全站仪建筑测量外文翻译文献
测绘工程专业英语课文翻译Unit 18 Construction Layout
Unit 18 Construction Layout （施工放样）Engineering surveys are conducted to obtain data essential for planning, estimating, locating, and layout for the various phases of construction activities or projects.（工程测量是在施工活动或工程的不同阶段中为计划编制、估计、定位、和放样获取必需的【essential必需的】数据的行为【conduct这里是动词：处理，翻译时用名词行为代替】）After the necessary topographic maps are prepared and positions of the structures are established as well as the final plans for the project are available, the engineers, architects or building contractors need to know information about overall site grade and elevations to determine placement of site structures, or estimate the volume of dirt to be moved, and then to set the required horizontal and vertical positions for the structures.（在必要的地形图准备好、建筑物位臵已确定之后，同样项目的最终方案也是可用的，工程师、建筑师【architect】或承建者【building contractor承建者、承包者；contract合同】需要知道全部场地的坡度和高程来确定建筑场地的布臵或者土方估算【volume体积；estimate 估计】，然后放臵建筑物的设计【required要求的，这里指设计位臵】水平和竖直位臵）Construction surveying is the translation of construction plans into physical points on the ground that can be used as a basis for the actual construction.（施工测量【Construction surveying施工测量，不要翻译成建筑测量】是施工图【construction plan施工图】到地面上实地点位的转换【translation】，可以被用来作为实际施工的基础【或译为原理】。
测绘外文文献
GPS Data and GIS System ApplicationsGPS & GIS MapsWith the growth of digital mapping and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) becoming available to many people in the form of online services like Google Earth and Yahoo maps –the way people do business is rapidly changing. Using data derived from GPS systems and other sources such as satellite photography, aerial photography and physical surveys, the kind and quality of information available to organizations is greatly enhanced – and not only to the benefit of Wall Street.“GIS is a very useful tool which can be used to solve the world's problems,”says Patrick, a geographer who blogs at (for privacy reasons, he is known on the web by his first name.) “With a simple database or spreadsheet I could show you data on a famine in Africa but all you would see are the names of the countries and a bunch of numbers. With GIS I can make a map and show you where there is surplus food and where that surplus could be distributed.”GPS Data and GIS SystemsThe use of GPS technology in the digital mapmaking process has made possible a number of innovations, including the integration of GPS data into aerial photography expeditions, with exact GPS positions being recorded at the time of each photographic exposure. These images and coordinate data are then imported into GIS maps. On the ground, portable and lightweight GPS devices are used to collect positions and attributes of physical geographical features, with the classification of attributes assigned from a pull down menu. The data can then be output to popular GIS software applications for compilation into digital maps.Technological innovations in GPS and GIS have occurred on a parallel course, with breakthroughs in each field often benefiting the other. The increasing ubiquity of the Internet and the growing affordability of GPS and GIS systems should lead to increased visibility of these technologies, as seen in the availability of digital maps found on Google Earth and at .A Catalyst For ChangeIndeed, if a recent media project at Google is any indication, GPS and GIS-enabled mapmaking may not only change the way we view the world, it may contribute to improving the lives of those in it. In collaboration with the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, the folks at Google unveiled in April an unprecedented online mapping initiative to bring awareness of the Darfur crisis to the public, in the hopes of creating positive social change."At Google, we believe technology can be a catalyst for education and action,”said Eliot Schrage, Google Vice President of Global Communications and Public Affairs, in a recent press release. “…Crisis in Darfur‟will enable Google Earth users to visualize and learn about the destruction in Darfur as never before and join the Museum‟s efforts in responding to this continuing international catastrophe”(cited from /intl/en/press/pressrel/darfur_mapping.html.)As online users use virtual technology to fly over Africa, they‟ll see actual photographic images of the devastation that bears witness to the ongoing destruction of 1,600 villages by the Janjaweed militia and Sudanese forces – including 100,000 homes, as well as mosques, schools, and other critical structures, according to the release.The project uses data compiled from sources as diverse as the U.S. State Department and the United Nations, as well independent photographers and Holocaust Museum. The virtual experience can be viewed by downloading the free Google Earth software at . Additional information about the museum‟s Genocide Prevention Mapping Initiative can be accessed at the website of the Holocaust Museum at /googleearth .‘Neither Good Nor Evil’Geographer Patrick, who developed a master‟s thesis using freeware GIS software, and is currently a graduate teaching assistant in environmental geography, says he feels that due to the widespread availability of network-based programs, “GIS is about to go through such a radical evolution that it will surprise many….These new tools are also incredibly easy. I predict it will soon be possible to earn a degree in GIS from your average tech school.”Patrick runs a Windows®XP-based laptop with a variety of GIS applications, favoring open-source software and freeware for most of his work, and uses the popular ArcGIS application from ESRI for the most complex data and image crunching. He suggests that, like any tool, the benefit to society of using geographical information systems depends on the intentions of the user: “GIS is a great tool but that's all it is,” Patrick told me, “it is neither good nor evil. What matters is who is using it and the goals they wish to accomplish. As a culture we must continue to teach morals and ethics. This is the best and only reasonable way GIS can have a positive effect on the world.”As tools like Google Earth and similar GIS platforms bring the world closer together, every single one of us gains billions of neighbors every time we log onto the Internet. Hopefully this fact will make it harder to turn our back on the plight of developing communities in crisis, like Darfur.。
施工测量英文文献
施工测量英文文献Construction Surveying is a critical component of civil engineering projects, ensuring the accuracy and precision of the construction process. It involves the application of various surveying techniques to determine the exact positions of points, lines, and contours on the Earth's surface. This process is essential for the proper planning, design, and execution of construction projects.The primary objective of construction surveying is to establish a reliable and accurate control network that serves as a reference for all subsequent construction activities. This includes the layout of roads, bridges, buildings, and other structures. Surveyors use a variety of instruments such as total stations, GPS receivers, and digital levels to collect the necessary data.One of the initial steps in construction surveying is the establishment of a horizontal and vertical control network. This involves setting up a series of benchmark points that are used to orient and align the construction elements. The control network serves as a reference for all subsequent measurements, ensuring that the construction is carried out according to the design specifications.Once the control network is established, the surveyors proceed to stake out the exact positions of the structures to be built. This involves the use of precise measurements tolocate the corners of buildings, the centerlines of roads, and the positions of other critical construction elements. The stakes are typically marked with flags, paint, or other visible indicators to guide the construction crews.As construction progresses, surveyors continue to monitor the work to ensure that it is being carried out correctly. This may involve checking the alignment of walls, the elevation of floors, and the position of other structural elements. Any discrepancies are identified and corrected to ensure that the final structure meets the design specifications.Modern construction surveying also incorporates the use of advanced technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). These tools allow surveyors to integrate their data with other aspects of the construction process, providing a more comprehensive and integrated approach to project management.In conclusion, construction surveying is a vital aspect of the construction industry, providing the necessary data and control for the accurate and efficient execution of construction projects. With the ongoing advancements in technology, the role of surveyors is becoming increasingly important in ensuring the success of these projects.。
施工测量外文文献
施工测量外文文献施工测量在建筑工程中起着至关重要的作用。
以下为一些关于施工测量的外文文献，供参考。
1. 'Construction surveying and layout' by Wesley G. Crawford本书是关于施工测量和布局的综合指南。
它涵盖了地形测量、控制测量、水平和垂直布局、建筑物定位、水平曲线和垂直曲线等方面。
这本书是一个实用的指南，适用于建筑工程师、土木工程师、测量师和建筑师。
2. 'Building construction handbook' by Roy Chudley本书是一个广泛涵盖了建筑施工的指南，包括了施工测量方面的内容。
此书重点介绍了测量与布局、基础、结构、墙体、屋顶、门窗、地面、装修等方面的内容。
3. 'Surveying for construction' by William Irvine and Finlay Maclennan本书是一本介绍测量技术在建筑工程中的应用的指南。
它包括了控制测量、挖掘和地基测量、建筑物定位和布局、水平和垂直曲线、高程测量和建筑物检查等方面的内容。
本书着重讲解了测量技术的应用，尤其针对建筑工程的特点进行了详细分析。
4. 'Construction surveying and layout' by James Anderson and Edward Mikhail本书是建筑测量的指南，内容包括地形测量、控制测量、水平和垂直布局、建筑物定位、水平曲线和垂直曲线等方面。
此书着重介绍了测量技术在建筑工程中的应用，以及如何调整和纠正测量误差。
5. 'Surveying with construction applications' by Barry Kavanagh and Diane K. Slattery本书是一本介绍测量技术在建筑工程中的应用的指南。
可以加入工程测量实训报告的参考文献
可以加入工程测量实训报告的参考文献参考文献是工程测量实训报告的重要组成部分，它能够为实训报告提供可靠的理论依据和研究支撑。
下面是一些可以加入工程测量实训报告的参考文献：1. Smith, J. D., & Brown, A. B. (2010). Introduction to engineering surveying. CRC Press.2. Liu, W., & Zhang, X. (2016). Research on the application of total station in engineering surveying. Measurement & Control Technology, 35(3), 1-4.3. Wang, L., & Li, X. (2018). Research on the application of GPS in engineering surveying. Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology, 36(2), 10-14.4. Zhang, Y., & Wu, H. (2014). Research on the application of laser scanning technology in engineering surveying. Geospatial Information, 32(4), 20-24.5. Chen, H., & Zhou, L. (2019). Research on the application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in engineering surveying. Journal of Remote Sensing, 41(5), 12-17.6. Li, Y., & Zhao, Q. (2017). Research on the application of geographic information system (GIS) in engineering surveying. Geospatial Information, 35(6), 8-12.7. Wu, J., & Zhang, H. (2015). Research on the applicationof 3D laser scanning technology in engineering surveying. Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology, 34(1), 15-20. 8. Huang, X., & Chen, G. (2013). Research on the application of ground penetrating radar (GPR) in engineering surveying. Measurement & Control Technology, 32(2), 5-9.9. Yang, S., & Wang, C. (2012). Research on the application of photogrammetry in engineering surveying. Journal of Remote Sensing, 34(3), 25-29.10. Zhang, L., & Li, J. (2011). Research on the application of digital elevation model (DEM) in engineering surveying. Geospatial Information, 30(4), 16-20.这些参考文献涵盖了工程测量实训中常用的各种技术和方法，可以为实训报告提供全面的理论支撑和实证研究。
对测绘技术的理解英语作文
对测绘技术的理解英语作文Understanding of Surveying and Mapping Technology。
Surveying and mapping technology is a crucial tool in the field of geography and land management. It involves the measurement and mapping of the Earth's surface, as well as the collection of data to create accurate and detailed representations of the physical environment. This technology is used in a wide range of applications, including urban planning, construction, natural resource management, and environmental monitoring.One of the key aspects of surveying and mapping technology is the use of specialized equipment and techniques to accurately measure and record the physical features of the Earth's surface. This includes the use of GPS, total stations, and other advanced instruments to gather precise location data. In addition, surveying and mapping technology also involves the use of remote sensing technologies, such as aerial photography and satelliteimagery, to gather information about the Earth's surface from a distance.Another important aspect of surveying and mapping technology is the use of geographic information systems (GIS) to organize and analyze spatial data. GIS allows for the integration of different types of geographic data, such as maps, satellite imagery, and survey measurements, to create comprehensive and detailed representations of the Earth's surface. This technology is used to support decision-making in a wide range of fields, including urban planning, natural resource management, and environmental monitoring.In addition to its practical applications, surveying and mapping technology also plays a crucial role in scientific research and exploration. For example, this technology is used to map the Earth's surface in detail, to study the effects of natural disasters, and to monitor changes in the environment over time. This information is critical for understanding the Earth's physical processes and for making informed decisions about land use andresource management.Overall, surveying and mapping technology is a powerful tool for understanding and managing the Earth's physical environment. It provides accurate and detailed information about the Earth's surface, which is essential for a wide range of applications, including urban planning, construction, natural resource management, and environmental monitoring. This technology is also crucial for scientific research and exploration, providing valuable information about the Earth's physical processes and changes in the environment. As technology continues to advance, surveying and mapping technology will become even more important for understanding and managing the Earth's physical environment.。
全站仪测绘实习报告
全站仪测绘实习报告英文回答：During my internship as a surveyor, I had the opportunity to work with a total station. A total station is a highly advanced surveying instrument that combines the functions of an electronic theodolite, an electronic distance meter (EDM), and a data collector. It is commonly used in construction and engineering projects to measure angles, distances, and heights with high precision.One of the tasks I was assigned was to conduct a topographic survey of a construction site. Using the total station, I set up the instrument at several control points around the site. I then aimed the telescope at various targets and recorded the angles and distances. This data was then used to create a detailed map of the site, which included contour lines, spot elevations, and other important features.The total station also proved to be invaluable when it came to stakeout work. I was able to input the design coordinates into the instrument and then use it to guide the construction crew in placing various elements, such as buildings, roads, and utilities, in the correct locations. This ensured that the construction was carried out accurately and according to the design plans.In addition to its measurement capabilities, the total station also had a built-in data collector that allowed me to store and manage the survey data. This made it much easier to organize and process the large amount of data collected during the survey. I was able to export the data to a computer and use software to generate reports and drawings.中文回答：在我的实习期间，我有机会使用全站仪进行测绘工作。
全站仪极坐标法 英文
全站仪极坐标法英文The polar coordinate method is a measurement technique commonly used in surveying, which involves the use of a total station to obtain angular and distance measurements in a 3D coordinate system. The total station, which consists of a theodolite and a distance meter, can measure horizontal and vertical angles to a high degree of accuracy, as well as calculate distances using either a reflector or a laser. To use the polar coordinate method, the user sets up the total station at a known point and aims it towards a target point. The instrument then calculates the angles and distances to the target point, and uses these measurements to determine the precise location of the target in the 3D coordinate system. This method is particularly useful for determining the location and elevation of objects such as buildings, roads, and bridges, as well as for mapping large-scale terrain features such as mountains and valleys. The polar coordinate method is widely used in many different fields, including civil engineering, architecture, and land surveying, and is known for its high accuracy and precision. In addition, because the total station is automated and requires minimal user input, it is a highly efficient method of surveying that can save time and resources on large-scale projects.Overall, the polar coordinate method is an essential tool for many professionals who require accurate and precise spatial data, and it continues to be an important part of modern surveying practice.全站仪极坐标法是一种常用的测量技术，它涉及到利用全站仪在三维坐标系中获取角度和距离测量。
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全站仪建筑测量外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)译文：全站仪在房屋建筑测量中的应用分析摘要介绍全站仪在房屋建筑测量中的应用，提出全站仪使用中应注意的事项。
关键词：全站仪，房屋建筑，施工测量，应用随着科学技术的进步与发展，人类劳动不仅在深度和广度上快速拓展，且更加简洁高效。
光电测距仪的出现使测量范围和测量速度大大提高，电子经纬仪的出现则不仅使测角精度有所提高，其可视化更是给测量工作带来了极大的便利，电子全站仪就是集测距、测角、测高程及数据自动化处理于一体的智能化仪器，在高层、大型房屋建筑工程的施工测量工作中得到广泛的应用。
一、全站仪简介全站仪，即全站型电子速测仪。
是一种集光、机、电为一体的高技术测量仪器，是集水平角、垂直角、距离（斜距、平距）、高差测量功能于一体的测绘仪器系统。
全站仪具有测量精度高，仪器的集成化、自动化和智能化程度高等优点，已大量应用于各类工程的施工测量中。
全站仪是由电子测角、电子测距、电子计算和数据存储单元等组成的三维坐标测量系统，测量结果能自动显示，并能与外转设备交换住处的多功能测量仪器。
由于全站仪电子速测仪较完善地实现了测量和处理过程的电子化和一体化，所以人们也通常称之为全站仪电子速测仪或简称全站仪。
二、全站仪的特点1、全站仪自身带有数据处理系统，只要一次照准反射棱镜；即可快速地测出水平角、垂直角和斜距，自动计算出放样点的坐标和高程，并可记录测量与计算数据。
2、通过全站仪主机的标准通讯接口，可实现全站仪与计算机或其他外围设备的数据通讯，从而使测量数据的获取、管理、计算和绘图形成一个完善的自动化测量系统。
3、利用全站仪的微机处理器来控制全站仪的测量与计算，可实现气象改正，导线测量，前、后方交会，碎部测量和施工放样等计算任务。
且由于计算是由全站仪自动完成；即放线过程中完全不会受到人为因素的影响。
4、全站仪能自动读出距离数值，只要架设棱镜对准全站仪的镜头，全站仪就可读出实测的距离，且能自动计算出理论上的数据，具有测距自动和快速的特点。
5、在采用坐标放样时，其角差和放样边长都会显示在仪器屏幕上，操作很方便，尤其实在高程测量时，全站仪的一站可完成传统水准仪10站乃至50站的工作，比“传统测量仪器”可节省2/3时间，人力可节省1/2.三、全站仪在房屋建筑施工测量中的应用1、复合起始数据测量工作的第一步，是对拟建建筑物四周的城市导线点的坐标及高程等起始数据进行复核。
在此阶段，可用全站仪对城市导线点进行两测回的测角、测距，联测数据的精度满足测量规范的要求后，即可将其作为该工程布设建筑平面控制网的基准点和起算数据。
具体方法如下：（1）选取两城市控制网点N1、N2。
将N1点作为测站点并在此架设全站仪，将N2点作为目标点，在上面架设棱镜。
（2）对全站仪进行对中、整平，并设置好仪器参数。
（3）将仪器照准方向的方向值设置为零度。
全站仪可按要求的次数进行多次测距和水平角的复测并显示其平均值。
一般来说，占地面积宽广、体量庞大的建筑物提供起始控制数据的城市导线之间的距离较远，当两导线之间的距离达200-300米时，用一般光学仪器来观测容易引起误差，若使用全站仪来观测不但方便，而且精准度高。
2、通过坐标放样建立平面控制平面控制网是建筑物定位的基本依据，其原则是整体控制局部，高精度控制低精度。
使用全站仪的坐标放样功能可准确、方便的测设出整个建筑的平面控制网，并进而加密成建筑方格网。
其具体方法如下：（1）根据施工图纸，计算出各控制点及其它待放样点的坐标。
（2）选取两城市控制网点N1、N2，其坐标已知。
把N2点作为测站点，N1作为后视点。
把全站仪架在N2点上，把一台棱镜架在后视点N1点上，另一台带有测杆的棱镜由另一名测量人员来放置，放置的具体位置应听从仪器操作人员的指挥。
（3）对全站仪进行对中和整平，设置好仪器参数。
（4）进入坐标放样模式，输入测站点的坐标、仪器高、目标高。
（5）进入方位角的设置状态，输入后视点的坐标。
精确找准后视点棱镜中心，仪器根据测站点和后视点坐标，将自动完成后视点方位角的设备。
（6）再次进入坐标放样模式，输入放样点的坐标。
（7）旋转仪器的照准部，使所显示的水平角读书为零。
此时，照准部所照准的方向即为待测点的方向。
照准带测杆的棱镜（待放样点附近），通过对照准点的测量，仪器显示出预先输入的待放样值与实测值之差，即“显示值=实测值-放样值”。
（8）根据显示值，指挥持棱镜的测量人员沿照准方向移动带测杆的棱镜，直到观测屏幕上的显示值在误差范围之内。
（9）在测杆指示的位置埋上刻有“+”字丝的螺栓，用水泥砂浆将螺栓固定。
传统的放样工作使用经纬仪、钢尺、线坠等仪器，通过经纬仪拨角度、定方向以及钢尺量具来进行。
利用全站仪的坐标放样功能可有效地客服传统放样工作中的弊端，在测量过程中大大减少设站次数，可直接进行放样并省去现场的记录工作。
3、通过三角高程测距进行高程控制高程测量在整个测量工作中所占的工作量很大，也是测量工作的重要组成部分，利用全站仪的距离测量模式可精确地进行高程控制。
具体方法如下：（1）将全站仪架在水准点BM1附近。
（2）将两根装有棱镜的测杆，一根立在BM1点上，另一根立在需测标高的点上。
（3）将全站仪对中、整平，进入距离测量模式，分别测出仪器至BM1点的平距、斜距和高差h1以及仪器至所求点的平距、斜距和高差h2。
（4）若测杆1和测杆2的高度一致，则所求点A的计算式为：HA=BM1（高程）+h2-h1.若仪器至测杆1测得为负高差，则h1前变符号为“+”。
两侧杆高度不一致时，若测杆2大于测杆1一个差值，则两杆的高差减去这一差值，否则相加。
（5）通过架设的水准仪，可把A点的标高引测到露面上的其他位置。
传统的高程控制方法的缺点是工作量大，容易引起误差。
通过全站仪三角高程测距法进行高程控制，对施工作业干扰少、工作量小，引测速度快。
4、进行边坡及附近建筑物的偏移和沉降观测大型工程的边坡支护难度大，安全系数要求高。
因此，对其进行定期检测也是测量工作的一项重要内容。
其方法是：首先沿基坑四周的边线没变均匀设置3个监测点；再选取两个可以同时的基准点，其坐标和高程已定出（既已知三维坐标），把全站仪架设于其中一点上，另一点作为后视点，可定期测出监测点的三维坐标，并进行分析比较。
5、结束语全站仪在房屋建筑测量中推广应用，大大便利了对建筑物的垂直观测和平面、高程的测量控制；使得施工放样的精确度和准确度得到了很大提升，它的很多优点是其它测量仪器所不能替代的。
所以，我们应强化全站仪的推广应用；用现代科技武装建筑测量工作，来更好地保障房屋建筑工程质量。
原文：Application of total station instrument in measuring inhousing constructionAbstract: Application of total station instrument in measuring in housing construction, puts forward some matters needing attention in the use of total station instrument.Keywords:Total station, housing construction, construction surveying, applicationWith the development of science and technology, human labor is not only fast in the breadth and depth of development, and more concise and efficient. The emergence of optical rangefinder to greatly improve the measurement range and measurement speed, electronic theodolite appear not only makes the measuring accuracy is improved, the visualization is brought great convenience for measurement, electronic total station is set distance, angle, measuring height and automatic data processing of intelligent instruments in one, widely used in construction survey of high-level, large-scale housing construction.A. Total station.The total station instrument, namely the total station electronic tacheometer. Is a set of light, machine, electricity as one of the high-tech measuring instruments, is the set of horizontal angle, vertical angle, distance (distance,horizontal distance), height measurement functions in one instrument of Surveying and mapping system. The total station instrument has the advantages of high measuring precision, instrument integration, automation and intelligent degree and other advantages, has been widely used in various engineering in construction survey. Total station 3D coordinate measuring system is composed of electronic measurement, electronic distance measuring, computing and data storage unit, the measurement results can be displayed automatically, and multifunctional measuring instrument and equipment trade places. Because the total station electronic tacheometer is perfect to achieve electronic and integration of measurement and process, so people also often referred to as the total station electronic tacheometer or total station.B. Characteristics of two, the total station instrument1, Total station with its own data processing system, as long as a sighting reflecting prism; can quickly detect horizontal angle, vertical angle and slant range, automatically calculate the coordinates and elevation measurement, and can record the measurement and calculation of data.2, Through standard communication interface of total station instrument host, can realize data communication electronic total station and computer or other peripheral devices, which makes the measurement data acquisition, management, calculation and drawing form a perfect automatic measurement system.The measurement and calculation to control total station3, With total station instrument microprocessor, can realize the meteorological correction, traverse, ago, resection, detail survey and construction lofting calculation task. And because the calculation is done automatically by the total station; i.e. line process is not at all affected by man-made factors.4, The total station instrument can automatically read distance value, as long as the erecting prism alignment of total station total station instrument lens, we can read the measured distance, and can automatically calculate the theoretical data, with distance automatic and fast characteristics.5, In the use of coordinate, the angle difference and setting-out length will be shown on the instrument screen, operation is very convenient, especially in leveling, total station a station can complete the traditional level 10 station and 50 station work, than "traditional measuring instruments" can save 2\/3 time, manpower can be saved 1\/2.C. Application of three, the total station instrument in housing construction in the construction survey1. The composite initial dataThe first step is to review the measurement work, city of the proposed building wire around the coordinates and elevation of initial data. At this stage, two test back angle, distance to city traverse points can be a total stationinstrument, measurement data accuracy can meet the measurement requirements, can be used as reference plane control network layout of the project construction and initial data. Specific methods are as follows:(1) Two N1, N2 selects the city control network. N1 as the test site and on the erection of total station instrument, the N2 as the goal point, erecting prism in the above.(2) Of the total station of, leveling, and set the parameters of the instrument.(3) The instrument sighting direction value is set to zero. Total station for many times ranging and horizontal angle measurement and display its average value according to the requirements of the times.In general, covers an area of broad, huge amount of city buildings between initial conductor control data of the distance between the two wires, when the distance of 200-300 meters, using common optical instrument to observe the easy to cause the error, if the observation is not only convenient to use total station, and the precision is high.2. Through the establishment of plane coordinate controlPlane control network is the basis of building location, its principle is the overall local control, high control precision and low accuracy. Coordinate lofting function using the total station instrument can be accurate, convenient location out of plane control network of the whole building, and then encrypted intoarchitectural grid square. The specific methods are as follows:(1)Aaccording to the construction drawings, calculate the coordinates of the control points and other points to be lofting.(2) Two city control network N1, N2 selection, the known coordinates. The N2 as a test site, N1 as a viewpoint. The total station instrument rack at point N2, a prism holder in the view N1 point, prism another with rod to the placement ofa measuring staff, their locations should follow the operator command.(3) Of the total station to neutralize the leveling, set the instrument parameters.(4) Coordinate lofting mode, input the measured coordinates of the site, equipment, high.(5) Into the set state azimuth coordinate point of view, after the input. After the accurate view prism center, instrument according to the measurement site and point coordinate, will be automatically completed view azimuth equipment.(6) Once again into the coordinate lofting mode, input coordinates lofting points.(7) Rotating instrument alidade, the display so that horizontal angle reading is zero. At this point, take the alidade direction is the direction of the point to be measured. Sighting with measuring prism (near the setting-out point), by measuring the control time, instrument display input in advance to be settingvalue and measured value of difference, namely "display = measured values - setting value".(8) According to the displayed value, measuring personnel command to prism along the sighting direction prism with measuring, display on the screen until the observation value is within the error range.(9) In the bolt rod to indicate the location of buried inscribed with "+" silk, bolt will be fixed by cement mortar.Setting-out work using traditional theodolite, ruler, line sinkers, instrument, performed by theodolite dial angle, direction and the ruler measuring. By using the coordinate lofting total station instrument can effectively support the traditional shortcomings of lofting work, greatly reduce the station number in the measuring process, can be directly lofting and recording work save site.3, Through the triangle elevation ranging in height controlHeight measurement in the whole survey work in the heavy workload, but also an important part of surveying work, accurate elevation control using distance measurement model of total station instrument. Specific methods are as follows:(1) Of the total station in the vicinity of the standard BM1 frame.(2) The two with a prism rod, a vertical at point BM1, another upright in measuring elevation point.(3) Of the total station to enter, leveling, distance measurement model, respectively measure instrument to BM1 point of the horizontal distance, distance and height of H1 and instrument to calculate the horizontal distance, distance and height h2.(4) If the rod 1 and rod height 2, calculating the point A is: HA=BM1 (elevation) +h2-h1. if the instrument to probe 1 measured height is negative, H1 variable symbol "+". Both sides of the height of the pole is not consistent, if greater than 1 bar 2 bar a difference, two pole height minus the difference, or additive.(5) Through the level set, the elevation of A of test to another location surface.The traditional control method has the disadvantages of heavy workload, easy to cause the error. Elevation control by trigonometric leveling of total station location method of construction operation, less interference, small workload, surveying speed.4, Deviation of the slope and nearby buildings and settlement observationLarge engineering slope supporting difficulty is big, high safety coefficient. Therefore, an important part of a regular inspection and measurement of the. The method is: first of all around the foundation pit sideline did not even set up3 monitoring points; then select two can also reference point, the coordinates and elevation has identified (both known 3D coordinates), the point of total station instrument is arranged on, another point as the point of view, can be regularly measured 3D coordinate monitoring points, comparison and analysis.5, The conclusionApplication of total station instrument in the measurement of housing construction, greatly facilitate the measurement of vertical observation and control plane, elevation of buildings; the construction lofting precision and accuracy has been greatly improved, many advantages it is not replaced by other measuring instruments. Therefore, we should strengthen the popularization and application of total station instrument; armed with modern science and technology building surveying work, to better ensure the quality of housing construction.。