2019届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解习题讲评课六主旨大意题增分点(二)_标题归纳课件
不管是选择“标题”还是选择“主题”，实际上都要求考 生从整体上理解文章的内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线。在试题设 置上，三个干扰项的内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但 并非文章的主要内容，需要注意甄别。
训练目标(一)
对点练——攻克失分短板
二段：通过设问分析问题的原因。第三段：闲聊的重要性。第 四段：介绍 Elizabeth Dunn 的咖啡店实验。第五段：用 Dunn 和 Carducci 的观点总结全文。根据各段段意可知，文章主要讨 论了闲聊在人际交往中的重要作用。故 C 项为本文最佳标题。
答案：C
B(2018· 全国卷 Ⅲ阅读 D 节选 ) Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less. I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor) ．
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction ( 互动 ) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “ It’ s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband，” says Dunn.“ But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our wellbeing also.”
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡ 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’ s been able to put a lot of what she’ s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11. “ We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant，” she explains. “ I pay ￡ 5 for a portion (一份 ), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’ re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can ’ t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease ( 润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “ Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”
1．好标题应具备的 3 个特点
(1)概括性——能概括全文内容，体现文章的主旨；
(2)针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；
(3)醒目性——语言精练有吸引力。
2．常用解题“3 方法”
(1)正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项 能准确概括主旨；
(2)反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写 出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除 不符选项；
The eightpart series (系列节目 ), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’ s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’ s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’ s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
35. What is the best title for the text? A．Conversation Counts B．Ways of Making Small Talk C．Benefits of Small Talk D．Uncomfortable Silence 解析： 第一段：用实例引出人们在公共场所不交流的现象。第
[干扰项分析]
A 项以偏概全，只说了文章的一个方面——
如何吃得好， 没有提到是在省钱的条件下吃得好。 B 项无中生有， 文章没有提到均衡饮食。C 项以偏概全，只说了做好饭，没有 说如何节省。
[ 增分技巧读理解能力。我们在做题过程中也要相 应地从局部思维转变为整体思维，要从整体上把握文章的大意， 不可过于纠缠细节。文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容，利用 文章中的细节内容进行干扰是命题人常采用的干扰方式。遇到 文章大意题或者标题归纳题时，切忌只见树木，不见森林。
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners，” he says.
27．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B． Balancing Our Daily Diet C．Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D． Cooking Well for Less
2019届高三英语二轮复习 基于主题意义下的阅读理解之细节理解专题课教学课件 (共21张PPT)
Word Bank: 硕果累累的__fr_u_it_f_ul__________ 复杂的 _____c_o_m_p_le_x__________ 丰富的_____a_b_u_nd_a_n_t_________ 独一无二的__u_n_iq_u_e__________ 人造的______a_rt_if_ic_ia_l_________
B. One out of five people got rich. Tip: 数字计算
Word Bank: 对于…有充分的理由__h_a_ve__a_g_o_o_d_r_ea_s_o_n_f_o_r…____ 便利，便捷n. _c_o_n_v_en_i_e_n_ce_____ 成功去往某处__m_a_k_e_i_t _to_…_____ 必需品n. __n_ec_e_s_si_t_y __________ 主导产业__ch_i_e_f _in_d_u_s_tr_y_______
Tianhe Sports Center in 1987
Tianhe Sports Center in 2017
To be a careful and conscious reader
高考二轮复习专题：阅读理解之细节理解
广州市花都区秀全中学 吴桦 20190301
After this period, we will be able to…
25. Why does the author recommend that adults regularly talk to boys about reading? A. To persuade boys to read more often. B. To learn what boys are most interested in. C. To help boys improve their language ability. D. To show that adults are good reading role models.
2019届高考英语二轮增分策略：第二部分-主旨大意题(含解析)
考纲解读高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。
分析近几年的高考英语试题,我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位.阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能,它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。
不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。
除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如:对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。
考情分析纵观近几年各地英语试卷，阅读理解题有如下特点：1．突出语用，体裁多样,题材丰富阅读理解题体裁分布包括记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文等，涉及的话题新颖广泛,体现了其多样化、现代化和生活化的特点，综合反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。
2．信息密集,句子优美，结构复杂阅读理解题每篇都是以简约的语言负载高含量的信息，要求准确迅速地从特定的语篇中有目的地获取信息。
阅读理解文章的句子原汁原味、语言地道、纯正优美，而且篇章结构和句子结构都有一定的难度。
各篇或在时间顺序上，或在空间顺序上，或在逻辑推理上，均使用了较高级的组篇手段。
结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略句以及插入语等也随处可见。
3．细节为主，推理随后，主旨突出阅读理解题型分布合理，以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，主旨大意题几乎每年都考。
各个题型的分布已逐步成熟且趋于平稳。
阅读理解分为五大题型:主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和篇章结构题。
考点1 主旨大意之精确归纳标题真题解密Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don't listen because they already know it all。
I was lucky：I became a pilot in 1970，almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didn't realize then，but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying。
2019年高考英语(全国卷2)试题解析课件
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities
a2m（on2g01m9a年ny全. T国he2u卷nw阅il读lin理g p解areBn篇t o）rganizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects
There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable.
1（2019年全国2卷阅读理解A篇）
The Stand Stephen King
This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.
2019年高考英语二轮复习精品资料：专题14：阅读理解 含解析
2019年高考英语二轮复习精品资料：专题14：阅读理解考点1 主旨大意题1.主旨大意题常分为两类：(1)选出文章最佳标题；(2)概括文章或段落大意。
2.主旨大意题主要考查对文章进行概括或总结的能力，它要求在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。
研读近几年高考阅读理解，可以发现对主旨大意类的考查占有相当重要的地位。
【答题技巧】主旨大意题的三种思路：①寻找主题句，确定文章大意。
在许多情况下，尤其是在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。
主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(或在开头结尾同时出现首尾呼应的主题句)，因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。
做主旨概括类试题多采用浏览法，即浏览文章的首段和尾段的首句或尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重点搜索主题信息。
②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。
寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找各段落中心句的基础上。
各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。
在这个过程中，不能仅依据只言片语或某一段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔的“重心”，考虑文章的材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么，分析故事情节围绕什么发展，最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。
③抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心。
不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中。
阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，继而概括出段落的主题，推导出文章的主旨。
分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。
考点2 细节理解题1.此类题型一般分两种情况；直接事实题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常见的类型有对号入座题、是非判断题、语意转换题、表格理解题等)以及间接事实题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。
2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解题型解读 课件(41张)
多，但是也有说明文，而且往往一篇文章表达一个主题，如
2011年福建卷阅读理解B篇便是这种类型——文章主要介绍了the Edmonton Folk Music Festival的相关事宜。
2.答题技巧
社会文化类阅读理解的设题一般都是以考查文章的细节为 主，兼顾考查考生的社会常识及推理判断等能力。因此，考生
生态环保类
生态环保类的文章是高考英语阅读理解中一种重要的阅读 材料。历年来高考试题都要关注社会的发展和人类的生存环 境，因此生态环保类的阅读材料一直受到命题人的推崇，在高 考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例。这类材料一方面可以增加考
生的新知识，另一方面可以让考生在阅读英语的过程中了解社
会的发展和变化，思考环保的方法，采取一些更加环保的做 法，从而达到提升人文素养的目的。“人与自然的和谐发展” 是当今时代的主题，因此，生态环保的话题更有可能出现在高 考的阅读理解试题中。
叙等，思维的跳跃性较大。另外，这种文章中往往出现大量的
陌生的人名或地名，在阅读时，考生要学会排除干扰。
2.答题技巧
时文报道类阅读理解题也是以考查细节内容为主的。做题 时，考生一定要认真阅读文章中与题目相关的句子或段落，要 以文章描述的事实为依据，而不能主观臆断，不能用自己的观 点代替作者的观点。同时，不能以偏概全，要全面把握。对于
综观2012年各地高考试题，阅读理解呈现如下一些特点：
一、所选文章题材新颖丰富，灵活多样 高考阅读理解的题材灵活多样，包括科普知识、环境保 护、社会文化、教育等，并且趋向于当今世界的热点话题。从 体裁来看，这些文章属于记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文
等。
二、题型分布合理，以考查细节理解题为主，并加大对主
2．答题技巧
解答这类题目时，考生可以先略读题目，再浏览文章，带 着问题找答案，这是解答这类题目最基本也是最有效的方法。 这类题目以考查细节理解题为主，考生只要通过快读、略读等 方法，关注与问题相关的语句，忽略其他无关的信息，找到问
高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题2019新题赏析(阅读表达;任务型阅读)讲义
阅读理解2014新题赏析(阅读表达;任务型阅读)命题意图获取信息能力处理信息能力题型设置主旨概括（开放性问题）细节简单叙述（封闭性问题）词义猜测题句子翻译题（语言置换问题）补充句子题（逻辑结构问题）注意事项字数限制概括不可太笼统勿以偏代全回答要有针对性提炼原文,不可主观理清文章脉络,分层阅读表达方式要准确题一：阅读表达山东卷[1] Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one, and better road conditions have also attracted more drivers. The result is overcrowding on the road system, which is one of the problems the local governments are faced with.[2] When people travel to other towns, the problem might be relieved by getting them to park outside the town. Buses could be provided to take them to the centre. These Park and Ride projects are increasingly popular in the UK. At Southerton, for example, a council-funded project led to a 15% drop in city centre traffic over five mouths.[3] What the council found, though, was that the project proved somewhat unpopular with shop owners in the area outside the centre. Many of their shops relied on passing car drivers for some of their trade. As the number of people driving past dropped, so did their incomes.[4] Making car driving expensive is another way of ________________________. Road taxestend to mean that people use their cars less. Fining drivers who are in areas where cars havebeen banned can also tend to leave their cars behind.[5] However, one thing has to be got right for any solution to succeed. If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. Constant delays, unannounced changes to the timetable and sudden cancellations all discourage peoplefrom using public transport. People will only see it as a real choice if the buses and trains are on time. 66. What causes overcrowding on the road system according to Paragraph 1?(no more than12 words)___________________________________________________________________67. What should people do when traveling to other towns according to the Park and Ride projects?( no more than 14 words)___________________________________________________________________68. Why were some shop owners unhappy about the project? (no more than 10 words)___________________________________________________________________69. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4. (no more than 8 words)___________________________________________________________________70. Why are people unwilling to use public transport according to Paragraph 5? (no more than 8 words)___________________________________________________________________题二：任务型阅读湖南卷Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.[1] Many of us invest valuable time，energy and money planning our vacations. We do this because we know for sure that going on vacations must be good for us. Research proves this feeling without a doubt. Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression. [2] Yet, despite these benefits, many of us return home with a feeling that our last vacation was OK - but not great. In order to change this, some mistakes should be avoided. A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components (组成部分).Perhaps you’re planning a trip to Europe, seven cities in 10 days，and you realize it will cost only a little more to add two more destinations to the list sounds fine in theory, but hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an opportunity to experience what psychologists call mindfulness-time to take in our new surroundings, time to be present and absorb our travel experiences. Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues such as how to find a good flight deal，how to get from A to B，or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey. These issues may seem important, but our psychological state of mind is far more important.[3] Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules. First, choose your travel companions wisely, because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions. Second, don’t spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood. Third, shop wisely, for meaningful experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical possessions.阅读理解2014新题赏析(阅读表达;任务型阅读)讲义参考答案题一：66. The reduced/lowered cost of a new car and better road conditions.67. They should park outside the town, and take the bus to the centre.68. Their incomes dropped because fewer people drove past.69. encouraging people to use public transport more/encouraging people to use their cars less/relieving the problem (of overcrowding )70. Because public transport is not reliable/satisfactory.题二：71.Vacations 72. performance 73. quality of sleep 74. attempt 75. worry76. good flight deal 77. adding 78. rules 79. choice 80. shopping wisely。
2019高考英语阅读理解专题选编(6)(含解析)
2019高考英语阅读理解专题选编（6）李仕才ARecently I and other Red Cross volunteers met a group of victims from Hurricane Katrina. We were there, as mental health professionals, to offer ＂psychological first aid＂ and I was struck by the simple healing power of presence. As we walked in the gate to the shelter, we were greeted with a burst of gratitude (感激) from the first person we met. I felt appreciated, but also guilty, because I hadn’t really done anything yet.I first realized the power of presence many years ago when a friend’s mother passed away unexpectedly. I had received a call saying she had just passed away. I wanted to rush down there immediately, but didn’t want to intrude (打扰) on this very personal period of sadness. I was torn about what to do. Another friend with me then said, ＂Just go. Just be there.＂ I did, and I will never regret it.Since then, I have not hesitated to be in the presence of others. Once I sat at the bedside of a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDS — related dying. He was not awak e, and obviously unaware of others’ presence. However, the atmosphere was by no means solemn. His family, playing guitars and singing, allowed him to be present with them as though he were still fully alive.In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence. In it, none of us are truly alone. It is not only something we give to others but also changes me for the better.1.Why were the hurricane victims grateful to the author?A. He built shelters for them.B. He gave immediate first aid to them.C. He came to stay with them.D. He brought mental health professionals.2.What did the author do when his friend’s mother passed away?A. He hesitated over whether to go.B. He went to his friends’ at once.C. He knew what to do instantly.D. He decided not to disturb.3.What does the underlined word ＂solemn＂ in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Heavy but warm.B. A little sad but cosy.C. Relaxing and delightful.D. Very serious and unhappy.4.What has the author learned from his experience?A. A friend in need is a friend indeed.B. Being present can make a big difference.C. The family harmony is the happiest thing in life.D. Being a volunteer can make one’s life more significant.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。
2019届高三英语二轮复习试题研读与命题趋势剖析课件
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有提示词类 谓 语 动 词 卷Ⅰ (记叙文) 2016 卷Ⅱ (说明文) 1 2 2 非 谓 语 动 词 2 1 2 词 性 转 换 2 2 2 19 比 较 等 级 — 1 — 4 名 词 的 数 1 1 — 6
符号、单词拼写、大小写、词序错误以及带汉语注释的超纲词汇 等方面的错误。
六、书面表达
项目 卷别
体裁
命题形 式
题
材
卷 应用文(电子邮 Ⅰ 件)
告知外国朋友在中国家庭 提纲式 做客的有关习俗
卷 2018 Ⅱ 卷 Ⅲ 卷 Ⅰ 卷 2017 Ⅱ 卷 Ⅲ
应用文(通知)
写一则通知请大家观看一 提纲式 部英文短片 提纲式 介绍本校体育运动的情况
告知英国朋友下次上汉语 提纲式 课的计划 邀请外教参观中国剪纸艺 术展
应用文(书信)
应用文(电子邮 件)
应用文(邀请信) 提纲式
邀请留学生朋友加入校乒 应用文(邀请信) 提纲式 乓球队
项目 卷别 卷
体裁
命题形式
题
材
Ⅰ
2016 卷 Ⅱ 卷 Ⅲ
应用文(求助信)
提纲式
请外教帮你修改求职申
请书和个人简历
邀请英国朋友参加国际 中学生摄影展 因故不能赴约给好友写 道歉信
四、语法填空
有提示词类
谓 语 动 词 卷Ⅰ (说明文) 2018 1 2 1 非 谓 语 动 词 2 2 2 词 性 转 换 2 3 2 比 较 等 级 1 — 1 名 词 的 数 1 — —
(最新二轮复习)(高考英语)阅读理解--细节理解题PPT课件
关于阅读理解训练的几个问题：
1．阅读短文和读题审题的先后顺序。
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6
Passage→Questions→Passage 这种答题模式有利于 把握文章的主旨和作者的态度情感，但是速度较慢，不能 在阅读过程中积极主动地预测文章内容，不能快速地把握 题目和选项的关联性。因此，阅读过程缺乏主观能动性。
No.3 主旨大意题
No.4 词义猜测题
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1
2019
全国卷Ⅰ
全国卷Ⅱ
全国卷Ⅲ
篇别
ABCDABCDABCD
文体
应 用 文
记 叙 文
说 明 文
议 论 文
说 明 文
夹 叙 夹 议
说 明 文
说 明 文
应 用 文
议 论 文
记 叙 文
说 明 文
难易程度 易 易 中 难 易 易 中 难 易 易 中 难
细节理解题 3 1 3 / 3 2 1 2 3 2 2 2
run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible：Students aged 15－29, returning to
school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger
难易易
中难
细节理 解题
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
1
2
3
1
2
阅读理解专项——主旨大意题课件-2023届高三英语二轮复习
plastic products. 主题句 概括了本文的主要内容
故选D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 海洋塑料转化为雕塑
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,”…
3. 段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式
(1) The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that . (2) What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with? (3) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one? (4) What’s the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?
可知，独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the