专四单选精选(详解)

专四单选精选（详解）

1.His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any__1__of it at all.

A. explanation

B. meaning

C. sense

D. interpretation

C) 【句意】他的答案很不清楚，我根本弄不懂。

【难点】sense意为“意义；含义”,短语make sense of意为“弄懂…的意思”；explanation意为“解释，说明，阐述”，侧重说明事件的真相、原因；meaning意为“意义，意思；含义”，但不能在make sense of

短语中代替sense；interpretation意为“解释，说明，阐明”，比较正式。

2. You should have your eyes tested every year in case the__2__of your spectacles need changing.

A. lenses

B. glasses

C. sights

D. crystals

A) 【句意】你应该每年检查一次自己的眼睛，因为你的眼镜镜片也许需要更换。

【难点】lenses意为“镜片”；glasses意为“眼镜”；sights意为“视野；风景”；crystals意为“水晶，晶体”。

3. The school committee hoped that their choice of play would be__3__with the students and their parents.

A. recognized

B. popular

C. favorable

D. fascinated

B) 【句意】校董会希望他们选择的那出剧会受到孩子和家长的欢迎。

【难点】popular意为“讨人喜欢的；得人心的；受欢迎的”。recognized意为“被赏识的；受表彰的”。favorable意为“赢得赞许的；讨人喜欢的”，但后面不能接with。fascinated意为“被迷住的，被弄得神魂颠倒的”

4. By cutting down trees we__4__the natural home of birds and animals.

A. harm

B. hurt

C. injure

D. damage

D) 【句意】我们砍伐树木的行为损坏了鸟兽的自然家园。

【难点】damage意为“加害于…，损伤…”；harm意为“对…有害”；hurt意为“疼痛，受伤，(精神上)伤害”；injure意为“使受伤”，身体受外力伤害。

5. Mr. Robinson knew that the most trivial chore could prove to be a __5__if approached with enthusiasm.

A. prize

B. reward

C. refund

D. bonus

B) 【句意】罗宾逊先生知道，如果带着热情去做，最琐碎的家务也能证明是一种报偿。【难点】reward意为“报答；奖赏”；prize意为“奖金，奖品”；refund意为“退款”；bonus意为“奖金，红利”。

1. Agriculture is the country's chief source of wealth,wheat__1__by far the biggest cereal crop.

A. is

B. been

C. be

D. being

D 参考译文：农业是这个国家财富主要的来源，其中小麦是最主要的谷类作物。

【试题分析】本题考查对非谓语动词的掌握。

【详细解答】这是一个独立主格结构。wheat前用逗号，且没有连词，表示这一句起补充说明作用，该空不能用动词的形式，则being为唯一之选。

2. Jack__2__from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.

A. has been missing

B. has been missed

C. had been missing

D. was missed

参考译文：到目前为止，杰克已经失踪两天了，我开始担心他的安全。

【试题分析】本题考查时态的用法。

【详细解答】由句中时间状语“for some time now”可知，这里要用现在完成时；选项A为现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某一时间一直持续到现在，故为正确答案

3. Above the trees are the hills,__3__ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.

A. where

B. of whose

C. whose

D. which

C 参考译文：树的后面有小山，它的壮丽景色在河面上真实地反射出来。

【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查关系代词的用法。

【详细解答】这是一个定语从句，此处缺少一个关系代词。whose 指代前面的hills,whose magnificence表示它的壮丽景色。

4. Who__4__was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?

A you said B. did you say C. did you say that D. you did say

B 参考译文：你说今天下午谁会到办公室找我？

【试题分析】本题考查插入语的用法。

【详细解答】did you say是一个插入语。比如说Who do you think is the best teacher in our school? 即你认为谁是我们学校最好的老师？

5. —Does Alan like hamburgers?

—Yes. So much __5__that he eats them almost every day.

A. for

B. as

C. to

D. so

D 参考译文：---艾伦喜欢汉堡包吗？---喜欢，以至于他几乎每天吃。

【试题分析】本题考查连词的用法。

【详细解答】这句话实际上是(He likes Hamburgers) so much so that he eats them almost every day. 连词“so that”如此...以致。

1. The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows when he acquired the use of the

_____.

A. latter

B. latest

C. later

D. last

考点：易混淆词

辨析：latter ---后面的，后者的，末尾的

latest ---最新消息，最新式样；最近的

later --- 后来的，后来，过后

last ---最后，上次；最后的人（物）；刚过去的

2. It will take us twenty minutes to go to the railway station, _____ traffic delays.

A. acknowledging

B. affording

C. allowing for

D. accounting for

辨析：acknowledge --- 承认感谢答应

They acknowledged having been defeated.

afford --- 买得起，经受得住，承担得起；提供，给予

allow for ---考虑到，顾及: allow for the circumstances

考虑到具体情况/ The journey usually takes six days but you should allow for delays caused by bad weather. 这段旅程通常需要6天，但你应当考虑到坏天气造成的延误。

account for ---说明，证明，对…负责: He is ill, that accounts for his absence. / How do you account for the accident?

3. He will have to _____ his indecent behavior one day.

A. answer to

B. answer for

C. answer back

D. answer about

辨析：answer to --- have the name of: The dog answer to the name of Tom. /correspond to: The man does not answer to the description given. / This dictionary answers precisely to our needs.

answer for --- be responsible for 对…负责，因…而受罚: You will answer for your wrong doing one day.

answer back ---顶嘴

4. With _____ exception, the former president does not appear in public now.

A. rare

B. unusual

C. extraordinary

D. unique

考点：同义词

辨析：rare --- something that is rare does not happen often: The disease is rare, but very dangerous. / On the rare occasions when I do go to the theatre, I really enjoy it.

unusual --- not usual, common, or ordinary. different from what usually happens: We had a thunderstorm last night, which is unusual in the time of the year.

extraordinary --- highly exceptional; remarkable 异常的;特别的,破例的;非凡的: extraordinary weather; / a man of extraordinary genius

unique --- unusual; being the only one of its kind [use this word especially about things or people that you think are extremely good]: The exhibition provides a unique opportunity to see all of the artist's work.

When we express "almost never", we have such words as hardly ever; rarely, seldom.

When we refer to "not what usually happens" we often use such words as unusual,special, exceptional, or uncommon.

5. We have been hearing _____ accounts of your work.

A. favored

B. favorable

C. favorite

D. favoring

辨析：favored --- showing more favor to one (person, etc.) than to another:受优待的

favorable --- giving or showing approval; helpful赞同的;称赞的[(+to)] 2. 有利的,顺利的,适合的[(+for/to): a favorable report on one's work; / Is he favorable to the proposal?

favorite --- liked or preferred above all others; regarded with special favor:

favoring --- supporting

1. He plays tennis to the _____ of all other sports.

A. eradication

B. exclusion

C. extension

D. inclusion

辨析：to the exclusion of是词组排除掉，把…排除在外

Eradication 根除，消灭。是eradicate[= put an end to]的名词

能与extension构成词组的结构是the extension of（延长）如: the extension of education 教育普及；the extension of a treaty条约有效期的延长；an extension to a factory 工厂的扩建部分inclusion 与inclusion 成对，能构成的词组有the inclusion of, 如：I do not agree to the inclusion of Sally in the party.

2. She answered with an _____ "No" to the request that she attend the public hearing.

A. eloquent

B. effective

C. emotional

D. emphatic

eloquent ---雄辩的,有说服力的富于表现的

effective --- striking

emotional --- of or relating to emotion:

emphatic ---强调的,着重的2. 加强语气的3. 引人注目的;有力的

3. Everyone who has visited the city agrees that it is _____ with life.

A. vibrant

B. violent

C. energetic

D. full

vibrant --- vigorous, lively, and vital 1.振动的;颤动的2. 振响的;响亮的3. 充满生气的;活跃的[(+with) :

energetic --- active and able to work hard 精力旺盛的;精神饱满的2. 有力的;积极的: He is an energetic boy.

full --- filled completely: a man full of new ideas

4. We met Mary and her husband at a party two months ago, _____ we've had no further communication.

A. Thereof

B. Thereby

C. Thereafter

D. Thereabouts

辨析：thereof --- from that cause or origin;there from 其，关于那，由此,因此

Thereby --- by that means; because of that 因此,由此,从而，在那件事上

thereafter-- 之后，此后

thereabouts ---在附近，大约

5. At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not _____.

A. on view

B. at a glance

C. on the scene

D. in sight

辨析：on view --- placed so as to be seen; exhibited

at a glance --- at a quick look

on the scene --- on the place where an action or event occurs

in sight --- able to be seen

1. Jimmy earns his living by _____ works of art in the museum.

A. recovering

B. restoring

C. renewing

D. reviving

recover --- restore (oneself) to a normal state 恢复: She soon recovered herself and stopped crying. recover one's health; recover from fatigue [illness]

restore --- bring back to an original condition: restore a building; The picture was cleverly restored. renew --- make new or as if new again; restore: renew the antique chair; a coat renewed in places; renew one's friendship with sb.

revive --- return to validity, effectiveness, or operative condition: The fresh air soon revived him. revive an old custom.

选B

2. I couldn't sleep last night because the tap in the bathroom was _____.

A. draining

B. dropping

C. spilling

D. dripping

drain --- cause liquid to go out from; empty：drained the bathtub; drain the pond. 排出(液体);使流出[(+away/off/out)] 2. 排掉(土地,容器等的)水

drop --- fall in drops 使滴下2. 丢下,扔下;降低3. 【口】下(车);卸(货)[O] 4. 丢弃;中断

spill --- accidentally pour something onto something: Water spilled from the pail. The ink has spilt on the desk.

drip --- slowly and steadily falls one drop after another: Water is dripping from that leaky faucet. The boy dripped with rain. In the intense heat, sweat was dripping into his eyes, making it hard to see.

选D

3. The book gives a brief _____ of the course of his research up till now.

A. outline

B. reference

C. frame

D. outlook

outline --- a statement summarizing the important points of a text

reference --- a work frequently used as a source 提及;涉及[(+to)] 2. 参考,参照;参考文献;出处frame --- a general structure or system

outlook --- a point of view; an attitude

In short, we usually use the word such as summary or outline to refer to a short statement giving the main ideas or facts of something

答案：A

4. She was standing outside in the snow, _____ with cold.

A. spinning

B. shivering

C. skating

D. staggering

spin --- cause to rotate swiftly; twirl

shiver --- shake because you feel cold

skate --- move on a pair of sharp-edged steel blades to be fastened to a boot for moving smoothly

over ice.

stagger ---蹒跚

答案：B

In short, we usually use the word such as shake, tremble or shiver to refer to the situation when someone's body, hands etc. shakes because you are frightened,

nervous, angry orfeel cold, for example:

My hands were shaking so much I could hardly write.

That dog sat trembling in the corner.

Julia shivered and pulled her coat more tightly around her.

5. All the rooms on the second floor have nicely _____ carpets, which are included in the price of the house.

A. adapted

B. equipped

C. suited

D. fitted

adapt --- make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation.

equip --- supply with necessities such as tools or provisions.

suit --- make appropriate or suitable; adapt

fit --- put into place

答案：D

Generally speaking, we usually use such words as put in, install, fit, when referring to"to put equipment in a place and make it ready to be used". For example:The workmen are coming to put in the new windows today.

The company is installing a new computer system.

All the new cars are fitted with alarms.

We decided to fit bars to the ground floor windows.

1. It was suggested that all government ministers should _____ information on their financial interests.

A discover

B uncover

C tell

D disclose

discover --- reveal or expose 发现

? uncover --- manifest or disclose; reveal:打开盖子，揭露

? tell --- discover by observation; discern:

? disclose --- make known 使露出,使显露2. 揭发;透露;公开，使公开

答案：D

2. As my exams are coming next week, I'll take advantage of the weekend to _____ on some reading.

A catch up

B clear up

C make up

D pick up

?catch up on --- bring an activity nearer to completion: I must catch up on my correspondence. ? clear up --- make tidy: Clear up this litter at once.

? make up --- make up for, make up along, make up over, make up to

? pick up --- take into the mind and understand, typically with speed: picked up on the new approach and applied it to the project.

答案：D

3. I'm surprised they are no longer on speaking terms. It's not like either of them to bear a

_____.

A. disgust

B. curse

C. grudge

D. hatred

?disgust –厌恶，恶心；使厌恶，使作呕

arouse [ awaken / cause / evoke] disgust; feel disgust; hide disgust; return disgust;show disgust; take a disgust

? curse --- 诅咒咒骂；求上帝降祸于某人的话

call down curse; give curse; heap curses on; pronounce a curse on

? grudge ---怀恨，怨恨；v吝啬

: bear a grudge about the accident: bear a grudge

? hatred ---憎恨，憎恶; bear hatred against sb.;conceive a profound hatred for; create hatred; feel hatred; hold a special hatred for;

have a hatred for

4. Mary hopes to be _____ from hospital next week.

A. dismissed

B. discharged

C. expelled

D. resigned

dismiss ---开除，遣散，不理会，不考虑；驳回;: be dismissed from school [service / class] discharge --- release, as from confinement, care, or duty: discharge a patient; discharge a soldier; be discharged from hospital [military service / from prison / office]

expel ---驱逐: expelled the student from college for cheating: be expelled from a country [school] resign ---辞去（职务）, especially by formal notification: resign from cabinet [committee] The professor resigned from his university. Resign … to

5. Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite _____.

A. invaluable

B. priceless

C. unworthy

D. worthless

辨析：?invaluable ---; priceless: . 非常贵重的,无价的;无法估价的

priceless --- invaluable. . 贵重的,无价的;稀世之珍的

unworthy --- lacking value or merit; worthless --- a man unworthy of honor; unworthy . 不值得的;不配的;与...不相称的[(+of)][+to-v] 2. 无价值的;拙劣的

of the times in which we live; unworthy to attention [unworthy of]

worthless --- lacking worth; 无价值的;无用的;不重要的: The goods are often worthless by the time they arrive.

[注意]：invaluable 不是valuable的反义词。表示某物毫无价值时用worthless 或not worth anything : I started collecting his pictures when they weren’t worth anything.

1. Attendances at basketball matches have____ since the coming of television.

A dropped in

B dropped down

C dropped off

D dropped out

C.drop off减少，drop down卧倒，drop out 排出,掉出

2. The meeting_____ at midnight and we all went home.

A broke through

B stopped off

C stopped up

D broke up

2D.break up结束，break through突破，stop up=stay up, stop off中途下车

3. How long did it take you to realize he was dishonest? I ___ from the start.

A looked him through

B saw through him

C look forward to him

D saw him through

B see through sb 看穿某人，see sb through帮助某人度过难关

4.In the coming term she will ____ the advanced class.

A take advantage of

B take an account of

C take charge of

D take care of

C take charge of掌管,负责，take an account of 把……列表，take advantage of sb 欺骗某人

5. The clouds have_______ the sun.

A blocked in

B blocked off

C blocked out

D blocked up

C block out封闭，block in填塞，堵塞，block off阻断，堵塞

1.The boy was ______ the charge of stealing.

A. cleared of

B. clear away

C. cleaned of

D. cleaned out

选A. clear of证实(某人在某方面)无罪,常用于被动语态.

clear away消除(某事物)或(云)消失clean of洗去污垢

clean out清扫,打扫干净

2. We are considering ___ the production process.

A. recognize

B. recognized

C. recognizing

D. to recognize

选C. consider作"考虑"后面的动词常为动名词形式.

3. Rather than ___ me, he simply got up early to wash the clothes himself.

A. disturb

B. disturbing

C. to disturb

D. disturbed

选A. rather than用于平行结构中与两个形容词,两个状语词组,两个名词或代词,两个不定式或ing形式连用.在此句中,它连接两个不定式.

4. You'll have to be strict with your students. They quickly get_________.

A. on hand

B. out of hand

C. off hand

D. by hand

选B out of hand无法控制on hand手头上现有off hand立刻

by hand 手工做的

5. He inquired______ her husband's health in her letter.

A. after

B. into

C. for

D. about

选A inquire after 问起(某人的)健康inquire about 询问

inquire into 调查,查问inquire for 询问(商品),地点

1.First published in 1927, the charts remain an _______ source for researchers.

A intelligent

B indispensable

C inevitable

D identical

选B indispensable( 必不可少的,必需的) to do sth, indispensable for sth/ doing sth 不可缺少的,必需的

inevitable 不可避免的，必然发生的

identical同一的,identical to/with sb/sth与……完全相同的

2. Please___ dictionaries when you are not sure of word spelling or meaning.

A search

B seek

C inquire

D consult

选D consult with sb 与某人商量,consult查阅

3. It ____ you to at least 50% off the regular price of either frames or lenses when you buy both.

A credits

B entitles

C presents

D tips

选B entitle sb to sth(用于被动语态) 给某人获得某事物或权利

4. The __ at the military academy is so rigid that students can hardly bear it.

A confinement

B convention

C discipline

D principle

C discipline 训练方式,处罚;confinement限制，监禁;convention大会

5. Doctors warned agaisnt chewing tobacco as a _____ for smoking.

A succession

B substitute

C revival

D relief

B substitute 代替, 替用品revival恢复，苏醒

1. It was the first time that such a __ had to be taken at a British nuclear power station.

A presentation

B preparation

C prediction

D precaution

D precaution 预防措施或方法

I took the precaution of looking everything in the safe.

presentation 赠送，演出

2.The test results are beyond__; they have been repeated in labs all over the world.

A conflict

B dispute

C bargain

D negotiation

B dispute 争论，辩论，质疑bargain谈判

3. The group of technicians are engaged in a study which __ all aspects of urban planning.

A embraces

B performs

C inserts

D grips

A embrace拥抱，包括

grip紧抓，吸引(某人的)注意力，常用于被动语态

4. __ that he wan't happy with the arrangements. I tried to book a different hotel.

A Puzzling

B Penetrating

C Perceiving

D Persevering

C penetrating 思想敏锐的，有洞察力的，（声音）响亮的

preceive观察，注意到perserving 坚持的，不屈不挠的

5.His business, was very successful, but it was at the __ of his family life.

A exhaustion

B consumption

C credit

D expense

D at the expense of 以……为代价

1.She managed to save__ she could out of her wages to help her brother.

A how little money

B so little money

C such little money

D what little money

D. what + little + n 表“所仅有的”

2. The statue would be perfect but for a few small__ in its base.

A mistakes

B weakness

C flaws

D errors

C flaw“缺陷，瑕疵，裂痕”There is only a flaw in his argument.

mistake和error强调的是“错误”，weakness“弱点”

3. The morning news says a school bus__ with a train at the junction and a group of policmen were sent there immediately.

A bumped

B collided

C crashed

D struck

B collide 碰撞，撞The two cars collided, but luckily no one was seriously hurt.

strike打，袭击，攻击He struck the boy a violent blow.

bump碰，冲撞，偶遇I bumped into an old friend of mine on the road.

crash碰撞，坠落The car crashed into a tree.

4. The screaming of a woman____ our attention back_____ the TV program.

A paid...at

B got...on

C called...to

D drew...over

C call(draw) one's attention to 将某人的注意力吸引到……

pay attention to 注意，重视Please pay attention to your spellings

5. This typerwriter is____ your service.

A at

B in

C on

D under

A at one's service 听候某人吩咐，听凭某人使用．（其他没有如此搭配）

1. We are writing to the manager_ _the repairs recently carried out at the above address.

A with the exception

B with the purpose of

C with reference to

D with a view to

C with reference to 关于，根据

with a view to 以……为目标，指望于

2.Then the speaker__ the various factors leading to the present economic crisis.

A went after

B went into

C went for

D went on

go into讨论，议论，详述They went into it for several hours, without much satisfaction on either side.

go for袭击，抨击His opponent went for him when his back was turned.

go on进行，发生If you never read newspaper, you’ll never know what’s going on in the world.

3.Theory is based on practice and __ serves and guides practice.

A in turn

B by turns

C in return

D taking turns

in turn 依次，反过来They speak in turn.

in return 作为回报I helped her repair her bike, and she treated me to a cup of coffee in return.

by turns 轮流They laughed and cried by turns.

take turns (at ) doing sth 轮流做某事

The three brothers took turns (at) looking after their mother.

4. We hadn't realized that there would be a power cut so we were astonished(惊异的) when the whole house was__ into darkness.

A dropped

B dived

C drowned

D plunged

plunge into陷于某种状态The country was plunged into a war.

5. The school committee naturally hope that their choice of play will be __ with the school and parents.

A content

B pleased

C favorable

D popular

be popular with受到……的喜爱

be content with对某事感到满足We are not content with our present achievement.

be pleased with 对……感到满意，高兴I am very pleased with he has done.

Favorable 顺利的，有利的The weather is favorable to us for a start.

1．The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and __ him of speed.

A charged

B accused

C blamed

D warned

accuse of 指控某人犯……罪He was accused of corruption. 堕落;腐化;贪污;贿赂

charge with指控某人犯……罪He was charged with negligence of duty.

blame sb for 因……埋怨，责怪Movies have been blamed for the crime wave.

warn sb of 警告，告戒某人He was warned of the danger

2．The public opinion was that the time was not__ for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.

A reasonable

B ripe

C ready

D practical

ripe引申为“时机成熟的，准备好的”I won't tell her the news until the time is ripe for it.

ready for做好准备的Are you ready for the journey?

3. The managing director took the __ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.

A guilt

B blame

C charge

D accusation

take the blame for sth对某事负责，内疚We are ready to take the blame for that.

4. Barry had an advantage over his mother__ he could speak French.

A since that

B in that

C at that

D so that

in that 由于，因为Human beings are superior to animals in that they can use language as a tool to communicate.

5. Very few scientists__ completely new answers to the world's problems.

A come up with

B come out

C come round

D come up to

come up with提出，提供He claimed to have been the first to come up with that idea.

come out 出现，显露，出版，发表When will his new book come out?

come round/ around 顺便来访，改变主意He will never come round to our way of thinking. come up to达到，符合Only in this way will you come up to the Party's expectations.

1. The political future of the president is now hanging by a __.

A thread

B cord

C string

D rope

四个选项都有“绳索”这个意思，但只有thread和hang by构成习语：

hang by a thread千钧一发，危在旦夕

2. The question is still__ discussion.

A in

B by

C for

D under

be+ prep+n（表动作的名词）来表示“被动”而under discussion是习惯搭配

3. We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we began to__.

A ascend

B descend

C decline

D plunge

B descend 指人，物体从某一高度/斜面上“下来/降”On turning the co rner, we saw that the road descended sharply.

decline 强调权利，繁荣，成就，健康状况，体力，记忆，数量的“减少，衰落”His influence declined after he lost the election.

ascend渐渐上升，descend的反义词。We watched the balloon ascend higher and higher.

plunge使突然前倾或下降The sudden application of the brakes plunged him forward.

enhance 增加，提高The moonlight enhanced the beauty of the scene.

4. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must__ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.

A improve

B enhance

C guarantee

D gear

gear to使……适合，配合We must gear the amount of products we make to the increase in public demand. 现在来分析题目.题中的To……,是目的状语.而we 是主语,gear.to是谓语,而the qualitiesand varieties of products 是宾语,而we make是来修饰这个宾语的,the world-market demand是宾补.句子的大致意思就是说我们必须根据市场的需求制造商品,才能在市场上立足.

5. There has been a __ lack of communication between the union and the management.

A regretful

B regrettable

C regretting

D regretted

regrettable 可惜的regretful后悔的，抱歉的

1. I have no doubt that __ all of these people were taught in school that the earth revolves around the sun.

A virtually

B remarkably

C ideally

D preferably

virtually 实际上,几乎Virtually the queen rules the Kingdom instead of the King. remarkable 值得注意的;非凡的;卓越的

2. The story that follows__ two famous characters of the Rocky Mountain gold rush days.

A concerns

B states

C proclaims

D relates

concern “关于”=be about.

This story concerns a good girl and a wicked fairy.

state陈述,叙述The book states the case for women’s rights very clearly.

proclaim宣布,宣告The ringing bells proclaimed the news of the birth of the prince.

3. Tom__ better than to ask Dick for help.

A shall know

B shouldn't know

C has known

D should have known

know better than to do sth 明白事理而不至于……

You ought to know better than to go swimming on such a cold day.

4. The schoolmaster __ the girl’s bravery in his opening speech.

A applauded

B enhanced

C elevated

D clapped

applaud 称赞，赞许The teacher applauded his brave spirit.

enhance提高，增强，clap鼓掌。elevate举起，提高The fresh morning air elevated him.

5. The head of the Museum was __ and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts.

A promising

B agreeing

C pleasing

D obliging

obliging 乐于助人的，有礼貌的

The United States and Australia were not so obliging.The two countries banned the import of

British beef as early as 1988.

1.We mustn't relax our vigilance(警戒;警觉;警惕)___

A in the least

B at least

C at most

D in the end

①in the least 丝毫，一点They don’t in least understan d this.

②in the end 最后，终于

In the end they reached their destination before dusk.

③at least至少④at most至多

2. During the reading lesson, the teacher asked the students to read a few __ from the novel.

A pieces

B essays

C fragments

D extracts

①extract 做节录，引文，选段

He applied to the publisher for permission to reprint an extract.

②fragment 碎片，断片，（文艺作品等的）残存部分

Liberty and civilization are only fragments of rights wrung from the strong hands of wealth and book learning.

③essay 散文，小品文，随笔，短文，评论

3. But they also __ beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a whole.

A pass

B reach

C go

D set

go beyond超过，超出These issues go beyond the range of language study.而set和pass，reach不与beyond搭配。

4. How human beings and their environment act __ each other.

A upon

B for

C as

D to

①act upon作用于This drug act upon (on) the nerves.

②act as 作为……而作出反应，充当

His job was to act as a link between the government and the press.

③work at从事She had been wondering what she should work at in order to gain her doctorate.

5. The mere fact __ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.

A what

B which

C that

D why

从句子结构来看，fact后接的是同位语从句。

1. His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in __ with his income.

A comparison

B proportion

C association

D calculation

A ①in comparison with 与……比较起来（可比相同点或不同点）The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with those of New York.

②in proportion to 与……成比例The insolence of the vulgar is in proportion to their ignorance: they treat everything with contempt which they do not understand.

③in association with与……联合，与……共同They finished the work in association with their friends.

2. The President made his last public __ before his term of office ended.

A appearance

B engagement

C gathering

D meeting

make one’s last appearance 最后一次露面

3. There is no much time left, so I'll tell you about it__.

A in detail

B in brief

C in short

D in all

B ①in brief简短地，简言之②in short总之，用在表总结的场合You can’t make me! I won’t do it! In short, no!

4. The population is leveling __ in the area as a result of family planning.

A with

B off

C up

D against

①level off达到平衡，稳定

Prices leveled off after the inflation ended.

②level with和……一样，坦率诚实地对待

She leveled with him and felt better forit.

③level up 使……升高，到同一个平面上，提高

We should level the output of our factory up to that of the advanced. ④level against对某人提出（控告）Some of the criticisms leveled against us are not altogether fair.

5. The rain was heavy and __ the land was flooded.

A consequently

B continuously

C constantly

D consistently

根据句子的意思，可以看出and前后表因果关系，所以选consequently表因此。continuously,连续不断地constantly,不断地,时常地

consistently,一贯地,固守地

1. The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers' fears were completely(彻底地)__.

A unjustified

B unjust

C misguided

D unaccepted

justified做“有根据的，正确的”If the subject matter is justified,and the city is threatened with a likely flood.所以unjustified就是"没有根据的,没有必要的"

2. The river is already __ its banks because of excessive rainfall, and the city is threatened with a likely flood

A parallel to

B level in

C flat on

D flush with

①flush with 齐平，同高These cupboards are flush with the wall.

②parallel to平行，类似My feelings in this matter are parallel to yours. ③level in同等，获同样成功The two girls are just about level in mathematics. ④flat平坦的，一般不与介词on搭配The surface of most tables is flat.

3. The ratio of the work done by the machine __ the work done on it is called the efficiency of the machine.

A against

B with

C to

D for

ratio表两者之间的“比率或比例”常与to搭配The ratio of 10 to 5 is 2 to 1.

4. We have done things we ought not to have done and __ undone things we ought to have done.

A leaving

B will leave

C left

D leave

此处and连接的应该是和第一个done并列的过去分词。

5. During the famine, many people were __ to going without food for days.

A sunk

B reduced

C forced

D declined

be reduced to doing sth不得不做某事He was reduced to begging in the streets.

1. The car was in good working__ when I bought it in a few months ago.

A order

B form

C state

D circumstance

A ①order作“状态”

②form作“形态，形状，方式，外型”Which literary form do you like best?

③state 状态，状况，情形The child was in a state of neglect.

④circumstance情况，情形.

order和state的区别.state一般指思想,社会,道路,健康等情况.而这里的working order指的是机器,所以用order比较好.

2. In order to repair barns, build fences, grow crops, and care for animals a farmer must

indeed be__.

A restless

B skilled

C strong

D versatile

①versatile 多才多艺的He is a versatile athlete.

②restless不安定的，焦虑的，烦躁的Americans are historically a restless and mobile people.而skilled相对versatile"多才多艺的"l来说,versatile更恰当.这个句子主要强调的是一个农民的多种技能.

3. The policemen went into action__ they heard the alarm.

A promptly

B presently

C quickly

D directly

四个都是副词，但directly还可作连词，等同于as soon as，一……就……

4. He was __ to tell the truth even to his closed friend.

A too much of a coward

B too much the coward

C a coward enough

D enough of a coward

much of a 非常的…….(这个短语很重要)

5. The team's efforts to score were__ by the opposing goalkeeper.

A frustrated

B prevented

C discouraged

D accomplished

frustrate 挫败，阻挠，使感到灰心.frustrate在郎文词典中第二条是这样解释的.to prevent sb's plans, efforts or attempts from succeeding挫败,阻挠Their attempts to speak to him were frustrated by the guards.没特定给人使用哦.

1. Furthermore, these high-ways generally __ large urban centers.

A lead

B connect

C collect

D communicate

lead和communicate是不及物动词，后不可以接名词。而connect表“连接”，是及物动词。

2. Not far from the __ new "superhighways", these are often older, less heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside.

A relatively

B regularly

C respectively

D reasonably

根据句子，要选一个表比较意义的副词，来构成对比关系。在这里relatively=more relatively 相对地,比较而言;相当reasonably合理地;有理性地，相当地,适度地

3. Others are uneven roads__ through the country.

A driving

B crossing

C curving

D traveling

C curved (v)表“蜿蜒曲折”The road curves suddenly to the right.

4. The manager promised to keep me __ of how our business was going on.

A to be informe d

B on informing

C informed

D informing

填入的成分做宾语me的补足语，由于非谓语动词inform和me是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用过去分词做宾补。

5. The secret agent concealed her real mission, therefore many local people were__ into thinking that she was a good person.

A betrayed

B driven

C deceived

D convinced

deceive“欺骗，蒙骗”用deceive sb into doing sth欺骗某人做某事。betray背叛，出卖His accent betrays him.

1. The politician says that he will __ the welfare of the people.

A prey on

B take on

C get at

D see to

welfare 福利;幸福;健康安乐；救济事业;福利事业

①see to注意，照料

Who is seeing to the arrangement for the next meeting?

②prey on猎取食物，折磨An eagle preys on smaller birds.

③take on 承担（任务）She took on the task with great courage.

④get at够得着Could you get at the top shelf?

2. We had difficulties at first but everything worked __ smoothly in the end.

A off

B out

C away

D up

B ①work out有……好的结果I hope the new job works out for you.②work off借工作活动清除掉He often works off his anger.

③work away继续In spite of all the difficulties, she worked away at her research work.

④work up逐步形成，渐渐发展He worked up the firm from nothing.

3. There is no easy solution to Japan's labor__.

A decline

B vacancy

C rarity

D shortage

D ①shortage匮乏，缺乏The work remains unfinished owing to shortage of staff.

②vacancy （职位/位置的）空闲There is a good vacancy for a typist in the company.

③rarity（物/现象的）很少见Rain is a rarity in the Sahara.

4. This ticket__ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.

A gives

B grants

C entitles

D credits

C ①entitle赋予，给予entitle sb to sth或entitle sb to do。

If you fail three times, you are not entitled to do any more.

②give可接双宾语，但直接宾语前不用介词to：

You visits may give some comfort to the patient.

③grant同意，准予，授予grant sth (to sb)/grant sb sth：The general granted us permission to visit the military base.

④credit相信，认为Until now I have always credited you with more sense.

5. We need some sunshine; so we have__ up our minds to go abroad this year.

A set

B made

C brought

D given

B ①set one’s mind on (to) 决心要，很想要

We’ve set our minds on a visit to the Great Wall.

②bring sth to mind想起The photo brings to our mind the days we spent

together.

③give one’s mind to 注意某事物As a student, you should give your mind to study

make up one's mind 1.下定决心，打定主意

1. The mother said she would __ her son washing the dishes if he could finish his assignment before supper.

A let down

B let alone

C let off

D let out

C ①let off原谅，不处罚，放过With your record, you can hardly expect to let off lightly.

②let down使失望，食言③let alone别管，别烦Let her alone! She didn’t pick a quarrel with you.

④let out让……离开Open the door and let the cat out

2. This kind of material can __ heat and moisture.

A delete

B compel

C constrain

D repel

D ①delete消去，删除Delete his name from the list of applicants.②compel强迫，迫使（运用权利/力量对方采取行动）He was compelled by illness to give up his studies.

③constrain 限制，约束（强调内心情感），后接不定式His activities must be constrained.④repel 排斥，抵制，防，抗We should not repel but protect young people’s enthusiasm.

3. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially __ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.

A one

B the one

C that

D such

A 依语意以句子结构，此处需要一个代词，表泛指，则选one;而the one表特指Please get the chair

for me, the one in the corner.

4. In order to raise money, Aunt Nicola had to __ with some of her most treasured possessions.

A divide

B separate

C part

D abandon

C ①part 不及物动词“分别，离别”Scarcely an hour has passed since we parted.②divide分，划分Is the land to be divided up or sold as a whole?③separate使……分离④abandon抛弃，放弃The order was given to abandon ship.

5. The new appointment of our president __ from the very beginning of next semester.

A takes effect

B takes part

C takes place

D takes turns

①take effect（药物）见效，（法律等）生效The new system of taxation will take effect next May.②take part参加③take place发生，举行④take turns轮流，依次

1. The scene is so beautiful that it__ my power of description.

A transports

B transfers

C transcends

D transforms

C ①transcend“超越，超出”There is nothing t hat seems to transcend the limits of unaided human intelligence.

②transform“改变，改造”.③transport “传送，运输”④transfer “转移，移动，转让”

2. There are nations whose lack of contact with the outside world has __ poverty.

A fallen into

B consisted in

C resulted in

D come up to

C ①result in “终归，结果是”Love results in marriage, naturally.

②fall into “归入，掉入，陷入”All changes of matter may fall into two kinds: physical changes and chemical changes.③consist in “在于，存在于”The beauty of Venice consists in the style of its an ancient buildings.

④come up to “达到，接近”The water came up to my waist.

3. The pressure__ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

A to compete

B competing

C to be competed

D having competed

A这道题目考的是“名词后接不定式”。相关名词是pressure, ambition, campaign,drive, intention, need, reason, right, struggle, tendency, time, way和wish.

4. Visitors are asked to __ with the regulations.

A contrast

B consult

C comply

D conflict

C ①contrast with “与……形成对比，和……形成对照”Blue and yellow contrast prettily in design.

②consult with “请教，向……咨询”If relief does not occur within three days, discontinue use and consult with your physician.

③comply with “听从，顺从，照做”You must comply with the library rules.

④conflict with “冲突”Do your national laws confl ict with any international laws?

5. To__ the situation, the president of the university put a series of new policies into practice.

A measure

B conflict

C counter

D efficiency

C ①counter “应对，反击，对付”They countered our proposal with one of their own.②measure 测量③efficiency效率，功效We will try to raise the efficiency of labor.

1. There is nothing in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to__ a difference.

A display

B indicate

C demonstrate

D appear

①indicate标志，表示，表明What country is indicated by the name has not yet been determined.

②demonstrate说明，论证，演示，表露，显示At that time no one could demonstrate that the earth moves around the sun.

③appear出现，显露，来到，看起来好象He may appear a fool but actually he’s quite clever.

④indicate暗示

2. The largest brain ever examined belonged to a person of weak _.

A health

B body

C mind

D thought

mind“智力”He is old but his mind is still sharp.

3. Individuals of every race _ civilization to go backward or forward.

A make

B cause

C move

D turn

B①如果选make，后面的不定式to要省略。The children were surprised when the teacher made them close their books unexpectedly.②cause使……Climbing those stairs caused her to feel faint.

4. The new government_ the foreign-owned oil fields one after another.

A took over

B took out

C took off

D took on

A①take over接收，接管He is taking over my job during my holiday.

②take out除去，删除I'll have my tooth taken out.

③take off脱去，脱掉

④take on从事，承担He has taken on many responsibilities.

5. The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased_, a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper job.

A circulation

B reproduction

C manipulation

D penetration

A①circulation销售量

②reproduction生殖，繁殖We will have a lesson on the reproduction of the rabbits this afternoon.

③manipulation操作，操纵Some people can put back a twisted joint, like the shoulder,by careful manipulation.

④penetration穿透，洞察力The penetration of that woman's mind is really wonderful.

我们要来复习的就是独立逐个结构.

1）名词/ 代词+ 分词

The foreign travelers had many talks with the natives, the guide acting as an interpreter.

He being absent, nothing could be done.

The floor being wet and slippery, we stay outside.

All things considered, I think I ought to award the job to Mrs. Smith.

?1. 独立主格结构的语法形式是：主语+非谓语动词。

?2. 非谓语动词有三种：（1）to + v.（2）v. –ing（3）v. –ed

?3. 非谓语动词的特点：

?1) 时间关系：

（1）不定式具有后时性（2）–ing 分词具有同时性（3）–ed 分词具有先时性

e.g. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.

They visited Danxia Mountain yesterday, Miss Lee acting as the tourist guide.

His work done, he went home.

2）逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系：

(1) –ing分词表主动(2) –ed分词表被动

e.g. He being sick in bed, the team had to find a replacement.

Weather permitting, we will go picnicking this weekend.

The friendly match being over, the players of the two countries shook hands with each other.

All the tickets sold out, they returned home disappointed.

The dispute settled, the meeting came to an end.

His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.

现在你对独立主格的结构了解多少呢?

(1) 找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语

(2)弄清楚非谓语动词与逻辑主语的主被动关系

(3) 弄清楚非谓语动词与主句动词的时间关系

那么我们现在来做几道练习吧!

1. The old writer could not sleep at night, his wrongs and sorrows ____ him no peace.

A. gave

B. have given

C. being given

D. giving

2. Television has become as major instrument of communication, ____ us to see as well as to hear all kinds of programmes.

A to permit B. permitted C. being permitting D. permitting

3. The decision ____, what is to be done now is how to carry it out.

A. been made

B. has been made

C. having been made

D. having been making

4. Some people are sitting on the grass; others are strolling along the lake side, _____.

A. chatting and to laugh

B. to chat and to laugh

C. chatting and laughing

D. chatting and laughed

5. I was overjoyed at the news of my hometown ____ so much progress.

A. to make

B. to have made

C. made

D. having made

1. may和might+ 动词完成式

此结构用于推测过去的行为。例如：

She said that he might have missed the plane.她说他可能误了航班。

2. can和could+ 动词完成式

A. 表示过去能做而没做的事，有一种对过去未付诸实施的事情的惋惜。例如：

In those circumstances we could have done better.

在那样的情况下，我们本来可以做得更好的。（但没有做得更好）

B. 推测过去的某种行动。

Where can /could she have gone? 她可能到哪里去了呢？

The boy can't have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult. Note:

can't和couldn't＋动词原形可以用来表示否定推断。例如：

He can't be over fifty.他不可能超过50岁。

3.must +动词完成式

表示对过去行为的推断，具有较大的可能性，意为“一定…，想必…”。例如：

She must have gone through a lot.

她一定吃过很多苦。

Note:

must＋动词原形→对现在的推测，must

be＋现在分词→对未来或现在正在进行的推测。例如：

She looks happy; she must be having a good time.

4. needn't＋动词完成式和didn't need to do

A. needn't＋动词完成式表示一种已经做过的但并无必要的行为。例如：

You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

你本来不必浇花的，因为天要下雨了。（但却浇了）

We needn't have told him the news because he knew it already.

B. didn't need (have) to do结构表示没有必要做某事，实际上也没有做。例如：

I didn't need to clean the windows. My sister did it.

我不必擦窗，我妹妹擦了。（我没有擦）

5. should +动词完成式

A.此结构的肯定式表示应该做的事而没有做，否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。例如：

You should have given her more help.

你应该多给她一些帮助的。（但没有给）

B. 表示推测，意为“可能”，但可能性较小。例如：

He should have finished the work by now.

他现在该把工作完成了。（推测）

C. should / would have thought意为“本以为，本认为”。例如：

A: "Can you type?"

B: "Certainly."

A: "Well, I should have thought you wouldn't."

I should have thought she wouldn't agree.

我本来认为她不会同意的。

D. should have thought有时意为“认为，以为”，相当于should

think，但表示更为委婉、谦逊或不肯定的语气。例如：

I should have thought it fairly good.

我以为它是很不错的。

E. should have ＋过去分词用于虚拟语气：

Had you written him, you should have known the details.

6. ought to + 动词完成式

此结构表示某种过去应该做而没有做的事，或被忽略未做的某种明智行为。例如：

You ought to have returned the book earlier.（还晚了）

You ought to have refused her at the beginning, but now it is too late.

Note:

这里的ought to也可以用should代替。

1. My pain__1__apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: "Are you feeling all right?"

A. must be

B. must have been

C. had been

D. had to be

我刚一走进房间时一定表现得很痛苦，因为我遇到的第一个人同情地问我：“你没事吧?”【难点】must与完成时不定式连用往往表示对过去发生的事情的主观推测，常译成“一定是…”

2. It is only when you nearly lose someone__2__fully conscious of how much you value him.

A. do you become

B. then you become

C. that you become

D. have you become

【句意】只有当你快要失去什么人时，你才充分意识到他对你是多么重要。

【难点】该句是一个典型的强调句式，即It is...that...。

3. Just as the soil is a part of the earth,__3__the atmosphere.

A. as it is

B. so is

C. the same as

D. and so is

【句意】正像土壤是地球的一部分，大气层也是。

【难点】Just as...，so...为一固定结构，意为“正如…，…也…”。

4. While driving along the treacherous road,__4__.

A. my right rear tire blew out

B. my right rear tire had a blowout

C. I had a blowout on my right rear tire

D. I had my right rear tire blowout

【句意】当我在险峻的山路上驾车急驰时，车的右后胎爆了。

【难点】此句为一个带有时间状语从句的主从复合句。在英语中，由while, when等引导的时间状语从句，如果其主语与主句中的主语相同，从句中的主语可以省略，而只剩下分词短语。驾车的应该是人，所以只能从C)和D)选，而D)的意义不符，所以选C)。

5. Jean Wagner's most enduring contribution to the study of Afro American poetry is his insistence that it__5__in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.

A. is to be analyzed

B. has been analyzed

C. be analyzed

D. should have been analyzed

【句意】杰恩·瓦格那对亚非诗歌最永恒的贡献是他坚持认为，这类诗歌除用凡俗的参考框架，还应用宗教的参考框架进行研究。

【难点】insistence是个从insist派生来的名词，二者后面分别接同位语从句和宾语从句，句中皆应使用虚拟形式，即should+动词原形或动词原形。

1. Under this__1__pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.

A. intensive

B. weighty

C. intense

D. bulky

【句意】在这种强大的压力下，一些岩石甚至变成了液体。

【难点】intensive意为“加强的；集中的”;weighty意为“沉重的；笨重的”;intense意为“强烈的，剧烈的”;bulky意为“庞大的；粗壮的”。

2. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the__1__of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.

A. maximum

B. minority

C. majority

D. minimum

【句意】当然，大多数移民不是一夜之间就发财的，但是他们大多最终改善了自己的生活水平。

【难点】maximum意为“最大限量；最高点”;minority意为“少数，半数以下”;majority意为“大多数”;minimum意为“最低限度，最低点”。

3. Nancy was surprised that they have__1__. They seemed to be a happy couple.

A. split up

B. broken down

C. fallen through

D. knocked out

【句意】南希对他们的离婚表示十分惊讶，因为他们似乎是一对快乐的夫妇。

【难点】split up意为“分裂，离婚”;break down意为“(精神方面)垮掉；(健康)变得衰弱；崩溃”;fall through意为“失败；成为泡影”;knock out意为“使筋疲力尽”

4. The beach is in an ideal__1__to draw tourists.

A. condition

B. situation

C. state

D. publicity

句意】这片海滩所处位置理想，吸引了很多游客。

【难点】condition意为“状况；形势”;situation意为“位置，地点，环境”;state意为“状态，情形”;publicity意为“公众的注意，名声”。

5. Our__1__sensitivity decreases with age. By age 60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.

A. sensible

B. senseless

C. sensitive

D. sensory

【句意】我们的感官能力随着年龄的增长而下降。比如说，到60岁的时候，多数人失去了他们40%的嗅觉能力和50%的味觉能力。

【难点】sensible意为“明智的，合情理的”;senseless意为“失去知觉的，不省人事的”;sensitive 意为“敏感的”;sensory意为“感觉的，传递感觉的”。

1. The new washing machines are __ at the rate of fifty a day.

A turned up

B turned down

C turned out

D turned in

新洗衣机的产量已经达到每天50台了。

①turn out 生产，培养出This factory can turn out 100 cars a day.

②turn up发现The police have turned up a lot of new information about the wanted man.

③turn down拒绝The boy wanted to join the army but was turned down because he was under age.

④turn in上交These papers must be turned in before Friday.

2. The newly-built Science Building seems__ enough to last a hundred years.

A spacious

B sophisticated

C substantial

D steady

那栋新科学建筑物看起来很牢固，好象可以屹立一百年不倒。

①substantial牢固的，坚实的It is a substantial desk.

②spacious广阔的，宽敞的The guests are all seated in the spacious dining room.

③steady稳定的，可靠的Hold the candle steady.

④sophisticated 复杂的

3. The newly-elected president is determined to__ the established policy of developing agriculture.

A go after

B go by

C go for

D go on

新上任的总统下定决心要依照政策推进农业的发展。

①go by 遵照，依照That's a good rule to go by.

②go for去找，去请Shall I go for a doctor?

③Go after追求④Go on 继续

4. The newly-published book has added__ his reputation.

A in

B to

C on

D up

他的新书提高了他的知名度。

①add to增加，加到……上The gorgeous costume added to the brilliance of the dance.

②Add in包括，加进去Don't forget to add me in.

③Add on包括，附加Here's your bill, sit. I've have added on the ten percent service charge.

④Add up把……加起来Add up these figures and see if the sum is correct.

5. The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made__.

A on the spot

B on the site

C on the location

D on the ground

紧接着火灾的简略报道之后是更详细的现场报道。

①on the spot在场，在现场的②on location在拍摄外景

1. Although __1__ Spanish, he attended the course.

A. he was knowing

B. he is knowing

C. having a knowledge of

D. knows

【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语，但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。

【难点】know是静态动词，不能用于进行时；选knows从句中又缺少主语。knowledge作“知识”讲时是不可数名词，但作“了解”讲时，前面可加“a”，常用于词组haver a knowledge of中，所以选C)。

2. You __2__ that letter to James. However, you didn't.

A. ought to write

B. ought to have written

C. should write

D. should be writing

【句意】你本应该给詹姆斯写信，然而，你没写。

【难点】ought to have written是虚拟语气，与本句句意相符。

3. Joseph was very lucky __3__ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.

A. to escape

B. to have escaped

C. to escaping

D. to be escaping

句意】约瑟夫幸运地逃了性命；他险些没从房间里逃出来。