英语六级作文写作技巧——主体段展开方法一罗列法

【主体段展开方法一：罗列法】

罗列法是英文写作中最基本的一种，掌握此方法有助于其他方法的掌握。要陈述一系列的事实或观点时，可以把各项内容的相对重要性、危害性或利弊等按照逻辑顺序（重要性递增或重要性递减）排列。为了避免句型的单调重复，需要采用句子的衔接与过渡手段（transitional signals）。

一、有关事物的重要性

英美人士喜欢把最次要的放在最前面，最重要的放在最后面，这种递进法使展开部分达到高潮，会给读者留下深刻的印象。

Why We Needn’t Worry Too Much About Aids

Nowadays people turn pale at the mention of Aids, for they think it is more dangerous than cancer in that cancer is not infectious but Aids is in infectious. Actually it can be prevented and we needn’t be frightened of it. There are many factors that may account for this statement, but the following are the most typical ones.

First, the Aids virus is infected through blood, saliva（涎，唾液）and sexual intercourse. So long as we don’t abuse drug through intravenous injection（静脉注射）, kiss or have sexual intercourse with an Aids patient, we can prevent Aids. Besides, the Aids virus cannot exist out of the human body. Out of the human body it will soon die, especially in the sunlight. Therefore we will not be infected with Aids by touching the thing an Aids patient has touched. Most important of all, the Aids virus cannot spread through air. We will not be infected with Aids simply because we stay in the same room with an Aids patient. In some countries there is no special isolation ward（隔离房）for Aids patients.

In conclusion, so long as we know its regularity（规律）, we can prevent Aids. If we take precautions（预防措施）, we will not contract （感染）Aids.

衔接与过渡手段（transitional signals）

1）表示“首先”

first

firstly

first of all

to begin with

in the first place（后接in the second place）

for one thing (后接for another)

2)表示“第二”、“此外”、“其次”、“况且”

second

secondly

besides

what’s more

furthermore

in addition

in addition to + 第一点（用名词短语概括的内容）

another + 名词短语

an additional + 名词短语

besides + 名词短语

3) 表示“最后”

Finally

不可用at last或in the end

(4) 表示“最重要的是”

The most important reason is …

most important of all

above all

the most essential …

（5）表示“总之，总而言之”

on the whole

in conclusion

in short

in brief

in a word

in summary

to summarize

to sum up

(6)表示“纵上所述”

from the foregoing

from what has been discussed above

from the above analysis

【Assignment】Qualities of s Good Student

二、有关事物的危害性

The Harmful Effects of Global Warming

It is reported from different media that global warming could bring about a number of serious problems.

To begin with, rising global temperatures are expected change precipitation and other local climate conditions. Scientific reports have already proven that rising global temperatures could alter forests, crop yields, and water supplies and that there is likely to be an overall trend toward more intense rainstorms in one place and drier soils in another.

To make matters worse, air pollution could get much worse. All areas, not just major cities, could see an increase in the pollutants and a higher frequency and severity of lung diseases. It could also affect animals and many types of ecosystems. Worst of all, global warming could contribute to the rising of sea level, endangering or destroying coastal areas like Indonesia, where more than 45 million people live at coastal elevations within a meter of sea level.

Therefore, global warming is one of the most serious challenges facing us today. For economic and environmental reasons, and above all to save human lives, we should take drastic measures to prevent this problem becoming worse.

三、有关事物的利弊