【全国百强校】上海市格致中学黄浦校区2017届高三上学期开学考试英语试题
【2017年整理】上海市黄浦区届高三英语一模试卷（含答案及听力文字）
黄浦区2013学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷2014年1月9日下午（完卷时间：120分钟满分：150分）第I卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 4:45. B. 5:15. C. 5:30. D. 5:45.2. A. At home. B. In a restaurant. C. In a car. D. On the street.3. A. Colleagues. B. Husband and wife.C. Employer and employee.D. Mother and son.4. A. Listening to some loud music. B. Testing the earphones.C. Talking loudly on the phone.D. Preparing for the speech contest.5. A. Pick up his son from school. B. Meet the woman in her office.C. Work on a report.D. Prepare dinner for his son.6. A. She discussed the sports program with Mr. Wright.B. She is about to call Mr. Wright‘s secretary.C. She will see Mr. Wright at lunch time.D. She failed to reach Mr. Wright.7. A. To find out more about the topic for the conference.B. To make a copy of the schedule for his friend.C. To get the conference schedule for the woman.D. To pick up the woman from the library.8. A. It can stand any crash. B. It is not as good as hers.C. It was once damaged.D. It is kept in good condition.9. A. Continue to read. B. Take a history lesson.C. Have some coffee.D. Meet with some friends.10. A. More sleep can get the man back onto the right track.B. Tiredness is a typical symptom of lack of exercise.C. The man should spend more time outdoors.D. People tend to work longer hours with artificial lighting.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It is located in a college town. B. It‘s composed of a group of old buildings.C. The classrooms are beautifully designed.D. The library is often crowded with students.12. A. 18,000. B. 1,800. C. 24. D. 9,000.13. A. Teachers there needn‘t pay f or their rent.B. There is not even a television set on campus.C. Students can take a walk in the desert in their spare time.D. Students have no choice but to study and take up challenges.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To take medicine. B. To sleep more.C. To work less.D. To go travelling.15. A. They are not harmful to the brain. B. They have more benefits than harm.C. They are not worth the price at all.D. They are valuable but costly.16. A. They dama ge a person‘s mental health.B. They reduce a person‘s chance of recovery.C. They slow down a person‘s reaction to changes.D. They worsen a person‘s existing trouble.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.( A )―Come in, Kim. Have a seat, please,‖ said Bill Williams, the manager. This was Kim‘s first experience with an assessment. After only six months he was due for a raise (25) _____ this assessment was satisfactory.―Kim,‖ began Bill Williams, ―I am very pleased with the quality of your work. My only concern is that you are not active enough in (26) _____ (put) forward your suggestions.‖―But,‖ replied Kim, ―I have always completed every assignment you (27) _____ (give) me, Mr. Williams.‖―I know that, Kim. And pl ease, call me Bill. But (28) _____ I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas. It is more input from you (29) _____ I need –more feedback on how things are going. I don‘t need a ‗yes man‘. Y ou just smile (30) ___________ everythin g is fine. I‘m not asking you to tell me what to do, but what you think we (31) _____ do. To make suggestions, I employed you because I respect your experience in this field.‖―Y es, I see. I‘m not accustomed to this, but I will try to do as you say… Bill.‖―Good, then, I expect (32) _____ (hear) more from you at staff meetings or at any other time you want to discuss an idea with me.‖―Y es, of course. Thank you, Mr. Will… Bill.‖( B )I was the middle child of the three, but there was a gap of five years on either side, and I hardly saw my father before I was eight. For this and (33) _____ reasons I was somewhat lonely. I had the lonely child‘s habit of making up stories, and I think from the very start my literary ambitions (34) _____ (mix) up with the feeling of being isolated. I knew that I had a natural ability with words, and I felt that this created a sort of private world where I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life.However, the quantity of serious writing which I produced all (35) _____ my childhood would not add up to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother (36) _____ (take) it down to dictation. I cannot remember anything about it except that it was about a tiger and (37) _____ tiger had ―cha ir-like teeth‖— a good enough expression. At eleven, when the war of 1914-18 broke out, I wrote a poem (38) _____ (print) in the local newspaper later. From time to time, when I was a bit (39) _____ (old), I wrote bad and usually unfinished ―nature poems‖.I also, about twice, attempted a short story (40) _____ was a failure. That was the total of the would-be serious work that I actually set down on paper during all those years.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Here are four simple, healthy and, dare we say, fun ways to help you slim down and stay healthy.Have your cake …for breakfastAside from being depressing, the way to __41__ weight loss isn‘t by feeling deprived.Scientists say that people who started off the day with a __42__ felt fuller and more satisfied, and that led to their sticking with the program as the day went on. Being hungry is no way to start your day, so __43__ up with protein and a mouthful of something sweet. And most of all, enjoy! Sleep your way to weight lossDr. Andrew Calvin, one expert of Mayo Clinic study, is quoted as saying, ―If individuals are seeking to maintain a healthy weight or to lose weight, they should seek to get enough sleep on a __44__ basis.‖If you find it tricky to wind down at night, turn off the __45__ and engage in relaxing activities, like taking a bath or listening to __46__ music.Journal to drop poundsThe best __47__ for a dieter? Pen and paper! Women who wrote down everything they ate lost more weight than those who didn‘t track their food intake. Journaling makes you account able and more aware of what you‘re eating, so it makes sense that it‘ll keep you from __48__ chewing if you aren‘t actually hungry.Even a tiny bit of exercise helps your healthEven 20 to 30 minutes of physical activity most days of the weeks (broken up into smaller chunks is fine) reduces your risk for all sorts of physical ills. And even 20 minutes a week can improve your mood. That really stuck with me. It‘s easy to criticize ourselves or burn out if we make goals that are __49__ hard to achieve, but walking a few times a week is __50__ –and meaningful, too.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines; a never-ending flood of words. In getting a job advancing, the ability to read and comprehend __51__ can mean the difference between success and failure. Y et the unfortunate fact is that most of us are __52__ readers. Most of us develop poor reading habits at an early age, and never __53__ them. The main shortage lies in the actual stuff of language itself – words. Taken individually, words have little__54__ until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. Unfortunately, __55__, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously read one word at a time, often regressing to __56__ words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over what you have just read, is a common __57__ habit in reading. Another bad habit which __58__ the speed of reading is vocalization – sounding each word either __59__ ormentally as one reads.To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an accelerator, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set a slightly __60__ rate than the reader finds comfortable, in order to ―__61__‖ him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, making word-by-word reading, regression and sub-vocalization, practically __62__. At first comprehension is __63__ speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but your comprehension will improve. Many people have found their reading skill __64__ improved after some training. Take Charles Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute before the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that now he can go through a lot more reading material in a(n) __65__ period of time.51. A. quickly B. silently C. thoroughly D. vaguely52. A. casual B. curious C. efficient D. poor53. A. acquire B. cultivate C. kick D. practice54. A. formation B. meaning C. pronunciation D. transformation55. A. however B. moreover C. somehow D. therefore56. A. recite B. reread C. reuse D. rewrite57. A. horrible B. incurable C. social D. viewing58. A. achieves B. gains C. measures D. reduces59. A. orally B. physically C. quietly D. repeatedly60. A. better B. faster C. lower D. steadier61. A. distract B. embarrass C. interest D. stretch62. A. demanding B. impossible C. reasonable D. useful63. A. applied to B. matched with C. sacrificed for D. substituted for64. A. dramatically B. hardly C. slightly D. subconsciously65. A. indefinite B. lengthy C. limited D. setSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Jane Austen was born in the English countryside more than 200 years ago. She lived a simple life. She seldom travelled. She never married and she died from illness when she was only 41.However, people all over the world remember her. Why? It is because Jane Austen is the author of some of the best-loved novels in the English language. These novels include Emma, Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility and Persuasion.Jane completed her last novel Persuasion in 1816, but it was not published until after her death. Persuasion is partly based on Jane‘s naval brother.Anne, the daughter of Sir Walter Elliot, falls in love with Captain Wentworth, a person of a lower social position. But she breaks off the engagement when persuaded by her friend Lady Russell that such a match is unworthy. The breakup produces in Anne a deep and long-lasting regret. Eight years later, Wentworth returns from sea a rich and successful captain. He finds Anne‘s familyon the edge of financial ruin. Anne and the captain rediscover their love and get married.Jane Austen once compared her writing to painting on a little bit of ivory（象牙）, two inches square. Readers of Persuasion will see that neither her skill of delicate, ironic(讽刺的) observations on social custom, love, and marriage nor her ability to apply a sharp focus to English manners and morals has abandoned her in her final finished work.Persuasion has produced three film adaptations: a 1995 version starring Amanda Root and Ciaran Hinds, a 2007 TV miniseries with Sally Hawkins and Rupert Penry-Jones, and a 1971 miniseries with Ann Firbank and Bryan Marshall.People who are interested in Jane Austen can still visit many of the places she visited and lived. These places include the village of Steventon, although her family house is now gone. Many of the places Jane visited in Bath are still there. Y ou can visit Jane Austen‘s home in Chawton, where she did her best writing, and Winchester, where she died.66. What is the theme of Persuasion?A. Never regret what you‘ve chosen.B. True love lasts forever.C. Be matched for marriage.D. Love waits for no man.67. Which of the following CANNOT describe Jane‘s writing style?A. Her application of symbolism.B. Her delicate observations.C. Her focus on manners and morals.D. Her use of irony.68. Which of the following about Jane Austen is TRUE?A. Her family house is now in the village of Steventon.B. Many of the places she visited in Bath are still available.C. The latest film adaptation of Persuasion was produced in 1995.D. Her last novel Persuasion is considered her most successful one.69. The article mainly talks about _______.A. Jane Austen‘s uni que writing styleB. the original residence of Jane AustenC. Jane Austen‘s last novel: PersuasionD. the popularity of Jane Austen‘s novels70. The phrase ―a grant‖ in the first line most probably means _____.A. bank interestB. a credit cardC. an education feeD. financial aid71. A student from Japan who has been studying in England for a year and intends togo to college in a few months will _____.A.be unable to get money from any LEAB.get money if taking a first degree courseC.get money from LEA when finishing his courseD.have to open a bank account before getting money72. A 31-year-old nurse wishes to qualify as a doctor at a university. She has workedsince she was 25. How much extra money will she get a year?A.None.B. £155.C. £615.D. £515.73. A big bank offers a new student special services because _____.A. they need student accounts badlyB. they charge students extra interestC. they know he can get money regularlyD. they hope he‘ll be a potential customer(C)Publicity offers several benefits. There are not costs for message time or space. An ad in prime-time television may cost $250,000 to $5,000,000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything. Publicity reaches a mass audience within a short time and new products or company policies are widely known.Credibility about messages is high, because they are reported in independent media. A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper, because the reader associates independence with objectivity. Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads. For example, Women’s Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements. Readers spend time reading the stories, but they skim through the ads. Furthermore, there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine. Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly.Publicity also has some significant limitations. A firm has little control over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. It may issue detailed news releases and find only portions mentioned by the media, and media have the ability to be much more critical than a firm would like.For example, in 1982, Procter & Gamble faced a massive publicity problem over the meaning of its 123-year-old company logo. To fight this negative publicity, the firm had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America to disprove the rumor (谣言). The false rumors were temporarily put to rest. However, in 1985, publicity became so troublemaking that Procter & Gamble decided to remove the logo from its products.A firm may want publicity during certain periods, such as when a new product is introduced or new store opened, but the media may not cover the introduction or opening until after the time it would aid the firm. Similarly, media determine the placement of a story; it may follow a report on crime or sports. Finally, the media decide whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it.74. All of the following advantages of publicity are mentioned EXCEPT _____.A. time savingB. attentivenessC. credibilityD. profitability75. Compared with ad, news report or featuring stories are more _____.A. believableB. clearC. dependentD. subjective76. The example of ―Procter & Gamble‖ is given to show _____.A. the efficient way of disproving rumorsB. the importance of a spokespersonC. the interaction between firms and mediaD. the negative effect of publicity77. What‘s the author‘s attitude towards publicity?A. doubtfulB. objectiveC. passiveD. supportiveSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal or moral rights of others. So the massacre (大屠杀) on the road may be regarded as a social problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless people just ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one‘s actions could bring death o r damages to others. A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence.Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 percent of all automobile accidents can beconnected with psych ological condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can affect drivers‘ reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is vital for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one‘s em otions under control.Y et the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not limited to drivers. Street walkers regularly ignore traffic regulations. They are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents; and many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.In the past few years, safety standards for vehicle have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things present a threat to those with whom they share the road.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Why road killers can‘t be excused?Because __________.79. In order to avoid automobile accidents, the experts suggest drivers should __________.80. Besides drivers, who should also be blamed for most roads accidents?81. The accident rate has decreased in the past few years because of __________.第II卷I. T ranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.他总是不懂装懂。
上海市黄浦区名校2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试英语试卷(含答案)
上海市黄浦区名校2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试英语试卷（含答案）上海市黄浦区名校2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Imagine for a moment that your unborn child has a rare genetic disorder. Not (21) _________ at least vaguely familiar, such as sickle-cell anaemia or cystic fibrosis, but rather a condition (22) _________ (bury) deep within the medical dictionary. Adrenoleukodys trophy, maybe. Or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.Would you, when your child is born, want to know about it If effective treatments were available, you probably would. But if not If the outcome were fatal, would your interest in knowing about it depend on whether your newborn had five years of life (23) _________ (look) forward to, or ten Or 30Today these questions are mostly hypothetical. Precisely because they are rare, such disorders are seldom noticed at birth. They manifest（显现）themselves only gradually, and often with unpredictable severity. But that may soon change. Twenty years after the first human genome (24) _________ (map), the price of whole-genome sequencing has fallen to a point (25) _________ it could, in rich countries at least, be offered routinely to newborns. Parents will then have to decide exactly how much they want to know.Early diagnosis brings with it the possibility of early treatment. Moreover, sequencing the genomes of newborns could offer a lifetime of returns. A patient's genome may reveal (26) _________ drugs will work best in his or her particular case for conditions such as ADHD, depression and bined with information about someone's way of life, it could highlight easily neglected health risks such as cancers and cardiovascular disease, leading to better preventive measures. A database of genomes, (27) _________ (match) to living people, would be a benefit to medical research. The fruits of that research, in turn, would make those genomes more useful to their owners as time goes on.Such a powerful new technology create new dangers. Widespread screening for thousands of potentially harmful genes may be counterproductive: some results may worry parents unnecessarily, because some genetic variations, (28) _________ occasionally indicativeof disease, are not strongly so. Parents may not want to unlock all the secrets that their newborn's genome might reveal. Some may indeed prefer not to know about conditions that cannot be treated. Adult-onset illnesses pose a different dilemma - a reasonable position is that it (29) _________ be up to the children themselves, once grown, to decide whether they want to look at their genomic information. A further concern is that data will not be kept secure, and may be leaked or otherwise misused (30) _________ some point in the future.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.(B)A. includingB. urgentC. featuresD. targetsE. lengthsF. chasingG. accusedH. commandsI. fedJ. restockK. collectingPokemon Stickers Are Back for Koreans Nostalgic（怀旧的）for Childhood Small pastries include a surprise sticker, and the goal is to find all 159 varieties -- just like a trend more than 20 years ago.Jeong Bo-ram's new fascination has him __31__ mass-produced pastries （糕点）, delivery trucks and his childhood memories. His __32__ are $1.20 bakery items sold with random Pokemon stickers that fly off storeshelves in South Korea.Just a few short of a full 159-sticker collection, 29-year-old Mr. Jeong has gone to more than 10 convenience stores and supermarkets a day, often leaving empty-handed. He has paid hundreds of dollars. He has learned the evening __33__ times throughout his neighborhood to know when fresh drop-offs occur.More than two decades ago, the Pokemon sticker-treat duo caught on with a generation of South Korean children, before the craze passed after a few years and the products were discontinued. Now the goodies are back just in time for the country's broader retro boom, __34__ by adults nostaglic for simpler times.South Koreans are going to great __35__ to live out the Pokemon tagline of "Gotta catch 'em al," with some __36__ the stickers in display booklets. Pokemon, originally a Japanese game for the Nintendo Game Boy that __37__ hundreds of monster characters, has expanded into globally popular animated series, toys and video-games, __38__ the recent hit Pokemon Go for smartphones.Retailers have posted signs on their entrances that read, "We have no Pokemon bread," while some store owners are __39__ of bundling the in-demand pastries with unpopular items. Hunters camp outside supermarkets early in the morning. The rarest of stickers, such as that of the legendary characters Mew（梦幻）and Mewtwo（超梦）, fetch $40online. A full collection __40__ more than $700, the listings show. Actual children also try to find the stickers, but adults are using their greater resources for the hunt.Ko Hyo-jin shrieked when she ripped open a package of "Diglett Strawberry Custard Bread" recently and discovered inside a sticker of Mewtwo - a two-legged monster shown extending its paw. She immediately dialed up her husband. "It felt like winning the lottery," said the 39-year-old homemaker in the Seoul Suburbs.The nostalgic chase has been embraced by young adults facing Korea's stagnant economy, soaring real-estate prices and a tight labor market. III. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How Do You Know You're Not in the MatrixAt the heart of the philosophy of Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas（阿奎那）is the idea that we come into contact with reality through the senses. But what if our senses are not a(n) (41) _________ source Perhaps our senses are deceiving us, and everything we perceive isn't real but is an illusion like in the movie The Matrix.This (42) _________ of sense knowledge was part of Rene Descartes's（笛卡尔）methodic doubt, which many radical（激进的）skeptics have adopted. Descartes argued: whatever I have up till now accepted as most true I have acquired either from the senses or through the senses. But I have found that the senses may deceive me (43) _________, and it is sensible never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once. And one example Descartes gives as evidence is the fact that objects at a distance look smaller than what they are.But this is not deception. The sense of sight is reporting (44) _________ what it perceives. As D. Q. McInerny（麦克伦尼）says, "This is the sense of sight functioning just as it should, in order to give me a proper knowledge of (45) _________". Only when one made the judgement that "the man is small and then becomes big" world (46) _________ come in. Truth and falsity do not (47) _________ sensory perception but the fact of judging that perception.Another (48) _________ with Descartes's reason for doubting sensory perception is that he relies on only one sensory power. It's often the case that in order to test whether one sense is deceiving us, we must (49) _________ another sense.To use an example that many radical skeptics do to justify their doubt of sense knowledge. I may perceive the stick (50) _________ immersed in water as crooked（弯曲）. How do I determine whether what I perceive is actually the case I pick up the stick. When I do so, I judge the stick isactually (51) _________. But in order to make a correct judgment about the stick, I use another sensory power -- namely, (52) _________ -- that I must trust in order to make the proper judgment.With regard to Descartes's example, in order to make a sound judgment about the (53) _________ of the man walking up the street, Descartes would have to make contact with him through the sense of touch and measure him, which requires trust in sense knowledge.However, Descartes's recognition of the man's small stature（身高）as (54) _________ presupposes his trust in his previous sensory experience of the man's tall stature. As Ralph McInerny notes, "Descartes must trust his senses in order to challenge them."So, if it's reasonable to trust sense knowledge, and the senses put us into contact with the (55) _________ world, then we can have greater certainty that what we perceive is objectively real.41. A. external B. primary C. reliableD. alternative42. A. disbelief B. application C. branchD. command43. A. in no case B. out of nowhere C. by all meansD. now and then44. A. accurately B. independently C. accidentallyD. considerately45. A. philosophy B. distance C. natureD. life46. A. analysis B. error C. changeD. reflection47. A. lead to B. serve as C. identify withD. lie in48. A. problem B. consideration C. advantageD. perspective49. A. abandon B. regain C. sharpenD. employ50. A. barely B. wrongly C. partiallyD. completely51. A. hollow B. straight C. thickD. bent52. A. smell B. sight C. touch D. taste53. A. size B. status C. ageD. weight54. A. scientific B. unusual C. reasonableD. horrifying55. A. imaginary B. private C. contemporaryD. outsideSection BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)Be a Better Traveler in the Over-tourism EraTravel has become as accessible as McDonald's, reaching a new high as global tourist arrivals reached 1.4 billion last year. In 1995, global arrivals numbered only 525 million.As a father of two kids, I am the first to celebrate the drop in costs brought on by air-travel market liberalization, the rise of discount airlines, a revolution in accommodations thanks to the likes of and Airbnb, and mobile devices installed with the best maps and travel guides the world has ever known. I'm also happy for the retailers, hoteliers, museum keepers and others who have benefited financially from the tourism boom.I can't help but wonder, though, what we are actually seeing as we travel these days. More people are travelling, but many are visiting the same places. Is a forest of selfie sticks what I wanted to show my daughter at the Louvre When was the last time I set food on Prague's main square without being elbowed a dozen times Is a trip to Barcelona complete ifyou have to avoid every famous location for fear of being trampled（踩踏）Cities can not do much about this -- they can't very well close airports, force airlines to fly less frequently or increase their prices. Raising the cost of air travel, overall or to specific destination, will never be popular. Many will object it on the grounds that travel shouldn't be just for the rich, and it'll hurt the residents of cities troubled with over-tourism.So what should travelers do Stay home That's unlikely. But if you are heading for some of the world's most popular destinations, rethink your bucket list（愿望清单）. You should be open to venturing beyond the obvious. Even if you are set on visiting an iconic site, consider going at an off-peak time.The biggest thing to keep in mind, no matter where you travel, is to be well-researched, respectful and genuinely curious about the destination. Don't fall victim to what people call "selfie culture" and "bucket list culture". Treat the destination as you would do to your own home -- not as a "hidden gem" that you throw money at to get certain experience you feel entitled to.56. Which of the following is NOT the cause of the drop in travelling costs according to the authorA. The rise of discount airlines.B. The freedom to choose transportC. The popularization of mobile devices.D. The appearances ofand Airbnb.57. According to the passage, why might some people oppose raising the cost of air travelA. It would result in a decrease in airport security.B. It would lead to fewer people travelling overall.C. It would hurt the residents of tourism-dependent cities.D. It would encourage a "bucket list culture."58. What does the author mean by saying "Cities can not do much about this"A. Facing the trouble of over-tourism, cities lack feasilbe measure.B. Those cities as famous tourist destinations are not only for the rich.C. Cities with over-tourism can't deal with protests among travelers.D. Cities with over-tourism can stop people making trips there.59. What should people do to be a better traveler in the over-tourism eraA. Set on a journey at an on-peak time.B. Avoid visiting an iconic siteC. Raise the cost of air travel.D. Be willing to explore new sites.(B)Teacher burnout（倦怠）and student stress may be linked, according to a University of British Columbia study. The study is the first of its kind toexamine the connection between teacher burnout and students' cortisol levels（皮质醇水平）, which are a biological indicator of stress. Researchers collected saliva samples from over 400 elementary school children and tested their cortisol levels. They found that in classrooms in which teachers experienced more burnout, or feelings of emotional exhaustion, students' cortisol levels were elevated. Higher cortisol levels in elementary school children have been linked to learning difficulties as well as mental health problems."This suggests that stress spreading might be taking place in the classroom among students and their teachers," said Eva Oberle, the study's lead author. Indeed, the relationship between student stress and teacher burnout is a chicken and egg question. It is unknown what came first - elevated cortisol or teacher burnout. We consider the connection between student and teacher stress a cyclical problem in the classroom. Oberle said a stressful classroom climate could be a result of inadequate support for teachers, which may impact teachers' ability to effectively manage their students. A poorly managed classroom can contribute to students' needs not being met and increasing stress. This could be reflected in elevated cortisol levels in students.Alternatively, stress could originate from students, who may be more challenging to teach because of increases in anxiety, behavioral problems, or special needs. In this situation, teachers could feel overwhelmed andreport higher levels of burnout."Our study is a reminder of the systemic issues facing teachers and educators as classroom sizes increase and supports for teachers are cut," said Oberle."It is clear from a number of recent research studies that teaching is one of the most stressful professions, and that teachers need adequate resources and support in their jobs in order to battle burnout and relieve stress in the classroom," said UBC education professor Kimberly Schonert-Reichl, the study's co-author and director of HELP. "If we do not support teachers, we risk the collateral damage（附带损伤）of students."60. Paragraph 4 and paragraph 5 are intended to make it clear that _________.A. teacher burnout is the cause of the elevated cortisol levels in studentsB. the connection between students and teacher stress is a cyclical problemC. students with higher stress level are more likely to have learning difficultiesD. students' behavioral problems contribute to teacher's higher level of burnout61. According to the writer, many British teachers face the problem that _________.A. teachers are not well trained to deal with students' problemsB. teachers' income increases but teaching resources are cutC. there are more students in each class and less support for teachersD. there is a widening gap between students' need and teachers' ability62. Which is the best title for the passageA. How to Relieve Stress in the ClassB. Teacher burnout, avoidable or notC. The Most Stressful Profession in the WorldD. Students Stress and Teacher Burnout: A chicken and egg question. (C)In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic（官僚主义的）management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-equipped factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, seemingly because they might find themselves out of a job or they would say that they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. In fact, they feel desperate as they live and die without ever having confronted the fundamentalrealities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century "free enterprise" capitalism Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities - those of all love and of reason --are the aims of social arrangements. Production andconsumption should serve as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.63. By "a well-oiled cog in the machinery", the author expresses the idea that man is _________.A. an essential part of society though individual's function is negligibleB. expected to work in reasonable harmony with the rest of societyC. a replaceable component of society, though functioning smoothlyD. responsible for the smooth running of society and business operations64. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that _________.A. they are filled with well-founded fear of being unemployedB. they don't have any genuine satisfaction or being unemployedC. they have to face the fundamental realities of human existenceD. they are deprived of their independence65. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those who _________.A. hold well-paid and life-long jobsB. enjoy high social status and reputationC. outperform their fellow-competitorsD. stay away from over-competitiveness66. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should _________.A. resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB. offer higher wages to workers and employeesC. enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD. escape consumerism and embrace humanismSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. But the ultimate issue with the rankings doesn't lie with the cheaters.B. In fact, it can have the unacceptable effect of discouraging college from accepting more low-income students, lest it worsen their graduation rates.C. For example, a much less expensive school might offer an equal or better education than a more highly ranked but costlier one.D. But many other factors used in ranking the schools still have little meaning to a student's experience.E. The most selective schools --Princeton, MIT and so forth --don't need rankings to boost their reputation or applicant pool.F. Even as they do so, the criticisms of published college rankings that may have guided their preferences are increasing.College rankings are misleading. So why do we still use themMany high school seniors have been opening emails over the past weeks that tell them whether they got into the colleges of their choice._________67_________A math professor at Columbia University is challenging the data that the Ivy League school reported to U. S. News whether graduates will leave with a load of debt; whether students will feel comfortable and engaged on campus; and whether they'll be prepared for a fulfilling career.第II卷I. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To Be a Creative PersonWithout creative people, the world would be a terrible place. Can you imagine a life without art The thought alone makes me tremble. Could you be the next William Shakespeare, Steven Spielberg, or J. K. Rowling The key lies in obtaining a creative personality.Creative types don't always get along well with management because they would rather march to the beat of their own drum. Most people have a strong desire to fit in, something that you don't understand. Following the rules makes you uncomfortable. While most people are running and hiding from problems, you purposely seek them because you love nothing more than a fresh new challenge.You wrote a blog many months ago and thought it was wonderful at thetime you published it. But then you read it again later and wonder, "What on earth was I thinking " You then identify approximately a thousand ways it could have been better and kick yourself for being so stupid. A brain lacking curiosity is not creative.Some writers go to a country house or beach to write novels for a reason. Some atmospheres are more helpful to creativity than others. Maybe you like to pack up your laptop and go to a coffee shop, downtown bench, or under a tree at the park. Whatever the case may be, you need to know where to go to develop your creativity. Inspiration doesn't happen on its own. Whether it is the opening of an art gallery, a theatrical production, or live music at a downtown bar, you search for inspiration wherever you can find it.It's nice to know you're not alone in your desire to create. However, whether a person who hates you thinks your art is bad, a family member thinks you deserve a real job, or a friend thinks your ideas will never work, you will never give in to outside pressure.II. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你大老远跑去超市买方便面有意义吗？(sense)2. 有些地方因空气污染而出现了许多奇怪的疾病，医生也束手无策。
2016年上海市格致中学黄浦校区高三(上)英语--第一次月考
格致中学高三开学考2016.9II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.An accident in a bicycle race in the United States eight years ago alerted James Chang to the importance of sports medicine. One of his riding companions (21) ______ (injure) severely in the accident.From then on, Chang, 45, a Chinese-American who was born in Anhui province, began to launch business relating to physical safety and medical assistance, particularly in sport. So (22)______ he took up marathon running two years ago he was shocked to see frequent injuries, many of them avoidable.“I always heard people talking about people in marathons in China dying suddenly,” he says, adding that one reason why many of these deaths happen is (23) ______ there is a lot of ignorance in China about what marathon running involves.Many amateur runners in China who are highly competitive get carried away and run at a pace that is far in excess of (24) ______ they can expect their body to take, and even ignore clear signals such as pain, Chang says.As Chinese have placed more emphasis on leading healthy life-styles in recent years, marathon and other long-distance running (25) ______ (become) a highly popular sport across the country quickly.More than 50 China Athletic Association-sanctioned urban marathons were held in the country last year, and 39 races（26）______ (involve) more than 750,000 runners were held the year before. However, long-distance running is a serious business that（27）______ exact a heavy physical toll on runners.“Marathon carries (28) ______(high) risks of injury than other forms of sport,” Hou says, adding that the key to avoiding injury is to strengthen the body through regular exercise andto be aware of one’s own physical condition.Although some chronic injuries are hard (29)______(avoid), even for highly experienced runners, cramp, fainting and shock can easily be prevented (30)______ runners better understand the sport, he says.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. travelsB.interactionC.presidentialD.disagreementsE.releasedF. patrioticG.scheduledH. humanity I.demonstratingJ.encounteredK.involvingWith the publication of the new memoir （a book by someone important and famous in which they write about their life and experiences），Hard Choices, former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton has kicked off a book tour that could preview a ___31___run.The tour began in the friendliest possible setting: a book-signing event at a Barnes & noble in Manhattan’s Union Square. Around 1,000 people –some had slept on the sidewalk the night before—cheered as Clinton arrived about 20 minutes behind schedule and delivered brief remarks with a(n) ___32___ tone.The nearly 700-page b ook, ___33___ on June 10, was “written for anybody who wants to think about, and learn about, what is happening in the world today—why American matters, and why the world matters to America，”said the former first lady and New York senator. “And we have a l ot of hard choices ahead of us in our country to make it as brave and as strong as it should be. And we have a lot of hard choices to continue to lead the world and solve problems that affe ct us and the rest of ___34__ ”.In the book, Clinton frames the foreign policy situations ___35__ during her tenure（the period of time when someone has an important job）as a series of hard choices, especially those ___36__the middle east, Afghanistan , Pakistan and Russia, while recounting some ___37__ within the Obama administration. She also delves into some personal aspects of her life, including her daughter Chelsea Clinton’s wedding, and offers glimpse of personal interactions with citizens of other countries during her ___38__as secretary.The book tour was ___39__ to take Clinton to Chicago, Philadelphia, Washington, Toronto and Austin. Her fast pace and intense media attention resembled a hybrid of celebrity book tour and campaign kickoff.During a(n) ___40__with some 1,000 students at a recent event at Arizona state university, for instance, she hinted that she was considering running for presidency in 2016 because she was “very much concerned” about the direction that the U.S. was going.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The famous American inventor Thomas Alva Edison once claimed that genius was one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration(汗水). Now, it seems, there is scientific evidence to __41__ his claim. The idea that geniuses such as Shakespeare, Mozart, and Picasso possessed certain inborn talents is a false belief, according to a study by a British psychologist and his colleagues.After examining outstanding performance in the arts and sports, these researchers concluded that __42__ is determined by opportunity, encouragement, training, motivation, self-confidence, and — most important of all — __43__. Even people who were not thought to be 44__ with any special talent could, after having received training, reach levels __45__ considered attainable (可获得的) only by gifted individuals. ‘Talent is a false belief, and it is time that people got rid of it,” they said.This theory —a dramatic __46__ with traditional beliefs —has been __47__ by academics worldwide. In fact, studies of accomplished artists and mathematicians, and toptennis players and swimmers, have reported few early signs of _48__ in these people before any parental encouragement. No case has been found of anyone reaching the highest levels of achievement without _49__ himself or herself to thousands of hours of serious training. Even those who are believed to be exceptionally talented — whether in music, mathematics, chess, or sports — have needed lengthy periods of instruction and practice to achieve their highest level of success. ‘The persistent false belief that some people reach high levels of performance without spending numerous hours practising __50__ much to the fact that their practice is usually outside the casual observer’s view,’ stated one scientist.The importance of practice has been noticed in athletics. For instance, differences in the composition of certain muscles were once thought to be __51_ predictors of athletic performance. However, the differences in the proportion of certain muscle fibers(组织) that are __52__ for success in long-distance running are largely the result of extended practice in running.‘What makes a genius then?’one may ask. __53__, there is no clear answer. What is known, however, is that ‘nurture’is at least as important as ‘nature.’__54__, a supportive environment will do far more for a child’s prospects of success than any inborn gifts. This is a message that most of us will find _55__ — even if we haven’t won the gene lottery, our fate is still in our own hands.41. A. make B. challenge C. support D. dismiss42. A. excellence B. harmony C. negotiation D. response43. A. education B. practice C. fortune D. character44. A. satisfied B. concerned C. decorated D. gifted45. A. preciously B. practically C. previously D. primarily46. A. break B. association C. partnership D. relief47. A. doubted B. concluded C. mentioned D. applauded48. A. accomplishment B. treasure C. diligence D. inspiration49. A. adapting B. attaching C. linking D. devoting50. A. carries B. leaves C. owes D. connects51. A. creative B. reliable C. natural D. active52. A. essential B. suitable C. possible D. feasible53. A. Unlikely B. Similarly C. Hopefully D. Unfortunately54. A. To sum up B. In other words C. For example D. In addition55. A. misleading B. puzzling C. comforting D. amusing Section BDirections:Read the following four passages.Each passage is followed by severed questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B and C. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Which tablet computer should YOU be buying: They are this year's must have... and there's a style to suit everyone?Best for young childrenLeapPad Explorer 2, £68Aimed at childrenbetween three and nine(though a nine-year-oldmight find it a little simple),it comes in pink or blue and with five built-in education games (you can buy more). Besides, the LeapPad does not allow access to the internet —so it is impossible for your child to stumble across anything inappropriate.Pros: The education games are well-designed, the built-in video camera is a fun way to play at being a film director.Cons:Some of the games are shockingly expensive. And the power Best for teenagersiPad 4th generation, £399-£659The iPad is still themarket leader, and forgood reason. If theteenager in your houseenjoys playing computer games, the latest offering from Apple is the one to choose.Pros: No other tablet can compete with the near one million ‘apps’ (the name Apple created for specially-designed downloadable programs) available for the iPad. Simple to use, even for those who usually struggle with technology.Cons: Considerably more expensive than most competitors.adaptor is not included.Best for working parentsMicrosoft Surface, £399-£559Tablets arebrilliant for leisure —but what if you want to do a bit of work? No tablet can yet compete with a full-size laptop computer, but this is the only tablet that allows you to use Microsoft Word, Excel and Powerpoint (they are all pre-installed and included in the price) and you can buy a pretty lovely mini- keyboard for typing letters and emails, which also doubles up as the cover.Pros:The Surface is good for watching movies — a bonus when stuck in the airport on a business trip —and surfing the internet.Con: The keyboard is an expensive add-on - costing up to £109. It might be cheaper to buy a laptop (though a tablet is much smaller and lighter). Best for bookwormsAmazon Kindle Paperwhite, £109Nearly all tablets let you downloadbooks. It's a great way totake a mountainous pile ofhardbacks on holidaywithout stuffing yoursuitcase.But most tablets have a shiny screen —which can be very distracting when you're trying to read. The Paperwhite is different: its matt screen and crisp black lettering imitate the look of words on paper brilliantly. And yet you can still read the words in the dark.Pros:Easy on the eye, excellent battery life, 180,000 free books (if you subscribe to the Amazon Prime customer loyalty service) plus hundreds of thousands more to buy.Cons: No TV, films, games, internet or camera.1. The underlined phrase ‘stumble across’ most probably means ‘___________’.A. meet withB. quarrel withC. compare withD. competewith2. Which of the following about Surface is NOT TRUE?A. The keyboard will add to the cost.B. The keyboard can serve as a cover.C. You have to pay extra to install Microsoft Word.D. You can watch movies or surf the Internet with it.3. If you are a game lover, which tablet is least likely to be your choice?A. LeapPad Explorer 2.B. iPad 4th generation.C. Microsoft Surface.D. Amazon Kindle Paperwhite.(B)Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced increasing growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, some users fail to realize the fact that the information they post online can come back to trouble them. First, employers can monitor employees who maintain a blog, photo diary, or website. Employers can look for troublesome emp loyees’ opinions, sensitive information disclosures, or wildly inappropriate conduct. For example, a North Carolina newspaper fired one of its features writers after she created a blog on which she anonymously wrote about the characteristics of her job and coworkers.The second unintended use of information from social networking websites is employers who check on potential employees. A New York Times article reported that many companies recruiting (招募) on college campuses use search engines and social networking websites such as MySpace, Xanga, and Facebook to conduct background checks. Although the use of MySpace or Google to investigate a student’s background is somewhat upsetting to many undergraduates, the Times noted that the use of Facebook is especially shocking to students who believe that Facebook is limited to current students and recent alumni.| Company employers are not the only people interested in college students’ lives. The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor the Internet—especially Facebook—for student misconduct. For example, a college in Boston’s Back Bay expelled (除名) its Student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant. In addition, fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appeared on Facebook.Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potentialpitfalls (陷阱) of online identities, many regular users still fail to take three basic security precautions. First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second, regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled (不满的) former colleague. Third, never post offensive material under your name or on your page as, despite the best precautions, this material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e-community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.59. The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A. explain the growth of the digital world through from the aspect of privacyB. discuss the risks of the digital world and suggest ways to protect yourselfC. propose steps Facebook, MySpace, and Google can take to protect user privacyD. illustrate potential unintended uses of private information60. The author implies that users should take all of the following actions to protect theironline privacy EXCEPT________.A. know to whom you make your online information availableB. avoid uploading information that would be damaging if it were discoveredC. carefully select and limit who can view your electronic profileD. speak with employers to inform them of any misinformation published about you61. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the last paragraph and theother paragraphs?A. It offers detailed examples to support previous points of view.B. It summarizes the points of view in the previous paragraphs.C. It provides suggestions to solve the previously mentioned problems.D. It offers evidence to make the previous points of view clearer.62. According to the passage, which of following does the writer imply?A. Information obtained unwillingly from the Internet is permissible in court.B. It is impossible to protect yourself from unintended uses of information online.C. Even if you restrict who can view your data, the government may still access it.D. Done properly, posting offensive information about oneself causes no risk.(C)Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions , professional innovators see as solid possibilities. "Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there' s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done, " wrote Rudolph Flexh, a language authority, this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient : "How come nobody thought of that before?"The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.63.What does the author probably mean by "untaught mind" in the first paragraph?A. An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.B. A person who has had no education.C.A citizen of a society that retires personal creativity.D.A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.64.According to the author , what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?A. The way they present their findings.B. The way they deal with problems.C. The intelligence they process.D. The variety of ideas they have.65. The phrase "march to a different drummer" (the last line of the passage) suggests thathighly creative individuals are__.A.unwilling to follow common ways of doing thingsB.diligent in pursuing their goalsC.concerned about the advance of societyD.devoted to the progress of science66.The most suitable title for this passage might be______.A.The Relation Between Creation and DiligenceB. To be a Creative Expert in the Study of Human CreativityC.What Are So Special about Creative IndividualsD.Discoveries and Innovation(D)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.US Signs Global Tobacco TreatyThe United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the United Nations. ____________(68)The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly，including the United States，last year. _______(69) For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack. __________(70) It also requires bans ontobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States, where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban.__________(71) The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses; about one-third of all cancers in the US are caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO estimates, by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year.A. Tobacco stocks also perked up as investors discounted fears of litigation（诉讼）from the US.B. So far，109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it.C. The impact of the treaty could be huge.D. Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies.E. The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places, and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs.F. The Senate must still approve the treaty before the US can implement its provisions.TranslationDirections: Translation the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.成功带给你的不单单是喜悦，更重要的是经验。
黄浦区2017度高三第一学期期终调研测试英语试题教学内容
黄浦区2017学年度高三第一学期期终调研测试英语试题黄浦区2017学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间： 120分钟满分： 140分）2017年12月15日上午第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Before dinner. B. During the meal.C. After dinner.D. Tomorrow evening.2. A. In a hotel. B. At a bus station.C. In a cinema.D. At an airport.3. A. Salesman and customer. B. Boss and secretary.C. Doctor and patient.D. Doctor and nurse.4. A. 4. B.5. C.6.D. 7.5. A. The lecture. B. The heat.C. The workload.D. The air quality.6. A. Confident. B. Nervous. C. Uninterested.D. Annoyed.7. A. Visit the company. B. Re-write his resumé.C. Get a job on campus.D. Apply for a job with PICC.8. A. He is fearless. B. He is forgetful.C. He is helpful.D. He is thoughtful.9. A. Talking about sports. B. Writing up local news.C. Reading newspapers.D. Putting up advertisements.10. A. She expects to see him soon. B. She agrees with the man.C. She doesn’t believe he can do it.D. She will work for the library.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. After each conversation or passage, you will be asked several questions. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following conversation.11. A. The scientific steps to write a paper. B. A funny story that they read recently.C. An assignment of a creative writing course.D. A detective case that was just finished.12. A. She encountered a bottleneck when writing a story.B. She was happy that she finished the story easily.C. She was expected to finish the story in a month.D. She decided to give up the story eventually.13. A. Change to another topic. B. Give the story an ending first.C. Do work for another course.D. Write everything occurring to her.14. A. Buy jewels for her mother. B. Locate the security camera.C. Do some research for her writing.D. Rob a jewelry store for ideas.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage.15. A. They don’t attach importance to scores. B. They attract fewer and fewer students.C. They will take place next week.D. They will no longer exist.16. A. To inspire young people to practice more.B. To encourage young people to be creative.C. To motivate young people to keep learning.D. To urge young people to start up companies.17. A. To bring more economic benefits. B. To help students memorize better.C. To change the present education system.D. To develop teachers’ multi-skills.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.18. A. More communication with others. B. Construction of the life journey.C. Revealing of determination.D. Loss of the social identity.19. A. Depression and isolation. B. Walking around the corner.C. Lack of sleep.D. Getting impatient.20. A. Making it possible to get a pay rise.B. Providing people with new business.C. Giving people time to think about their life again.D. Helping people to find jobs based on their hobbies.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelers to TravelAfter 15 people died during Easter in 1967, the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign ‘Welcome to the mountains, but be responsible’. Fjellvettreglene, the ‘mountain code’ (21) ______ encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature, has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture. It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment (22) ______ (assist) yourself and others, seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally, Norway (23) ______ (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade. From just 1,000 tourists in the whole of 2010, Trolltunga, a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain, (24) ______ (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone. Why? Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook. A lot don’t care about the experience of the hike. They just want proof (25) ______ they did it. But, while good for the economy, this tourism boom has become a threat (26) ______ Norway’s natural environment.Used toilet paper, (27) ______ (abandon) tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike, Norway’s leading hiking group, Friluftsliv, also has called for regulations on the number of tourists (28) ______ (hike) to Trolltunga. Lasse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said, “On a busy day, you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half j ust to get a picture. To control this, we’d like to regulate (29) ______ _____ people can hike in a day. Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don’t start too late and find (30) ______ stuck up here.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Wor ld’s Best RestaurantThe Black Swan, a rural pub in England has been named “the world’s best restaurant” by TripAdvisor. After scoring up positive feedback, the review website 31 the pub over fine dining establishments from New York to Paris in its 32 Travelers' Choice awards.So what’s it got going for it?Firstly, this isn’t some backwater pub enjoying in insignificance. Tommy Banks, a(n) 33 young cook, is already a TV regular in the UK and has had a Michelin star to his name since becoming the youngest receiver ever in 2013 at the age of 24. Secondly, it's not really a pub anymore. Like many rural UK pubs, the Black Swan had been in 34 for many years before 2006, when Banks' family took over. After their attempts to run it as a pub struggled, they decided to make it a dining 35 .It now operates as both restaurant and fashionable 36 , offering food-and-stay packages that help draw customers to its truly 37 location. It's usually booked up well in advance withIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Could Buying Paintings Make You Rich?Is investing in paintings a good way to get rich fast? And how should you invest in art?“With extreme 41 ” is the advice of Patrick Connolly, a financial adviser. “We don’t 42 our customers to invest in art because the downsides are greater than the upsides. It doesn't produce income or earnings. What you 43 is exclusively based on supply and demand, and there are big movements upwards or downwards if there are changes in the economic environment,” he said.To invest in art as a true investment, you need a starting fund of at least $5,000. But it’s not just about having enough 44 to buy the painting in the first place. Expensive works of art are often stored in protective boxes complete with detectors to monitor humidity and temperature levels, and to protect them from sun damage or other 45 such as a spilled cup of coffee. And if you do put it on your wall, then your insurance costs are likely to be high. If word gets out that you have expensive art hanging on your wall, then you're likely to be a 46 for thieves.Art is also not a regulated investment so when things go wrong – for example, an artwork turns out to be a fraud（赝品）– then investors cannot fall back on 47 for any repayment.Of course given the current environment of low interest rates, that's still a(n) 48 return than many savings accounts will give you. As art has no association to the stock market, it means paintings can 49 in value even when the market crashes, making it a good option for investment 50 .It is reported that after a decrease in the global art market throughout 2016, auction（拍卖）sales 51 in the first six months of 2017. Yet you don't necessarily have to be super-wealthy to invest in art. There are a growing number of art fairs and online marketplaces aimed at buyers with a more 52 budget. Most art industry experts suggest that you buy a piece of art because you like it, not because you want to get rich. The most 53 approach is probably to buy something you like and can 54 and, be prepared to keep it just for your own pleasure. If it goes up in value that should be just a(n) 55 benefit.41. A. accuracy B. carefulness C. enthusiasmD. generosity42. A. beg B. control C. forbidD. recommend43. A. get back B. look into C. take outD. turn to44. A. desire B. energy C. moneyD. time45. A. accidents B. appliances C. measuresD. drinks46. A. partner B. spectator C. targetD. therapy47. A. initiative B. regulation C. strategyD. tradition48. A. better B. earlier C. healthierD. lower49. A. fall apart B. fall down C. go aheadD. go up50. A. funds B. levels C. selectionsD. rates51. A. ceased B. proceeded C. recoveredD. shrank52. A. fixed B. limited C. massiveD. modest53. A. creative B. direct C. flexibleD. sensible54. A. afford B. preserve C. transferD. undertake55. A. added B. maximum C. obviousD. socialSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Post-00s is a documentary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of millennials’experiences on their path toward adolescence – their struggles with schoolwork, their relationship with peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents. But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was filmed over a period of 10 years, during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers. In other words, the show’s “characters” grow older for real, and their stories are all real.“Coming-of-age” stories, as they’re known, have a special appeal. They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance, we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality. After all, there’s no re-writing of the script（剧本）and there’s no turning back – this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood, a 2014 film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. During a period of 12 years, the filmfollows the life of Mason Jr – played by US actor Ellar Coltrane – from when he was 6 to when he finished high school.One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its “ordinariness”. Mason Jr isn’t some child genius... He is a quietly spoken, fairly typical American boy, growing up in the Texas suburbs. He likes riding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside, they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary – the power of life itself.56. In the documentary, we see post-00’s growing experience EXCEPT __________.A. how they deal with their studiesB. how they help look after brothers or sistersC. how they get along with people of their ageD. how much they long to be independent of their parents57. What do Post-00 and Boyhood have in common?A. They’re intended to win an award for best director.B. The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C. They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’ growth.D. The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.58. Audience are interested in “coming-of-age” stories because __________.A. they can see the truth of lifeB. they know the characters wellC. they are much fond of gossipD. they appreciate stories of daily life59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Post-00s are different geniusesB. Actors are ordinary charactersC. Documentary is real lifeD. Life is one big story( B )B BC SHOPEntertaining. Informing. Inspiring.WHAT A RELIEF!Delight everyone on your holiday gift list with great gifts from the BBC.You’ll earn heartfelt thanks from nature lovers for Planet Earth I & II: The Complete Collection (page 41) –inspiring look at our planet’s wildest, most myster ious creatures and their breathtaking home.…from mystery lovers for Sherlock: Complete Seasons 1-4 and The Abominable Bride Giftset (page 13)– entertaining proof that Holmes can be difficult, dangerous, accurate, and absolute funny.…and from those who a ppreciate all things British. Delight Charles Dickens fans with Dickensian (page 7).The new drama series with more adventures for Dickens’ characters…Dinner with Dickens Cookbook (page 9) with procedures for his favorite dishes…and Tom Baker Reads “A Christmas poem” (page 8) for a wonderful new holiday tradition.Plus teapots, T-shirts, shortbread, mugs and more – just in time for the holidays.Enjoy!THE MOMENTWelcome to murder, suspense, romance, robbery and clothing in this exciting historical drama! Trouble begins for Rachel Verinder the day she inherits a large diamond stolen from a Hindu temple. When it disappears again, suspicion falls on Franklin Blake, the man who loves her. But what about mysterious cousin Godfrey, the housemaid with a thieving past, and doctor who experiments with opium（鸦片）? Blake must discover the fate of the Moonstone or lose Rachel forever. A powerful tale and emotionally sudden changes, based on the first-ever English detective novel by Wikie Collins. 3¾ hours.DVD 21024 $34.99 YOUR PRICE: ￥27.98WALKERS CHRISTMAS TREE SHORTBREAD AND TINSSanta and a beautiful Angel put the finishing touches on Christmas tree tins – perfect centerpieces and holiday decorations that your family and friends will enjoy year after year. Lift the treetops and taste the delicious secret inside: pure butter shortbread shaped like mini-Christmas trees, and made from only finest ingredients – flour, butter, sugar and salt.Baked in the village of Aberlour in the Scottish Highlands, they follow a generations-old family procedure, first perfected by Joseph Walker in 1898. While the shortbread will disappear as if by magic, the tins will hold your holiday cookies and candy for manyChristmases to come.Wonderful hostess gifts. Both tins: 6〃h ×4¾〃d; net wt 4.4 oz.Angel 21042 $19.98Santa 21043 $19.9860. Tom’s wife is a home baker, so he’d better refer to Page ______ for a Christmas present for her.A. 8B. 9C. 13D. 4161. Which of the following statements is TRUE about “The Moment”?A. It is an adapted drama lasting nearly 4 hours.B. The story, rather than the actors, is attracting.C. There are three suspects for stealing the diamond.D. It is based on Wikie Collins’ most famous detective novel.62. What can be learned about the shortbread?A. It usually disappears in a magic way together with the tin.B. It follows a secret procedure perfected by Joseph Walker.C. It is wrapped in a tin with both Angel and Santa on it.D. It is traditionally family-baked in Scotland.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude tolife. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Because of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times.Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a p art in Australians’ dry, self-criticizingand sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’splentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityD. governmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. wha t contributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before – moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office — about 70% of US offices are open concept — and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research that we’re 15% less productive, we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we’re more likely to hear学习—————好资料精品资料 about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and c losed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own —it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present. That’s particularly true in high -pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.第II 卷 （共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 选举的结果很快便在全世界传播开了。
【全国百强校】上海市格致中学2017届高三下学期第三次模考英语试题(无答案)
格致二〇一六学年度第二学期模拟考试高三年级英语试卷（共10 页）(测试120分钟内完成，总分140分，试后交答题卡和答卷纸)友情提示：昨天，你既然经历了艰苦的学习，今天，你必将赢得可喜的收获！祝你：诚实守信，沉着冷静，细致踏实，自信自强，去迎接胜利！第I卷I. Listening ComprehensionD. He is not well-prepared for the exam.4. A. From a jewelry store B. From a call box.C. From a supermarket.D. From a change machine.5. A. Tony made a wise decision. B. Tony shouldn’t give up easily.C. Tony can change the class timeD. Tony can find a better reason6. A. At an airport. . B. At a police station.C. At a hotel.D. At a bank.7. A. Sunny. B. Windy.C. Foggy.D. Rainy.8. A. It has failed. B. It will soon be finished.C. It is on going.D. It was stopped halfway.9. A. Tom’s boss has a twin brother.B. Tom didn’t know where his boss was.C. The person in black shirt is Tom’s boss.D. The person in black looks like Tom’s boss.10. A. Some unregistered students are in the class.B. The professor prepared less than 38 copies.C. The students at the back were late for class.D. A few students forgot to bring their assignment.Section B。
2017上海黄浦区高三一模英语试题及答案
黄浦区2016学年度第一学期高三年级质量监控英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：150分）第I卷（共100分）I。
Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard。
1. A。
Six years ago。
B。
Seven years ago。
C。
Eight years ago. D。
Nine years ago。
2。
A。
See a film with the woman。
B。
Attend a charity show.C. Get ready for a charity show. D。
Make a new movie.3. A. She is going to be the man’s neighb or. B。
She has just moved into a new house.C. She is arranging a family trip。
D。
She arrived in Canada yesterday.4. A. How to pay the registration fee. B。
上海市格致中学黄浦校区2017-2018学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题Word版含答案.pdf
格致中学2017-2018学年高三开学考II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.An accident in a bicycle race in the United States eight years ago alerted James Chang to the importance of sports medicine. One of his riding companions (21)______ (injure) severely in the accident.From then on, Chang, 45, a Chinese-American who was born in Anhui province, began to launch business relating to physical safety and medical assistance, particularly in sport. So (22)______ he took up marathon running two years ago hewas shocked to see frequent injuries, many of them avoidable.“I always heard people talking about people in marathons in China dying suddenly,” he says, adding that one reason why many of these deaths happen is (23) ______ there is a lot of ignorance in China about what marathon running involves.Many amateur runners in China who are highly competitive get carried away and run at a pace that is far in excess of (24) ______ they can expect their body to take,and even ignore clear signals such as pain, Chang says.As Chinese have placed more emphasis on leading healthy life-styles in recent years, marathon and other long-distance running (25) ______ (become) a highly popular sport across the country quickly.More than 50 China Athletic Association-sanctioned urban marathons were held（26）______ (involve) more than 750,000 runnersin the country last year, and 39 raceswere held the year before. However, long-distance running is a serious business that （27）______ exact a heavy physical toll on runners.“Marathon carries (28) ______(high) risks of injury than other forms of sport, Hou says, adding that the key to avoiding injury is to strengthen the body through regular exercise and to be aware of one’s own physical condition.Although some chronic injuries are hard (29)______(avoid), even for highly experienced runners, cramp, fainting and shock can easily be prevented (30)______ runners better understand the sport, he says.21. was injured 22.when 23.that 24. what 25. havebecome 26.involving 27. can 28.higher 29.to avoid30.ifSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. travelsB.interactionC.presidentialD.disagreementsE.releasedF. patrioticG.scheduledH. humanity I.demonstratingJ.encounteredK.involvingWith the publication of the new memoir （a book by someone important and famous in which they write about their life and experiences），Hard Choices, former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton has kicked off a book tour that could preview a ___31___run.The tour began in the friendliest possible setting: a book-signing event at a Barnes & noble in Manhattan’s Union Square. Around 1,000 people –some had slept on the sidewalk the night before—cheered as Clinton arrived about 20 minutes behind schedule and delivered brief remarks with a(n) ___32___ tone.r anybody who The nearly 700-page book, ___33___ on June 10, was “written fowants to think about, and learn about, what is happening in the world today—why American matters, and why the world matters to America，”said the former first ladyntryand New York senator. “And we have a lot of hard choices ahead of us in our couto make it as brave and as strong as it should be. And we have a lot of hard choices to continue to lead the world and solve problems that affect us and the rest of ___34__ In the book, Clinton frames the foreign policy situations ___35__ during hertenure（the period of time when someone has an important job）as a series of hard choices, especially those ___36__the middle east, Afghanistan , Pakistan and Russia,while recounting some ___37__ within the Obama administration. She also delvesinto some personal aspects of her life, including her daughter Chelsea Clinton’s wedding, and offers glimpse of personal interactions with citizens of other countriesduring her ___38__as secretary.The book tour was ___39__ to take Clinton to Chicago, Philadelphia, Washington, Toronto and Austin. Her fast pace and intense media attention resembleda hybrid of celebrity book tour and campaign kickoff.During a(n) ___40__with some 1,000 students at a recent event at Arizona state university, for instance, she hinted that she was considering running for presidency in2016 because she was “very much concerned” about the direction that the U.S. was going.CFEHJ DKAGBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrasesmarked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.The famous American inventor Thomas Alva Edison once claimed that geniuswas one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration(汗水). Now, itseems, there is scientific evidence to __41__ his c laim. The idea that geniuses such as Shakespeare, M ozart, and Picasso possessed c ertain inborn talents is a false belief, according to a study by a British p sychologist and his colleagues.After examining outstanding performance in the arts and sports, these researchers concluded that __42__ is determined by opportunity, encouragement, training, motivation, self-confidence, and —most important of all —__43__. Even people who were not thought to be 44__ with any special talent could, after having received training, reach levels __45__ considered a ttainable (可获得的) only by gifted individuals. ‘Talent is a false belief, and it is time that people got rid of it,”they said.This theory — a dramatic __46__ with traditional beliefs — has been __47__ by academics worldwide. In fact, studies of accomplished artists and mathematicians, and top tennis players and swimmers, have reported few early signs of _48__ in these people before any parental encouragement. No case has been found of anyone reaching the highest levels of achievement without _49__ himself or herself to thousands of hours of serious training. Even those who are believed to be exceptionally talented —whether in music, mathematics, chess, or sports —have needed l engthy periods of instruction and practice to achieve their highest level of success. ‘The persistent false belief that some people reach high levels of performance without spending numerous hours practising __50__ much to the fact that their practice is usually outside the casual observer’s view,’ stated one scientist.The importance of practice has been noticed in athletics. For instance, differences in the composition of certain muscles were once thought to be __51_ predictors of athletic performance. However, the differences in the proportion of certain muscle fibers(组织) that are __52__ for success i n long-distance running are largely the result of extended practice in running.‘What makes a genius then?’ one may ask. __53__, there is no clear answer. What is known, however, is that ‘nurture’is at least as important as ‘nature.’__54__, a supportive environment will do far more for a child’s prospects of success than any inborn gifts. T his is a message that most of us will find _55__ — even if we haven’twon the gene l ottery, our fate is still in our own hands.41. A. make B. challenge C. support D. dismiss42. A. excellence B. harmony C. negotiation D. response43. A. education B. practice C. fortune D. character44. A. satisfied B. concerned C. decorated D. gifted45. A. preciously B. practically C. previouslyD. primarily46. A. break B. association C. partnership D. relief47. A. doubted B. concluded C. mentioned D. applauded48. A. accomplishment B. treasure C. diligence D. inspiration49. A. adapting B. attaching C. linking D. devoting50. A. carries B. leaves C. owes D. connects51. A. creative B. reliable C. natural D. active52. A. essential B. suitable C. possible D. feasible53. A. Unlikely B. Similarly C. Hopefully D. Unfortunately54. A. To sum up B. In other words C. For example D. In addition55. A. misleading B. puzzling C. comforting D. amusing CABDC ADADC BADBCSection BDirections:Read the following four passages.Each p assage is followed by severed questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B and C. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)。
(上海)高三英语-上海市格致中学2017届高三下学期第一次测试英语试题 Word版含答案
格致中学2016-2017学年第二学期第一次测试II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I love charity shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street. The charity shop is a British institution, selling everything from clothes to electric goods, all ___21___ very good prices. You can get things you won't find in the shops anymore. The thing I like best about them is ___22___ your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies, and you are not damaging the planet, ___23___ finding a new home for unwanted goods. The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam. The famous charity's appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful that it ___24___(flood) with donations. They decided to set up a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal. Now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the UK. My favorite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cross shop, ___25___ I always find children's books, all 10 or 20 pence each. Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers, although there is often___26___ manager who gets paid. Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public. Every morning you see bags of unwanted items outside the front of shops, although they don't encourage this, rather ask people to bring things in ___27___ the shop is open. The shops have very low running costs, and all profits ___28___(go) to charity work. Charity shops raise more than ￡110 million a year, funding medical research, overseas aid, ___29___(support) sick and poor children, homeless and disabled people, and much more. What better places___30___(spend) your money?Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The private automobile has long played an important role in the United States. In fact, it has become a necessary and important part of the American way of life. In 1986, sixty-nine percent of American families owned at least one car, and thirty-eight percent had more than one. By giving workers rapid transportation, the automobile has (31)_______ them from having to live near their place of work. This has encouraged the growth of the cities, but it has also led to traffic problems. In addition, the automobile has contributed to the (32)_________ of neighborhood ties by makingactivities far from home. For farm families the automobile is very helpful. It has relieved their (33)__________, making it possible for them to travel to town frequently for business and for pleasure, and also to (34)_________ their children to distant schools. Family life has been affected (影响) in various ways, The car helps to keep families together when it is used for picnics, outings, and other shared experiences. However, when teenage children have the use of the car, they can easily escape from family (35)___________. If they are (36)___________, they sometimes become involved in situations, which led to serious trouble. For some, young or old, having the use of automobile leads to dangerous traffic accidents, caused by carelessness or by(37)________breaking of the driving laws. In 1971, over 5,000 people were killed in(38)___________accidents in the United States, and many more were injured. This toll(伤亡人数）has been decreased to some extent by gasoline shortage and has lowered the speed limit.For many Americans the automobile is a(n) (39)__________as well as a convenience. But for some, it is also a mark of social (40)____________,an important middle-class symbol; and for young people, a sign of becoming an adult. Altogether, cars mean very much to Americans.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows mainly from ___41_____ behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the killing on the road may be regarded as a social problem.In fact, the enemies of society on __42_____ are rather harmless people-just ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a _____43____ both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one's actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the ____44____ go even beyond carelessness to total irresponsibility..Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 percent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to the ___45____ condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can distort (扭曲) drivers'reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be__46_____. The experts warn that it is ____47___for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one's emotion under control.Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined (限制) todrivers. Street walkers_____48_____break traffic rules. They are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents; and many cyclist even ____49____that they are not subject to the basic rules of road.Significant legal ___50____ have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety____51____ for vehicle have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodicroad-worthiness inspections.___52______, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these ___53_____, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting___54_____, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task. It ___55_____ constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things present a threat to those with whom they share the road.41. A. social B. emotional C. uncivil D. practical42. A. wheels B. tires C .horns D. shifts43. A. priority B. process C .principle D. presentation44. A. killers B. victims C. suspects D. survivors45. A. physical B. psychological C. original D. current46. A. impossible B. serious C. avoidable D. evident47. A. abstract B. difficult C. vital D. unusual48. A. consequently B. regularly C. accidently D. rarely49. A. accuse B. acknowledge C. object D. believe50. A. results B. arguments C. advances D. threats51. A. standards B. records C. proposals D. belts52. A .As a result B. No wonder C. On the other hand D. in addition53. A .rights B. measures C. experts D. warnings54. A. effect B. change C. solution D. achievement55. A .turns to B. aims at C. take on D. calls forSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.ATwo of the saddest words in the English language are “if only”. I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.My father is famous in our family for saying, “Take the extra minute to do it right.” I always try to live by the “extra minute” rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could d o to avoid an “if only” moment, whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding (衬垫) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.I don’t only avoid those “if only” moments when it comes to safety. It’s equally important to avoid “if only” in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say “I love you” or“I forgive you.” When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn’t be here. But then I thought about the fact that he’s 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn’t give up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.I know there will still be occasions when I have to say “if only” about something, but my life isdefinitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality. And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that I’m doing the right thing. I’m buying myself peace of mind and that’s the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being.56.Which of the following is an example of the “extra minute” rule?A. Start the car the moment everyone is seated.B. Leave the room for a minute with the iron working.C. Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better.D. Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.57. The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to ______.A. keep her appointment with the eye doctorB. meet her father who was already an old manC. join in the holiday celebration of the companyD. finish her work before the deadline approached58. The underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.A. abandonedB. lackedC. avoidedD. WastedBIt's rare that you see the words "shyness" and "leader" in the same sentence. After all, the common viewpoint is that those outgoing and sociable guys make great public speakers and excellent networkers and that those shy people are not. A survey conducted by USA Today referred to 65 percent of executives who believed shyness to be a barrier to leadership. Interestingly, the same article stresses that roughly 40 percent of leaders actually are quite shy—they're just better at adapting themselves to situational demands. Bill Gates, Warren Buffet and Charles Schwab are just a few "innies".Unlike their outgoing counterparts who are more sensitive to rewards and risk-taking, shy people take a cautious approach to chance. Rather than the flashy chit-chat that defines social gathering, shy people listen attentively to what others say and absorb it before they speak. They're not thinking about what to say while the other person is still talking, but rather listening so they can learn what to say. Along the same lines, shy people share a common love of learning. They are intrinsically（内在地）motivated and therefore seek content regardless of achieving an outside standard.Being shy can also bring other benefits. Remember being in school and hearing the same kids contribute, until shy little Johnny, who almost never said a word, cut in? Then what happened? Everyone turned around to look with great respect at little Johnny actually talking. This is how shy people made good use of their power of presence：they "own" the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully, which translate to a positive image.Shyness is often related to modesty. Not to say that limelight-seekers aren't modest, but shy people tend to have an accurate sense of their abilities and achievements. As a result, they are able to acknowledge mistakes, imperfections, knowledge gaps and limitations.Since shy people have a lower sensitivity to outside rewards than outgoing ones, they're more comfortable working with little information and sticking to their inner desires. Shy people are also more likely to insist on finding solutions that aren't primarily apparent. Don't believe me? Maybeyou'll believe Albert Einstein, who once said, "It's not that I'm so smart, it's that I stay with problems longer." Obviously, finding certainty where uncertainty is typically popular is a huge plus for any successful person.The myth that shy people are less effective leaders than their outgoing fellows is just a misunderstanding. Make wise use of your personality strengths to lead your business no matter what side of the range you fall on.59. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ___________.A. shy people are sensitive to rewardsB. shy people care more about contentC. outgoing people are more careful about chancesD. outgoing people consider what to learn while listening60. The example of Johnny shows ____________.A. shy people are likely to be modestB. hardworking students speak little in publicC. some students keep silent on purpose at schoolD. shy people may have an advantage in discussion61. We can learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 that ____________.A. success results from devotionB. shyness contributes to popularityC. outside reward leads to insistenceD. uncertainty counts more than certainty62. The author supports his ideas mainly by ____________.A. giving definitions and presenting research resultsB. explaining problems and providing solutionsC. quoting authorities and making evaluationsD. making contrasts and gibing examplesCTelevision is a relatively stable advertising medium. In many ways, the television ads today are almost the same to those two decades ago. Most television ads still feature actors, still run 30 or 60 seconds, and still show a product. However, the different medium of the Internet causes unique challenges to advertisers, forcing them to adapt their practices and techniques.In the early days of Internet marketing, online advertisers used banner (框式广告) and pop-up ads (弹出式广告) to attract customers. These techniques reached large audiences, led to many sales leads, and came at a low cost. However, a small number of Internet users began to consider these advertising techniques annoying. Yet because marketing strategies relying heavily on banners and pop-ups produced results, companies invested growing amounts of money into purchasing these ad types. As consumers became more complicated, frustration with these online advertising techniques grew. Independent programmers began to develop tools that blocked banner and pop-up ads.A major development in online marketing came with the introduction of pay-per-click ads.Unlike banner or pop-up ads, which originally required companies to pay every time a website visitor saw an ad, pay-per-click ads allowed companies to pay only when an interested potential customer clicked on an ad. More importantly, however, these ads are not affected by the pop-up and banner blockers. As a result of these advantages and the incredible growth in the use of search engines, which provide excellent places for pay-per-click advertising, a great number of companies began turning to pay-per-click marketing. However, as with the banner and pop-up ads, pay-per-click ads came with their shortcomings. When companies began pouring billions of dollars into this emerging medium, online advertising specialists started to notice the presence of what would later be called click fraud (欺诈): representatives of a company with no interest in the product advert ised by a competitor click on the competitor’s ads simply to increase the marketing cost of the competitor. Click fraud grew so rapidly that marketers sought to diversify (摆脱) their online positions away from pay-per-click marketing through new mediums.Although pay-per-click advertising remains a common and effective advertising tool, marketers adapted yet again to the changing elements of the Internet by adopting new techniques such as pay-per-performance advertising. As the pace of the Internet’s evoluti on increases, it seems all the more likely that advertising successfully on the Internet will require a strategy that avoids constancy (持续性) and welcomes change.63. What is the main idea of the passage?A．The pace of the Internet’s evolution is increasing and will only increase in the future. B．Internet advertising fails to reach Internet users, causing ads to be blocked.C．The Internet has experienced dramatic changes in short periods of time.D．Rapid development of the Internet calls for new advertising strategies and mediums.64. As an advertising medium, the television and the Internet mainly differ in ________.A．the type of individual each medium reachesB．whether the medium is interactiveC．the pace at which the medium developsD．the cost of advertising with each medium65. According to the passage, which of the following is a typical click fraud?A．Using software to block competitors’ advertisements.B．Clicking on the pay-per-click ads of competitors.C．Clicking on the banner advertisements of opponent companies.D．Using search engine to attack the pages of competitors.66. What does the author imply about the future of pay-per-performance advertising?A．It will eventually become less popular just like other forms of Internet advertising.B．It will not face shortcomings due to its differing approach to online marketing.C．Internet users will develop free software to block its effectiveness.D．Although it improves on pay-per-click advertising, it still suffers from click fraud.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Modern computer technology has made a new kind of human relationship possible: online friendship.67.__________ Are online friendships as beneficial as face-to-face friendships? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having virtual friends? Can people form strong bonds online? Today these questions are the subject of lively debate.Some people believe that the Internet is the best way to make new friends. It’s convenient, it’s fast, and it allows making contact with different kind s of people from all over the world. When you use social networking websites and chat rooms, you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours. Information updates and photos add to the experience. Making friends on the Internet is esp ecially good for shy people who feel uncomfortable in social situations. It’s often easier to share thoughts and feelings online. 68.__________ They can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems.Although the Internet can encourage friendship, it has a major disadvantage. 69._________ Online friends only tell you what they want you to know. They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hide the less positive ones, so you can’t be sure of what they really like. That is why you should n ot give personal information to anyone online unless you’re totally sure of who that person is.Can online friendship be as meaningful as face-to-face ones? There are different points of view. Researchers at the University of Southern California surveyed 2,000 households in the United States. The results showed that more than 40 percent of participants feel “as strongly about their online buddies” as they do about their “offline” friends.70___________ In contrast, there are many people who believe that it’s not possible to have deep relationships with online friends. A young Indian software engineer, Lalitha Lakshmipathy，says，“it’s good to feel connected with many people, but all my e-buddies are not necessarily my close friends.”Many people would agree. T hey say that it’s hard to develop feelings of trust and connection when you don’t share experiences in person.People continue to express different opinions about online friendship. However, most of them would agree that virtual friendships must not replace face-to-face friendships. As one life coach says, “a social networking site should only be the ‘add on’ in any relationship.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“There is a senseless concept that children grow up and leave home when they are 18, and the truth is far from that,” says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parentsAnalysts raised a variety of reasons for this return to the nest One important reason is that the marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people, which is second to skyrocketing housing costs to which young people find their wings attached Besides, a high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has bee so great that many students now attend local schoolsLiving at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support Her mother agreed, “It is ridicul ous for the kids to pay all that money for rent It makes sense for kids to stay at home” But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all There are the quarrels over bathrooms, telephones and privacy Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act But for others, it proves too difficult Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times —and left three times “What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,” she explains “He never liked anyone I dated, so I either ha d to hide away to meet them at friends? houses”It is really hard to say how long adult children should live with their parents before moving on Nevertheless, it is commonly recognized that lengthy homecomings are a mistake and they accidentally destroy the advantage of brief visits that will strengthen the relationship between parents and children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with “a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure” And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financia l and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities, which is definitely a stress for them.V. TranslationDirections: translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 由于飞机晚点，我没能参加由那个成功商人资助的慈善音乐会。
2017届高三上学期英语开学考试试卷真题
2017届高三上学期英语开学考试试卷一、阅读理解1. 阅读理解Finding time to read is an important part of developing reading and writing skills for all kids. And there are many easy and convenient ways to make reading a part of each day —even when it’s tough to find time to sit down with a book.Car trips, waits in checkout lines and the doctor’s office are all opportunities for reading. Keep books or magazines in your car, or backpack to pull out whenever you’re going to be in one place for a while. Even if you can’t finish a boo k, read a few pages or discuss some of the pictures.Encourage kids to bring favorite books and magazines along wherever you go. While it’s attractive to provide electronic games and readers, be sure to alternate electronic media with plenty of opportunities to read traditional print books.Reading opportunities are everywhere you go. While riding in the car, for example, encourage kids to spot words and letters , turning it into a game .Even daily tasks like cooking can provide reading moments. Kids can assist you as you cook by telling you how much flour to measure. Give your child a catalogue to read while you sort through the mail. Ask relatives to send your child letters, e-mail, or text messages, and read them together. Help yourchild create letters or messages to send back to the relatives. These types of activities help kids see the purpose of reading and of print.Even when you’re trying to get things done, you can encourage reading. While cleaning, for instance, you might ask your child to read a favorite book to you while you work.Make sure kids get some time to spend quietly with books, even if it means cutting back on other activities, like watching TV or playing video games.Most important, be a reader yourself. Kids who see their parents reading are likely to imitate them and become readers, too!（1）What do we know about kids in Paragraph 3?A . They are suggested taking reading materials only.B . They can’t resist the desire of playing games.C . Reading and playing games can be done by turns.D . They are forbidden to play electronic games.（2）How does the author advise kids to keep in touch with relatives?A . Make written communication.B . Make a dialogue with each other.C . Learn skills from them.D . Read a catalogue together.（3）What can we learn from the last paragraph?A . The longest journey begins with the first step.B . God helps those who help themselves.C . Detail is the key to success.D . A fine example has boundless power.（4）What may be the best title for the text?A . Reading approachesB . Finding reading momentsC . Encouraging kidsto readD . What reading means to kids2. 阅读理解Walt had a strong commercial sense of what would appeal to the public.Disneyland，Walt Disney World，and finally the other Disney theme parks around the world all came about because Walt Disney insisted that he could build an amusement park that was so much bigger and better than other amusement parks that it shouldn’t even be called an amusement park.In 1940，he disclosed a plan to show Disney characters in their fantasy surroundings at a park across the street from the Disney studio in Burbank.The idea of an amusement park grew in Walt’s mind as he traveled through the US and Europe and visited attractions of all kinds.Walt was sure that an amusement park would be successful in the United States if it offered a “good show” that families could enjoy together，was clean，and had friendly employees.In 1948，he shared his concept with trusted friends，a modest amusement park with a central village including a town hall，a small park，railroad station，movie theater，and small stores.Outlying areas would include a carnival area and a western village.Soon he added spaceship and submarine rides，a steamboat，and exhibit halls.Four years later，he decided on “Disneyland” for the name and formed a company to develop the park，Disneyland，Inc.In 1953，he got Stanford Research Institute to examine the economic future of Disneyland and to find the perfect location.They broke ground in July,1954，and one year later，Disneyland opened.Within 7 weeks，a million visitors had visited Disneyland，making it one of the biggest tourist attractions in the US.Walt combined his talent and his sense of what the public would want with lots of hard work.In 1960，with a mixture of huge successes and failures，Disney had created something that was successful beyond Walt’s own dreams.（1）What did Walt Disney want to show in his plan?A . His commercial sense.B . Disney studio.C . Disney characters.D . Fantasy surroundings.（2）What would a succe ssful amusement park be like in Walt’s opinion?A . Its service was free.B . It could show fantastic programs.C . It included attractions of all kinds.D . It could make families satisfied.（3）Which of the following is the correct order about Disneyland?a．It opened.b．The perfect location was found.c．They broke ground.d．It proved to be a great success.e．Its name was decided.f．Walt shared its outline with his friends.A . f，e，b，c，a，dB . e，b，c，a，d，fC . f，e，c，b，a，dD . a，e，b，c，f，d3. 阅读理解You use her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot（虚拟聊天机器人）.Xiaoice, Microsoft’s latest artificial intelligence robot, was briefly released in 2014, and returned to WeChat in 2015, where she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily, The New York Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations with Xiaoice.“Her incredible learning ability was w hy people loved to talk with Xiaoice,” Liu Jinchang, a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology, told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis（表情符号）in conversations, Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily reported.Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top tech companies, they are becoming smarter and more common. For instance, IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australia’s Deakin University, answering students’ questions about course schedules and financial aid. Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users.These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, The New York Times pointed out. However, it may take decades before scientists develop a “Samantha”, the advancedchatbot seen in the fiction film Her. In the film, Samantha has a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many viewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mates.（1）What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?A . She became a best seller.B . She became very powerful.C . She became a money maker.D . She became very popular.（2）Which of the following can Xiaoice do?A . Do housework.B . Spread messages.C . Identify various photos.D . Read news to its users.（3）Which company’s chatbot program can act as an academic consultant?A . Microsoft.B . IBM.C . Apple.D . Amazon.（4）What can be learned from the last paragraph?A . Chatbots will be applied to cars soon.B . Chatbots mainly run on smartphones now.C . Samantha is played by a US actor in the film.D . The film Her doesn’t interest many audience.4. 阅读理解Sunscreens can offer protection from two types of ultraviolet rays : UVB, which according to the Skin Cancer Foundation, are the chief cause of sunburn and play a key role in the development of skin cancer, and UVA, which get through the skin more deeply and are largely responsible for skin aging and wrinkling, as well as skin cancer risk. The SPF measurement on sunscreens refers to the UVB protection level —and the number may notmean what you think it does. SPF 15 doesn’t protect you from 15% of UVB rays, just as SPF 100 doesn’t protect you from 100% of the rays. In fact, as you get into the higher numbered SPF sunscreens , the difference in UVB protection is actually pretty small.Theoretically, though the increase in UVB protection with a super-high SPF sunscreen may be not worth considering, it may help, and certainly can’t hurt, to use it — that is, as l ong as you do so correctly. “The only downside is whether you’re giving yourself a sense of false security,” Dr. Gohara says.Indeed, as Dr. Wang also pointed out, when people choose increased SPFs, they may actually feel so protected by the product that they finally ignore proper sun protection. “When people use really high SPF products, they tend not to reuse, they tend to stay out in the sun much longer, and they don’t use other protective measures such as clothing and hats,” he says. Regardless of any increase in protection that a high SPF may or may not offer, one thing is certain: It doesn’t give your body a free pass from sunburns, aging, or cancers, and it doesn’t protect you from those things for any greater length of time than the lower SPF options. Both Dr. Wang and Dr. Gohara emphasized that, no matter what the SPF is, it’s important to reapply your sunscreen every two hours.（1）What rays can cause skin cancer according to the text?A . UVB . UVAC . UVBD . UVA&UVB（2）What can we know about SPF from Paragraph 1?A . It tells us the UVB protection level.B . It’s better to use highernumbered SPF.C . SPA100 means preventing 100% rays.D . There’s a big difference between SPF 50 and above.（3）Which of the following can replace the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 2?A . protectionB . disadvantageC . resultD . method（4）Why are we advised to reapply our sunscreen every two hours?A . We choose too low SPF products.B . The higher SPF can make us stay outside longer.C . Clothing and hats are not enough for sun protection.D . It can’t completely protect us from aging, sunburns or cancers.二、完形填空5. 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
上海市黄浦区2016-2017学年度高三年级第一学期质量监控英语试题
黄浦区2016学年度第一学期高三年级质量监控英语试卷（完卷时间： 120分钟满分： 150分）2016年12月9日上午第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Six years ago. B. Seven years ago.C. Eight years ago.D. Nine years ago.2. A. See a film with the woman. B. Attend a charity show.C. Get ready for a charity show.D. Make a new movie.3. A. She is going to be the man’s neighbor. B. She has just moved into a new house.C. She is arranging a family trip.D. She arrived in Canada yesterday.4. A. How to pay the registration fee. B. Why to use a credit card.C. When to send a cheque.D. Where to pay cash.5. A. Film stars. B. Radio hosts.C. Pop singers.D. Composers.6. A. He drove her to the airport. B. He followed her to the airport.C. He bought her a map of the airport.D. He lined out the route to the airport on a map.7. A. The man should apply for a bank loan.B. The man should work in a bank to get money.C. The man should turn to someone available for help.D. The man should take other students’ approaches.8. A. Both the tennis courts and the table tennis tables are free.B. Neither of the tennis courts and table tennis tables are free.C. The table tennis tables are free, but the tennis courts are not.D. The tennis courts are free, but the table tennis tables are not.9. A. In a factory. B. In a school.C. In a gym.D. In a lab.. B. A paint shop.10. A. A stationer’ｓC. A bookstore.D. A drawing class.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and two longer conversations. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversations will be read twice, butthe questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To arouse people’s interest in pop music. B. To provide more information about the music.C. To have it lined with the main building.D. To display a separate and different section.12. A. It once experienced serious damage. B. Its rebuilding was an easy job.C. It is owned by a rich family.D. It opens for 362 days every year.13. A. Museum visitors. B. Government workers.C. Music authors.D. Individual donators.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following conversation.14. A. 4:00 p.m. in the classroom. B. 7:00 p.m. in the classroom.C. 4:00 p.m. in the garden.D. 7:00 p.m. in the garden.15. A. He has classes at that time. B. He is travelling abroad.C. He doesn’t like barbeque.D. He hasn’t prepared a gift.16. A. A watch. B. A card. C. A ball. D. A headphone.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The tickets have to be booked in advance. B. It will be performed at 6 p.m.C. There will be two performances.D. It will be on at the theatre.18. A. The Piazza. B. The Concert Hall.C. The theatre.D. The Town Hall.19. A. $8. B. $10. C. $15. D. $20.20. A. Art Exhibition. B. Ballet Performance. C. Mask Party. D. Living Theatre.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Infant Day Care, Good or Bad?The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitives personality and lead to emotional problems in “attachment” period from birth to three may influence a child’later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work (21) _________ children should not be sent to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation (22) _________ involves, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments (23) _________ such a strong conclusion.Firstly, experts point out that the isolated love affair between children and parents (24) _________ (find)in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not raise their infant alone – far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today (25) _________ parents and care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and they have regularly reported that day care had a slightly positive effect on children’s development. But tests (26) ________ have been used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the useof statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult (27) _________ (deal) with. Children under three are likely to protest at (28) _________ (leave) their parentsand show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the change to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly (29) _________ more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence (30) _________ (indicate) earlycare is reasonable for infants.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. administeredB. assessC. evaluatingD. externallyE. improperlyF. life-threateningG. measuresH. originalI. preexistingJ. principlesK. vitalFirst Aid: Difference between Death and LifeFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain ___31___ signs including pulse, temperature, and breathing.First aid must be ___32___ as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.First-aid ___33___ depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. For example, ___34___ moving a person with a neck injury can lead to permanent health problems.Despite the variety of injuries possible, several ___35___ of first aid apply to all emergencies. The firststep is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, ___36___ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and ___37___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether ___38___ conditions exist. One method for ___39___ a victim’s condition is known by the acronym ABC, which stands for:A – Airway: is it open and clear?B – Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.C – Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding ___40___? Check skin color and temperature foradditional indications of circulation problems.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Animal RightsEvery conscious being has interests that should be respected. No being who is conscious of being alive should be devalued to thinghood, dominated, and used as a resource or ___41___. The key point of the idea known as animal rights is a movement to extend moral consideration to all ___42___ beings. Nobody should have to demonstrate a specific level of intelligence or be judged beautiful to be given moral consideration. Noin order to be extended moral being should have to be useful to humanity or capable of accepting “duties” consideration. ___43___, what other animals need from us is being free from duties to us.Animal rights is about letting animals live on their own terms. It can be written into our laws, but is notan actual list or bill of rights as we have for human society. It begins with our promises not to act like ___44___ of others. Animal rights is about justice ─ treating animals fairly.Why is animal rights ___45 ___? It is because we humans often act as though we are the only beings on the planet. Although we depend on other animals for our very survival, humans are the only animals that have upset the balance of nature. There are lots of ways that humans ___46___ animals. We domesticate them and use them for food, even though our nutritional needs can be completely supplied by a(n) ___47___ diet. Although other materials are available, we use animal’s skin and other body parts for clothing, furs, hats, boots, jewellery and even pet toys. Humans can talk about it but animals cannot. All animals wish to experience lifein its fullness. Unlike many animals who have to kill to survive, humans do not. Why should humans cause___48___ to other beings when it’s not necessary?As we do, animals protect their children; they feel fear; they warn each other of dangers; they play. We might differ from other animals in some ways, but that doesn’t give us the right to ___49___ them down, take their lands, pollute their waters, or use them for our conveniences. Animals also experience pain and it’s not difficult to observe ___50___ of pain in the way a conscious being reacts to it. We take advantage, cause distress, and act ___51___ when we use animals for amusement. Lots of pets are ___52___ on the streets when their owners no longer find it convenient or affordable to keep or care for them.Whether we admit it or not, it’s a prejudice to think we are ___53___ to animals and that it is our right to control them, which can only make people act mean, hateful or neglectful. However, each of us has within usthe power to ___54___. We can adopt a different attitude, one that reshape our destiny. This will have wonderful effects on the planet’s other communities, for life is ___55___ avoiding suffering. It is interacting, singing, pursuing joy. We humans can learn to live responsibly, with respect, kindness and love.41. A. companies B. goods C. insects D. providers42. A. active B. conscious C. intelligent D. strange43. A. Indeed B. Moreover C. Nevertheless D. Otherwise44. A. followers B. friends C. masters D. tutors45. A. necessary B. neglected C. respected D. revolutionary46. A. distinguish B. eliminate C. exploit D. raise47. A. animal-free B. eco-friendly C. low-salt D. well-balanced48. A. conflict B. confusion C. isolation D. misery49. A. calm B. chase C. pull D. tear50. A. signs B. symbols C. symptoms D. performances51. A. differently B. enthusiastically C. gently D. unfairly52. A. abandoned B. chosen C. oppressed D. spoiled53. A. accessible B. appealing C. reasonable D. superior54. A. change B. dominate C. persist D. proceed55. A. contrary to B. more than C. owing to D. rather thanSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)①Did English football finally find a new star? At the age of 19, Theo Walcott came onto the scene byscoring a hat-trick for England in a 4-1 victory over Croatia in 2010 World Cup.②Walcott’s lightning speed and accurate shooting turned the teenager into an overnight star. Many thought he was a new dawn for the England team. He was building his fame for his fast pace, with formergun to stop him.” FIFA World Player of the Year Barcelona manager Pep declaring that “you would need aangerous players I have ever played winner Lionel Messi once also described Walcott as “one of the most dagainst.” In addition to his speed, Walcott also possessed good balance, movement and technique.③It was symbolic that Walcott’s goals came from the right-wing. The position had been played byDavid Beckham for more than 10 years. No longer were the cheers for Beckham. The fans’“golden boy” hopes now rested on the shoulders of Walcott.④Walcott was born in London to a black British Jamaican father and a white English mother. He grew upas a Liverpool fan due to his father’s support of Liverpool. When Chelsea asked him to be a ball boy, he usedthe opportunity to meet his Liverpool idols.⑤The teenager’s rise to fame was not completely out of blue. He was part of England’s World Cup teamin 2006, but he did not get to play a match. He also spent over two years at Arsenal, where he was fast becoming a key player.⑥But that year, few were expecting the wonderful performance between England and Croatia. The teenager was the first England player to score three goals in a game since Michael Owen did so seven years before.⑦Although England was full of superstars, they had a poor record in major tournaments. But things were beginning to change. The win against Croatia was sweet revenge. Croatia was the team which knocked England out of Euro 2008.⑧Walcott’s wonderful performance lighted England fans’ hope for World Cup victory in South Africa in 2010, since England had not lifted the cup since 1966.⑨But before England fans got too carried away, our reflection on the past history told us that placing a country’s hopes on one teenager was dangerous.56. Which of the following CANNOT account for Walcott’s increasing fame?A. Fast speed.B. Masterly skills.C. Positional sense.D. Unusual family.57. Why did the author mention David Beckham in the 3rd paragraph?A. To show that England football once had a glorious history.B. To illustrate that Walcott could be entitled “golden boy”．C. To indicate that England fans were difficult to please.D. To imply that people had high expectation on Walcott.58. In the 5th paragraph, the underlined phrase “out of blue” most probably means “________”.A. impoliteB. unexpectedC. impossibleD. unintentional59. What is the author most likely to agree with?A. Walcott might not live up to fans’ expectation.B. Walcott might transfer from Arsenal to Liverpool.C. Croatia might change the history of the World Cup.D. England might be defeated by the opponent in the next round.(B)?OverviewExplore Stewart Island and the surrounding bays in our modern mini-buses. Our guides enjoy sharing their local knowledge of the history and environment of Stewart Island. Highlights include Lee Bay, the gateway to Rakiura National Park, beautiful Horseshoe Bay and amazing views of Paterson Inlet from Observation Rock.Village & Bays TourLeaving from Stewart IslandSeason: All Year Duration: 1 hour 30 mins Prize: $45 (Adult)More informationDeparture location: Oban Visitor Centre.What to bring: Comfortable walking shoes or boots, waterproof jacket, warm sweater or fleece jacket, sunscreen or sunglasses, insect repellent and camera.Car parking: Vehicle parking is available at Oban (extra cost—reservations recommended).Wheelchair access: Available.Children ticket: Children under ten go free for travel as long as they are accompanied by an adult. Reviews“There was so much to see and learn that it was hard to take everything in. The bays we stopped at were beautiful with golden sandy beaches, the forests were overpowering and we expected dinosaurs to appear at any time, the views from lookout point were splendid and the anchor pointwith Bluff brought a smile. Thank you to Chris and the experienced team for such an informativetour.” Ron P“Any visitor to Stewart Island could do no better than take one of the guided tours from the ObanVisitor Centre—especially if you only have limited time available. We had the delightful andextremely informative Kylie conduct a small number on one of the village tours. This is a beautifulplace—a few fascinating shops and restaurants, wonderful walks and warm and friendly people.”Michael Mason “I love findin g out about places and the guide was full of information and stories as we visited everyinteresting place and view in Oban (it didn’t take too long...). A great way to start a visit as it helpsyou know where everything is.” Kiwieric60. If a traveler plans to leave a car at Oban, he had better ________.A. refer to the guides firstB. use wheelchair accessC. make a reservationD. walk to the center in advance61. Herry, a six-year-old boy, wanted to have a sightseeing of the Stewart Island with his parents. How muchshould they pay for the mini-bus tour?A. $135.B. $90.C. $ 45.D. Free.62. If a traveler takes the guided tour, he can experience all the following EXCEPT ________.A. breath-taking sceneryB. charming walksC. dinosaur samplesD. detailed tour guide(C)①What does it say about the future of meat when the country’s largest processor of chicken, pork, andbeef buys a stake(股份) in a start-up that aims to “perfectly replace animal protein with plant protein②Tyson Foods announced this week that it purchased a 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat, the SouthernCalifornia-based food-tech start-up that made headlines earlier this year with its veggie burger that reportedlycooks and tastes like real beef.③To be sure, Beyond Meat’s meatless creations have yet to take the country by storm. Although the 100percent plant-based burgers have achieved plenty of positive press since they appeared for the first time in May,so far they’re only available at Whole Foods stores in seven states. Even though the company’s “chicken” strips, “beef” pies, and meatless frozen dinners are available nationwide, Beyond Meat is hardly a household name.④That may be what makes the news of Tyson’s investment all the more noteworthy. While the two companies declined to give details about the deal, it’s doubtful that Tyson’s 5 percent stake made much ofdent(凹陷) in the meat giant’s coffers(金库). The company posted $41.4 billion in sales last year; prior to thedeal with Tyson, Beyond Meat had reportedly raised $64 million in project capital funding—about what Tysonearns before lunch on any given day.⑤Tyson is doing pretty great. The company reported record third-quarter earnings per share in Augustand says that it expects overall meat production to increase 2 to 3 percent during the next financial year. Butlike a big oil company shelling out cash to invest in wind power, Tyson’s toe-in-the-water move to team upwith a start-up devoted to bringing more plant-based protein to American dinner tables seems to suggest themeat industry is starting to see which way the winds are blowing.⑥Sales of plant-based protein, which totaled an estimated $5 billion last year, continue to pale compared with the market for meat in America—but vegetarian alternatives to meat are booming, with sales growing at more than double the rate for food products overall. The steady drumbeat of news about the negative health impacts, environmental problems, and animal welfare concerns associated with meat consumption appears tobe sinking in. According to a survey released in April, more than half of Americans surveyed said they plan to eat more plant-based foods in the coming year.63. Beyond Meat’s veggie burger made headlines probably because __________.A. it makes perfect use of animal proteinB. it uses high tech in the making processC. it tastes as good as a genuine beef burgerD. it represents the diet trend in South California64. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the state of Beyond Meat?A. It is the creator of the country’s first 100 percent plant-based burgers.B. It has been well received as its products are available nationwide.C. It is far from being a match to real food processing giants like Tyson.D. It provides high-quality dining experience in selected Whole Foods stores.65. What can we infer from paragraph 4?A. The purchase of the stake barely costs a thing for Tyson.B. The 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat means a lot to Tyson.C. Tyson’s investment hasn’t caught the attention of the media as expected.D. Tyson is relying on this investment to raise more project capital funding.66. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Meat will still take over the market in spite of other alternatives.B. A major American meat company is betting on plant-based protein.C. Tyson and Beyond Meat work together to build a global meat giant.D. Plants have been found to contain protein that does more good to human beings.Section CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Many of us just drive on as we have right of way.B. It is this social aspect that makes many people suspicious about driverless cars.C. The latest robot cars are able to make the necessary eye contact with a human driver.D. Humans are always suspicious about new technologies of which they have little experience.E. Even many people with suspicion accept that emotionless A Vs could cause fewer accidents than wehumans.F. These safety-first robot cars could become victims of their own politeness and end up being bullied andignored by aggressive, impatient humans.Would You B ully(欺负) a Driverless Car or Show It Respect?Say you’re driving down a two-way street and there’s a truck unloading a delivery in the opposite lane.The oncoming traffic needs to pull out into your lane to overtake.What do you do?___67___ Eventually one of us feels charitable and slows down to allow the oncoming car to overtakeand give permission with a quick flash of headlights or a wave of the hand.But what if the car waiting patiently behind the parked truck is a driverless or autonomous vehicle (AV)?Will this robot car be able to understand what you mean when you flash your lights or wave your hands?Its sensors could decide that it’s only safe to overtake when there’s no oncoming traffic at all. On a busyroad at school home time, this may be never, leading to increasingly angry drivers queuing behind. ___68___This is one of the conclusions to be drawn from research carried out by Dr Chris Tennant of the psychologicaland behavioural science department at the London School of Economics.His Europe-wide survey finds that nearly two-thirds of drivers think machines won’t have enoughcommon sense to interact with human drivers, and more than two-fifths think a robot car would remain stuckbehind our assumedparked truck for a long time.Driving isn’t just about technology and engineering, it’s about human interactions and psychology. Theroad is a social space. ___69___ “If you view the road as a social space, you will consciously negotiate yourjourney with other drivers. People who like that negotiation process appear to feel less comfortable engagingwith AVs than with human drivers,” says Mr Tennant in his report.___70___ A statistic often trotted out(动不动就搬出) is that human error is responsible for more than90% of accidents, with our tendency to road anger, tiredness and lack of concentration.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in nomore than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Super Size MeFast food, otherwise known as junk food, is a huge passion for a large number of people across theWestern world. But what would happen if you ate lots of junk food, every day? Would it seriously damageyour health? These were the questions which led Morgan Spurlock, an independent film-maker, to do an experiment, which he made into a documentary film entitled Super Size Me.The main basis of his experiment was that Spurlock promised to eat three McDonald’s meals a day, everyday, for a month. He could only eat food from McDonald’s and every time an employee asked if he would liketo “super size” the meal, he had to agree. “Super sizing” refers to the fact that with this type of meal yo considerable larger portion of everything.Spurlock knew that by eating three McDonald’s meals a day, he would consume a lot of fat and a greatdeal of salt and sugar in each meal—much more than he needed. Although Spurlock knew he would put on abit of weight, and that this diet was unhealthy, he wasn’t quite prepared for just how unhealthy it turned out tobe. The changes in his body were horrifying in the first week, he put on 4.5 kilos and by the end of the thirtydays he had gained nearly 14 kilos, bringing his total weight to a massive 98kg.d love people to walk out of the movie and say, ’Next time I’m not going to “super size”.Spurlock says “I’Maybe I’m not going have any junk food at all. I’m going to sit down and eat dinner with my kids, with the TVoff, so that we can eat healthy food, talk about what we’re eating and have a relationship with each other.’” Food for thought indeed.第II卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.这款手表不防水。
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格致中学高三开学考2016.9II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.An accident in a bicycle race in the United States eight years ago alerted James Chang to the importance of sports medicine. One of his riding companions (21) ______ (injure) severely in the accident.From then on, Chang, 45, a Chinese-American who was born in Anhui province, began to launch business relating to physical safety and medical assistance, particularly in sport. So (22)______ he took up marathon running two years ago he was shocked to see frequent injuries, many of them avoidable.“I always heard people talking about people in marathons in China dying suddenly,” he says, adding that one reason why many of these deaths happen is (23) ______ there is a lot of ignorance in China about what marathon running involves.Many amateur runners in China who are highly competitive get carried away and run at a pace that is far in excess of (24) ______ they can expect their body to take, and even ignore clear signals such as pain, Chang says.As Chinese have placed more emphasis on leading healthy life-styles in recent years, marathon and other long-distance running (25) ______ (become) a highly popular sport across the country quickly.More than 50 China Athletic Association-sanctioned urban marathons were held in the country last year, and 39 races（26）______ (involve) more than 750,000 runners were held the year before. However, long-distance running is a serious business that（27）______ exact a heavy physical toll on runners.“Marathon carries (28) ______(high) risks of injury than other forms of sport,” Hou says, adding that the key to avoiding injury is to strengthen the body through regular exercise andto be aware of one’s own physical condition.Although some chronic injuries are hard (29)______(avoid), even for highly experienced runners, cramp, fainting and shock can easily be prevented (30)______ runners better understand the sport, he says.21. was injured 22.when 23.that 24. what 25. havebecome 26.involving 27. can 28.higher 29.to avoid 30.if Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.With the publication of the new memoir （a book by someone important and famous in which they write about their life and experiences），Hard Choices, former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton has kicked off a book tour that could preview a ___31___run.The tour began in the friendliest possible setting: a book-signing event at a Barnes & noble in Manhattan’s Union Sq uare. Around 1,000 people –some had slept on the sidewalk the night before—cheered as Clinton arrived about 20 minutes behind schedule and delivered brief remarks with a(n) ___32___ tone.The nearly 700-page book, ___33___ on June 10, was “written for anyb ody who wants to think about, and learn about, what is happening in the world today—why American matters, and why the world matters to America，”said the former first lady and New York senator. “And we have a lot of hard choices ahead of us in our country t o make it as brave and as strong as it should be. And we have a lot of hard choices to continue to lead the world andsolve problems that affect us and the rest of ___34__ ”.In the book, Clinton frames the foreign policy situations ___35__ during her tenure（the period of time when someone has an important job）as a series of hard choices, especially those ___36__the middle east, Afghanistan , Pakistan and Russia, while recounting some ___37__ within the Obama administration. She also delves into some personal aspects of her life, including her daughter Chelsea Clinton’s wedding, and offers glimpse of personal interactions with citizens of other countries during her ___38__as secretary.The book tour was ___39__ to take Clinton to Chicago, Philadelphia, Washington, Toronto and Austin. Her fast pace and intense media attention resembled a hybrid of celebrity book tour and campaign kickoff.During a(n) ___40__with some 1,000 students at a recent event at Arizona state university, for instance, she hinted that she was considering running for presidency in 2016 because she was “very much concerned” about the direction that the U.S. was going.CFEHJ DKAGBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The famous American inventor Thomas Alva Edison once claimed that genius was one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration(汗水). Now, it seems, there is scientific evidence to __41__ his claim. The idea that geniuses such as Shakespeare, Mozart, and Picasso possessed certain inborn talents is a false belief, according to a study by a British psychologist and his colleagues.After examining outstanding performance in the arts and sports, these researchers concluded that __42__ is determined by opportunity, encouragement, training, motivation, self-confidence, and — most important of all — __43__. Even people who were not thought to be 44__ with any special talent could, after having received training, reach levels __45__ considered attainable (可获得的) only by gifted individuals. ‘Talent is a false belief,and it is time that people got rid of it,” they said.This theory —a dramatic __46__ with traditional beliefs —has been __47__ by academics worldwide. In fact, studies of accomplished artists and mathematicians, and top tennis players and swimmers, have reported few early signs of _48__ in these people before any parental encouragement. No case has been found of anyone reaching the highest levels of achievement without _49__ himself or herself to thousands of hours of serious training. Even those who are believed to be exceptionally talented — whether in music, mathematics, chess, or sports — have needed lengthy periods of instruction and practice to achieve their highest level of success. ‘The persistent false belief that some people reach high levels of performance without spending numerous hours practising __50__ much to the fact that their practice is usually outside the casual observer’s view,’ stated one scientist.The importance of practice has been noticed in athletics. For instance, differences in the composition of certain muscles were once thought to be __51_ predictors of athletic performance. However, the differences in the proportion of certain muscle fibers(组织) that are __52__ for success in long-distance running are largely the result of extended practice in running.‘What makes a genius then?’one may ask. __53__, there is no clear answer. What is known, however, is that ‘nurture’is at least as important as ‘nature.’__54__, a supportive environment will do far more for a child’s prospects of success than any inborn gifts. This is a message that most of us will find _55__ — even if we haven’t won the gene lottery, our fate is still in our own hands.41. A. make B. challenge C. support D. dismiss42. A. excellence B. harmony C. negotiation D. response43. A. education B. practice C. fortune D. character44. A. satisfied B. concerned C. decorated D. gifted45. A. preciously B. practically C. previously D. primarily46. A. break B. association C. partnership D. relief47. A. doubted B. concluded C. mentioned D. applauded48. A. accomplishment B. treasure C. diligence D. inspiration49. A. adapting B. attaching C. linking D. devoting50. A. carries B. leaves C. owes D. connects51. A. creative B. reliable C. natural D. active52. A. essential B. suitable C. possible D. feasible53. A. Unlikely B. Similarly C. Hopefully D. Unfortunately54. A. To sum up B. In other words C. For example D. In addition55. A. misleading B. puzzling C. comforting D. amusing CABDC ADADC BADBCSection BDirections:Read the following four passages.Each passage is followed by severed questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B and C. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Which tablet computer should YOU be buying: They are this year's must have... and there's a style to suit everyone?with five built-in education games (you can buy more). Besides, the LeapPad does not allow access games, the latest the one to choose.Pros: Noto do a bit of work?compete with a full-size laptop computer,But most tablets have a shiny screen—which can1. The underlined phrase ‘stumble across’ most probably means ‘___________’.A. meet withB. quarrel withC. compare withD. competewith2. Which of the following about Surface is NOT TRUE?A. The keyboard will add to the cost.B. The keyboard can serve as a cover.C. You have to pay extra to install Microsoft Word.D. You can watch movies or surf the Internet with it.3. If you are a game lover, which tablet is least likely to be your choice?A. LeapPad Explorer 2.B. iPad 4th generation.C. Microsoft Surface.D. Amazon Kindle Paperwhite.Keys：ACD(B)Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced increasing growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, some users fail to realize the fact that the information they post online can come back to trouble them. First, employers can monitor employees who maintain a blog, photo diary, or website. Employers can look for troublesome employees’ opinions, sensitive information disclosures, or wildly inappropriate conduct. For example, a North Carolina newspaper fired one of its features writers after she created a blog on which she anonymously wrote about the characteristics of her job and coworkers.The second unintended use of information from social networking websites is employers who check on potential employees. A New York Times article reported that many companies recruiting (招募) on college campuses use search engines and social networking websites such as MySpace, Xanga, and Facebook to conduct background checks. Although the use of MySpace or Google to investigate a stud ent’s background is somewhat upsetting to many undergraduates, the Times noted that the use of Facebook is especially shocking to students who believe that Facebook is limited to current students and recent alumni.| Company employers are not the only peo ple interested in college students’ lives. The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor theInternet—especially Facebook—for student misconduct. For example, a college in Boston’s Back Bay expelled (除名) its Student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant. In addition, fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appeared on Facebook.Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential pitfalls (陷阱) of online identities, many regular users still fail to take three basic security precautions. First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second, regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled (不满的) former colleague. Third, never post offensive material under your name or on your page as, despite the best precautions, this material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e-community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.59. The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A. explain the growth of the digital world through from the aspect of privacyB. discuss the risks of the digital world and suggest ways to protect yourselfC. propose steps Facebook, MySpace, and Google can take to protect user privacyD. illustrate potential unintended uses of private information60. The author implies that users should take all of the following actions to protect theironline privacy EXCEPT________.A. know to whom you make your online information availableB. avoid uploading information that would be damaging if it were discoveredC. carefully select and limit who can view your electronic profileD. speak with employers to inform them of any misinformation published about you61. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the last paragraph and theother paragraphs?A. It offers detailed examples to support previous points of view.B. It summarizes the points of view in the previous paragraphs.C. It provides suggestions to solve the previously mentioned problems.D. It offers evidence to make the previous points of view clearer.62. According to the passage, which of following does the writer imply?A. Information obtained unwillingly from the Internet is permissible in court.B. It is impossible to protect yourself from unintended uses of information online.C. Even if you restrict who can view your data, the government may still access it.D. Done properly, posting offensive information about oneself causes no risk.Keys: BDCA(C)Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions , professional innovators see as solid possibilities. "Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there' s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done, " wrote Rudolph Flexh, a language authority, this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient : "How come nobody thought of that before?"The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route.The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.63.What does the author probably mean by "untaught mind" in the first paragraph?A. An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.B. A person who has had no education.C.A citizen of a society that retires personal creativity.D.A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.64.According to the author , what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?A. The way they present their findings.B. The way they deal with problems.C. The intelligence they process.D. The variety of ideas they have.65. The phrase "march to a different drummer" (the last line of the passage) suggests thathighly creative individuals are__.A.unwilling to follow common ways of doing thingsB.diligent in pursuing their goalsC.concerned about the advance of societyD.devoted to the progress of science66.The most suitable title for this passage might be______.A.The Relation Between Creation and DiligenceB. To be a Creative Expert in the Study of Human CreativityC.What Are So Special about Creative IndividualsD.Discoveries and InnovationKeys: DBAC(D)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.US Signs Global Tobacco TreatyThe United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty thatpromises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the United Nations. ____________(68)The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly，including the United States，last year. _______(69) For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack. __________(70) It also requires bans on tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States, where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban.__________(71) The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses; about one-third of all cancers in the US are caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO estimates, by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year.A. Tobacco stocks also perked up as investors discounted fears of litigation（诉讼）from the US.B. So far，109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it.C. The impact of the treaty could be huge.D. Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies.E. The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places, and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs.F. The Senate must still approve the treaty before the US can implement its provisions.FDECTranslationDirections: Translation the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.成功带给你的不单单是喜悦，更重要的是经验。