科技英语写作中典型错误分析
科技英语写作常见语法错误
Redundant presence components
Adding unnecessary information or repeating the same idea in different ways Example: "The cat, a domestic animal, is a popular pet." (redundant "a
Detailed description
In English, the singular and plural forms of the subject and predicate must be consistent, which is a basic requirement of grammar rules. If this point is ignored, it will lead to sentence structure confusion and affect the accurate transmission of information.
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Sentence structure error
Incomplete or redundant presence components
Incomplete presence components
A presence may be missing a subject, verb, or object, making it graphically incomplete Example: "The experience was conducted to study the effects of..." (missing object)
科技英文写作常见错误
The Most Common Habits from more than 200 English Papers written by Graduate Chinese Engineering Students.1.a、an、the的使用。
普通名词、专有名词、非专有名词、可数名词、不可数名词要注意区分。
2.超长句式。
通常英语中一个句子中最好只有一个supporting idea，不同观点应该放在不同的句子里。
分号只有当必须想表明观点之间的关系时才使用。
对多个变量意义进行说明时，由此产生的长句可以通过列表来解决。
3.在阐述观点前先描述目的、位置、原因。
这样容易造成读者认为作者不直截了当，并且降低了观点在整个句子中的重要性。
4.将说明时间的词句放在句首。
理由同上，尽量不要因此影响观点的直接阐述。
5.which/that对应的先行词不明确。
会造成混淆，使读者无法知道你到底修饰的是哪个词。
6.respectively/respective的使用。
这两个词表明多个原因或事件按照之前提起的顺序，该顺序对于句子的意思必须是非常重要的。
如果描述的事情或者过程已经有明显的排列顺序了，则不该重复使用respectively。
如果句子中有多个次序或集合，容易造成混淆而不知到底指的谁。
Respectively通常使用在句子末尾。
7.in this paper的滥用。
通常这个词主要用在两个地方：在简介和结论中强调文章的内容，在正文里引用他人文献或标准后。
可选择使用in this study、in this research、this paper present 等。
8.数字和关系式。
句首绝对不能用阿拉伯数字，对于非参数指标的数字最好不要采用阿拉伯数字，而用英文表示。
同样对于等号、不等号、大于、小于等关系表达，也不能使用简化的数学符号表示，而要采用单词表示。
9.Figure/Table的表示。
缩写为Fig和Tbl，在句首不能使用缩写，另外在数字前要加上一个空格。
科技英语写作中的典型错误
例4 汉语原句 我们的方法与以前讨论同一问题的文章中 所述的不同。 英语错句 Our method is different from previous articles discussed the same problem.
【错误分析】错误有两处。(1)比较对象不一致，主语是“方法”，而 from后是“文章”；(2)discuss为及物动词，之后的the same problem是 宾语，所以应该用现在分词，而不是过去分词。另外“以前的文章” 用previous articles不好，因为previous多指同一本书或同篇论文里表示 的“前面的”；科技论文多用“paper”。
改正后的句子 This paper presents a CAD method for increasing the printing speed and improving the printing quality.
例7 汉语原句 对构件的承载能力做了具体分析。 英语错句 The detailed analysis of the ability of bearing loads of the components is given. 【错误分析】四处错误:(1)“分析”之前应该用不定冠词a； (2)“承载”是“carry loads”而不用 “bear loads”；(3) “作分 析”表示为“make an analysis of”， “作研究”表示为 “make a study of” ， “作比较”表示为“make a comparison of” ；(4)能力ability之后加of加不定式复合结构 做定语，如：能量被定义为物体做功的能力，译为Energy is defined as the ability of a body to do work，如：电容存储电 荷的能力取决于几个因素，译为：The ability of a capacitor to store charge depends upon several factors。 改正后的句子 A detailed（或 concrete）analysis of the ability of the component to carry loads is made.
科技英语写作语法错误举例共68页文档
[说明] The subject is “application”, which is singular.
Application of this technique to … is described.
Sometimes, two singular subjects joined by “and” cause this error.
例2 Growths described →Growth and isolation of M13 virus were described.
Exception: A subject that is plural in form but singular in effect takes a singular verb.
However, when two or more subjects are joined by “or”, the verb takes the number of the closest subject.
例5 Application or uses were noted. Uses or application was noted.
例3 The name and address of each contributor is given on the title page.
科技论文摘要英译中的言语失误分析
科技论文摘要英译中的言语失误分析科技论文摘要作为科技论文内容浓缩的精华，可以使读者迅速准确地识别该篇科技论文的关键信息。
一般而言，摘要应是在论文正文完成之后反复琢磨修改才得以完成，使读者体会到论文的系统性与学术性，体现出该篇科技论文的价值所在。
但是，达晋编译在工作实践中归纳发现，许多译者在科技论文摘要英译中常出现以下几类的言语失误。
一、格式错误。
根据国家标准GB6447-86中的定义，期刊英文摘要不应出现多段阐述。
但在部分篇幅较长的期刊科技论文摘要中，多段阐述的现象并不鲜见。
二、人称错误。
根据国家标准GB6447-86中的规定，期刊英文摘要应采用第三人称陈述，科技论文摘要通篇不应出现“this paper”“we”以及“I”等第一人称用语。
同时，如祈使句等默认主语为第二人称的句式亦应避免出现。
三、语体错误。
科技论文摘要所使用的文字属于正式的书面语体，因此所选用的词、短语和句型皆应符合正式书面语体的风格。
例如，“fire”就属于非正式语体，应当替换成正式语体用词“flame”；“use up”替换成“exhaust”或“consume”；等等。
四、语法错误。
在科技论文摘要英译过程中最常见的言语失误是语法错误。
其中包括: 逗号叠加、主被动使用不当、指代含混、连词使用不当等言语失误。
逗号叠加是指两个简单句没有连词连接，仅仅靠逗号连接的现象，常见于学生习作。
主被动使用不当通常是指被动语态的过度使用。
例如，主从复合句中主句和从句皆采用被动语态，就属于此类典型错误。
指代含混指科技论文中的代词难以理清究竟指代的是前文的哪个词或短语。
连词使用不当多指并列连词和从属连词同时出现在一个句子中的现象。
语法错误的类型多样，错误例句比比皆是，严重干扰读者的正确理解，应引起重视和纠正。
五、文体紊乱。
科技论文摘要英译中受到汉语思维的影响，单纯罗列事实，不加考虑各个意群之间的内在逻辑关系，从而造成句子内部和句间层次混乱不清，逻辑关系紊乱。
科技英语写作-中国人英语写作错误举例
+The Most Common Habits from more than 200 English Papers written by Graduate Chinese Engineering Students（中国研究生英文论文写作常见错误分析）By Felicia Brittman（上海交大外籍教师）This paper presents some of the most common Chinese-English habits observedfrom over two hundred English technical papers by Chinese writers. The habits are explained and in most cases, example text from an actual paper is given along with preferred text. An attempt is made to explain how to correct and prevent such mistakes.In some cases a possible explanation of why the habit occurs is also given. This paper can serve as an individual guide to editing technical papers especially when a native English-speaking editor is unavailable.IntroductionMost Chinese universities require their doctoral and master candidates intechnical and scientific fields to publish at least one English paper in an international journal as a degree requirement. However, many factors make this task difficult to accomplish. First, previous English studies may not have focused enough on writing, let alone （更不用说，遑论）technical writing. Current studies may not include English, causing the writer’s English fluency level to decline. Second, most writers have never lived in an English speaking country. Third, due to the special aspects of technical writing, even native English-speaking engineering students have a technical writing course as part of their study.Too often, students’ papers are returned unaccepted(未被接受的，副词) because of poor English. If available, students may have their papers edited by a native English speaker. However, this can get expensive for a department that has many students with each paper typically needing to be edited twice. Hiring someone to edit papers is difficult, costly and only puts a patch（小弥补）over the problem. A native English speaker can do a good job at getting rid of （摆脱）most of the grammatical mistakes. However, if this person does not have a technical background, particularly in the area of the papers he is editing, he is unable to get rid of all of the mistakes and make sure that the meaning is clear. He cannot recognize the incorrect translation of technical terms for which there is a standard word. Such mistakes will not be picked up by the processor’s spelling and grammar checker. In addition, if they are not familiar with the topic or field, they may not grasp the meaning of the entire article and fail to make critical edits.Hiring a person with a technical background similar to that of the papers being edited is a better option. Nevertheless, while a person with a technical background may be able to edit the paper sufficiently, he may not be able to explain to the writer how to prevent such mistakes in the future. Besides, it is difficult for most Chinese universities to hire such staff simply for editing. Universities may consider inviting a visiting scholar who will edit papers in addition to doing research or teaching as part of an exchange.Although editing may be the fastest way to publish papers, it does little in the way of teaching the writers how to prevent common mistakes and colloquial（口语，会话）habits that prevent a clear understanding of the writer’s ideas. Writers who have alreadyobtained an impressing command（很好的掌握）of the English language can only truly benefit if they are made aware of（使，被弄清楚，懂得）），their common mistakes and colloquial habits and how to prevent them.PurposeThe purpose of this report is to introduce the most common habits in Chinese-English writing as noted from the over two hundred papers I have edited. The habits include grammar mistakes, colloquialisms（口语，白话）, and formatting problems and in most cases prevent a clear understanding of the writer’s ideas. A few of the habits, such as writing extremely long sentences, can be corrected with careful use of the MS Word® grammar and style checker. However, most habits, such as missing articles, go unnoticed by （未被察觉）automatic grammar checking devices. Still, Chinese-English colloquial habits are not recognized by such software tools.StructureThe common habits are presented in two sections. The first section lists the habitsthat, in my opinion, need the most attention. These habits interrupt the flow of the paper making it difficult to understand and occur most frequently. In this section, the habits are explained, example sentences from actual papers are given to show the habits, and the sentences are rewritten to show the correct way to write them. In the case of missing articles, a flow chart is also given to aid in choosing the correct articles.In the second section, an additional list of habits is given. In some cases, example sentences are given. In other cases, advice is given. The second section is very useful in becoming familiar with small nuances（微妙之处）.Not all of the common habits I observed are presented mainly because they can only be dealt with on an individual basis. For example, writers had difficulty titling（为文章写标题）their papers and naming new technical ideas to express their contents and functions concisely.This problem frequently occurred but it can only be addressed individually. Once writers are aware of their habits, they would be able to write better technical English articles.Section 1 冠词的使用错误“a, an, the”The single most common habit is the omission of articles a, an, and the. Thisoccurs because Mandarin has no direct equivalent of articles and the rules for using them are somewhat complicated for a non-native speakers.Articles signal that a noun will follow and that any modifiers between the articleand the Section 1“a, an, the”The single most common habit is the omission of articles a, an, and the.！This occurs because Mandarin has no direct equivalent of articles and the rules for using them are somewhat complicated for a non-native English speaker.Articles signal that a noun will follow and that any modifiers(修饰词语) between the article and the noun refer to（提及，涉及，指，表示）that noun (a big blue bicycle / the first award).A and an are indefinite articles; the is a definite article（定冠词）. Every time a singular noncountable(uncountable) noun or a common noun that names one countable item is used ,the noun requires some kind of determiner(限定词).Mistake: The, a, and an are 1) omitted where they are required, 2) used where theyare not needed or contribute to wordiness 3) used wrongly in place of the correct article. Examples of incorrect usages:Incorrect Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on surface of main（主叶片）and splitter blades（分流叶片）Correct Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on the surface（？）of the main and splitter blade s.Incorrect The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be a 3D modeling tool; it isgood at dealing with free surfaces and curves.4Correct The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be the 3D modeling tool; it isgood at dealing with free surfaces and curves.4There was only one 3D modeling tool used in this study, therefore ‘3D modelingtool’ is specific and requires the article the.Incorrect A theoretical method for calculating the inner flow-field in centrifugalImpeller（离心式推进器）with splitter blades and （遗漏了一些内容）of the interactions between main and splitter blades is presented in this paper. The vortices（涡旋）are distributed on the main and splitter blades to simulate the effects offlows. Systematical study of number and distribution of vortices isconducted.15Correct A theoretical method for calculating the inner flow-field in a centrifugal impeller with splitter blades and an investigation of the interactionsbetween main and splitter blades is（两个主语？））presented in this paper. The vortices are distributed on the main and splitter blades to simulate the effects offlows. A systematical study of the number and distribution of vortices isconducted.15Incorrect Theoretically, remanufacturing could fully take advantage of resources contained in EOF product thereby minimizing impact on environment tothe greatest extent compared to landfill or recycling of materials;consequently it contributes greatly to resource conservation.16Correct Theoretically, remanufacturing could fully take advantage of resources contained in an EO F（L？）product thereby minimizing the impact on the environment to the greatest extent compared to（with）landfill（垃圾填埋）or recycling （回收利用）of materials; consequently it contributes greatly to resource conservation.16Definitions:Articles：Also called determiners or noun markers（名词标记）, articles are the words a, an, and the.A and an are indefinite articles（不定冠词）, and the is a definite article（定冠词）. Articles signal that a noun will follow and that any modifiers（修饰词语）between the article and the noun refer to that noun. ( a cold , metal chair/ the lightning-fast computer). Determiners ：A word or word group, traditionally identified as an adjective, that limits anoun by telling how much or how many about it. (expression of quantity, limiting adjective, marker) They tell whether a noun is general (a tree) or specific (the tree). The is a definite article. Before a noun, the conveys（表达）that the known refers to a specific item (the plan). A and an are indefinite articles. They convey that a noun refers to an item in a nonspecific or general way (a plan).Common nouns（普通名词）A noun that names a general group, place, person, or thing: dog,house.Count noun（可数名词）A noun that names an item or items that can be counted: radio, streets, idea, fingernails.Noncount（uncountable？）nouns A noun that names a thing that cannot be counted: water, time.Specific noun （专有名词）A noun understood to be exactly and specifically referred to; uses the definite article the.Nonspecific noun（非专有名词）A noun that refers to any of a number of（？）identical items; it takes the indefinite articles a , an.Long SentenceVery long sentences are especially common in Chinese-English writing becausethe writers often translate directly from Chinese to English. Although, in Chinese writing it is acceptable to put several supporting ideas in on sentence to show their relationship, in English, the main idea and each supporting idea is typically written in separate sentences.One can usually recognize a very long sentence by its length –sixty words ormore. However, sentences of smaller lengths can also be too long if they contain multiple statements that confuse the main idea. Long sentences can be avoided by limiting each sentence to one or two topics. Semicolons(；) should be used where the writer really wants to emphasize the relationship between ideas.Too long ：According to the characteristic of fan-coil （风机盘管式）air-conditioning systems, this paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on the heat transfer theories andputs forward a new method to gauge cooling named Cooling Metering on the Airside,which can monitor the individual air-conditioning cooling consumption during a period of time by detecting the parameters of inlet air condition –temperature and humidity – of the fan-coilair-conditioning system as well as the parameters of inlet cooling water provided by the chiller.5Correct This paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on the characteristicsof fan-coil air-conditioning systems and heat transfer theories, and puts forward a new method to gauge cooling called Cooling Metering on the Air-side. The new method can monitor individualair-conditioning cooling consumption during a period of time by detecting the condition of inlet air –temperature and humidity –of the fan-coil air-conditioning system as well as the parameters of the inlet cooling water provided by the chiller（冷却器）.Too long The gear transmission is grade seven, the gear gap is 0.00012 radians, the geargap has different output values corresponding to any given input value, nonlinearityof the gear gap model can be described by using the phase function method, the existing backlash block in the non-linear library of the Matlab/zdimulink toolbox can be used, the initial value of gear gap in the backlash block is set to zero.9Correct The gear transmission is grade seven. The gear gap, which is 0.00012 radians, has different output values corresponding to any given input value. The nonlinearity of the gear gap model can be described by using the phase function method. The existing backlash block in the non-linear library of the Matlab/zdimulink toolbox can be used; the initial value of gear gap in the backlash block is set to zero.Another type of super-long sentence that frequently occurs in technical papers isthat of a list. The writer wants to give a large amount of data, usually parameter values, and puts this information into one long, paragraph-sized sentence. However, the best way to give such type and quantity of information is to tabulate it (put it in a bulleted list,采用列表形式).Too long …where m is the mass of the heavy disk mounted at the mid-span of a massless elastic shaft, e is the eccentricity（偏心）of the mass center from the geometric center of the disk, φis the angle between the orientation of the eccentricity and the ξaxis, kξand kηare the stiffness coefficients in two principal directions of shaft respectively, c is the viscous damping coefficientof the shaft and the disk, c i is the inner damping coefficient of shaft, ωis the rotating speed, ξs and ηs are the components of initial bend in directions of ξ,ηaxes respectively: ξs = r b cosθ,ηs = r b sinθ.1Correct Where（采用以下列表方式较佳）m is the mass of the heavy disk mounted at the mid-span of a massless elasticshaft,e is the eccentricity of the mass center from the geometric center of the disk,φis the angle between the orientation of the eccentricity and theξaxis,kξand kηare the stiffness coefficients in the two principal directions of the shaft,c is the viscous damping coefficient of the shaft and the disk,c i is the inner damping coefficient of the shaft,ωis the rotating speed,ξs and ηs are the components of initial bend in directions of ξ,ηaxes, respectively: ξs = r b cosθ,ηs = r b sinθ.Too long The clear height of the case is 6.15 meters; the thickness of the roof is 0.85meters; the thickness of the bottom is 0.90 meters, the overall width is 26.6meters, the overall length of the axial cord is 304.5 meters, the length of thejacking section is about 148.8 meters; the weight of the case is about 24127tons.3Clear Case clearance height 6.15 meters•Roof thickness 0.85 meters•Bottom thickness 0.90 meters•Overall width 26.6 meters•Overall length of the axial cord 304.5 meters•Length of the jacking section 148.8 meters (approx.)•Weight of the case 24127 tons (approx.)Prefacing the main idea of a sentence by stating the purpose, location or reason firstChinese writers often preface the main topic of a sentence by first stating thepurpose, location, reason, examples and conditions as introductory elements. However, this has the effect of demoting（削弱，降级）the importance of the main idea and making the reader think the author is indirect. So, it is suggested that bring the main idea to the beginning of the sentence, stating any locations, reasons, etc., afterwards.Incorrect For the application in automobile interiors, this paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing. 5Correct This paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturingfor application in automobile interiors.Incorrect Especially when numerical control (NC) techniques[4] are widely used inindustry and rapid prototype methods[5][6] bring a huge economical benefits, theadvantage of constructing 3D model[7][8][9] becomes extremely obvious.2Correct The advantage of constructing a 3D model[7][8][9] becomes extremely obvious especially when numerical control (NC) techniques[4] are widely used in industry and rapid prototype methods[5][6]，bring a huge economical benefits.Incorrect Inside the test box, the space was filled with asbestos.(测试盒内填满了石棉)Correct The space inside the test box was filled with asbestos.Incorrect In practice, we employed this approach to dispose a wheelhouse（驾驶室）subassembly of one kind of auto-body, and the results show that this method is feasible.16Correct We employed this approach to dispose a wheelhouse subassembly of one kind ofauto-body, and the results show that this method is feasible.Incorrect To ensure sheet metal quality as well as assembly quality, CMMs（三坐标测量机）are widely used in automotive industry production.Correct CMMs are widely used in automotive industry production to ensure sheet metal quality as well as assembly quality.Tendency of placing phrases which indicate time at the beginning of a sentence （表示时间的句子部分方在句首）Incorrect When U is taken as the control parameter, the BDs for Δ=0.0, 0.001, 0.005are shown in Fig. 8.Correct Figure 8 shows the BDs for Δ=0.0, 0.001, and 0.005 when U is taken as thecontrol parameter.Place the most important subject at the beginning of the sentence for emphasisIncorrect Based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CADmodel, the extended STL format is described in this section.4Correct The extended STL format is described in this section based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model.Incorrect The 3D dentition defect（齿形缺陷）and restoration models（复原模型）are designed precisely with complex surfaces.4Correct The 3D dentition defect and restoration models with complex surfaces are designed precisely.Respectively‟ and …respective‟Respectively refers to two or more persons or things only in the order they were previously designated or mentioned. In this case the use of respectively is to allow thewriter to give a lot of information without confusing the reader or writing several short sentences.Respectively is usually at the end of the sentence.For example: Bobby, Nicole and Daren wore red, green and blue coats, respectively.List 1 List 2Bobby wore a red coat.Nicole wore a green coat.Daren wore a blue coat.The uses of these two words are usually incorrect or confusing as in the following examples.1. Respectively is misplaced（放错位置）in the sentence; it is put before the nouns to which it refers.Incorrect Equations 2～6 can be respectively linearized as:......(equations given) (13)Correct Equations 2～6 can be l inearized as:……(equations given)…, respectively.Incorrect The weights (权)of the two experts are respectively 0.600 and 0.400.19Correct The weights of the two experts are 0.600 and 0.400, respectively.2. Respectively is inserted to express that there is a certain order in which something was done. However, the order is already implied elsewhere in the sentence or does not needto be expressed because it does not add value to meaning of the sentence.（以下句中的respectively是多余的）Incorrect If both the core technology score and core quality score of a bottleneck processare, respectively, below certain scores, then we refer to strategy 1, otherwise, if either is, respectively, above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 2. Similarly, if the core technology and core quality are, respectively, above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 3, otherwise, if either is, respectively, below a certain score, then we refer to strategy 4.19Correct If both the core technology score and core quality score of a bottleneck process are below certain scores, then we refer to strategy 1, otherwise, if either is above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 2. Similarly, if the core technology and core quality are above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 3，otherwise, if either is below a certain score, then we refer to strategy 4.3. In addition to 2, it is unclear to what ‘respectively’ refers.Incorrect The dynamic characteristics of a rotor with asymmetric stiffness or with initialWarp（翘曲）hve been studied before respectively [1-4]Correct The dynamic characteristics of a rotor with asymmetric stiffness or with initialwarp have been studied before [1-4].Incorrect The inlet and outlet temperature of the air cooler were measured using two thermocouples respectively.17Correct The inlet and outlet temperature of the air cooler were measured by using two thermocouples.…In this paper‟, …in this study‟Two errors occur when these phrases are used. The first is overuse. In somepapers written by Chinese, these phrases can occur as much as twice per page. In papers written by native English writers these phrases are reserved for primarily two uses(主要用于两种情况)1. In the introduction and conclusion to emphasize the content of the paper.2. In the body of the paper, after referring to work not done by the author such as inother journal articles or in standard.（而正文里，仅在谈到作者没有做到的作之后用）Therefore, if either phrase occurs more than three times in a paper, its use is questionable.（使用三次以上就得质疑）Actually, the reader is aware that the work presented is by the author (unless the author states otherwise) so there is no reason to repeat these phrases.The second error is more subtle（含糊不清）two phrases are interchanged.Awkward In this paper, IDEAS was used to ….Correct In this study, IDEAS was used to….Awkward In the paper, a n SZG4031 towing tractor is used as the sample vehicle, its cmponents’ quivalent physical parameters (零部件的当量物理参数) are obtained by UG design and esting.9Correct In this study, a n SZG4031 towing tractor is used as the sample vehicle, its com ponents’equivalent physical parameters (零部件的当量物理参数) are obtained by UG design and testing.9 The ‘study’ is the work the author/s did. The paper is the mode to present this work andis what the reader is reading. Keep in mind the writer can also use other phrasessuch as ‘in this research’, and ‘this paper present’.Numbers and EquationsTwo very common errors are those concerning the presentation of Arabic numerals, and equations. Chinese writers usually write Arabic numerals instead of spelling out the word. The use of Arabic numerals, itself, is not an error however; they should never be used at the beginning of sentences.Incorrect 12 parameters were selected for the experiment.Correct Twelve parameters were selected for the experiment.In addition, Arabic numerals are overused. Arabic numerals should be used to give data in technical papers, however they should not be used to give general information. Incorrect All 3 studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30°C.Correct All three studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30°C.This probably stems from the fact that Mandarin is a symbolic language and not alphabetic. Thus, the writer will find it easier to write a symbol that expresses the idea instead of the word. This problem is even more serious when equations are used in place of words ay that is not practiced by native English speakers. (中国作者常常喜欢在句子中用数学方程式代替词语表达，而英美作者不这样写)Consider the following examples.Equations should be introduced as much as possible, not inserted in place of words. Most journals, like the International Journal of Production Research, discourage(不主张) the use of even short expressions within the text.Incorrect If the power battery SOC > SOC lo and the driving torque belongs to themid dle load,…Correct If the power battery SOC is greater than SOC lo and the driving torquebelongs to the middle load,…Format (格式问题)Paragraphs（段落）A paragraph is a group of sentences that develop one topic or thought.Paragraphs are separated to indicate the end of one idea or thought and the beginning of another. All English paragraphs start on a new line with an indent of about one inch（缩进1英寸）or with an extra line（另起一行）between the two paragraphs. The latter is more typical for business writing.（商务写作）Chinese students are often puzzled by separating paragraphs; they may have one of two errors: One error occurs when the writer fails to distinguish between two paragraphs. Although the new paragraph starts on a new line, there is no indentation,（缩格）therefore, the reader is not aware of the change in paragraphs or ideas. The seconderror occurs when a paragraph is preceded by a single sentence on a single line. The single line is indented along with the succeeding paragraph .This commonly occurs in Chinese texts but is never done in English.‘Figure’ and ‘Table’The abbreviations for figure and table are Fig. and Tbl, respectively. However,the abbreviation of table Tbl is rarely seen in text. One can also write fig. for figure. However, one should choose one convention and use it throughout the paper. You should not switch among Figure, figure, Fig, or fig. In addition, abbreviations are not used at the beginning of sentences and a space belongs(应被放在) between the word/ abbreviation and the number.（缩略词和数字之间应留空格）Incorrect Figure.6, Figure6, Fig.6, Tbl10Correct Figure 6, Fig. 6, Tbl. 10（注意，6，10 和前面的.之间留有一空格！）Variables （变量字母要用斜体字！）Variables, especially those of the English alphabet, should be italicized in technical papers to distinguish them from English words. Of course, this depends on thestyle required by the journal.Capitals（大写字母）Be careful that capitals are not in the middle of the sentence.Incorrect In table 1, The mark…Correct In table 1, the mark……such as‟ and …etc.‟Such as and etc. are commonly misused by Chinese-English writers. Such asmeans ‘for example’ and implies that an incomplete list will follow; etc. means ‘and so on’ and is used at the end of a list to show it is not complete. Therefore, using such as and etc. together is redundant（多余）.（不可将such as 和etc. 以及and so on 同时使用）Incorrect Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainlyfocus on durable products such as automobile motors, printers, and etc.11Correct Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainlyfocus on durable products such as automobile motors, and printers.Such as means that an incomplete list will be given and should not be used when a complete list is given.Incorrect Compared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has three characteristics such as high complexity, high precision and high automation.Correct Compared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has threecharacteristics: high complexity, high precision and high automation.Section 21) Some words have identical singular and plural forms and do not need an s added on to make them plural. These words include:•literature (when referring to research)•equipment,•staff (referring to a group of people)•facultyaircraft2) Avoid redundancy in the following types of phrases frequently used by Chinese writersInstead of Say Or sayResearch work Research WorkLimit condition Limit conditionKnowledge memory Knowledge MemorySketch map Sketch mapLayout scheme Layout schemeArrangement plan Arrangement planOutput performance Output performanceSimulation results results simulationKnowledge information Knowledge informationCalculation results results calculationApplication results Results Application3) Certain words demand that the noun they modify is plural. These include different, various, and number words.Different node Different node sVarious method Various method sTwo advantage Two advantage sFifteen thermocouple Fifteen thermocouple s4) Never write ‘How to…’ at the beginning of a sentence.No How to find the optimal parameter is the main objective.Yes Determining how to find the optimal parameter is the main objective.7) Do write ‘the results are shown in Figure 2’. Do not write ‘the results are showed as Figure 2’.8) Italicize variables appearing in the text to differentiate them from words. This is especially important when the variables are English alp habets. Write ‘The graph shows t, a, and C as a function of time’. Do not write ‘The graph shows t, a, and C as a function of time’.（变量要用斜体字）9) Refrain from using the word obviously in a technical paper in the following wayNo Obviously, detecting regimes by means of PMH maps is a novel method.8Yes Detecting regimes by means of PMH maps is a novel method.810) International papers should not use location dependant terms such as ‘at home’,‘abroad’, ‘here’, ‘our country’ because the reader most likely is not Chinese and not in。
科技英语写作指南改错总结
科技英语写作指南改错总结在科技领域，准确、清晰且规范的英语写作至关重要。
然而，在实际的写作过程中，我们常常会出现各种错误。
以下是对科技英语写作中常见错误的总结和改正方法。
一、语法错误1、主谓不一致这是一个常见且容易被忽视的问题。
例如，“The data shows”应为“The data show”，因为“data”是复数形式，谓语动词应使用相应的复数形式。
2、时态混乱在描述实验过程或研究结果时，时态的使用应保持一致。
比如，不能在同一段落中，前面用一般过去时描述过去的实验步骤，后面又突然用现在完成时来总结结果。
3、冠词误用不定冠词“a”和“an”的使用要根据后面单词的发音。
若单词以元音音素开头，用“an”；以辅音音素开头，用“a”。
例如，“an hour”（“hour”以元音音素开头），“a university”（“university”以辅音音素开头）。
4、名词单复数错误科技英语中，名词的单复数形式需要根据具体语境准确使用。
例如，“analysis”的复数形式是“analyses”，“phenomenon”的复数形式是“phenomena”。
二、词汇错误1、用词不当选择词汇时，要确保其准确性和专业性。
例如，“effect”和“affect”，“effect”是名词，“affect”是动词，不能混淆使用。
2、拼写错误这是比较基础但也容易出现的问题。
例如，“definitely”常被错写成“definately”，“separate”常被错写成“seperate”。
3、近义词混淆科技英语中有很多意思相近的词，但在具体语境中的用法不同。
比如，“accurate”和“precise”，“accurate”强调准确性，“precise”强调精确性。
三、句子结构错误1、句子成分残缺例如，“Due to the rain, made the road slippery”这个句子缺少主语，应改为“Due to the rain, the road became slippery”2、句式杂糅将两种不同的句式结构混在一起，导致句子混乱。
科技英语写作语法错误举例
例11 None of the samples was soluble. →None of the samples were soluble. [说明] Refers to individuals.
例12 This group of workers are well aware of their responsibilities. →This group of workers is well aware of its responsibilities. [说明] Refers to the group as a unit.
4 Awkward Omissions of Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs
Be sure that each subject in a compound sentence has the proper verbs and auxiliary verbs. 例22 The eluant was added to the column, and the samples collected in 10-mL increments. →The eluant was added to the column, and the samples were collected in 10-mL increments.
1 简明
例 As can be seen from Fig.1, growth is rapid. → Growth is rapid (Fig.1). Fig.1 shows that growth is rapid.
As shown in Fig.1 … → Fig.1 shows …
科技英语写作语法错误举例
from: The ACS Style Guide, Chapter 2
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【错误翻译】This kind of new method have the advantage of high efficiency, easy adjustment.
专业外语—— 科技英语写作中典型错误分析
例1
【汉语原句】 这种新方法具有效率高、容 易调整的优点。
【错误翻译】This kind of new method have the advantage of high efficiency, easy adjustment.
【错误翻译】This kind of new method have the advantage of high efficiency, easy adjustment.
推荐翻译：This device is characterized by (its) easy operation and low price.
【错误翻译】The features of this device are easy in operation and low in price.
例4
【汉语原句】强调指出了光强随圆柱体直径变化 的正弦规律。
【正确翻译】This paper first discusses the features of this signal, and then describes its generation.
【错误分析】语法上，本句没错误。但由于这是一 个并列复合句，一般来说两个并列句中的语态 （有时时态）应该一致。所以做如下修改。
【错误分析】本句主语是features，所以其表语不 能用easy in operation and low in price,而只能用 名词短语,这叫做“主表对等”。如果主语是具 体的东西，我们就可以说This device is good in quality。
【正确翻译】The features of this device are easy operation and low price.或 The device features easy operation and low price.
【错误翻译】The features of this device are easy in operation and low in price.
【正确翻译】The features of this device are easy operation and low price.或 The device features easy operation and low price.
【错误翻译】The sine law of the variance of the light intensity brought due to the variance of the cylinder diameter has been pointed out emphatically.
【错误翻译】The sine law of the variance of the light intensity brought due to the variance of the cylinder diameter has been pointed out emphatically.
【正确翻译】This new method has the advantages of high efficiency and easy adjustment.
【错误分析】 (1)不用this kind of new method， 汉语中的“种”如果在英语中表示只有一种东 西时，不能或不必译出来，如“一种算法”， “一种方法”，“一种元素”；(2)have→has； (3)优点有两个，所以advantages →advantage； (4)优点只有两个，所以之间的连接用and而不用 “，”，更不能用“、”。
【正确翻译】 The sine law of the variation of the light intensity with the cylinder diameter has been emphasized.
【错误分析】不妥有三处。(1)科技文中“变化” 常用“variation”或“change”，而很少用 “variance”；(2)A随着B变化应用固定搭配， “the variation of A with B”；(3)point out emphatically 虽然表达没有错，但是常用 emphasize。
例2
【汉语原句】本文首先讨论了这种信号的特点， 然后讨论了它的产生。
【错误翻译】This paper first discusses the features of this signal, and then its generation is described.
【错误翻译】This paper first discusses the features of this signal, and then its generation is described.
【正确翻译】This paper first discusses the features of this signal, and then describes its generation.
推荐翻译：This paper begins with the discussion on the features of the signal, followed by the description of its generation.
【错误翻译】This paper first discusen its generation is described.
例3
【汉语原句】这台设备的特点是操作简便，价格 低廉。
【错误翻译】The features of this device are easy in operation and low in price.