issue in America.67For supporters,16.5 million low-wage workers could see an increase in their weekly earnings and900,000people could rise above the poverty line.Gap Inc,has decided to increase the minimum hourly rate it pays employees to$9this year and then$10next year.The company’s announcement will affect65,000Gap employees by2017.Clearly Gap officials believe the money they invest in higher wages will pay off in increased sales and customer satisfaction.There’s certainly nothing wrong with that.68Also last week,Wal-Mart found itself at the center of the wages gossip when it was reported that the company was looking at supporting an increase in the minimum wage.69Wal-Mart spokeswoman Brooke Buchanan said the company remains neutral on the idea of a minimum wage increase,but“obviously it’s something that we look at closely,as any other company would”.She said that more than99percent of company associates are paid above the current minimum wage.It has been discussed how increased income for low-wage workers might translate into increased spending.So it’s reasonable to say that a company like Wal-Mart could see a jump in sales if the minimum wage rose.70“That is assuming that consumer behavior would be,‘If they have more money,they’ll spend more money,’”she said.“That isn’t always necessarily true.If we had a crystal ball,we could guess what consumer behavior would be in the future if a minimum wage increase goes through.But you just can’t.”IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no moree your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago,Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before–moved his team into an open concept office.His staff had been entirely working from home,but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily.It quickly became clear,though,that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy,not to mention Nagele himself.About three years after moving into the open office,Nagele moved the company into a10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space—complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office—about70%of US offices are open concept—and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors.But research that we’re15%less productive,we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces,has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost,one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork.However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead,as many of us know,we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member,or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus,like writing,advertising,financial planning and computer programming,some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces.The trouble with that,is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present.That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments.Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.第II卷（共40分）V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.选举的结果很快便在全世界传播开了。
2018届上海市黄浦区高三上学期期终调研测试（一模）政治试题及答案
2018届上海市黄浦区高三上学期期终调研测试（一模）政治试题及答案黄浦区2018学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试政治试卷（完卷时间：120分钟，满分150分）考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、单项选择题（共90分，每题3分。
每题只有一个正确答案）1．前些天的“双十一”网购狂欢让金融、物流快递的业务量迅猛增长，与此同时一些不真实的需求信息沿着供应链逆流而上，并被逐级放大，亦造成了相当程度的资源浪费。
材料表明A．生产决定消费方式B．消费对生产具有反作用C．消费中要勤俭节约D．市场配置资源最有效率2．9月教育部出台新高考方案，实现两类人才、两种模式的高考。
一种是技术技能人才的高考，考试内容为技能加文化知识；一种是学术型人才的高考，考试内容与现在的高考相似，将两类高考分开。
“两种模式高考”的方案A．能够增加大量的劳动就业岗位B．更加适应我国就业结构的变化C．有利于实现用创业来代替就业D．可以使劳动者树立正确就业观3．今年公布的世界500强企业名单中，中国上榜企业达100家，上榜主体包括68家国有企业，其中，中石化以4572亿美元的收入位居全球第三。
这表明国有经济A．在国民经济中占据主体地位B．以股份制作为主要实现形式C．竞争力和控制力在不断增强D．在国民经济中所占比重最大4．国务院批转的《关于深化收入分配制度改革的若干意见》提出，要根据经济发展、物价变动等因素，适时调整最低工资标准，到绝大多数地区最低工资标准达到当地城镇从业人员平均工资的40%以上。
调整最低工资标准的根本依据是A．当地经济发展水平B．当地物价水平C．当地平均工资水平D．当地城镇化水平5．某商业银行发售的一款理财产品期限为180天，认购金额在5万到10万元之间，预计到期年化收益率（即当前收益率算成年收益率）为6.20%。
2018年高三语文黄浦区一模试卷
黄浦区2017学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试语文试卷2018年1月考生注意：1.答卷前，考生务必在答题卷上将自己的姓名等相关信息及准考证号填写清楚。
2.本考试设试卷和答题卷两部分，所有试题的答案及作文必须全部写在答题卷上，写在试卷上一律不给分；答题时应注意试题题号和答题卷题号一一对应，不能错位。
3.本试卷共6页，试卷总分150分，考试时间150分钟。
一、积累运用10分1．按要求填空。
（5分）（1），其可怪也欤！（韩愈《师说》）（2）黄庭坚《登快阁》中“，”两句运用典故，表达作者不与世俗同流合污的超脱和孤傲情怀。
（3）“明月几时有？”（苏轼《·明月几时有》）两句诗化用了李白《把酒问月》中的句子：“青天有月来几时？我今停杯一问之。
”2．按要求选择。
（5分）（1）“11.11”购物节小红总是买得停不下来，妈妈想用一句话点醒她，以下句子不合适的一项是（）（2分）A．由俭入奢易，由奢入俭难。
B．博观而约取，厚积而薄发。
C．省吃餐餐有，省穿日日新。
D．黄金本无种，出自勤俭家。
（2）依次填入下面语段空白处的语句，最恰当的一项是（）（3分）孔子重辞命，他觉得这不是一件容易的事，，。
他称赞宰我、子贡擅长言语，。
辞多指说出来的言语，命多指写出的言语。
（1）言语就是辞命（2）但他教学生却有这一科（3）所以谦虚地说自己很难办到了A．（2）（1）（3）B．（1）（3）（2）C．（3）（2）（1）D．（3）（1）（2）二、阅读70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3—7题。
（16分）文学的自尊陈占敏①21世纪的小说，招数迭出，花样翻新，小说家们施出了浑身解数，要夺回日益失去的小说读者，中外小说家莫不如此。
可是招数变来变去，花样翻来翻去，细看来不过还是那么几招，要么以新奇取胜，要么以刺激夺人，或者在情节内容上，或者在技术手法上。
像石黑一雄那样，从容平静地写来，不玩招数，不弄玄虚，只是笔笔落实，平实展开，需要什么样的勇气啊！这考验的不仅仅是作家的才华和功力，还有作家的自信和自尊。
2018年上海市黄浦区高考物理一模试卷(含详解)
2018年上海市黄浦区高考物理一模试卷一、单项选择题（共40分，1至8题每小题3分，9至12题每小题3分．每小题只有一个正确选项）1．（3分）下列单位中属于基本单位的是（）A．安培B．焦耳C．库仑D．牛顿2．（3分）历史上，第一个在实验室测量出万有引力恒量的科学家是（）A．卡文迪什B．哥白尼C．伽利略D．开普勒3．（3分）在电场中A点，引入不同的检验电荷，会变化的是（）A．A点的电场强度B．A点的电势C．在A点的电势能D．A点与电场中另一点间的电势差4．（3分）电梯天花板上固定一弹簧测力计，测力计下挂一重物．电梯静止时，测力计读数为50N．若电梯向下运动时，测力计读数恒为45N，则此时电梯做（）A．匀速运动B．匀加速运动C．匀减速运动D．变加速运动5．（3分）声波能绕过某一建筑物而传播，这是因为声波（）A．是纵波B．是机械波C．发生了衍射现象D．穿透力强6．（3分）一物体自空中的A点以大小为5m/s的初速度竖直向上抛出．若不计空气阻力，则该物体可能会（）A．在A下方的某位置，以3m/s的速率向下运动B．在A上方的某位置，以4m/s的速率向上运动C．在A上方的某位置，以6m/s的速率向下运动D．在A上方的某位置，以8m/s的速率向上运动7．（3分）A、B两个质点在同一直线上，t=0时从同一地点开始运动，它们的v﹣t图象如图所示，由图可知（）A．在t时刻两个质点在同一位置B．在t时刻两个质点加速度相等C．在0﹣t时间内质点B比质点A的位移大D．在0﹣t时间内两个质点的平均速度一样大8．（3分）在“用单摆测定重力加速度”的实验中，用力传感器测得摆线的拉力大小F随时间t变化的图象如图所示，已知单摆的摆长为l，则重力加速度g为（）A．B．C．D．9．（4分）如图所示，实线为电场线，虚线为一带电粒子仅在电场力作用下的运动轨迹．设A、B两点的电场强度分别为E A、E B，电势分别为φA、φB，粒子经过A、B两点时的加速度分别为a A、a B，速度分别为v A、v B．则下列判断中无法确定的是（）A．E A＞E B B．φA＞φB C．a A＞a B D．v A＞v B 10．（4分）如图，在匀强电场中，轻质绝缘细绳一端固定于地面，另一端拉住一个带电量为q、质量为m的小球，使之处于静止状态。
2018年黄浦区高考数学一模试卷含答案
2018年黄浦区高考数学一模试卷含答案2018.01一. 填空题（本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分） 1. 已知全集U =R ，集合{||1|1}A x x =->，3{|0}1x B x x -=<+，则()U C A B =2. 已知角θ的顶点在坐标原点，始边与x 轴的正半轴重合，若角θ的终边落在第三象限内，且3cos()25πθ+=，则cos 2θ=3. 已知幂函数的图像过点1(2,)4，则该幂函数的单调递增区间是4. 若n S 是等差数列{}n a （n ∈*N ）：1,2,5,8,-⋅⋅⋅的前n 项和，则2lim 1n n Sn →∞=+5.23π的扇形，则该圆锥体的体积是6. 过点(2,1)P -作圆225x y +=的切线，则该切线的点法向式方程是7. 已知二项式展开式7270127(12)x a a x a x a x -=+++⋅⋅⋅+，且复数7112128a z a i =+，则 复数z 的模||z = （其中i 是虚数单位）8. 若关于x 、y 的二元一次线性方程组111222a x b y c a x b y c +=⎧⎨+=⎩的增广矩阵是1302m n ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，且11x y =⎧⎨=-⎩是该线性方程组的解，则三阶行列式1010321m n -中第3行第2列元素的代数 余子式的值是9. 某高级中学欲从本校的7位古诗词爱好者（其中男生2人、女生5人）中随机选取3名同学作为学校诗词朗读比赛的主持人，若要求主持人中至少有一位是男同学，则不同选取方法的种数是 （结果用数值表示）10. 已知ABC ∆的三个内角A 、B 、C 所对边长分别为a 、b 、c ，记ABC ∆的面积为S ， 若22()S a b c =--，则内角A = （结果用反三角函数值表示） 11. 已知函数1()||||1f x x =-，关于x 的方程2()()0f x bf x c ++=有7个不同实数根， 则实数b 、c 满足的关系式是12. 已知正六边形ABCDEF （顶点的字母依次按逆时针顺序确定）的边长为1，点P 是CDE ∆内（含边界）的动点，设AP x AB yAF =⋅+（,x y R ∈），则x y +的取值范围是二. 选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）13. 已知α、β是空间两个不同的平面，则“平面α上存在不共线的三点到平面β的距离相等”是“α∥β”的（ ）A. 充分非必要条件B. 必要非充分条件C. 充要条件D. 非充分非必要条件14. 为了得到函数sin3cos3y x x =+（x R ∈）的图像，可以将函数y x =的图像 （ ） A. 向右平移4π个单位 B. 向左平移4π个单位 C. 向右平移12π个单位 D. 向左平移12π个单位15. 用数学归纳法证明11111112324n n n n n +++⋅⋅⋅+≥++++（*n N ∈）时，由n k =到1n k =+时，不等式左边应添加的项是（ ）A.121k + B. 11211k k -++ C. 112122k k +++ D. 112122k k -++ 16. 已知函数12x y +=的图像与函数()y f x =的图像关于直线0x y +=对称，则函数()y f x =的反函数是（ ）A. 21log ()y x =--B. 2log (1)y x =--C. 12x y -+=-D. 12x y -+=三. 解答题（本大题共5题，共14+14+14+16+18=76分）17. 已知正方体1111ABCD A B C D -的棱长为2，点E 、F 分别是所在棱11A B 、AB 的中点，点1O 是面1111A B C D 的中心，如图所示.（1）求三棱锥1O FBC -的体积1O FBC V -； （2）求异面直线1A F 与CE 所成角的大小. （结果用反三角函数值表示）18. 已知函数11()cos 222f x x =+，1()sin 2g x x x =+⋅，x R ∈. （1）若()0f a =，求(2)g a 的数值； （2）若02x π≤≤，求函数()()g()h x f x x =+的值域.19. 已知椭圆2222:1x y E a b+=（0a b >>）的右焦点为(1,0)F ，点(0,)B b 满足||2FB =.（1）求实数a 、b 的值；（2）过点F 作直线l 交椭圆E 于M 、N 两点，若BFM ∆与BFN ∆的面积之比为2，求直线l 的方程.20. 定义：若函数()f x 的定义域为R ，且存在实数a 和非零实数k (a 、k 都是常数)，使得(2)()f a x k f x -=⋅对x R ∈都成立，则称函数()f x 是具有“理想数对(,)a k ”的函数，比如，函数()f x 有理想数对(2,1)-，即(4)()f x f x -=-，(4)()0f x f x -+=，可知函数图像关于点(2,0)成中心对称图形，设集合M 是具有理想数对(,)a k 的函数的全体. （1）已知()21f x x =-，x R ∈，试判断函数()f x 是否为集合M 的元素，并说明理由； （2）已知函数()2x g x =，x R ∈，证明：()g x M ∉；（3）数对(2,1)和(1,1)-都是函数()h x 的理想数对，且当11x -≤≤时，2()1h x x =-，若正比例函数y mx =（0m >）的图像与函数()h x 的图像在区间[0,12]上有且仅有5个交点，求实数m 的取值范围.21. 定义运算“⊕”：对于任意,x y R ∈，(1)x y b x by ⊕=-+ （b R +∈）（等式的右边是通常的加减乘运算），若数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且3n n n S a ⊕=对任意*n N ∈都成立. （1）求1a 的值，并推导出用1n a -表示n a 的解析式；（2）若3b =，令3nn n a b =（*n N ∈），证明数列{}n b 是等差数列； （3）若3b ≠，令3nn n a c =（*n N ∈），数列{}n c 满足||2n c ≤（*n N ∈），求正实数b 的取值范围.参考答案一. 填空题 1. [0,2] 2.725 3. (,0)-∞ 4. 325. 83π6. 2(2)1(1)0x y -⋅++⋅-=7.8. 49. 25 10. 15arccos 1711. 12b c b +=-⎧⎨<-⎩（或11b c c +=-⎧⎨>⎩） 12. [3,4]二. 选择题13. B 14. D 15. D 16. C三. 解答题17．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分． 解 (1) 联结111BC O B OC O F 、、、，依据题意可知， 三棱锥1O FBC -的高与1AA 的长相等 因为2BC =，F 是棱AB 的中点，故1BF = 所以，11112323O FBC V BC BF AA -=⋅⋅⋅⋅=.(2) 联结EB ，又E 是棱11A B 的中点，11B E =.故1BE A F . 于是，BEC ∠就是异面直线A F 1与CE 所成的角(或补角).可求得BE ==tanBEC ∠所以，异面直线A F 1与CE 所成的角的大小是18．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分． 解 (1)11()cos 2,()022f x x f α=+=， ∴ 11cos 20,cos 21,sin 2022ααα+==-=．∴ 11(2)2sin 222g ααα=⋅=.(2) 依据题意，可知1()1cos 22,0.22h x x x x π=+≤≤ 于是，()1sin(2)6h x x π=++. 又02x π≤≤，可得72666x πππ≤+≤，1sin(2)126x π-≤+≤. 因此，11sin(2)226x π≤++≤. 所以函数()h x 的值域是1[,2]2.19． （本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分．解 (1) 椭圆2222:1(0)x y E a b a b+=>>的右焦点为(1,0)F ，点(0,)B b 满足||2FB =，2=，解得0)b b >.由公式222c a b =-，得2134,2(0)a a a =+==>，所以2,a b =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩(2) 因为直线l 过焦点F ，故直线与椭圆总交于M N 、两点.结合图形，可知，BFM BFN ∆∆与的高相同，且2BFMBFNS S ∆∆=， 即||2||FM FN =，则2FM NF =. 设1122(,)(,)M x y N x y ，，可得1122(1,)2(1,)x y x y -=--，解得12123,2.2x x y y -⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩ 由221122221,43 1.43x y x y ⎧+=⎪⎪⎨⎪+=⎪⎩解得111,2x y ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩求得直线l的斜率4112k ==--所以，所求直线l的方程为:1)l y x =-. 20．（本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分．解 (1)依据题意，知()21f x x =-，若(2)()f a x k f x -=⋅，即2(2)1(21)a x k x --=-. 化简得2412x a kx k -+-=-，此等式对R x ∈都成立，则22,41.k a k =-⎧⎨-=-⎩解得1,1.2k a =-⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩于是，函数()21f x x =-有理想数对1(,1)2-. 所以，函数()f x M ∈. 证明(2) 用反证法证明()g x M ∉.假设()g x M ∈，则存在实数对(,)(0)a k k ≠使得(2)()g a x k g x -=⋅成立.又()2x g x =，于是，222a x x k -=⋅，即2222a x k =⋅.一方面，此等式对R x ∈都成立；另一方面，该等式左边是正的常数，右边是随x 变化而变化的实数. 这是矛盾！故假设不成立. 因此，函数()g x 不存在理想数对(,)(0)a k k ≠，即()g x M ∉. 解(3)数对(2,1)(1,1)-和都是函数()h x 的理想数对，(4)(),(2)(),R h x h x h x h x x ∴-=-=-∈.(4)(4(4))(2(2))(2)(4(2))(2)().h x h x h x f x h x h x h x ∴+=-+=-+=-+=---=--=∴函数()h x 是以4为周期的周期函数.由(2)(),(2)()0,R h x h x h x h x x -=--+=∈，可知函数()h x 的图像关于点(1,0)成中心对称图形. 又11x -≤≤时，2()1h x x =-.13121x x ∴<≤-≤-<时，， 则2()(2)(2)1h x h x x =--=--.先画出函数()h x 在[1,3]-上的图像，再根据周期性，可得到函数()h x 的图像如下：221(2),2121,()(2)1,212 1.x k k k x k h x x k k k x k ⎧---≤<+⎪∴=⎨---≤<+⎪⎩为偶数，为奇数， 2()1(8),79h x x x ∴=--≤≤；2()1(12),1113h x x x =--≤≤.由2()1(8),(79)h x x x y mx⎧=--≤≤⎨=⎩有且仅有一个交点，解得16(17)m m =-=+. 由2()1(12),(1113)h x x x y mx ⎧=--≤≤⎨=⎩有且仅有一个交点，解得243(2143)m m =-=+.∴函数(0)y mx m =>的图像与函数()h x 的图像在区间[0,12]上有且仅有5个交点时，实数m的取值范围是2416m -<<- 21．（本题满分18分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分． 解 (1)3n n n S a ⊕=，∴(1)3n n n b S ba -=-+，*N n ∈，11S a =. 令1n =，得11(1)3b a ba -=-+， ∴13a =． 当2n ≥时，有111(1)3n n n b S ba ----=-+． ∴1*11(1)[]33(2,N )n n n n n n b S S ba ba n n -----=-++-≥∈．∴1*123(2,N )n n n a ba n n --=+⋅≥∈．证明 (2)3b =，*(N )3nn n a b n =∈，11b =， ∴1*1323(2,N )n n n a a n n --=+⋅≥∈，112333n n n n a a --=+． ∴*12(2,N )3n n b b n n --=≥∈． ∴数列{}n b 是以首项为1、公差为23的等差数列．解 (3) 结合(1)，且3b ≠，*(N )3n n n a c n =∈，11c =， ∴1123333n n n n a a b --=+，即1233n n b c c -=+*(2,N )n n ≥∈． 122()333n n b c c b b -∴-=---. 01当1b =时，1203c b-=-，此时，1n c =，总是满足||2n c ≤*(N )n ∈； 02当1b ≠时，1203c b -≠-，此时，23n c b ⎧⎫-⎨⎬-⎩⎭是等比数列． ∴1*122()()(N )333n n b c c n b b --=-∈--．∴ 1*21()(N )333n n b b c n b b --=+⋅∈--． 若3b >时，数列{}n c 是单调递增数列，且n →∞时，n c →+∞，不满足||2n c ≤*(N )n ∈ 若01b <<时，10,0133b b b -><<-，数列{}nc 是单调递减数列，故12c c >>.又11c =，同样恒有||2n c ≤*(N )n ∈成立； 若13b <<时，10,0133b b b -<<<-，数列{}n c 是单调递增数列，2lim 3n n c b →∞=-.由223b ≤-，即此时当12b <≤时，满足||2n c ≤*(N )n ∈.综上，所求实数b 的取值范围是(0,2].。
上海黄浦区2018年高考模拟卷(附答案)
黄浦区2018年高考模拟卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank(A)Positive thinking can help you win.Some athletes can reach great goals such as winning an Olympic gold medal．Others never live up to their promise. What kind of preparation before 25__________ race or other event makes the difference?Everyone knows that athletes spare no effort 26___________(strengthen) their bodies．But research shows that strengthening the mind may be justas important．Careful study indicates that the best athletes win partly 27________ they think they can win．Thinking positive thoughts seem to give the possibility for success in sports．People who say to themselves over and over "I know I 28__________do this" often find that they have the advantage to win．On the other hand, people who think "I can't win" often fail．One procedure 29___________helps many athletes is creating pictures in their mind．They are told to think of each move they must do．Some use more fanciful pictures．One skater liked to imagine a star bursting inside her, 30___________(fill) her with energy．Another athlete who wanted to feel calm pictured himself as a bird floating in the air．Next time you want to make progress, try training your mind to help you．Perhaps a teacher or other instructors can help you plan your training．If you imagine yourself doing31___________(well), you may soon see improvements in 32___________you really can do．Positive thinking and pictures created in your mind can help you win!(B)Two Brithsh coloniesAustralia, the last continent, was discovered by ships belonging to some European nations in the 17th century. These nations were less interested in changing it into a colony than in exploring it. As in the early history of the United States, it was the English 33__________ set up the settlements in Australia. This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some 34__________things in common as well.Australia and the United States are about the same in size, and their western lands are both not rich in soil, It was the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west. However, this westward movement took place more because the English 35__________(search) for better land than because the population was increasing. Settlements of the western part of both countries developed quickly after gold36____________(discover) in America in 1849 and in Australia two years later.Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common, there are some striking differences as well. The United States gained its independence from England byrevolution while Australia won its independence without 37____________(go) to war. Australia, firstly 38___________(turn) into a colony by English prisoners ,was unlike The United States, and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. By 1922, for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people, or almost half as many sheep as there are people today in the United States. Yet, 39___ ____ ____ these and other main differences, Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one40___________(have) with most of the rest of the worldSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Whenever I travel, I meet international leaders who have studied in Britain. These energetic, intelligent people chose Britain because we offer high quality higher education. This is good news for the UK. People who are educated here have a _41_tie to our country. They promote Britain around the world, helping our trade and our diplomacy. It is easier for our executives and our diplomats to do business with people _42__with Britain. Britain exports of education and training are worth some eight billion pounds a year. Money feeds into our institutions and helps our _43_ to open up opportunities for more people to study. Our young people also _44_. They gain from the doors in the world which contact with international students. We can teach, but we can also learn from others. Nowadays, we are launching a long-term strategy to strengthen the United Kingdom as a first choice for the quality of study and the quality of our _45__ to international students. This will be a UK-wide and a Government-wide effort. We are _46_ a package of measures to help encourage students from overseas to study in the UK. We will offer international students more open doors...We have the measures in place, but we are also _47_ tough targets for recruitment(招募). We want to have 25 percent of the global market share of higher education students and we want to increase the number of international students studying in Further Education institutions by 100 percent. Our aim is to _48_ these targets in 5 years. Tough targets, but deliverable. While giving these undertakings, I also want to lay down a challenge to others. To business--- I ask you to _49__ with the British Council overseas to market education. And to universities and colleges---I ask you to live up to your_50__, to professionalise your approach, to deliver a quality education to overseas students that encourages involvement and rises to the challenge of our competitors, to work as partners together.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The United States does not have a government office that regulates the film industry. Government, _51_, does link with the movie business in several ways.In the United States, films generally come from two_52__: large studios that produce many films and television programs each year and independent filmmakers, including both students and experienced filmmakers. Sometimes----through grants from universities or arts or humanities councils--independent filmmakers do receive_53_ indirectly from funding that originated with the local, state, or federal government, but more often funding comes from private investors or through charity organizations_54__ either promotion of arts or promotion of a cause being addressed by a film.While there is no_55__ of film, there are many government offices that interact with the film industry. At the state and local levels, government film offices promote local film locations because use of their local brings employment and other __56_ advantages to promote local tourist sites. These offices also help filmmakers work with the police and others to_57__ filming that impacts traffic, use public buildings, or otherwise needs special consideration._58__, government organizations, especially the branches of the military, have offices that help coordinate(协调) filmmakers’use of facilities, equipment, and even personnel. It would be_59_, for example, for a filmmaker to construct a make-believe aircraft carrier or to hire a cast of extras to be in the__60_ of a movie who look like real soldiers, sailors, airmen, or marines (whose haircuts, fitness levels, and posture are often different from that of civilian(群众) actors). The military is willing to make their facilities_61__, within reason, for approved projects, and each branch has an office that handles these requests. Other branches of the government_62__ requests to use public spaces and buildings, such as monuments or parks.Many years ago, the U.S. Government did produce quite a few feature films and worked closely with Hollywood on films that would encourage public morale during wartime. However, since World War II, these programs have been_63_ due to a combination of budgetary and philosophical concerns. The United States Information Agency,__64_, for many years produced films for exhibition to overseas audiences to complement its other educational programs. One such film, John F. Kennedy: Years of Ligthning, Day of Drums, a posthumous contribution to the president, even won the 1965 Academy Award for best documentary. This_65__, now a part of the U.S. Department of State, no longer produces such feature films.51.A.therefore B. moreover C. however D. otherwise52.A. factors B. sources C. studios D. methods53.A. criticism B. invitation C. support D.guidance54.A. regarded as pared to C. made of D.concerned with55.A. ministry B. feature C. promotion D.need56.A. educational B. economic C. enormous D. effective57.A. cooperate with B.focus on C.arrange for D.make up58.A. Hopefully B.Similarly C. Surprisingly D. Obviously59.A.flexible B.impatient C.neutral D.difficult60.A. industry B.background C.civilization D.entrance61.A.academic B.artificial C.available D.apparent62.A.address B. introduce C.receive D.propose63.A.promoted B.initiated C.eliminated D.highlighted64.A.for example B.by contrast C.in reality D.as a whole65.A.agent B.program C.director anizationSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by three questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fit best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)[1] “Maybe when I’m 90 years old,I’ll get used to having everything I do taken for granted,”a young homemaker told a secret to her neighbor, “If Bill would compliment me once in a while,he’d make my life much happier.”[2] Few of us realize how much we need encouragement.Yet we must bask(沐浴于)in the warmth of approval mow and then or lose our confidence.[3] All of us need to feel needed and admired.But unless we hear words of praise from someone else,how can we know that we are valued friends or co-workers?[4] Anyone who wants to improve his relationships with others need only show a sympathetic understanding.The way to express this understanding and to give others the feeling of importance and worthiness boils down to this:always kook for something in the other person you can admire and praise and tell him about it.[5] We each have a mental picture of ourselves,a self-imagine.To find life reasonably satisfying,that self-imagine must be one we can live with,one we can like.When we are proud of our self-image,we feel confident and free to be ourselves.We function at our best.When we are ashamed of our self-image,we attempt to hide it rather than express it.We become hard to get along with.[6] A miracle happens to the person whose self-pride has been raised.He suddenly likes other people better.He is kinder and more cooperative with those around him.Praise is the polish that helps keep his self-imagine bright and sparkling.[7] What has this to don with with your giving praise?A lot.You have the ability to perform that kind of miracle in another person.When you add to his self-pride,you make him want to like you and to cooperative with you.[8] In a classic bit of advice,Lord Chesterfield suggested to his son that he should follow the example of the Duke de Nivernoise ：“You will recognize that he makes people pleased with him by making them first pleased with themselves.”[9] The effects of Praise can be great indeed.A new minister called to a church whose members were jokingly referred to as “a refrigerator ”by other ministers decided against criticizing his people for their coolness toward strangers. Instead,he began welcoming visitors and telling them how friendly the members of the church were.Things gradually changed.“Praise transformed the ice-cube members into warmhearted human beings,”he said.66.From paragraph [1] and [2] we can learn that _______ .A.the young homemaker had a thirst for Bill’s praiseB.the neighbor reminded Bill to compliment the homemakerC.it is well-known that we all need encouragement very muchD.getting other people’s approval leads to losing self-confidence67.According to the passage,we become difficult to get on with probably because _______ .A.we want to show our self-imageB.we are not satisfied with our self-imageC.a miracle happens to other peopleD.we are ashamed of being praised68.The example in paragraph [8] tell us that _______ .A.Lord Chesterfield advised his son to praise the Duke de NivernoiseB.the Duke de Nivernoise made Lord Chesterfield pleased with his sonC.praising other people will help win other people’s complimentD.receiving words of praise should go before praising other people69.I n paragraph [9] , “a refrigerator ”was quoted probably because _______ .A.it was always freezing cold in the churchB.the new minister criticized his people coollyC.the church took the shape of a refrigeratorD.the members of the church were unfriendly to strangers(B)EXPERT WORKSHOPSEach hour-long workshop run twice;participate in any two of three.MONDAY, 13：00—14：00/ 14：00—15：00PLANET MONDEYAdam Davidson & Alex Blumberg , Co-Founders and House of NPR’s PlanetMoney(Ballroom A)The World Behind Your T-shirtExplore the global economy through the lens of an item you wear every day—the T-shirt.We”ll follow the journey of a typical T-shirt around the world as it is produced and sold.During the journey we”ll travel across more than 20,000 miles over four continents and go through every stage of the process,from coming up with a design to assembling mock T-shirts in a simulated garment factory.Get ready!DoSomething .orgApril Wright,Director,International ProgramsJanice Tsai ,International Associate(Ballroom B)10 Social Change Ways Make You a BallerThis session will expose the myth that being a social changemaker makes you a self-important ahiever.Instead, we”ll highlight the 10 ways being a social changermaker which will make you probably a baller.How ?We”ll share real examples of young people across the globe that are making a difference —big and small—in their communities.EdenWorksIrving Steel,International Liaison Officers ,TCS Education System and Advisor at Edenworks Wang Zongying,Executive Director of the Women’s CEO Network of ChinaPatrick Woock,Co-Founder of the the International Entrepreneur InstituteIs Aquaponics the Future of Food?Welcome to the future of the food!Aquaponics responds to the growing need for sustainable methods of food production by taking two practices,pairing the production of the fish and plants together and connecting them through an eco-system to create environmental efficiency ; Aquaponics uses only 10 percent of water compared to traditional agriculture and yields 2-3 times the amount of food,without the use of chemicals and pesticides(农药).The U.S. and China use roughly half of all chemical fertilizer in the world for food production.Imagine the possibilities.70.Each expert workshop _______ .A.runs only once on Monday afternoonsts about two or three hours a timeC.is hosted by two experts in different fieldsD.is held in a separate ballroom71.The workshop in Ballroom A is aimed to help the participants _______ .A.study the global economy through the lens of the T-shirtB.start the journey of a typical factory around the worldC.meet the people that make the clothes which we wearD.go through every stage of assembling mock T-shirts72.Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the workshop in Ballroom B?A.April Wright and Janice Tsai will host the workshop.B.This workshop will expose the myth of a social changemaker.C.The hosts will share some real examples of young people over the world.D.You’ll learn about some big and small differences made in some communities.73.“Aquaponics”mentioned in the last workshop probably refers to _______ .A.the importance of future foodB.a traditional agriculture methodC.an eco-system for food productionD.a test on chemicals and pesticides（C）The late 1980s found the landscape of popular music in America dominated by a distinctive style of rock and roll known as glam rock or hair metal—so called because of the over-styled hair, makeup, and clothes worn by the style’s shining rockers. Bands like Poison, Whitesnake, and Motley Crue popularized glam rock with their power songs and flashy style, but the product had worn thin by the early 1990s. Just as superficial as the 80s, glam rockers were shallow, short on substance, and musically inferior.In 1991, a Seattle-based band called Nirvana shocked the corporate music industry with the release of its first single,“Smells Like Teen Spirit,”which quickly became a huge hit all over the world. Nirvana had simply mainstreamed a sound and culture that got its start years before with bands like Mudhoney, Soundgarden, and Green River. Grunge（垃圾）rockers derived their fashionsense from the youth culture of the Pacific Northwest: a mixing of Punk rock style and outdoors clothing like heavy boots, worn out jeans, and so on. At the height of the movement’s opportunity, when other Seattle bands like Pearl Jam and Alice in Chains were becoming popular, the trappings of grunge were working their way to the height of American fashion. Like the music, the teenagers were fast to accept the grunge fashion because it represented rebellion against shallow pop culture.The popularity of grunge music was momentary; by the mid-to late-1990s, its influence upon American culture had all but disappeared, and most of its recognizable bands were nowhere to be seen to the charts. The heavy sound and themes of grunge were replaced on the radio waves by boy bands like the Backstreet Boys, and the bubblegum pop of Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera.There are many reasons why the Seattle sound faded out of the mainstream as quickly as it rocketed to distinction, but the most glaring reason lies at the rebellion, anti-establishment heart of the grunge movement itself. It is very hard to resist the trend when you are the one setting it, and many of the grunge bands were never comfortable with the fame that was brought to them. Eventually, the simple fact that many grunge bands were so against mainstream rock stardom（明星地位）took the movement back to where it started: underground. The fickle American mainstream public, as quick as they were to hop on to the grunge bandwagon, were just as quick to hop off and move on to something else.74. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?A. The landscape of popular music was dominated by rock and roll from 1980.B. The rock and roll formed a distinctive style just because of the over-styled hair.C. Glam rock became popular with the help of Poison, Whitesnake and BritneySpears.D. Glam rockers were shallow, short on substance, and their music was humble.75. It was not long before teenagers welcomed grunge fashion because________.A. it would represent the youth cultureB. grunge rockers told them to accept itC. they were tired of Glam Rock fashionD. it resisted the shallowness of pop culture76. What is the difference between glam rock and grunge rock?A. Glam rock was flashier, while grunge rock was rebellious.B. Glam rock appealed to teenagers, while grunge rock appealed to adults.C. Glam rock faded quickly, while grunge rock is still popular.D. Glam rock was more commercially successful than grunge rock.77. What is the writer trying to document in this passage?A. The popularity of glam rock.B. Nirvana’s role in popularizing grunge rock.C. The rise and fall of grunge rock.D. The reasons why young people loved grunge rock.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.By the mid-19th century most of Europe was in the first stage of the demographic（人口的）transition. Death rate had decreased, as wars, famines（饥荒）and diseases had; local foodshortages were rarer, thanks to better economic organization and transport; public health, medical care and the control of infectious diseases had improved. The population increased rapidly, as Malthus had predicted. Between 1800 and 1900 Europe’s population doubled, to over 400 million, whereas that of Asia, further behind in the demographic transition, increased by less than 50%, to about 950Million.But something else was happening there that would have taken Malthus by surprise: as people came to expect to live longer, and better, they started to have fewer children. They realized they no longer needed several babies just to ensure that two or three would survive. And as they moved from country to town, they also found that children were no longer an economic property that could be set to work at an early age, but a responsibility to be fed, housed and (some of them)educated, for years. Worse, with too many children, a mother would find it hard to take and keep a job, to add to the family income. Nor were the young any longer a guarantee against a poor old age: in the new industrial society, they were likelier to go their own way.Thanks to Europe’s newborn limitation, in the past 100 years or so its population has risen only 80%, to 730 million, and most countries’birth rate is now so low that numbers are unchanging or falling. But their composition is very different from the past: better living standards, health condition and medical treatment are multiplying old heads, even as the number of young ones shrinks.In contrast, Asia’s population over the same time has nearly increased four times, to more than 3.6 billion. North America’s too has grown almost as fast, but largely thanks to immigration. Africa’s has multiplied 5 times, and Latin America’s nearly sevenfold.Why these differences? From around 1950, death rate in developing countries also began to fall, and much faster than it ever had in Europe. The knowledge about how to avoid premature death of small children travelled so readily that life expectancy in many poor countries is now not far behind the rich world’s. But the attitudes and values that persuade people to have fewer children are taking longer to adjust.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS) 78. What prediction did Malthus make?79.Give one reason to explain why people started to have fewer children according to paragraph 2.80. Besides medical treatment, __________are the other two factors that contribute to the increasing number of old people.81.Why has the population in developing countries increased faster than it has in Europe in the last century?Translation:Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 82.这个协议将为两国的合作铺平道路。
上海市黄浦区达标名校2018年高考一月物理模拟试卷含解析.doc
上海市黄浦区达标名校2018年高考一月物理模拟试卷一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的1．光电效应实验，得到光电子最大初动能E km与入射光频率ν的关系如图所示。
普朗克常量、金属材料的逸出功分别为（）A．ba，b B．ba，1bC．ab，b D．ab，1b2．超导电磁船是一种不需要螺旋桨推进的低噪音新型船，如图是电磁船的简化原理图，AB和CD是与电源相连的导体板，AB与CD之间部分区域浸没在海水中并有垂直纸面向内的匀强磁场(磁场由固定在船上的超导线圈产生，其独立电路部分未画出)，以下说法正确的是A．使船前进的力，是磁场对海水中电流的安培力B．要使船前进，海水中的电流方向从CD板指向AB板C．同时改变磁场的方向和电源正负极，推进力方向将与原方向相反D．若接入电路的海水电阻为R，其两端的电压为U，则船在海水中前进时，AB与CD间海水中的电流强度小于U R3．两根相互平行的水平放置长直导线分别通有方向相同的电流I1和I2，且I1>I2；有一电流元IL与两导线均平行，且处于两导线的对称面上，导线某一横截面所在平面如图所示，则下列说法正确的是（）A．电流元所处位置的磁场方向一定竖直向下B．电流元所处位置的磁场方向一定水平向右C．要使电流元平衡，可在电流元正上方某位置加一同向通电导线D．如果电流元在所处位置受的安培力为F，则两导线在该处的磁感应强度大小为B=F IL4．图甲中的变压器为理想变压器，原线圈匝数1n 与副线圈匝数2n 之比为10：1，变压器的原线圈接如图乙所示的正弦交流电，电阻1220R R ==Ω，与电容器C 连接成如图所示的电路，其中电容器的击穿电压为8V ，电表均为理想交流电表，开关S 处于断电状态，则（ ）A ．电压表的读数为10VB ．电流表的读数为0.05AC ．电阻2R 上消耗的功率为2.5WD ．若闭合开关S ，电容器会被击穿5．如图所示为氢原子的能级图，用某种频率的光照射大量处于基态的氢原子，结果受到激发后的氢原子能辐射出三种不同频率的光子，让辐射出的光子照射某种金属，结果有两种频率的光子能使该金属发生光电效应，其中一种光子恰好能使该金属发生光电效应，则打出的光电子的最大初动能为（ ）A ．0B ．1.89eVC ．10.2eVD ．12.09eV6．如图所示，虚线所围矩形区域abcd 内充满磁感应强度为B 、方向垂直纸面向外的匀强磁场。