医学英语术语教程
医学英语教程ppt课件
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• diabetes 糖尿病 • diffuse intravascular coagulation 弥散性血管凝血 • dysentery 痢疾 • enteritis 肠炎 • gastric ulcer 胃溃疡 • gastritis 胃炎 • gout 痛风 • hepatitis 肝炎 • Hodgkin’s disease 霍奇金病 • hyperlipemia 高脂血症，血脂过多 • hyperparathyroidism 甲状旁腺功能亢进 • hypersplenism 脾功能亢进 • hypertension 高血压 • hyperthyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进
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• cerebral thrombosis 脑血栓 • cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血 • concussion of brain 脑震荡 • craniocerebral injury 颅脑损伤 • epilepsy 癫痫 • intracranial tumour 颅内肿瘤 • intracranial hematoma 颅内血肿 • meningitis 脑膜炎 • migraine 偏头痛 • neurasthenia 神经衰弱 • neurosis 神经官能症 • paranoid psychosis 偏执性精神病 • Parkinson’s disease 帕金森综合症 • psychosis 精神病
• acute pyelonephritis 急性肾盂肾炎
• anal fissure 肛裂
• anal fistula 肛瘘
• anesthesia 麻醉
• angioma 血管瘤
• appendicitis 阑尾炎
医学英语术语1
医学英语术语Chapter Two Digestive System I．IntroductionThe digestive system, also called the alimentary or gastrointestinal tract, begins with the mouth, where food enters the body, and ends with the anus, where solid waste material leaves the body. The primary functions of the organs of the digestive system are threefold.First, complex food material that is taken into the mouth must be digested, or broken down, mechanically and chemically, as it travels through the gastrointestinal tract (passageway). Digestive enzymes are substances that speed up chemical reactions and help in the breakdown (digestion) of complex nutrients. Complex proteins are digested to simpler amino acids; complicated sugars are reduced to simple sugars, such as glucose; and large fat molecules are broken down to fatty acids and triglycerides.Second, the digested food must be absorbed into the bloodstream by passing through the walls of the small intestine. In this way, valuable nutrients, such as sugar and amino acids, can travel to all the ceils of the body. Within the cells, nutrients are catabolized (burned) in the presence of oxygen to release energy stored within the food. Amino acid nutrients are used to anabolize (build) large protein molecules that are needed for growth and development of cells. Fatty acids and triglycerides are also absorbed through the walls of the small intestine but enter lymphatic vessels rather than blood vessels. These digested fats eventually enter the blood- stream as lymph vessels join with blood vessels in the upper chest region.The third function of the digestive system is to eliminate the solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into the bloodstream. These solid wastes, called feces, are concentrated in the large intestine and finally pass out of the body through the anus.II. Combining formsIII. VocabularyThis list will help you review many of the new terms introduced in the text. Short definitions will reinforce your understanding of the terms.。
医学英语术语英文课件
Measuring the pulse rate
Measuring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer
Additional tools used in physical examinations include the ophthalmoscope (, for examination of the eyes; the otoscope , for examination of the ears; hammers, for testing reflexes, and the blood pressure cuff or sphygmo manometer
examine (sth) by feeling with the hands, esp as part of a medical examination
• Percussion(precussion sound): tapping the body and listening to the sounds produced . • Auscultation: listening to body sounds with a stethoscope
A physical examination, which includes a review of all systems and observation of any signs of illness, follows the history taking. Practitioners use the following techniques in performing physicals:
magnetic磁性的
Treatment
If diagnosis so indicates, treatment, also termed therapy, is begun. This may consist of counseling, drugs,surgery, radiation, physical therapy, occupational therapy, psychiatric treatment, or a combination of these. During diagnosis and throughout the course of treatment, a patient is evaluated to establish a prognosis, that is, a prediction of the outcome of the disease.
医学常用英语
医学常用英语在医学领域，英语的使用非常广泛，因为许多医学术语和概念都是用英语表达的。
以下是一些医学常用英语词汇和短语的整理，这些词汇在医学教育、研究和临床实践中都非常重要。
1. 基本术语- Anemia: 贫血- Antibiotic: 抗生素- Cardiovascular: 心血管的- Chronic: 慢性的- Diabetes: 糖尿病- Infection: 感染- Immunity: 免疫力- Pathogen: 病原体- Surgery: 外科手术2. 诊断相关- Diagnosis: 诊断- Symptom: 症状- Prognosis: 预后- Differential diagnosis: 鉴别诊断- Clinical trial: 临床试验- Diagnostic test: 诊断测试3. 治疗相关- Treatment: 治疗- Therapy: 疗法- Medication: 药物- Prescription: 处方- Dosage: 剂量- Side effect: 副作用4. 医学设备和工具- Stethoscope: 听诊器- Syringe: 注射器- Scalpel: 手术刀- X-ray: X光- MRI: 磁共振成像- ECG: 心电图5. 医学专业和角色- Physician: 医生- Surgeon: 外科医生- Nurse: 护士- Pharmacist: 药剂师- Radiologist: 放射科医生 - Pathologist: 病理学家6. 医学研究- Research: 研究- Hypothesis: 假设- Clinical study: 临床研究 - Epidemiology: 流行病学 - Biomedical: 生物医学- Pharmacology: 药理学7. 医疗保健系统- Healthcare: 医疗保健- Hospital: 医院- Clinic: 诊所- Insurance: 保险- Primary care: 初级保健- Specialist: 专科医生8. 医学伦理- Ethics: 伦理- Consent: 同意- Confidentiality: 保密- Malpractice: 医疗事故- Informed consent: 知情同意9. 医学教育- Curriculum: 课程- Lecture: 讲座- Seminar: 研讨会- Internship: 实习- Residency: 住院医师10. 公共卫生- Public health: 公共卫生- Epidemic: 流行病- Pandemic: 大流行- Vaccination: 疫苗接种- Hygiene: 卫生这些词汇和短语是医学领域中的基础，对于医学生、医生、研究人员和其他医疗保健专业人员来说，掌握这些英语表达是非常重要的。
《医学英语术语》ppt课件-文档资料99页
• 11. 1 医学英语术语词素 • 根据构词法，组成单词的要素，即用以构成单词
的有意义的音节，叫做词素（morpheme或wordelement）。词素可分为词根（root, base），连 接元音(connective or combining vowel)，组合形 式（combining form），前缀（prefix），后缀 （suffix）。以endo/crin/o/logy为例，endo是前缀， crin是词根，o为连接元音，crino为组合形式， logy是后缀。 • 11. 1. 1 词根 词根是一个术语最根本的成分，它 构成该术语的语义核心。下面是以cephal- 为词根 的一组同族词（cognate words）。
• 医学英语术语中的前缀主要源于古希腊语 和拉丁语的介词、部分数词或表示态度的 词。由于长期放在词根前使用，它们便失 去了独立作用而成为前缀。
• 11. 1. 3 后缀 后缀是附加在词根后的词素。
• （1）纯后缀 在普通英语构词中，后缀一 般不改变词的含义，只表示其词类。这种 后缀叫纯后缀(real suffix). 医学英语中，也 有纯后缀, 但数量较少，一般是从古希腊语 和拉丁语移入的或转化的。
• （2）去掉医学英语术语的古希腊语或拉丁语前缀、 后缀及连接元音。例如：viricide(杀[病]毒剂)去掉 后缀-cide（杀…）和连接元音-i-，就得词根vir(病毒、毒）；同样将antivirin(抗病毒素)去掉前缀 anti-(抗)和后缀-in(…素)也可得词根vir-(病毒)。这 是从现有词汇中获得词根的常见方法。
• 前缀 +词根 +连接元音+ 后缀 → 全词
词义
医学英语词汇课件
6个连接元音字母： o:为最常见的连接元音字母 i:为较常见的连接元音字母 a,e,u:较少见的连接元音字母 y:为最少见连接元音字母
-o-: therm（温）+meter（测量器）：thermometer -i-：insect（虫）+cide（杀）：insecticide -a-：pent（五）+gon（角）：pentagon -e-：liqu（液）+fy（…化）：liquefy -u-：cent（百）+ple（倍）：centuple
连接/联合元音(combining vowel)： 连接元音通常用于连接一个词根和以一个辅音 字母开始的后缀，或直接连接另一词根。
词根与后缀，后缀以元音开始可不加连接元音，即连接元音可省略； （复合形=词根+连接/联合元音） 两个词根之间的连接元音必须保留。
连接规则（造词规则） 希腊语+希腊语（绝大多数，约90%） 多以-o-连接 多以-i-连接 拉丁语+拉丁语（少数) 希腊语+拉丁语/拉丁语+希腊语（极少）
医学英语词汇结构
后缀（suffix）： 置于词根后对词根的含义加以补充与限定的词素 常常用于单词后作为添加词素来改变词汇含义 的一小部分或改变词性，但不可能改变一个单 词的含义 简单后缀（simple suffix） 复合性后缀（compound suffix）
医学英语词汇结构
简单后缀：
Indices Ganglia Stomata phalanges
-nx(-anx, -inx, ynx) -nges
The n(阴)；yang(阳)；jing(精)；qi(气)
tui na(推拿)；acupuncture point(穴位)
医学英语术语课件PPT
生了大量医学术语。据统计，医学英语词汇已超 lymphoma 淋巴瘤
医学英语读音的基本原则是字母的读音英语化，而大量源于希腊语、拉丁语的术语，其重读音节大多按拉丁语规则：重读音节不在最 后一个音节；
过32万，每年还产生1500个新词。医学英语词汇 spindly纺锤形的
因此，理解一个术语，应当考虑其各个词素间的逻辑关系，把它们看作一个统一的整体。
词根变化 方式
单数主 词根 格词 尾
-tio
-tion
-mo
-mon
-do
-din
-go
-gin
-ma
-mat
-x
-c
但-ex -ic
-men -min
-ut
-it
例
词
单数主格
单数属格 词根
solutio溶液 pulmo肺 hirudo蛭 cartilago软骨 diaphragma膈 radix根 cortex皮 abdomen腹 caput头
医学英语术语学及应用演示教学
Neologism :oxygen, protein, nuclear, vaccine (Latin /Greek roots)
Late Modern English (1800 - Present)
Words Borrowed from French
Words Borrowed from German
Words Borrowed from Italian
Words Borrowed from Spanish
Words from Direct Coinage
Words Originated from Latin
Words Borrowed from French
After the Norman Conquest, the conquerors ruled the country for a long period of time and left a deep influence on the English language. A great number of French words, including those used in medical works, took their roots in English. Borrowing from French has continued till present time.
Anatomic Words
Words Denoting Concepts
Words Originated from Greek
From Greek, Early Modern English received grammar, logic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music. And medical terminology is one of the areas that have been influenced by Greek.