各部门部门首长和职位英语名称

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英美国家机构地物名称

英美国家机构地物名称一.美国国家机构和主要地物名称The United States of America(U.S.A)美利坚合众国（美国）the Federal Constitution《联邦宪法》presidential republic system总统制共和制two-party system两党制separation of three powers including administration,legislation,and jurisdiction三权分立（行政立法、行政、司法）Congress国会Senate参议院senator参议员Senate Speaker参议院院长the House of Representatives众议院a member of the House of Representatives(M.H.R)众议员House Speaker参议院院长the White House白宫National Security Assistant(NSA)总统国家安全事务助理美国内阁各部门一律用department,首长为secretary Department of State国务院Department of Treasury财政部Department of Interior内务部Department of Veterans Affairs退伍军人事务部FBI(Federal Bureau of Investigation)联邦调查局CIA(Central Intelligence Agency)中央情报局DIA(Defense Intelligence Agency)国防情报局NSA(National Security Agency)国家安全局NSC(National Security Council)国家安全委员会SEC(Security and Exchange Commission)国家证券交易会JCS(Joint Chiefs of Staffs)参谋长联席会议NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)美国国家航空和宇宙航行局FAA(Federal Aviation Administration)联邦航空局Federal Reserve美国联邦储蓄银行AP(Associated Press)联合通讯社（美联社）ABC(American Broadcasting Company)美国广播公司DJI(Dow Jones Index)道琼斯指数Standard&Poor’s Composite Index(标准普尔指数)NYSE(New York Stock Exchange)纽约证券交易所AMEX(American Stock Exchange)美国证券交易所NASDAC(National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations)全美证券商自动报价系统the Democratic Party of the United States民主党the Republican Party of the United States共和党the Supreme Court of the United States最高法院United States Sentencing Commission上诉法院the Lower Courts地方法院二.英国国家机构和主要地物名称the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland（UK）大不列颠北爱尔兰联合（英国）Great Charter《大宪章》the Bill of Rights/an Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown《权利法案》/《全民权利与自由和王位继承宣言》Parliamentary Constitutional Monarch议会制君主立宪制the Parliament of the Untied Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland英国国会the House of Lords上院（贵族院）Lords Spiritual上议院神职议员Lords Temporal上议院世俗议员the House of Commons下院（平民院）Palace of Westminster维斯密斯特宫the Anglican Church英国圣公会No.10Downing Street唐宁街十号the Coalition Government联合政府Prime Minister首相Deputy Prime Minister副首相First Secretary of State首席大臣State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs外交与联邦事物部the Exchequer财政部Chancellor财政大臣Chief Secretary to the Treasury英国财政部首席秘书the Conservative Party保守党the Labor Party工党Tory托利党Whig辉格党Square Mile伦敦金融区British Bank Holidays英国银行节Buckingham Palace白金汉宫British Museum大英博物馆RGO(Royal Greenwich Observatory)格林尼治天文台GMT(Greenwich Mean Time)格林尼治标准时间Prime Meridian本初子午线Big Ben大笨钟。

英语职位的翻译

在外事接待活动中，译员首先面临的一道难题是称谓的口译。

称谓代表了一个人的职位、职衔或学衔，体现了一个人的资历和地位。

称谓的误译不仅是对有关人员的不尊重，而且也会产生种种不良的后果。

称谓的准确翻译其关键在于译员对有关人员的身份及其称谓的表达是否有一个正确的理解，尤其是对称谓语的认识。

一种称谓语很可能表示多种身份，例如，英语的头衔语 president，译成汉语时可视具体情况分别译作共和国的总统、国家主席、大学的校长、学院的院长、学会或协会的会长或主席、公司的总裁或董事长等等。

一般说来，各类机构或组织的首长其汉语称谓译成英语时虽可套用通用词 head，但从比较严格的意义上看，应使用特定的、规范的称谓语。

例如：校长（大学） President of Beijing University校长（中小学） Principal /Headmaster of Donghai Middle School院长（大学下属） Dean of the Graduate School系主任（大学学院下属） Chair/Chairman of the English Department会长／主席（学／协会） President of the Student Union, Shanghai University厂长（企业） Director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant院长（医院） President of Huadong Hospital主任（中心） Director of the Business Center主任（行政） Director of Foreign Affairs Office董事长（企业） President／Chairman of the Board of Directors董事长（学校） President／Chairman of the Board of Trustees首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总……”表示，而表示首席长官的英语称谓语则常带有 chief general, head , managing 这类词，因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时，需遵循英语头衔的表达习惯：总书记 general secretary总工程师 chief engineer总会计师 chief accountant总建筑师 chief architect总编辑 chief editor; editor-in-chief; managing editor总出纳 chief cashier; general cashier总裁判 chief referee总经理 general manager; managing director; executive head总代理 general agent总教练 head coach总导演 head director总干事 secretary-general;missioner总指挥 mander-in-chief; generalissimo总领事 consul-general总监 chief inspector; inspector-general；chief impresario总厨 head cook; chef有些部门或机构的首长或主管的英译，可以用一些通用的头衔词表示，例如下列机构的负责人可以用 director, head 或 chief 来表示：司（部属）department厅（省属）department署（省属）office（行署为administrative office）局 bureau所 institute处 division科 section股 section室 office教研室 program / section例：局长 director of the bureau; head of the bureau; bureau chief。

英国内阁职位翻译

英国内阁的首脑为首相（Prime Minister），其他组成人员有First Lord of the Treasury 第一财政大臣（首相兼任）Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 外交大臣Lord President of the Council 枢密院大臣Lord Chancellor 大法官Secretary of State for the Home Departmentand Minister for Welsh Affairs 内政和威尔士事务大臣Chancellor of the Exchequer 财政大臣Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 兰开斯特公爵郡大臣Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Commons 掌皇大臣兼下院领袖Minister of Defence 国防大臣Secretary of state for Commonwealth Relations 联邦关系事务大臣Secretary of State for the Colonies 殖民地事务大臣Secretary of State for Scotland 苏格兰事务大臣Minister of Labour and National Service 劳工大臣Minister for Housing and Local Government 住房及地方政府事物大臣Minister of Town and Country Planning 都市及乡村计划大臣Minister of Health 卫生大臣Minister of Education 教育大臣President of the Board of Trade 贸易大臣Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries 农业和渔业大臣Minister of Pensions and National Insurance 年金及国民保险大臣此外还有非内阁阁员的政府部门首长First Lord Of the Admiralty 海军大臣secretary of State for War 陆军大臣Secretary of State for Air 空军大臣Minister of Fuel and Power 燃料电力大臣Minister of Transport 运输大臣Minister of Supply 供应大臣Minister of Economic Affairs 经济事务大臣Minister of Food 粮食大臣Minister of Civil Aviation 民航大臣Minister of Works 工程大臣Paymaster General 主计大臣Labor secretary 劳工部长Postmaster General 邮政大臣Attorney-General 检查总长Sollcitor-General 副检查总长Lord Advocate 苏格兰检察总长国内阁的首脑为首相（Prime Minister），其他组成人员有First Lord of the Treasury 第一财政大臣（首相兼任）Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 外交大臣Lord President of the Council 枢密院大臣Lord Chancellor 大法官Secretary of State for the Home Departmentand Minister for Welsh Affairs 内政和威尔士事务大臣Chancellor of the Exchequer 财政大臣Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 兰开斯特公爵郡大臣Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Commons 掌皇大臣兼下院领袖Minister of Defence 国防大臣Secretary of state for Commonwealth Relations 联邦关系事务大臣Secretary of State for the Colonies 殖民地事务大臣Secretary of State for Scotland 苏格兰事务大臣Minister of Labour and National Service 劳工大臣Minister for Housing and Local Government 住房及地方政府事物大臣Minister of Town and Country Planning 都市及乡村计划大臣Minister of Health 卫生大臣Minister of Education 教育大臣President of the Board of Trade 贸易大臣Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries 农业和渔业大臣Minister of Pensions and National Insurance 年金及国民保险大臣此外还有非内阁阁员的政府部门首长First Lord Of the Admiralty 海军大臣secretary of State for War 陆军大臣Secretary of State for Air 空军大臣Minister of Fuel and Power 燃料电力大臣Minister of Transport 运输大臣Minister of Supply 供应大臣Minister of Economic Affairs 经济事务大臣Minister of Food 粮食大臣Minister of Civil Aviation 民航大臣Minister of Works 工程大臣Paymaster General 主计大臣Labor secretary 劳工部长Postmaster General 邮政大臣Attorney-General 检查总长Sollcitor-General 副检查总长Lord Advocate 苏格兰检察总长国内阁的首脑为首相（Prime Minister），其他组成人员有First Lord of the Treasury 第一财政大臣（首相兼任）Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 外交大臣Lord President of the Council 枢密院大臣Lord Chancellor 大法官Secretary of State for the Home Departmentand Minister for Welsh Affairs 内政和威尔士事务大臣Chancellor of the Exchequer 财政大臣Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 兰开斯特公爵郡大臣Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Commons 掌皇大臣兼下院领袖Minister of Defence 国防大臣Secretary of state for Commonwealth Relations 联邦关系事务大臣Secretary of State for the Colonies 殖民地事务大臣Secretary of State for Scotland 苏格兰事务大臣Minister of Labour and National Service 劳工大臣Minister for Housing and Local Government 住房及地方政府事物大臣Minister of Town and Country Planning 都市及乡村计划大臣Minister of Health 卫生大臣Minister of Education 教育大臣President of the Board of Trade 贸易大臣Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries 农业和渔业大臣Minister of Pensions and National Insurance 年金及国民保险大臣此外还有非内阁阁员的政府部门首长First Lord Of the Admiralty 海军大臣secretary of State for War 陆军大臣Secretary of State for Air 空军大臣Minister of Fuel and Power 燃料电力大臣Minister of Transport 运输大臣Minister of Supply 供应大臣Minister of Economic Affairs 经济事务大臣Minister of Food 粮食大臣Minister of Civil Aviation 民航大臣Minister of Works 工程大臣Paymaster General 主计大臣Labor secretary 劳工部长Postmaster General 邮政大臣Attorney-General 检查总长Sollcitor-General 副检查总长Lord Advocate 苏格兰检察总长1.After meat, mustard; after death, doctor. 雨后送伞Explanation: this describes a situation where assistance or comfort is given when it is too late.Example: just as I had cancelled my application to go abroad, I had a promise of money for my fare. It was a case of fter death, the doctor.2. After praising the wine they sell us vinegar. 挂羊头卖狗肉Explanation: to offer to give or sell something that is inferior to what you claim it to be.Example: that fellow completely misled us about what he was capable of doing. After praising the wine, he sold us vinegar.3. All is over but the shouting. 大势已去Explanation: finally decided or won; brought to the end; not able to be changed.Example: after Bi ll’s touch down, the game is all over but shouting.4. All lay load on the willing horse. 人善被人欺，马善被人骑Explanation: a willing horse is someone who is always doing things for others. Very often the implication is that others impose on him.Examples: the trouble is you're too good-natured and people take advantage of it. all lay load on the willing horse. You will have to learn to refuse people who ask too much.5.anger and haste hinder good counsel. 小不忍则乱大谋Explanation: one can not act wisely when one is angry or in a hurry.Example: you should calm down before you decide the next move. Anger and haste hinder good counsel.6. As poor as a church mouse 一贫如洗Explanation: to be exceedingly poor, having barely to live upon.Example: he has a large family, and is poor as a church mouse.Note: a church is one of the few buildings that contain no food.7. A word spoken is past recalling. 一言既出，驷马难追Explanation: the harm done by a careless word can not easily undo.Example: for the rest of his life he regretted what he had said, but a word spoken is past recalling and he knew he could never repair the damage of that moment of harshness.8.World is but a little place, after all. 天涯原咫尺，到处可逢君Explanation: it is used when a person meets someone he knows or is in someway connected with him in a place where he would never have expected to do so.Example: Who would have thought I would bump into an old schoolmate on a trek up Mount T ai. The world is but a little place after all.9. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗Explanation: conform to the manners and customs of those amongst whom you live. Example: I know you have egg and bacon for breakfast at home, but now you are on the Continent you will do as the Romans do and take coffee and rolls.10. What you lose on the swings you get back on the roundabouts.失之东隅，收之桑榆Explanation: a rough way of starting a law of average; if you have bad luck on one day you have good on another; if one venture results in loss try a fresh one---it may succeed. Example: he may always possess merits which make up for everything; if he loses on the swings, he may win on the roundabouts.11.What are the odds so long as you are happy. 知足者常乐Explanation: what does anything else matter if a person is happy.Example: you complain so much, but you have a good family, parents, health, and money. What’s the odd so long as you’re happy.12．Entertain an angel unawares. 有眼不识泰山Explanation: to receive a great personage as a guest without knowing his merits. Example: in the course of evening someone informed her that she was ntertaining an angel unawares, in the shape of a composer of the greatest promise13.every dog has his day . 是人皆有出头日Explanation: fortune comes to each in turnExample: they say that every dog has his day; but mine seems a very long time coming.14.every potter praises his own pot. 王婆买瓜，自卖自夸Explanation: people are loath to refer to defects in their possessions or their family membersExample: he said that his teacher considered his work brilliant, but I would rather hear it from hi s teacher’s own mouth. Every potter praises his own pot。

职称头衔中英文对照

称谓英文名称大全中英文词语对照校长（大学）president of Beijing University校长（中小学）principal/headmaster of Donghai Middle School院长（大学下属）dean of the Graduate School系主任（大学学院下属）chair/chairman of the English Department会长/主席（学/协会）president of the Student Union, Shanghai University厂长（企业）director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant院长（医院）director of Huandong Hospital主任（中心）director of the Business Center主任（行政）director of Foreign Affairs Office行长（银行）president of the Bank for International Settlements董事长（企业）chairman of the Board of Directors董事长（学校）Chairmen of the Board of Trustees首席长官的汉语称谓以“总……”表示，而表示首席长官的英语称谓语则常带有chief, general, head, managing 这类词，因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时，需遵循英语头衔的表达习惯：总书记general secretary总工程师chief engineer总会计师chief accountant总建筑师chief architect总编辑chief editor; editor-in-chief; managing editor总出纳chief cashier; general cashier总裁判chief referee总经理general manager; managing director; executive head总代理general agent总教练head coach总导演head director总干事secretary-general; commissioner总指挥commander-in-chief; generalissimo总领事consul-general总监chief inspector; inspector-general; chief impresario总厨head cook;chef有些部门或机构的首长或主管的英译，可以一些通用的头衔词表示，例如下列机构的负责人可以用director, head, 或chief来表示：司（部属）department厅（省属）department署（省属）office （行署为administrative office）局bureau所institute处division科section股section室office教研室program/section例：局长director of the bureau, head of the bureau, bureau chief国务院the State Council 属下的部为ministry, 所以部长叫做minister。

英语称谓大全

英语称谓大全校长（大学）President of Beijing University 校长（中小学）Principal of Donghai Middle School院长（大学下属）Dean of the Graduate Sch ool系主任（大学学院下属）Chair/Chairman of the English Department会长\主席（学\协会）President of the Stude nt Union, Shanghai University厂长（企业）Director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant院长（医院）President of Huadong Hospital 主任（中心）Director of the Business Cente r主任（行政）Director of Foreign Affairs Offi ce董事长（企业）President/Chairman of the B oard of Directors董事长（学校）President/Chairman of the B oard of Trustees首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总…….”表示，而表示首席长官的英语称谓则常带有chief,general, head, managing这类词，因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时，需遵循英语头衔的表达习惯：总书记general secretary总工程师chief engineer总会计师chief accountant总建筑师chief architect总编辑chief editor; editor-in-chief; managi ng editor总出纳chief cashier; general cashier总裁判chief referee总经理general manager; managing directo r; executive head总代理general agent 总教练head coach总导演head director总干事secretary-general; commissioner总指挥commander-in-chief总领事consul-general总监chief inspector; inspector-general总厨head cook; chef有些部门或机构的首长或主管的英译，可以一些通用的头衔词表示，例如下列机构的负责人可以用director, head 或chief 来表示：司（部署）department厅（省署）department署（省属）（行署）office；administrative of fice局bureau所institute处division科section股section室office教研室program/section例：局长: director of the bureau, head of t he bureau, bureau chief.国务院the State Council 属下的部为ministry,所以部长叫做minister. 另外，公署专员叫做commissioner, 其办事机构叫做“专员公署”，英语为prefectural commissioner’s office.汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字，英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情况，可选择vice, associate, assistant, deputy 等词。

各部门部门首长和职位英语名称

各部门、部门首长和职位英语名称一、我国中央部门英语名称中国共产党The Communist Party of China (CPC)中共中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee中央整党工作指导委员会Central Party Consolidation Guidance Commission中共中央办公厅General Office of the CPC Central Committee中央组织部Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee中央宣传部Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee中央统一战线部United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee中央对外联络部International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee中央军事委员会Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee中央党的建设工作领导小组Party Building Directorate of the CPC Central Committee中央宣传思想工作领导小组Propaganda and Ideological Work Directorate of the CPC Central Committee 中央政法委员会Commission of Politics and Law of the CPC Central Committee中央爱国卫生运动委员会Central Patriotic Public health Campaign Committee中央党校Party School of the CPC Central Committee中央绿化委员会Central Afforestation (Greening) Committee中央文献研究室Party Literature Research Centre of the CPC Central Committee中央政策研究室Policy Research Centre of the CPC Central Committee中央党史研究室Party History Research Centre of the CPC Central Committee中共党史人物研究会Society on the Historical Figures of the CPC中央文献编辑委员会Editorial Committee on Party Literature of the Central Committee中央编译局Compilation and Translation Bureau of the CPC Central Committee中央档案馆Central Archives中央国家机关工作委员会Work Committee of Central Government Departments中共中央直属机关工作委员会Work Committee of Departments under the Central Committee中共中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC二、我国政府部门英语名称中华人民共和国国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council of the People\'s Republic of China国务院组成部门中华人民共和国外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国国防部Ministry of National Defense of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国国家发展计划委员会State Development Planning Commission of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission of the People\'s epublicof China中华人民共和国教育部Ministry of Education of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国国防科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for NationalDefense of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People\'s Republic ofChina中华人民共和国公安部Ministry of Public Security of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国国家安全部Ministry of State Security of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国监察部Ministry of Supervision of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国司法部Ministry of Justice of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国财政部Ministry of Finance of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国人事部Ministry of Personnel of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources of the People\'s Republic ofChina中华人民共和国建设部Ministry of Construction of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国铁道部Ministry of Railways of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国交通部Ministry of Communications of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry of the People\'s Republic ofChina中华人民共和国水利部Ministry of Water Resources of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国农业部Ministry of Agriculture of the People\'s Republic of China中华人民共和国对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of the三、其他国家政府部门的首长名称翻译英美虽都是讲英语国家，但同一政府部门的首长名称不同：英国国家元首是国王（King ）或女王（Queen），而美国的国家元首是总统（President）。

职称头衔中英文对照

以director 表示职位的副职常以deputy director表示。此外，secretary, mayor, dean等头衔的副职也可冠以deputy, 例如：副秘书长deputy secretary-general 副书记deputy secretary 副市长deputy mayor 副院长deputy dean 学术头衔系列除了含“正”、“副”级别的高级职称和中级职称外，还有初级职称如“助理”，“助理”常用assistant来表示，例如：助理教授assistant professor 助理研究员assistant research fellow 助理工程师assistant engineer 助理编辑assistant editor 助理馆员assistant research fellow of …（e.g., library science）助理教练assistant coach 助理农艺师assistant agronomist
[中英文对照]职衔职称 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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立法机关 LEGISLATURE 中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China 全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress 秘书长 Secretary-General 主任委员 Chairman 委员 Member （地方人大）主任 Chairman, Local People’s Congress 人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congress 政府机构 GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION 国务院总理 Premier, State Council 国务委员 State Councilor 秘书长 Secretary-General （国务院各委员会）主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for （国务院各部）部长 Minister 部长助理 Assistant Minister 司长 Director 局长 Director 省长 Governor 常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor 自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government 地区专员 Commissioner, prefecture 香港特别行政区行政长官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 市长/副市长 Mayor/Vice Mayor 区长 Chief Executive, District Government 县长 Chief Executive, County Government

英语称谓大全

英语称谓大全校长（大学）Preside nt of Beijing University校长（中小学）Principal of Donghai MiddleSchool院长（大学下属）Dean of the Graduate Sch ool系主任（大学学院下属）Chair/Chairma n of theEn glish Departme nt会长主席（学协会）Preside nt of the Stude nt Union, Shanghai Un iversity厂长（企业）Director of the Machine Tools Man ufacturi ng Pla nt院长（医院）Preside nt of Huadong Hospital主任（中心）Director of the Busin ess Cente r主任（行政）Director of Foreign Affairs ,Office董事长（企业）Preside nt/Chairma n of the B oard of Directors董事长（学校）Preside nt/Chairma n of the B oard of Trustees首席长官的汉语称谓常以总... .'表示，而表示首席长官的英语称谓则常带有chief,gen eral, head, managing 这类词，因此当翻译冠以总”字的头衔时，需遵循英语头衔的表达习惯：总书记general secretary总工程师chief engin eer总会计师chief accou ntant总建筑师chief architect总编辑chief editor; editor-in-chief; managi ng editor总岀纟内chief cashier; general cashier总裁判chief referee总经理general manager; managing director; executive head总代理gen eral age nt 总教练head coach总导演head director总干事secretary-ge neral; commissi oner总指挥commander-in-chief总领事consul-general总监chief inspector; inspector-general总厨head cook; chef有些部门或机构的首长或主管的英译，可以一些通用的头衔词表示，例如下列机构的负责人可以用director, head 或chief 来表示：司（部署）departme nt厅（省署）departme nt署（省属）（行署）office ；administrative of fice局bureau所institute处division科section股section室office教研室program/secti on例：局长：director of the bureau, head of the bureau, bureau chief.国务院the State Council 属下的部为ministry,所以部长叫做mini ster. 另外，公者专员叫做commissioner, 其办事机构叫做专员公署”英语为prefectural commissi oner' office.汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以畐『字，英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情况，可选择vice, associate, assistant, deputy等词。

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两国重要的行政部门，都是内阁（Cabinet）英国内阁的首脑为首相（Prime Minister），其他组成人员有First Lord of the Treasury 第一财政大臣（首相兼任）Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 外交大臣Lord President of the Council 枢密院大臣Lord Chancellor 大法官Secretary of State for the Home Departmentand Minister for Welsh Affairs 内政和威尔士事务大臣Chancellor of the Exchequer 财政大臣Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 兰开斯特公爵郡大臣Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Commons 掌皇大臣兼下院领袖Minister of Defence 国防大臣Secretary of state for Commonwealth Relations 联邦关系事务大臣Secretary of State for the Colonies 殖民地事务大臣Secretarv of State for Scotland 苏格兰事务大臣Minister of Labour and National Service 劳工大臣Minister for Housingand Local Government 住房及地方政府事物大臣Minister of Town and Country Planning 都市及乡村计划大臣Minister of Health 卫生大臣Minlster oi Educatlon 教育大臣Presldent of the Board of Trade 贸易大臣Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries 农业和渔业大臣Minister of Pensions and National Insurance 年金及国民保险大臣此外还有非内阁阁员的政府部门首长First Lord Of the Admiralty 海军大臣secretary of State for War 陆军大臣Secretary of State for Air 空军大臣Minister of Fuel and Power 燃料电力大臣Minister of Transport 运输大臣Minlster of Supply 供应大臣Minister of Economic Affairs 经济事务大臣Minister of Food 粮食大臣Minister of Civil Aviation 民航大臣Minister of Works 工程大臣Paymaster General 主计大臣Labor secretary 劳工部长Postmaster General 邮政大臣Attorney一General 检查总长Sollcitor一General 副检查总长Lord Advocate 苏格兰检察总长美国总统以下设十个行政主管，分掌国政，形成一个内阁：Secretary of State 国务卿Secretary of the Treasury 财政部长Secretary of Defense 国防部长Attorney General 司法部长Postmaster General 邮政管理局长Interior Secretary 内政部长Agriculture Secretary 农业部长Commerce Secretary 商务部长四、各种职位英语名称。