中国石化职称英语考试通用英语1-15课
《通用英语选读》第1课—第15课请同学们认真作答。
Vocabulary and GrammarLesson 11.The oil Industry of India has traveled a long distance from the ____jungles of Digboi to thedeep-blue ____of Bombay High.A. steam, waterB. steamy, watersC. steamy, waterD. steamy, waters Translation:2 It has, through the decades, ______ technical excellence, established a firm infrastructure .A. strived forB. striven forC. strove onD. striven onTranslation:3 The triumphant milestones encountered so far: Nahorkatiya, Moran, Bombay High _____A. to call a few thingB. to say a few thingC. to name a few oil wellsD. and so onTranslation:4 ____is needed is the great leap forwardA allB thatC whatD whichTranslation:5The nation can rest___ that the oil industry is fully aware ___its responsibility .A assured ,ofB assuring ,onC assured ,withD assuring ,ofTranslation:6 We can expect OIL and ONGC to bring their operations the finest ____managerial ,technical and interpretative skillsA in contrast toB in connection withC in terms ofD in comparison with Translation:7 We can trust them to update their knowledge in the ____world of ideasA explodingB explodedC expoundingD expoundedTranslation:8 We can trust them to constantly remain ___the spear-head of progress.A onB inC atD withinTranslation:9 However, there is one ingredient of success which cannot be ___in the classroom.A importedB impartedC imposedD impressedTranslation:10This is what a distinguished 19 century French mineralogist calls the passion of the pioneer which goes on to describe as “the blend” of an optimism that cannot ____failure ,of a ___that is fanatic in its intensity .A complete ,perseveranceB contemplate ,perseveranceC contempt ,perseveranceD content ,perseveranceTranslation:11 Through the corridors of time and the forests of the night ,she is silently exhorting us ____alive this pioneering spirit .A keepingB keptC to keepD to keepingTranslation:12 It’s important that we respond to this summons for ,quite simply ,it is a summons ___ greatness.A toB ofC inD withTranslation:Lesson 21___in 1918, this 24-cent stamp with a blue plane inside a rose border became the center of ___ attention.A printing, manyB printed, muchC to be printed, muchD to be printing, many Translation:2 One hundred of the stamp ____ to the public became known as “inverts”.A soldB sellC sellingD to sellTranslation:3 The plane was printed ____.A upsideB downC upside downD upwardTranslation:4 These airmail stamps are new worth ever $6,000, so they are ____.A worth collectingB worthy collectingC worth to collectD worth collecting them Translation:5 The story of these stamps began ____ May 14,1918.A onB inC atD fromTranslation:6 They were placed ____.A to saleB on saleC for saleD with saleTranslation:7 When the clerk handed him a sheet of the stamps, Robey noted that they were poorly ____.A centerB centeredC to centerD centeringTranslation:8 About noon Robey came back, and the same clerk was ____.A on dutyB in dutyC with dutyD at dutyTranslation:9 He ____the new sheets and handed one to Robey.A reachedB reached outC reached forD reached inTranslation:10 The collector’s heart stood still as he saw that the sheer ____ had inverted centers.A which has offered himB which has been offered himC which had offered himD which had been offered himTranslation:11____ by his find, Robey shopped other branch pool offices.A excitingB having excitedC excitedD having excitingTranslation:12 ____ a rich man, Robey decided to cash in ___ his good fortune.A Having not a rich man, onB Being not a rich man, inC Not being a rich man, \D Not being a rich man, onTranslation:13 He ____ the first offer of $500 from a Washington stamp shop owner.A turned upB turned downC turned overD turned toTranslation:14 No one else wanted to ____the sheet for fear that Robey’s ____ not be the only upside-down sheet.A bade on, mayB bid on, mightC bid, mightD bade, may Translation:15 These stories ____.A proves to be falseB proves falseC proved to be falseD is proved falseTranslation:16 Robey left New York without having ____, and stopped in Philadelphia ____ home.A made sales, on the wayB made a sales, in the wayC made a sale, on the wayD made sales, by the wayTranslation:17 … the same collector whom Robey had failed ____in Texas.A in contactingB to contactingC to contactD on contactingTranslation:18 … and that Klein phoned him there and sold him the sheet, _____, for $20,000!A sight seeingB sight unseenC seeing sightD unseen sightTranslation:19 Of the 100 stamps first bought by Mr. Robey, stamp collectors are now able to ____ 90.A account toB account forC turn to accountD take into accountTranslation:20 A single such stamp has been sold for ____$6,500.A as much asB as many asC as most asD as more asTranslation:21 ____much this valuable stamp is bought and sold, …A no matter whatB no matter howC no matter whereD no matter when Translation:Lesson 31 Take a cell and through appropriate biological repairing, you can caves it ____ into a duplicate of yourself.A to growB growC growingD grewTranslation:2 ____ the spring of 1996, a book was published.A OnB InC ByD AtTranslation:3 An elderly millionaire succeeded ____ a clone.A to produceB to producingC in producingD producingTranslation:4 The book caused a small ____.A uprightB uprisingC uproarD upsetTranslation:5 Clone movies and clone jokes ____ overnight.A took upB made upC built upD sprang upTranslation:6 A group of scientists demanded that the federal government ____ all the studies.A revealedB having revealedC revealD have been revealedTranslation:7 But some ____ biologists offered their opinion.A distinguishableB distinguishedC distinguishingD distinguishfulTranslation:8 Cell researchers simply do not yet know enough to ____ such a feat, even if they are anxious to.A pull upB pull downC pull offD pull onTranslation:9 We are on the ____ of a new age in the biosciences.A thesholdB thresholdC thresherD threshTranslation:10 If so, the recipe for cloning people should be quite simple, at least ____.A in realityB in theoryC in practiceD in factTranslation:11 But it is still a far cry from the ____ complicated experiment on the carbon copy of human beings.A more muchB much moreC most muchD more mostTranslation:12 One ____ expectation is the crea tion of a new bread of Einstein’s.A favorB favorableC favoriteD favoringTranslation:13 It is more than genetic make-up ____ makes an individual.A thatB whichC whenD whyTranslation:14 People are all products of a particular historical time and of special environment, with so many ____ things affecting the way they develop each and every day.A minuteB minorC mirrorD minerTranslation:15 Fortunately, cloning research is not a technique _ reproductive purpose, but ____ cure human diseases.A to, forB for, toC to, toD for, forTranslation:16 Already biologists studying the cell’s inner workings and the various methods of cloning have made exciting discoveries that may finally lead to ____ in fighting against cancer.A breakdownsB breakthroughsC break offsD breakupsTranslation:Lesson 41 Recent intrusions into the lives of public figures have highlighted the lack ____ laws guardingprivacy in Britain.A ofB forC \D aboutTranslation:2 As a result, one issue ____ discursion as Parliament returns this week is the possible introduction of legislation to curb press powers.A inB atC withD underTranslation:3 It is also considering the ways ____ the press has invaded the private lives of the famous.A thatB in whichC whichD in thatTranslation:4 This proposal, which was not acted ____, would have made it unlawful to photograph people ____ private property or record their conversations without permission.A upon, inB on, onC in, onD in, withTranslation:5 The committee said that the press should be allowed to invade the privacy of a public figure only when it was____ to expose or prevent criminal activity.A likelyB possiblyC probablyD perhapsTranslation:6 The private lives of Government ministers and members of the Royal Family have ____ prominently in the press.A figuredB featuresC feversD featuredTranslation:7 Some sections of the media justify their intrusion____ saying it is in the public interest.A inB byC atD withTranslation:8 Politicians and others ____ their lives.A are accountable forB account forC accounting forD are accounted forTranslation:9 Privacy laws, these critics say, would protect _____.A the privilegeB privilegeC privilegedD the privilegedTranslation:10 Hence, some editors say they are justified in ____ private lives to uncover any faults.A prying intoB looking intoC going intoD bringing intoTranslation:11 Therefore, it is argued that its members should ____ responsible private lives.A livesB lifeC leadD leadsTranslation:12 Critics of media intrusion say it is hurtful to the individual ____.A involvingB involvedC have involvedD have involvingTranslation:13 As well as the debate ____ privacy and the press, there is another issue that civil-liberty groups think is a greater threat ____ people’s freedom.A to, toB on, onC to, onD on, onTranslation:Lesson 41.Recent intrusions into the lives of public figures have highlighted the lack ___ laws guardingprivacy in Britain.A. ofB. forC. /D. aboutTranslation:2.As a result, one issue ___ discussion as Parliament returns this week is the possibleintroduction of legislation to curb press powers.A.inB. atC. withD. underTranslation:3.It is also considering the ways ___ the press has invaded the private lives of the famous.A.thatB. in whichC. whichD. in thatTranslation:4.This proposal, which was not acted ___, would have made it unlawful to photograph people___ private property or record their conversations without permission.A. upon, inB. on, onC. in, onD. in, withTranslation:5.The committee said that the press should be allowed to invade the privacy of a public figureonly when it was ___ to expose or prevent criminal activity.A. likelyB. possiblyC. probablyD. perhapsTranslation:6.The private lives of Government ministers and members of the Royal Family have ___prominently in the press.A. figuredB. featuresC. feversD. featuredTranslation:7.Some sections of the media justify their intrusion ___ saying it is in the public interest.A.inB. byC. atD. withTranslation:8.Politicians and others ___ their lives.A. are accountable forB. account forC. accounting forD. are accounted forTranslation:9.Privacy laws, these critics say, would protect ___.A.the privilegeB. privilegeC. privilegedD. the privilegedTranslation:10.Hence, some editors say they are justified in ___ private lives to uncover any faults.A.prying intoB. looking intoC. going intoD. bringing intoTranslation:11.Therefore, it is argued that its members should ___ responsible private lives.A.livesB. lifeC. leadD. leadsTranslation:12.Critics of media intrusion say it is hurtful to the individual ___.A.involvingB. involvedC. have involvedD. have involvingTranslation:13.As well as the debate ___ privacy and the press, there is another issue that civil-liberty groupsthink is a greater threat ___ people’s freedom.A.to, toB. on, toC. to, onD. on, onTranslation:Lesson 51.It was just noon ___ that 25th day of April, 1945.A.onB. atC. inD. forTranslation:2.I had ___ my first minutes of combat.A.gone intoB. gone throughC. gone overD. gone backTranslation:3.My job was to drop ___.A.chaffB. staffC. shellD. bulletTranslation:4.An enemy shell had ___ a hole in the floor of the airplane.A.tornB. rippledC. rippedD. ripedTranslation:5.They were the little ___ of tin that confused enemy radar.A.bunchesB. bunchC. bundleD. bundlesTranslation:6.Three inches ___ the left and it would have cut some cables.A.atB. toC. inD. onTranslation:7.It would ___ down to smash in the mountains below.A.dashB. streakC. goD. strikeTranslation:8.I guess most of the ___ forgot about the jet that has us in its sights.A.crewB. staffC. groupD. crowdTranslation:Lesson 61.But even if you never give another speech in your life, you still have much to ___ fromstudying public speaking.A.gainB. grainC. trainD. rainTranslation:2.The training is ___ for every type of communication.A.worthlessB. invaluableC. costlessD. chargeableTranslation:3.In conversation, almost without thinking about it, you ___ a wide range of skills.A.applyB. employC. deployD. multiplyTranslation:4.You tailor your message ___ your audience.A.aboutB. forC. toD. inTranslation:5.You ___ to feedback from your listener.A.adaptB. adoptC. applyD. analyzeTranslation:6.It usually imposes strict time limitations ___ the speaker.A.inB. onC. aboutD. withTranslation:7.Listeners ___ negatively to speeches loaded with slang, jargon, and bad grammar.A.actB. reactC. interactD. transactTranslation:8.Public speaking demands a different method of ___.A.deliverB. deliveryC. delicateD. deleteTranslation:9.Effective speakers adjust their voices ___ the larger audience and work avoiding distractingphysical mannerism and verbal habits.A.at, toB. in, atC. to, atD. to, forTranslation:10.Your speech class will give you an opportunity to gain confidence and make your nervousnesswork for you ___ against you.A.more thanB. most thanC. rather thanD. other thanTranslation:11.You will take a big step toward overcoming stage fright if you think positively, choose speechtopics you really care about, prepare thoroughly, and concentrate ___ communicating with your audience.A.onB. atC. inD. forTranslation:12.The speech communication process ___ includes seven elements.A.on the wholeB. at a wholeC. as a wholeD. to the wholeTranslation:13.The speaker is the person who ___ a speech transaction.A.initialB. initiateC. initiationD. initiativeTranslation:14.Whatever the speaker communicates is the message, which is sent ___ a particular channel.A.by all meansB. by no meansC. by any meansD. by means ofTranslation:15.Interference is anything that ___ the communication of a message.A.impelsB. importsC. impedesD. impairTranslation:16.The interaction of these seven elements is what determines the ___ in any instance of speechcommunication.A.outcomeB. incomeC. becomeD. welcomeTranslation:17.They do this by doing well-informed ___ their subjects, being honest ___ what they say, byusing sound evidence, and by employing valid reasoning.A.on, atB. on, inC. about, onD. about, inTranslation:Lesson 71.Y ou don’t need a sophisticated grasp of mechanical engineering, ___ of “wear debris particleanalysis”…(1)A. complex B. many C. quantity D. quality(2)A. let it go B. let down C. let off D. let aloneTranslation:2.“Wear particles, or debris can be see n as the product of the ___ of material from surfaces inrelative motion, especially when a machine enters an ___ wear mode.”A.remove, innormalB. removal, imnormalC. removal, abnormalD. remove, abnormalTranslation:3.Bits fall off machines ___ especially when they start to ___.A.break throughB. break upC. break overD. break downTranslation:4.But academics ___ talk like that.A.are supposing toB. suppose toC. supposeD. are supposed toTranslation:5.This example is part of a thesis that appears to ____ at Swansea University.A.have plagiarizedB. have been plagiarizingC. have been plagiarizedD. have being plagiarizingTranslation:6.This case ___ when a student from Sierra Leone appealed against a decision not to award hima Ph. D.A.brought to lightB. came to lightC. gave lightD. hid lightTranslation:7.When he became ___ the matter, he found three examples of direct copying of Ph.D. theses inthe department.A.concernB. concerningC. concernedD. to concernTranslation:8.Substantial chunks appeared to have been copied from a 1993 Ph. D. thesis.rgeB. hugeC. large quantities ofD. bigTranslation:9.“Particle” is sometimes replaced with “debris” when describing the ___ left in machine oil.A.residentsB. residuesC. resemblesD. reservoirTranslation:10.“I believe academic standards, particularly in the ___ of post graduate research, are wanting.”A.suppositionB. superiorityC. supervisionD. superstitionTranslation:11.He is ___ University of Wales to conduct an inquiry.A.calling forB. calling atC. calling inD. calling onTranslation:12.No one in the engineering department have the necessary ___ to supervise his work.A.expertiseB. expertC. experienceD. explanationTranslation:13.He alleges that his department took five months to provide him ___ the oil necessary to hisresearch.A.toB. withC. forD. inTranslation:14.His appeal is ___ consideration.A. onB. underC. aboutD. forTranslation:Lesson 81.When we talk about ears, we usually mean the oddly wrinkled appendages ___ the sides ofour heads.A.inB. onC. besideD. atTranslation:2.We are aware that ___ the end of the central hole in this outer ear there is something called themiddle ear.A.atB. in C by D. withinTranslation:3.Animals such as dogs and cats also have ___ outer ears.A.considerableB. consistentC. conspicuousD. constructiveTranslation:4.Hunters know that birds are attracted by ___ calls.A.artisticB. assumingC. assemblyD. artificialTranslation:5.You should be as quite as possible if you don’t wa nt to go home ___.A.emptily-handedB. empty-handC. empty-handedD. emptily-handTranslation:6.biologists have discovered that practically all animals have ___ sense of hearing or vibration.A.someB. aC. /D. certainTranslation:7.The inner ear ___ delicate membranes.poses ofB. is composed ofC. is composing ofD. composesTranslation:8.What message is carried by a macula ___ how it is effected.A.depend onB. depending onC. depends onD. depended onTranslation:9.This spiral-shaped organ ___ the macula itself.A.containB. containsC. is contained ofD. is contained inTranslation:10.It is called “organ of Corti” ___ its discoverer.A.toB. forC. atD. afterTranslation:11.This is something like the way ___ high and low sounds are produced by a flute or whistle.A.whichB. thatC. in whichD. in thatTranslation:12.Scientists must explore much ___ for more knowledge about how animals use their ears.A.furtherB. featherC. fartherD. fatherTranslation:Lesson 91.Their job was to ___ whales.A.captainB. capture c. capital D. capitalistTranslation:2.They are good stories to read because they always ___ adventure.A.tell ofB. talk ofC. speak ofD. speakTranslation:3.___ the whaling ship you would hear a man shout.A.AbroadB. AboardC. BoardD. BroadTranslation:4. A crew of men ___ to work stripping the great whale of its blubber.A.setB. settingC. setsD. settsTranslation:5.It is for the valuable oil in blubber ___ whales are hunted.A.whichB. thatC. whereD. in whichTranslation:6.Whales cannot breathe under water, but must come above water for air ___ thirty or fortyminutes.A.everyB. aC. someD. certainTranslation:7.The whales’ lookouts watch for the misty steam of water when the whale ___.A.exhaustB. inhaustC. inhaleD. exhaleTranslation:8.Although it may weigh ___ twenty elephants, this giant of the sea feeds ___ sea plants andanimals.A as many as , onB as much as, onC as many as , withD as much as , withTranslation:9. It often dives thousands of feet down into the ocean ____ its favorite dirrerA searchB search forC in search ofD in search forTranslation:10 Many a whale ___ battle scar.A carryB carriesC carringD carriedTranslation:11 It could ___ the early whaling boats with one lash of its powerful tailA turn onB turn offC turn downD turn overTranslation:12 They make its ___ into clothing and its flesh into foodA furB featherC skinD hideTranslation:13 The blubber is used___ fuel.A toB forC withD atTranslation:14 ___, this greasy, ill-smelling product is used in making fine perfumesA strange enoughB enough strangeC strangely enoughD enough strangelyLesson 10. Permeability1. So far permeability is referred to rock conditions _____a single-phase fluid saturation was considered. (where)2. In petroleum reservoirs, however, the rocks are usually _____with two or more fluids, such as interstitial water, oil. and gas.(saturated )3. Effective permeability is introduced here to describe the _____flow of more than one fluid. (simultaneous)4. In the definition of effective permeability each fluid phase is considered to be completely _____of the oilier fluids in the flow network. (independent)5. The effective permeability is a relative measure of the conductance of the porous medium for one fluid phase _____the medium is saturated with more than one fluid. (when)6. This definition of effective permeability implies that the medium can have a distinct and _____conductance to each phase _____in the medium. (,measurable, present)7. Experiments have _____that effective permeability is a function of the prevailing fluid saturation, the rock-wetting characteristics, and the geometry of the pores of the rock. (established )8. The effective permeability is _____some numerical value at some given saturate conditions. (stated as)9. _____k is the accepted symbol for permeability, Ko, Kw, Kg are the respected symbols for the effective permeability to oil, water, and gas_____. (Just as, respectively)10. The saturation’s, if known, should be specified to define completely the conditions _____a given effective permeability exists. (at which)11. _____the previously defined permeability, many values of effective permeability now exist, one for each particular condition of fluid saturation. (Unlike) 12. Effective permeability’s are normally measured directly in the laboratory_____small core samples. (on)13. _____the many possible combinations of saturation for a single medium, laboratory' data are usually summarized and reported as relative permeability. (Owing to)14. Relative permeability is defined as the effective ratio of the effective permeability of a fluid at a_____ value of saturation _____the effective permeability of that fluid_____100 per cent saturation. (given, to, at )15. It is normally assumed that the effective permeability is the same for all fluidsat 100 percent saturation, this permeability_____ the permeability of this porous medium. (being denoted as)16. In addition, there are many instances _____not two fluids, but three fluids exist in the rock simultaneously. (when)Lesson 11. A World without Oil1. Have you ever stopped to think how your life would change if the world _____oil? (ran out of)2. If you are comfortably cool in a tropical_____, your air conditioning unit may also depend on oil-fed generators.(climate)3. Cosmetics such as face creams, lipsticks and hair preparations are often____petroleum. (based on)4. Fertilizers and insecticides made _____petroleum can improve crop production.(from)5. Recently protein feeds for animals _____by growing yeast in a petroleum based stock. (have been developed )6. Scientists predict that the world's known oil resources will _____early in the next century. (run out)7. There is an old English saying, "necessity is the mother of invention," _____that when you _____a need you will discover some way of fulfilling it. (which means, are faced with)8. One company has _____an idea _____metal strips inserted in pavements and roads operate fly wheels by means of a piston action using hydraulic fluid. (parented, in which)9. Engines can _____alcohol, so surplus sugar cane could be used to produce energy. (run on)10. Such "sun ship" would have a large enough surface area to carry the enormous number of solar cells necessary to move any _____load. (appreciable )11. In such circumstances, of course, the tropical parts of the world would havea _____in the race to find new energy sources. (head start)Lesson 121 Rock and soil samples and information of many other kinds have become ___ in recent yearsA accountableB considerableC availableD possibleTranslation:2 Many felt___ the astronauts could bring back to earth some strange infectionA it was a chance thatB there was a chance thatC it is a chance thatD there is a chance thatTranslation:3 Like the earth ，the moon is in___, with a crust on the outside and a deep mantle belowA liarsB layersC lavaD leadTranslation:4 It has the same chemical elements___ have the earth and the rest of the solar system but in verydifferent___.A that, amountsB which, numbersC as, amountsD that, numbersTranslation:5 The surface itself ranges from heat of 23F to cold of ___290F, depending upon where the sun isA plusB minusC majorD minorTranslation:6 The moon was born someplace else in the solar system and then ___ by the earth，s gravityA captainedB capitalizedC capturedD cappedTranslation:7 ___, all we have learned from space flights ，the moon is still a riddle from the distancepastA Despite ofB DespitedC In spiteD In spite ofTranslation:Lesson 131 The most interesting things are the ——and face cards.A suitesB suitsC sweetsD sortsTranslation:2 With ___ imagination, you can see the handle and the blade.A fewB a fewC littleD a littleTranslation:3 The club looks a little like a three-leaf___ design.A coverB cloverC colorD columnTranslation:4 These man made themselves famous ——their courage and braveryA atB inC forD withTranslation:Lesson 141 This provision is made in____ with the General Principles of the civil lawA accordB accordingC accordanceD accordanceTranslation:2 ___ with that of the three existing contract laws, the scope of application of the Draft contract law is___ enlargedA comparing, appreciablyB compared, appreciablyD compared, appropriately D comparing, appropriatelyTranslation:3 The basic principles of the contract law____ the Draft contract law are as follow:A provide withB provideC provided withD provided forTranslation:4 With equal legal status, the parties to contract enjoy according to law the right to___a contract voluntarilyA includeB excludeC concludeD decludeTranslation:5 No party may impose his own will___ another.。
中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课 (10)
11.A Handful[n.一把；少数] of History. 扑克-手中的历史.1. The next time you do a card trick（把戏）-remember this. You’re playing with history. The playing cards we use today are much like those used for hundreds of years. The most interesting things are the suits and face cards. A "suit" of a playing card is not a thing to be worn（wear）. It means Hearts, Spades[(spade):n.铲,铁锹], Diamonds[(diamond):n.钻石；金刚石]or Clubs. The figures[(figure):n.数字]are placed on each card with the number or value[n.价值；益处]of the card. The face cards are the Jacks, Queens, Kings, and, of course, the Jokers[(joker):n.爱开玩笑的人].1、当你下一次玩扑克的时候，要记住这些。
你正在与历史进行游戏。
今天我们用的扑克，几乎与数百年前的扑克相差无几。
最有意思的东西是扑克里的“套”和“脸牌”。
扑克中的“套”不是什么可以穿的东西。
它意味着红心、黑桃、红方块、或者梅花。
牌面的数标志着牌的顺序或价值。
带脸的牌是杰克、皇后、国王、当然还有鬼。
分析：next time下次；used 引导的过去分词短语修饰those; hundreds of years 数百年；单词：trick=把戏； figure=数字； value=价值；2. What do you think the suits stand for? Let's take the Hearts first. When you say that an athlete[n.田径运动员]has a lot of heart, what do you mean? You mean that he is brave. So, you see, the King of Hearts is a "brave[adj.勇敢的] king".2、你认为“套”代表什么意思？让我们先看红心。
中石油职称英语考试教程
2.America's Luckiest Stamp Find(参考译文：美国最幸运的邮票的发现)1.The first United States airmail stamp has had an interesting story.printed in 1918,this 24-cent stamp with a blue plane inside a rose border became the center of much attention. One hundred of the stamps sold to the public became known as "inverts", for the plane was printed upside down.Some of these "upside-down" airmail stamps are now worth over $6,000.1.关于美国的第一枚航空邮票有一个有趣的故事。
这枚面值仅24美分的邮票印刷于1918年，玫瑰花边的中间有一架蓝色的飞机，成为人们关注的中心。
因为蓝色的飞机被印颠倒了，仅仅有一百枚这种“倒转”邮票卖给公众。
现在，有些这种“倒转”航空邮票价值超过6000美元。
2.The story of these stamps began on May 14,1918,the day after they were placed on sale.In Washington,D.C.,W.T.Robey,a man interested in stamps,decided to buy a sheet of the new stamps and so went to the New York Avenue branch post office in Washington.When the clerk handed him a sheet of the stamps Robey noted that they were poorly centered.He looked at other sheets and found that none was well centered.The clerk asked Robey to return later in the day when more stamps were expected.2.关于这些邮票的故事发生在1918年5月14日，该日是它们开始销售的第二天。
中石油 职称英语考试2013版(通用选读)
中石油职称英语考试2013版通用选读目录1.The Value of Time 时间的价值.............................................................................................................................2.English is a Crazy Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言 ..........................................................................................3.All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的... .....................................................................................................4.How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判（新） ...........................................................................work Security 网络安全 ..................................................................................................................................6.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料.............................................................................................................7.Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself 无人驾驶汽车 ......................................................................................8.Our Family Creed 家族的信条..............................................................................................................................9.The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术 ........................................................................................................10.Sweep a Fuel Craft Invest Fever 清洁能源行业投资热潮 .................................................................................11.Smoking and Cancer 吸烟和癌 ...........................................................................................................................12.The Positive Meanings of Love 爱的真谛...........................................................................................................13.Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits?运动有奇效吗? ................................................................................14..Taking chances,Making chances 抓住机遇，制造机遇....................................................................................15.The Province of Alberta 阿尔伯达省 ..................................................................................................................16.The American Way: Family 美国人的家庭观.....................................................................................................puters Give Big Boosts to Productivity计算机技术极大提高生产效率.....................................................18.The Principles of International Trade国际贸易原理 ..........................................................................................19.A World without Oil 假如世界没有石油............................................................................................................20.The Germanic Languages日耳曼语系 ................................................................................................................21.How Americans Eat and Drink 美国人的饮食 ....................................................................................................22.The Delights of South Island 南岛之乐...............................................................................................................23.A Sandpiper to Bring You Joy 矶鹞带来快乐......................................................................................................24.An Introduction to Distillation 蒸馏概述............................................................................................................25. Hints to Improve Spoken English 提高英语口语须知.......................................................................................26.The Moon-Riddle from the Past月球-来自远古之谜.........................................................................................27.The Delight of Books 书之乐趣...........................................................................................................................28.The Magic of Energy 能的魔力 ...........................................................................................................................29.How to Reduce Employee Turnover如何减少员工流失....................................................................................30. That "Other Woman" in My Life 我生命中的“另一个女人”.............................................................................31.Geography of USA 美国地理概况 ......................................................................................................................32. The Old Man and the Sea (Excerpt) 参考译文：老人与海(节选) ....................................................................33.Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学.....................................................................34.What Do Parents Owe Their Children 父母欠子女什么？ ................................................................................35.Trends for 21st Century21世纪的趋势...............................................................................................................36.You Bet Your Life 以命相赌 ................................................................................................................................37.Radiation and Human Health辐射与人体健康 ..................................................................................................38.To Be Content with One's Lot乐天知命..............................................................................................................39.I Didn't Know How to Teach Until I Met You 直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学..................................................40.An Introduction to Petrochemicals 石油化工产品概述 ....................................................................................41.The Subject of Smiling微笑问题 .........................................................................................................................42.A $210,000 WALLET1 价值21万美元的钱包....................................................................................................43.What's Your Best Time of Day?何时是你一天中最佳的时间？ ........................................................................44.Fundamental Techniques in Handling People 处理人际关系的基本技巧 ........................................................45.Happiness Index幸福指数 ..................................................................................................................................46.Becoming Wealthy:It's Up to You 致富取决于你自己.......................................................................................47.Oil 油 ...................................................................................................................................................................48.Ocean Plant Life in Decline海洋植物数量锐减..................................................................................................49.Cultural Taboos文化禁忌....................................................................................................................................50.Managing In a Global Environment 在全球环境中进行管理............................................................................51.Not Quite Ready to Retire1 退休为时尚早 ........................................................................................................52.Sales Promotion 产品促销..................................................................................................................................53.Another Happiness 另一种快乐 .........................................................................................................................54.Why To Mark a Book 为什么在书上做标记 ......................................................................................................55.Earth's Last Frontier:The Sea 海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域 ..........................................................................56.Why Antarctica Is Being Explored 为什么要勘探南极洲...................................................................................57.Listening Faults 聆听的误区 ...............................................................................................................................58.Your Are What You Think 你认为自己是什么样的人，就是什么样的人 .......................................................59.The Audacity of Hope 有希望则无所畏惧 .........................................................................................................60.Future of Energy能源的未来 ..............................................................................................................................1.The Value of Time 时间的价值1."Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.1、谚语说：“时间就是金钱。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》_第1-10课 课后练习及答案
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试课后练习及答案目录1.SIX GOLDEN RULES FOR MEETING MANAGEMENT主持会议六大准则（2016新增） (2)2. NETWORK SECURITY 网络安全(2013版) (2)3 .ALL I LEARNED IN KINDERGARTEN 幼儿园所学的... . (4)4. HOW TO NEGOTIATE WITH AMERICANS 如何与美国人谈判(2013版) (5)5.CARBON-BASED ALTERNATIVE 碳基替代燃料（2010版） (7)6. AUTOMATIC AUTO: A CAR THAT DRIVES ITSELF 无人驾驶汽车(2013版) (9)7 OUR FAMILY CREED 家族的信条（2007版） (11)8 THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING 公共演讲的艺术(2007版) (13)9. OIL AND GAS GENERATION油气生成（2016版新增） (16)10.THE DRESS CODE FOR OFFICE LIFE办公室的着装礼仪（2016版新增） (16)1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增）课后练习：1.If you are asked to chair【主持，椅子】a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting ____.A. treatmentB.requirementC.managementD.improvement2.If you begin on time, group members who ____ late will realize the value of time.A.bring upe upC.dress upD.show up3. You may need to refer back to【查阅，重新提及】an issue ____ was discussed during the meeting at a later date.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.where4. ____, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than【而不是】really listening to other people.A.TraditionallyB.AdditionallyC.ConditionallyD.Exceptionlly5.Many times important issues can get sidetracked【转变话题的】in a meeting, _____ when everyone has a different opinion about the topic.A.essentiallyB.entirellyC.extremelyD.especially6. If you ____ a conflict【冲突】prior to【在……之前】the meeting, discuss the issue with participants【参与者】in advance【提前】.A.anticipateB.participateC.preserveD.announce7. If an unanticipated【不曾预料到的】conflict develops once the meeting is in progress 【进行中】, either appoint a subcommittee【小组委员会】to ____ the problemA.look intoB.look onC. look overD.look through答案：1C 2D 3A 4B 5D 6A 7A2. Network Security 网络安全(2013版)课后练习：1.Internet ____ theft 【失窃】is a growing—and very costly【昂贵的，expensive】—problemA.identifyB.identityC. identicalD.identification2. All offers ____ require payment【付款】or private information before giving an award 【奖品】are bogus【假冒的】.A.whatB.whoC.whoseD.that3. Take the time to ____ the validity【合法性】of an offer.A.check outB.look outC.make outD.pick out4.Thoroughly【彻底地】conduct a background【背景】check【核实】on the company, ____ as many phone calls and Internet searches as you can.A.madeB.makesC.makingD.make5. If ____, visit a local law enforcement【执行】office and ask their opinion.A.in doubtB.in caseC.in conditionD.in detail6. ____ people who report such crimes, ____ criminals are arrested.A. the more; the moreB. the more; moreC. more; moreD. the most; the most答案：1B 2D 3A 4C 5A 6A补充练习：1. Use the ____ version of your web browser.A. laterB. lastC. latestD. late2. ____ conduct a background check on the company, making as many phone calls and Internet searches as you can.A. ThoughB. ThroughlyC. ThorughD. Thoroughly3. Don't ____ secure websites using public Wi-Fi.A. accessB. acessC. processD. accesses4. Sign up for alerts ____ your mobile phone or email.A. to send toB. to be sent toC. to be sentD. to sent to5. your bank and credit card accounts weekly.A. monitoB. monitoredC. monitorD. monitoring答案：1C 2D 3A 4B 5C3 .All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的…课后练习：1.Grandpa ___ to water the flowers now, It’s going to rain soon.A.isn’t needingB.needn’tC.doesn’t needD.needs2.Have you watered the flower? I don’t think this kind of flower need ____ every day.A.waterB.wateringC.be wateredD.being watered3.___ he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race.A.IfB.SinceC.ThonghD.When4.____ interesting story it is!A.What aB.thatC.whichD.since5. Put things back ____ you found them. (2010年考题)A.whereB.thatC.whichD.since6.You ___ yourself about money(2010年考题)A.need not worryB.have worryC. are not being worriedD.need’n be worried7. No matter how old you are, when you go out into the world, it _____ to hold hands and stick together.A. would betterB. had betterC. be betterD. is better8. Goldfish and hamsters all die. ________.A. So do usB. So we doC. So are weD. So do we9. Think of what a better world ______ if we all had cookies and milk about 3 o’clock every afternoon.A. would it beB. it would beC. will it beD. it going to be答案：1C 2B 3A 4A 5A 6A 7D 8D 9B补充练习：1、When you go out into the world, watch for traffic, hold hands and _____ together.A. stickB. stuckC. strikeD. struck2. Put things back _______ you found them.A. whatB. whileC. whereD. which3. It would be a better world if we all _____ with our blankets for a nap.A. lay downB. laid downC. lain downD. lied down4. Don't take things .A. that aren't yoursB. which aren’t youC. that aren’t youD. which are n’t yours答案：1A 2C 3A 4A4. How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判(2013版)课后练习：1.___ wants to succeed【成功】in the US needs to remember the rules of the game.A.WhoeverB.whateverC.whomeverD.whenever2. Yet a euphoric approach to business is ___ enough.A. by all meansB. by means ofC. by no meansD. by means for3. he attitude【态度】"time is money" has more ___ on business communication in the US than it does anywhere else.A.discussB.containC.evaluateD.influence4.Present【介绍】and market【推销】your case in a ___ way.A.positiveB.possibleC.previousD.private5.When doing business in the US, you should take the following considerations into ___.A.adventureB.accountC.adviceD.ambition答案：1A 2C 3D 4A 5B补充练习：1. Its business culture, ____has brought the world "shareholder value" and "IPOs", ___ commercial thinking in recent years and will continue to do so.A. which; has leadedB. which; has been leadingC. that; has leadedD. that; has been leading2. Yet a euphoric approach _____ business is by no means enough.A. intoB. withC. toD. on3. Although business communication in the US is pleasant and easygoing, it is at the same time ____ focused.A. ruthlessB. ruthlesslyC. ruthlessness4. ____ a personal relationship with the business partner is not as important as ____ results.A. Developing; gettingB. Developing; to getC. To develop; gettingD. To develop; to get5. For this reason, many US __ contain the provision "time is of the essence" within their preamble.A. contactsB. contentsC. contendsD. contracts6. The negotiation will ___ in a well-prepared, calm and pragmatic manner, all laced ___a substantial dose of humor.A. proceed; withB. process; withC. process; inD. proceed; in7. Religion, politics or ethnic background should be touched on ___.A. cautiouslyB. cautiousnessC. cautiousD. caution8. Do not ____ your negotiating partners' relaxed style of communication.A. are misled byB. misled byC. be misled byD. be misled9. The casual attitude in the US does not mean ___ no hierarchy in US companies.A. that isB. there isC. there areD. that are答案：1B 2C 3B 4A 5D 6A 7A 8C 9B5.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料（2010版）课后练习：1. Although recent years have seen ______ reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing.A. substantialB. substanceC. submitD. subjective2.The number of such vehicles ___ steadily increasingA.have beenB.had beenC.having beenD.has been3.There is a serious liability ___ performance and fuel efficiency.A.in time ofB.in case ofC.in terms ofD.in honour of4.At a rough estimate,Nigeria is _____ Great BritainA.three times as big asB.three times as bigger asC. as three times big asD.as three times gigger as5. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about ___ methanolA.twice as expensive asB. twice as more expensive asC. as twice more expensive asD. as twice expensive as6. the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. ____, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide that exceed legally established limits.【2010年考题】A.ContinuouslyB.ConsequentlyC.ConsantlyD.Consistently7. All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels _______ molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whose8. The hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to _____ ozone.A generalB generationC generateD generous9. The combustion of larger molecules, _____ have multiple carbon-carbon bonds involvesa more complex series of reactions.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. who10. Ethanol is commonly used ____ a gasoline supplementA.forB.toC.byD.as11.Henry and Tom ___ to the particles at the Trade Union every Saturday(2010年考题)ed to goB.were used to goC.are used to goD.ues to go12. Vehicles ____ only the simplest of the engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.A. corporateB.cooperatingC. operatingD. incorporating答案：1A 2D 3C 4A 5A 6D 7D 8C 9B 10D 11A 12D补充练习：1. Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles ____ .A. have been steadily increasingB. has been steadily increasedC. has been steadily increasingD. have been steadily increased2. Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone that _____ legally established limits.A. succeedB. proceedC. exceedD. excess3. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle _____ is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels.A. permissionB. emissionC. omissionD. Mission4. There is a growing realization that the only ___ way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels.A. effectiveB. efficientC. sufficientD. Supplement5. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likelyto _____ uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere.A. leaseB. releaseC. pleaseD. relief6. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have _____.A. drawbacksB. setbackC. drawerD. backward7. Ethanol and methanol have important advantages _____ other carbon-based alternative fuels.A. onB. overC. byD. with8. It is currently about ______ as methanol.A. twice as expensive asB. as twice expensive asC. as expensive twice asD. expensive as twice as9. Methanol's most attractive feature is that it can reduce ____ about 90 percent the vehicle emissions.A. ofB. inC. onD. by10. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more ____ than gasoline clone vehicles fueled with methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel.A. effectiveB. efficientC. sufficientD. supplement答案：1C 2C 3B 4A 5B 6A 7B 8A 9D 10B6. Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself 无人驾驶汽车(2013版)课后练习：1.The car will be guided by a differential GPS system that corrects errors ___ in global positioning satellite signals.A.arisingB.riseC.raiseD.arouse2. GM envisions【设想，想象】a system ___ the Mobility InternetA.callingB.callC.callsD.called3. How much control you want to turn over to the car may __ your age and where youare goingA.depend onB.call one onD.go on4. On vacation with the family the driver may want to __ and talk to the kidsA.turn upB.turn toC.turn onD.turn around5. Taking the fun out of the driving is not our main goal—we'd like to help people enjoy __A. to driveB.driveC.drivesD.driving6. But they should make the ___ if they want to drive or (they) press the autopilotbutton.A.decisionB.decideC.departureD.depart答案：1A 2D 3A 4D 5A补充练习：1. It is an early step toward a robo-car that can drive itself, perhaps ____ .A. better than youB. better than you canC. better you can2. The TTS run will demonstrate ____ the car can take curves as fast as a human driver—without driving off a cliff.A. asB. thatC. whenD. whether3. The car will be guided by a differential GPS system that corrects errors arising in global positioning satellite signals ____ they travel through the ionosphere and troposphere.A. asB. thatC. whatD. where4. Second, the car needs ____ collisions.A. to be able to avoidB. being able to avoidC. to be able to avoiding5. Some of these capabilities have already hit the street, and others %___ in tests.A. has been demonstratedB. have been demonstratedC. have demonstrated6. GM envisions a system ___ connects intelligent cars to each other and to remote servers in a vast, moving peer-to-peer network that would let them ____ efficiently and in sync.A. that; to travelB. which; travelC. where; travelD. that; travel7. How much control you want to turn over to the car(主语) may depend on your age and ____.A. where are you goingB. where you are goingC. where do you go toD. that you are going8. Taking the fun out of the driving（主语）is not our main goal—we'd like to ___.A. help people to enjoy to driveB. help people enjoy to driveC. help people enjoy drivingD. help people enjoying to drive答案：1B 2D 3A 4A 5B 6D 7B 8C考点：使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的“不完全”及物动词，主要有make(使,令)，let(让)，help(帮助)，have(叫)等，其后的不定式“不带to”。
中石化系统职工职称考试英语学习材料
中石化系统职工职称考试英语学习材料1.Shopping Around the Web网上购物2.Disputes over Domain Names域名之争3. Does Travel Broaden the Mind? 旅游开阔思路吗？4. Wind Power风力5. An Introduction to Distillation蒸馏概述6. Permeability渗透率7. Becoming Wealthy: It's Up to You致富取决于你自己8. A New Definition of Marketing关于营销的新定义9. Clocks through Time钟的历史10. Tips on Tipping给小费的学问11. Disaster in Oil石油海难12. When Will We Cure Cancer? 我们何时能治愈癌症13. Bursting into Life生命的爆发14. A World without Oil假如世界上没有石油15. Oceans Need Our Attention海洋需要关注16. This Is No Way to Save the Earth拯救地球，此法不通17. The Second Internet Revolution (2) 第二次因特网革命（1）18. The Second Internet Revolution (2) 第二次因特网革命（2）19. Can We Make Garbage Disappear? 我们能消除垃圾吗？20. Dreams of the Master大师之梦21. Elixirs for Your Memory提高记忆力的灵丹妙药22. Rage for the Machine日本的机械情结23. The Language Barrier（产品跨国销售中的）语言障碍24. Dolly's False Legacy多利的错误遗赠25. What Is History? 历史是什么？26. Reservoir Fluid Properties油藏流体27. Technology and Its Positive Impact on Kids技术及其对孩子们的正面影响28. Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences石油地质学与其它科学29. Could Your Phone Cause Cancer? Don't Get Hung up on It你的手机能引发癌症吗？别太担心30. The Theory of Multitasked Competition多市场竞争理论31. The Information Superhighway--From Expectation to Realization信息高速公路棗从期望到实现32. Life's Twisted Plotline: DNA交织缠绕的生命线索：脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）33. OPEC and the Voice of Doom欧佩克注定要重蹈覆辙？34. How to Make People Smaller Than They Are? 怎样使人变得渺小35. Collaboration? Very Cool合作？太棒了36. An Introduction to Petrochemicals石油化工产品概述37. Better Refinery Gas Utilization更好地应用炼厂气38. Electric Tales--21st Century Books21世纪的电子书籍39. Winston Churchill--His Other Life温斯顿?丘吉尔棗生活的另一侧面40. The Biotech Century生物技术的世纪41. PC-on-A-Chip单芯片电脑42. Sowing the Seeds of a New Revolution新革命的开端43. Energy in Transition变革中的能源44. How Does Marketing Differ from Education and Force of Law? 营销同教育和法律行为有何区别？45. Sales Promotion产品促销46. A Bumper Crop of Biotech生物技术获丰收47. Ages of Effective Source Beds有效烃源岩的时代48. Porosity孔隙度49. Anchors油管锚50. Electronic Engineering电子工程。
中石化 职称英语 教材
第三部分UNIT 1 Composition of Petroleum石油的组成Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, toxic, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, and other organic compounds, that are found in geologic formation s beneath the Earth’s surface.. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. It is refined and separated, most easily by boiling point, into a large number of consumer products, from gasoline and kerosene to asphalt and chemical reagent s used to make plastics and pharmaceutical s.石油或原油是天然形成的、有毒的、可燃性的液体，是含有不同分子量的碳氢化合物以及其它有机化合物的复杂混合物。
它是在地球表面下的地址层中发现的。
石油大部分是通过石油钻探开采得到的。
石油很容易按不同馏程进行炼制和分离成为大量的消费产品，从汽油、煤油到沥青以及用作制造塑料和药品的化学试剂。
In its strictest sense, petroleum includes only crude oil, but in common usage it includes both crude oil and natural gas. Both crude oil and natural gas are predominantly a mixture of hydrocarbons. Under surface pressure and temperature conditions, the lighter hydrocarbons methane, ethane, propane and butane occur as gases, while the heavier ones from pentane and up are in the form of liquids or solids. However in the underground oil reservoir the proportion of gas and liquid varies depending on the subsurface conditions, and on the phase diagram of the petroleum mixture.严格意义上说，石油仅仅包含原油，但是在惯用法上，它包含石油和天然气。
中国石化专业技术人员英语学习参考完整版
第一部分通用英语Part OneEnglish for General PurposesUNIT 1 How to be Happy如何获得幸福ExercisesA. Translate the following sentences into English.1．吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和(domestic upset)有很大影响。
2．在职场上，如果一个同事对我们表示威吓的话，会造成难以言表的抑郁情绪(unwretchedness)。
3．我们不可能适应这种敌对关系，这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康。
4．如果这种坏情绪长时间留在人们的心里，会让人陷入无法解决的恶性心理困境。
5．我们不应当回避这些问题，而是要正确面对它们。
B. Read the text and translate it into Chinese.There are many benefits to being happy. Happier people tend to be healthier, live longer and eam more. They also tend to volunteer more, be better at relationships and smile more of what psychologists call “Duchenne" or genuine smiles. What is less well understood is why happiness is contagious.According to James Fowler and Nicholas Christakis, authors of the international bestseller Connected, people surrounded by many happy friends, family members and neighbours who are central to their social network become significantly happier in the future. More specificallyi they say we will become 25 per cent happier with our life if a friend who lives within a mile of us becomes significantly happier with his or her life.Similar effects are seen in co-resident spouses (8 per cent happier); siblings who live within a mile of each other (14 per cent); and next-door neighbours (34 per cent). What this implies is that the magnitude of happiness spread seems to depend more on frequent social contact (due to physical proximity) than on deep social connections. Alas, for some reason this doesn't translate to the workplace.So, why is happiness contagious? One reason may be that happy people share their good fortune with their friends and family (for example, by being pragmatically helpful or financially generous). Another reason could be that happy people tend to change their behaviour for the better by being nicer or less hostile to those close to them. Or it could just be that positive emotions are highly contagious.【参考答案】阅读理解1. The formula refers to H (happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary choices you make).2. Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise.3. If we need our TV, radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates our kindness and consideration to our neighbors.4. Our unhappiness often comes from poor relationships with others.5. What you can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or learn to move on.【练习参考答案】A．汉译英1. Noisy neighbors are one of the major causes of domestic upset.2. A colleague at work who bullies or dismisses us creates untold wretchedness.3. We can never fully adapt to hostile relationships, which inevitably damage our wellbeing.4. If this bad mood stays inside our mind, it will lead us to an unresolved destructive depression.5. We should not avoid these problems but face them instead. B．英译汉幸福有许多好处。
中国石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案
花了一天时间做了一份真题答案，特做几点申明：1、仅为参考答案，由于水平问题，可能与每个人的答案会有出入，见仁见智吧，毕竟官方不给出标准答案。
2、作答依据大部分来源于网上搜索，尽可能地找到原题出处，实在无法找到出处的根据个人理解给出答案。
3、每题后列出了题目出处，并做出简单解析。
前40题错误应该不多，阅读理解部分无法保证全对。
中石油职称英语考试2016年真题及参考答案解析I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are some sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.1、In most countries, the crime of murder carries harsh penalties.A. unconsciousB. thriveC. severeD.prudent【参考答案】C【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的2、I tell my mother about my trials at work and brag about the kids.A. lieB. boastC. secretiveD. feel awkward【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。
中石油职称英语考试通用选读2016版1-10课
- .中石油职称英语考试2016版通用选读目录1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management (1)work Security 网络安全 (2)3.All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的... .. (4)4.How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判 (5)5.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料 (7)6.Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself 无人驾驶汽车 (9)7.Our Family Creed 家族的信条 (11)8.The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术 (13)10.The Dress Code for Office Life 办公室的着装礼仪 (17)1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则If you are asked to chair a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management.如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。
1.Always start the meeting on time. If you begin on time, group members who show up late will realize the value of time. Beginning on time reflects skill as an effective time manager and sets a precedent for others to follow.1、总要准时开会。
如果你准时开始，晚到的与会者意识到时间的价值。
中国石油职称英语考试通用教材
1. President Hu Urges Efforts to Ensure Global Energy Security.（胡锦涛主席敦促国际社会协同努力保障全球能源安全）1. The international community should take joint efforts to ensure global energy security, Chinese President Hu Jintao said in St. Petersburg, Russia on July 17.2. "To ensure global energy security, we need to develop and implement a new energy security concept that calls for mutually beneficial cooperation, diversified forms of development and common energy security through coordination," Hu said in a written speech to the outreach session of the G8 summit.3. While global energy security is crucial to the economic growth and people's livelihood of all countries, the world peace and stability, and common development, "few countries can achieve energy security without joining in international cooperation," he stressed.4. In this regard, efforts should be made in the following three priority areas, Hu said.5. First, cooperation should be enhanced for mutual benefit in energy development and utilization.6. "To ensure global energy security, it is important to strengthen dialogue and cooperation between energy exporters and consumers and among major energy consumers," he said.7. He urged the international community to strengthen policy coordination and improve mechanisms for monitoring the international energy market and responding to energy emergencies.8. Second, a system for R&D and extension of advanced energy technologies needs to be put in place, Hu said.9. International cooperation should be promoted in R&D of key technologies in renewable energies, hydrogen power, nuclear power and other energy resources, and energy-saving technology should also be promoted, he said.10. Third, efforts should be made to maintain a sound political climate favorable to energy security and stability, Hu said.11. "We should join hands to safeguard stability of energy-producing countries and regions, the Middle East in particular," he said. "Energy issues should not be politicized, still less should countries willfully resort to force in tackling energy issues."12. Hu also explained China's energy strategy that can be summarized as follows: Give high priority to conservation, rely mainly on domestic supply, develop diverse energy resources, protect the environment, step up international cooperation of mutual benefit and ensure the stable supply of economical and clean energies.13. Hu pledged that China, as a major energy consumer and producer, "will make proper use of the international energy market and strengthen win-win cooperation with other energy producers and consumers on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to jointly safeguard global energy security."1、中国国家主席胡锦涛七月十七日在俄罗斯圣彼得堡发表讲话说，国际社会应该共同努力，保障全球能源安全。