爱伦.坡短篇小说艺术特色
爱伦.坡的短篇小说《黑猫》哥特式特征的多角度解析
爱伦.坡的短篇小说《黑猫》哥特式特征的多角度解析摘要：哥特小说写作巨匠爱伦・坡，他的短篇小说《黑猫》从“恶”与“善”人的本性角度，从病态人格的角度，以及叙述方式等角度以其独特的方式向我们展现了坡的哥特式的写作擅长和坡较高水平的创作。
《黑猫》留给我们的不仅仅是哥特式创作的艺术水平，更多的是引发我们对社会和人类善与恶、美与丑、罪与罚等更多深层次的思考。
关键词：哥特式“善”与“恶” 病态人格侦探小说美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家埃德加・爱伦・坡以其“独一无二”的风格屹立于美国十九世纪文坛，被冠以侦探小说鼻祖、科幻小说先驱之一、恐怖小说大师、短篇哥特小说巅峰、象征主义先驱之一、唯美主义者多种荣誉。
坡一生写了七十多篇短篇小说，取得了巨大成就。
JM罗伯逊等人认为, 爱伦・坡作为短篇小说家及评论家其成就特别值得注意, 他是“美国短篇小说发展史上的开拓者。
”[1] 这些小说主要特征是描写神秘、恐怖、死亡、暴力、悬疑等，让读者不仅从字里行间感受到恐怖气氛，更从内心感到恐怖。
而这种致使整个作品从里到外透露着恐怖的写作手法则要归功于哥特式描写。
显著的哥特小说元素包括恐怖，神秘，超自然，厄运，死亡，颓废，住着幽灵的老房子，癫狂，家族诅咒等。
坡在写作中成功运用了这些元素，以现实背景为依托，展开神秘奇幻的叙述，使情节在紧张中层层深入，把故事的哥特环境氛围描摹的精细。
对事件的偶然性的拿捏与故事缘由的推理使爱伦・坡对西方侦探小说的发展产生了巨大影响，在西方被认为是侦探小说之父。
《黑猫》是爱伦・坡的哥特小说代表作之一，又坡自己评论最多的一篇小说，又以独特的凶杀案叙事方式体现着侦探小说的性质，这就更加重了《黑猫》的哥特色彩。
在这篇论文中，我们将从“恶”与“善”人的本性角度，从病态人格的角度，以及叙述方式的哥特式特征的角度去解析哥特式特征是如何在小说《黑猫》中体现的。
一、《黑猫》中“恶”与“善”之间的人性冲突体现的哥特式特征与中国的“人之初，性本善”相对，西方基督教义讲述的是“人之初，性本恶”，原罪论与人性堕落说就体现了这一点。
浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现
浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现爱伦·坡是19世纪欧美文学中的重要代表人物之一，他不仅以其恐怖和奇幻文学作品闻名全球，也开创了哥特式创作风格的先河。
哥特式创作是指通过刻画恐怖、诡异、暗黑等气氛，以及强调个体内心情感的表达来传递一种特殊的美学体验。
在爱伦·坡的作品中，哥特式创作手法得到了极大的体现。
首先，坡的作品中常常采用某些神秘元素作为引子，烘托出一种神秘、诡异的氛围。
例如《乌鸦》中乌鸦的叫声像一个幽灵在夜晚徘徊，而《黑猫》中黑猫营造的沉闷和压抑氛围都是哥特式创作手法的典型体现。
这种神秘元素的运用使得坡的作品极富诱惑力，让读者产生一种到底会发生什么事情的紧迫感。
其次，坡的作品强调人物的内心体验和情感刻画。
他通过刻画人物内心的幻想、恐惧、痛苦等情感，来加深作品中的哥特式氛围。
例如，在《安伯松先生谋杀案》中，读者通过主人公的描写，能够深入地感受到主人公内心深处的恐惧和不安，这种情感体现充分展现出了哥特式创作手法，也让读者更深入地痛感到学术探究的残酷性和人性的冷漠。
此外，坡的作品中经常出现幽暗、阴霾的色调和描绘高大、阴冷的建筑和街区，这些的视觉效果更直观地体现出哥特式创作风格。
这种写作手法使小说中的人物看来更加孤独，更加无助，这种感受在读者心中留下深刻的印象。
例如，阿瑟·高登医生在《黑猫》内，因为受到黑猫的威胁而被逼疯，他在幽暗的房间里，看到黑猫的幻觉，这实际上是阿瑟·高登自己心底的幻觉，强调了个体、个性和情绪的作用。
总之，爱伦·坡的作品中哥特式创作手法得到了充分的体现，他将恐怖和奇幻相结合，通过直观感官和内心心理等方面对恐惧进行刻画，创造出一种独特的文学美感。
在坡的作品中读者可以经历到身临其境的哥特式体验，感受到人性的复杂性和深度。
这种特殊的美学体验不但赏心悦目并且真正地用作家的文字助推着哥特风格的盛行。
简析爱伦·坡作品中的哥特式风格
统计与管理二○一五·十一百家争鸣简析爱伦·坡作品中的哥特式风格赵 阳摘 要：爱伦·坡的作品一直被众人津津乐道，究其原因不外乎是他在作品中所构建出的匪夷所思、离奇反常的情节，除此之外，哥特式风格也成为他恐怖小说的一大亮点。
关键词：哥特式 风格 恐怖DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-537X.2015.11.078埃德加·爱伦·坡是美国文学史上最具唯美倾向的作家，被称为是西方现代派文学的远祖、象征主义文学的鼻祖和西方推理小说的鼻祖。
他在理论上主张“为艺术而艺术”，“一切艺术的目的是娱乐，不是真理”， 认为艺术要使读者获得刺激而达到灵魂的升华，因此他特别强调小说的艺术效果。
爱伦·坡在诗歌和小说方面的创作均有重要影响。
他的诗歌非常注重语言和形式美，刻意追求诗的“韵律”，基调低婉、忧郁。
他的小说大部分以死亡、凶杀、复仇为题材，继承了哥特式小说的传统手法，吸取了哥特式小说制造悬念和心理恐怖的全部技巧；同时，通过对于恐怖事物的描写和恐怖故事的叙述，揭示人的幻觉状态和变态心理，来探索人类思想的隐秘。
爱伦·坡的小说对美国的小说产生了很大的影响。
他的小说可以分为侦探推理小说和恐怖小说两大类。
侦探推理小说结构巧妙严谨，案件的破获完全依靠办案人员对案情的推理和对人心理活动的分析，重要的作品有《毛格街的谋杀案》、《金甲虫》、《你就是凶手》、《玛丽·罗杰疑案》和《窃信案》等，塑造了西方文学史上的第一个侦探形象——杜宾。
恐怖小说的重要作品有《厄舍古屋的倒塌》、《黑猫》、《泄密的心》、《红死魔的面具》等。
爱伦·坡最著名的文艺理论是“效果论”。
他主张死亡美学和恐怖美学。
他力图在自己的作品中先确立某种效果，再为追求这种效果而思考创作。
于是，哥特式风格就成为他创造“效果”的前提和保障，同时也成为他恐怖小说的一大亮点。
爱伦·坡小说的哥特式风格主要体现在小说的故事情节和小说场景氛围铺垫两个方面。
埃德加·爱伦·坡写作风格是怎样的？有着怎样的创作特点
埃德加·爱伦·坡写作风格是怎样的？有着怎样的创作特点本文导读：爱伦·坡的恐怖小说带有浪漫主义的特色。
纵观爱伦·坡的恐怖小说创作，其故事主题大都“揭示了人类意识及潜意识中的阴暗面”，这一点显然迥异于同时代的其他浪漫主义作家。
爱伦·坡以恐怖小说这样一种特殊的文学形式深入刻画与呈现了非现实状态下人的精神状态和心理特征，试图“以非现实、非理性的表达方式来揭示现代人的精神因顿”。
他借助想象奇特、恐怖怪异的故事情节，通过夸张、隐喻和象征等修辞手段表现人性的危机，激起读者浓厚阅读兴趣的同时，震撼心灵，发人深省。
爱伦·坡的创作原则是其“效果说”理论，他选择“死亡”作为其文学创作的主题是由他的这个创作原则决定的。
坡认为，无论是创作诗歌还是小说，作家必须讲究效果的统一，必须时刻想到预定的结局，要使每一个情节变得必不可少。
他在《评霍桑的“故事重述”》中曾经这样阐述自己的创作原则：“聪明的艺术家不是将自己的思想纳入他的情节，而是事先精心策划，想出某种独特的、与众不同的效果，然后再杜撰出这样一些情节——他把这些情节联结起来，而他所做的一切都将最大限度地有利于实现在预先构思的效果”。
使“每一事件，每一描写细节，甚至一字一句都收到一定的统一效果，一个预想的效果，印象主义的效果”。
他强调作品对读者所能唤起的情绪和产生的效果。
在“创作的哲学”中，他认为，故事的首要目的是要在情感上扣住读者的心弦，产生最激动人心的效果。
死亡主题是通过谨严紧凑的结构和作品的简洁而表现的。
爱伦坡的作品形式精美，技巧圆熟。
爱伦坡在《评霍桑的“故事重述”》里，强调了作品的简洁和统一效果。
在写作中，他还平萍理留情节和结构的高度简洁，小说中通常只有两个，最多三个人物，也没有离题的枝节和无关的装饰品。
在他看来，一位技巧高明的文学家在写作之前，必须成竹在胸，深思熟虑，为实现预期效果而选择和组织情节，并且不应该有一个词的意向直接或间接与预先的构思无关。
[浅谈爱伦.坡短篇小说的艺术特色] 爱伦·坡短篇小说
![[浅谈爱伦.坡短篇小说的艺术特色] 爱伦·坡短篇小说](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/7ea049f3a6c30c2258019eb5.png)
[浅谈爱伦.坡短篇小说的艺术特色] 爱伦·坡短篇小说摘要本文结合美国19世纪作家爱伦・坡短篇小说的特点和对世界文学的影响，就其短篇小说创作的叙事艺术、文体艺术与风格艺术的形成以及在作品中对这些艺术的营造三个方面进行了论述，旨在探讨爱・伦坡小说的唯美艺术特色。
<br/> 关键词：爱伦・坡短篇小说艺术特色 <br/> 中图分类号：I106文献标识码：A <br/> <br/> 爱伦・坡是被誉为文坛怪杰的美国19世纪作家。
其大量诗歌及短篇小说一直受到广泛的关注，尤其是他的短篇小说，以其神秘感、恐怖感引起越来越多的研究者和文学爱好者的兴趣。
在创作理念上，爱伦・坡勇于创新，大力修正哥特小说的流行模式，充分践行其“效果说”理论，积极追求使用双重化的艺术，营造出强烈的艺术效果。
回顾爱伦・坡的创作生涯及其在文学史上激起的一次次批评热情，我们不得不再次探究爱伦・坡在短篇小说创作中所使用的艺术策略。
<br/> 一叙事艺术特色<br/> 在文学旨趣上，爱伦・坡一直主张由心境所支配、以效果为旨趣的短篇。
他不惜调动一切艺术手段，采用一切可以烘托和营造气氛的细节，使作品叙事特色产生巨大的艺术感染力。
<br/> 1 以第一人称为叙事视角 <br/> 从叙事学的角度来考察爱伦・坡的短篇小说，不难发现他几乎所有的作品都是以第一人称视觉进行叙述的：第一人称叙述者“我”往往既是叙述者，又是故事人物；既可以是故事主人公，又可以是故事事件的旁观者。
而叙述视觉的一大特点是使叙述产生强烈的切身性，“会给小说营造出一种客观的真实效果”。
<br/> 2 以设置悬念为叙事手段 <br/> 在美国的短篇小说发展史上，爱伦・坡是第一个有意识将短篇小说作为独立文学体裁来写的作家，并提出了短篇小说的创作理论。
当时的作家普遍认为，作品的人物性格随故事发展而变化。
爱伦·坡短篇小说的叙事风格分析
爱伦·坡短篇小说的叙事风格分析【摘要】19世纪著名作家埃德加?爱伦?坡的短篇小说在文学发展过程中有着里程碑式的意义。
爱伦?坡在他四十岁离开人世前一共创作了六七十篇短篇小说，在这些短篇小说中形成了自己“独一无二”的叙事风格，开创了诸多先河，达到了前无古人、后者难追的高度。
笔者将在本文对爱伦?坡短篇小说独特的叙事风格进行分析，探求厘清这种独特风格形成的深层次原因，同时解读出其中的美学意义。
【关键词】爱伦?坡；叙事风格；恐怖；死亡文献标识码：A美国著名的小说家、诗人和评论家埃德加?爱伦?坡，是一位在美国文学史乃至世界文学史上一颗耀眼的明星。
与他生前不受待见相反的是后世对他的评价极高，尊称他为侦探小说鼻祖、科幻小说先驱之一、恐怖小说大师、象征主义先驱之一以及唯美主义者等，肯定了他在文学创作上的成就。
英国享负盛名的文学家萧伯纳曾这样说道：“美国出了两个伟大的作家一一埃德加?爱伦?坡和马克?吐温。
”爱伦?坡以开创性的文学风格为人类文学领域开辟了新的道路，对后世影响极大，深刻地影响了全世界数代作家的文学风格。
爱伦?坡是一个文学全才，小说、诗歌和文学论著等都是他擅长的文学领域，并且在这些领域里都颇有建树。
其中，短篇小说最为后世所称道，他的短篇小说大致包括恐怖心理小说、推理小说、科幻小说和幽默讽刺小说四种类型，其中又以恐怖心理小说最为独特。
爱伦?坡的短篇小说多数是恐怖心理小说，题材以死亡和奇幻灵异事件为主，偏好光怪陆离、邪魅阴森的哥特式风格。
他以恐怖心理小说这种文学形式和独特的哥特式文学风格深入表现出人在非现实状态下的心理活动和心理状态，揭示了人性的阴暗面，从而呈现出当下现实社会中人们已经异化了的心理状态：孤独、恐惧、焦虑、烦恼、绝望等。
爱伦?坡的短篇小说有着独树一帜的叙事风格，笔者总结了以下几方面：一、第一人称的叙事视角因为第三人称叙事被绝大多数文字第一人称的叙事视角与爱伦?坡一贯的小说题材是十分切合的。
EdgarAllanPOE爱伦坡的写作艺术特色
山西师范大学现代文理学院本科毕业论文爱伦﹒坡恐怖小说的写作艺术特色姓名：王丽霞系别：外语专业：英语班级：1103学号：**********指导老师：***答辩日期：成绩：内容摘要：爱伦坡的恐怖小说因深刻的颓废之美，怪异，忧郁而闻名。
本文通过分析埃德加·爱伦·坡最具代表性的恐怖小说,可以探知作者的心灵式恐怖。
埃德加·爱伦·坡的小说明显继承了传统哥特文学。
随着对哥特式文学独创性的继承，创作出属于他的独一无二的恐怖小说。
同时，在他恐怖小说中呈现出的写作特色包括象征手法，渲染手法，第一人称叙事角度。
运用心理分析法分析神秘，隐晦的象征手法，理解其具体意义和它是如何激发读者的想象力，使读者在想象中体验恐惧的魅力。
对色彩，环境的渲染使得恐怖故事具有阴暗，恐怖的画面感。
第一人称的叙事角度，使得故事变得更加逼真，贴近读者，让读者直面血淋淋的场景。
这些手法的应用，顺利解决了恐怖小说创作中推进情节和制造恐怖感的难题。
对爱伦·坡恐怖小说写作特色的分析会帮助读者更好地理解他的书和思想。
关键词：爱伦坡恐怖小说写作艺术特色AbstractEdgar Allan Poe‟s horrible fictions are well-known for a profound beauty of decadence, grotesque and gloom. In this paper, through analyzing the most representative American writer Edgar Allan Poe‟s horror fictions, we can touch the writer‟s uncanny world. Edgar Allan P oe‟s fiction s obviously inherit from the traditional Gothic literature. Poe, with his ingenious inheritance from Gothicism, created a unique style for his horrible tales. At the same time, his writing characteristics including symbolism, rendering technique and the first person visual angel are presented in most of his horrible stories. Using the psychological analysis to analyze the mysterious and obscure symbolism, to understand its specific meaning, and how to arouse the readers' imagination, which makes readers experience the glamour of the fear. Rendering of the colors, environment makes the horror stories with dark, terror sense of pictures. First-person narrative point of view makes the story become more realistic and close to the reader confronted the bloody scene. Application of these techniques successfully solved the problem of advancing the plot and producing terror feelings in the creation of horror fiction. Analyzing Poe ‟ s writing artistic features will certainly help people to understand his book and thoughts.Key words :Edgar Allan Poe horror fictions writing artistic characteristicsContentI. Introduction (1)II. Gothic Features (2)A. The Definition of the Term “Gothic” (2)a. The character‟s horror actions……………………………………….3.b. The scene settings (3)c. The theme of death (3)B. The Creation of the Gothic Literature……………………………….5. III. SymbolismA. The Definition of Symbolism (5)a. Scene images (6)b. Color images (6)c. Animals images (7)B. Analysis Symbol From Psychology (7)a. From Sigmund Freud‟s Theory………………………………………....7.b. From Aristotle‟s Theory (9)IV. Rendering T echniqueA. The Specific Application of Rendering Technique (9)Ｖ．Writing From First PersonＡ.The specific Application of First Person (10)VI. Conclusion (11)Work citedThe Writing Artistic Characteristics In Edgar Allan Poe’s Horror FictionsI. Introduction.Not a passion is more direct touch the soul of human than fear. We can deeply realize the frightened soul, and totally immerse in terror tales which created by Poe. Dangerous actually does not exist, but Edgar Allan Poe used his gifted imagination and narrative skills to show them with specific subtle details. With the degree of terror upgrading, the panics make readers immersive.Edgar Allan Poe(1809-1849) is one of the most outstanding writers in American three prominent terror novelists. He is the American 19th century author of fiction, poet, literary critic, journalist, editor. His poetry and fictions have been attracted extensive attention from all over the world, especially his horror fictions, with its mystery, terror attracts more and more researchers‟ interest. In his tales, he created an integrated mysterious and terrible atmosphere, and achieved thrilling effect. He is good at using fantasy to express his awake and wise, and a meditation of life. As the notable English writer George Bernard Shaw once said, the United States has two great writers, Edgar Allan Poe and Mark Twain. "Poe's greatness lies in his was the first one to start digging human consciousness is the deepest darkness in the field of people." (常耀信Chang Yaoxin)Once there are many conventional people feel hard to accept this kind of weird protagonists for they are used to reading that encouraging stories that full of love and hope. He was misunderstood by his contemporaries and their followers for a long time. Mark Twain thought Poe‟s prose hard to be readable. However, now his works both attract readers, and let the reader feel the narrator‟s sometimes lucid, sometimes maniacal abnormal mind. He believed “art for art‟s sake”. His theory of effects and unity and the techniques he used in his tales have influenced most writer after him, especially the detective writers. The authors explored two extremes, the people‟s good or evil, reason or mania, and strove to depict the intermediate zone between the two extremes. In his works, Poe confused boundaries between reason and mania, the difference between waking anddream. Beauty and terror, fear and pleasure that are accompanied with each other.II. Gothic Features.A. The Definition of the Term “Gothic”.Gothic literature is a collection of terror and romantic literature. Edgar Allan Poe 's horror fiction not only inherited the traditional Gothic novel writing pattern, but also develop a unique Gothic novel writing style. The origin of the "Gothic" can be traced back to the word "Goths" , which initially described the Germanic tribes of the most deadly, savage branch. And the "Gothic style" is used to describe French church architectures of the 11th century, and its characteristics are high taper steeples, high arch windows, colored glasses and internal gloomy environments. The Gothic novel originated in Britain in the late 18th century. The Castle of Otranto(1764) written by Horace Walpole established the model of the early classical Gothic novel. Since then, this writing style attracted many people to imitate, and extended to the whole Europe and the United States. Ed gar Allan Poe are the most significant among the representative personages in the early Gothic novel.The Gothic novel has strong appeals to readers, for its profound psychological and the aesthetic sources. The psychology of the Gothic novel is based on a sense of fear and curiosity by nature. When readers are reading Gothic stories, they usually have a strong experience of fear, of being personally on the scene and do not worry their own safety at the same time. Readers have a experience of imagination themselves or replace the characters, or as a participant, or as a spectator, and with the development of events in the works, readers complete adventures travel of mind. There is no any cost of adventure. Modern people and ancestors are both keen to ancient monsters, popular legends and appalling and scary ghost stories. Although people will be afraid of them, but they still want to find stimulation. Human curiosity, the demand of fear and safety, and the demand of courageous hero are all meet in the Gothic novels. When society people are feeling depressed, this kind of work is popular in the market.The Gothic novel, fundamentally speaking, is the past and present negative reaction of comfortable, safe political stability and the commercial prosperity.The most important thing is that it resists rational control. Therefore, the hero is usually violent and cruel in theGothic novel, which plots are bloody and violent, and often happened in the past, especially in the middle ages, and used castles, ruins or wilderness as the background. The plot is weird and horrific, and often with a mysterious supernatural, giving people the most strong fears of the soul and visual stimulation.a.the character‟s terror actionThe Gothic novels ‟characters was oppressed by social and secular vision for a long-time, so they usually became insane and crazy. Such as Heathcliff in the Wuthering heights. And in Edgar Allan Poe ‟ s novels, hero usually became vicious brutality in that inexplicable fear in his inner world.In a Bucket of White Wine, he deceived Fortunato to his home cellar and killed him, who once insulted him.In the Black Cat, the author describes the actions of killing the black cat and his wife.“Slowly I took a knife from my pocket, opened it, and then carefully cut out one of Pluto‟s eyes from its socket.”and when the hero killed his wife, he thought that he could cut the body up into very small pieces and then burn them in a fire, and that he could put the body in a box and then ask someone to carry the box away.Moreover, in the Tell-Tale Heart, Poe depicted this cruel pictures: “ First , I cut it into pieces. I cut off the head and the arms and the legs. I then took up there boards from the wooden floor, and hid the body underneath.”b. the scene settingsUnder the traditional Gothic novel, the choice of the scene is very common. They were likely to select a bleak and isolated places, such as castles, cellars, cemetery, as the scene of the story. And Edgar Allan Poe also had an obsession with the theme of death. Poe was good at using his unique imagination, with the help of a grim scenario, to strengthen the result of the terror. Poe insisted that this closed, dark environment can expose human nature and desire and show human irrational world.c. the theme of deathBecause the Gothic novels itself is from the eerie, dark and mysterious architectural style, its contents are generally violence, murder, fornication, etc. The death of death isthe eternal theme in the Gothic novels, of course, which is Edgar Allan Poe's most beloved. When the terrible incidents happened, there are often accompanied with some characters ‟s death. Before Poe, the author Lewis created a novel Monastery whose plots contained killing one with maltreatment, which is the landmark work in the Gothic novels. Therefore Poe inherited these kinds of plot from the former writer. Edgar Allan Poe‟s life is suffered form a series of blows and grief, so he can more deeply understand the theme of death.For Poe, death is not a natural fact, but an accident which people could not control when it happens. Death means a new lease of life and a transcending. It has a super organic meaning.(Poe‟s Aesthetic Perspectives of Beauty in Art , Life and Death. 潘蕾2006，April，26页)A bucket of white wine is the most representative and typical revenge of the theme of death. Avengers Monterroso knew a lot about his enemy Fortunato as his profound hatred in his heart. He held on to others fatal weakness, which is human common weakness, vanity, and he knew that Fortunato …s biggest weakness is that he considered himself as a reviewer of good wines. Monterroso pretended a worship, friendly, warm and affectionate heart in surface, but actually hidden dangers and set a trap.In the Masque of the Red Death, death seems to be doomed and invincible. In the shadow of death, people are panic, hysterical, and despair hidden under the carnival. As "the Red Death" spread in the whole city, half the people of this country had already died from it. In order to avoid the plague, the fearless prince Prospero invite a thousand of his brave and strong friends to stay with him in a castle, far out in the countryside. The castle had a strong high walls and great gates of heavy metal. They all thought that they fled to a safety place far away from the Red Death. That forms an obvious contrast: outside wall is red death world, life itself yet was inside the castle. The contrast of death and life, and the close distance of them let a person have no way to retreat and make people crazy. Party held in seven rooms, but the seventh room was the most frightening for its walls were black, carpet was also black, but its windows were a deep blood-red. No one can enter into this black room that represented the domain of the death and meant people‟s deep fear. Every time as the clock slowly rang the twelve long chimes of midnight, it remindedrevelers of the coming of death and let their hearts experience death's powerful and oppression at every moment.B. The Creation of the Gothic Literature.Edgar Allan Poe made a bold innovation of the Gothic literature, turned the horrors of the Gothic novel into mental horror,and revealed the human inner fear.Poe once wrote his mental terror in the preface of Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque. If the theme in many of his story has always been a terror, he insisted that the terror is not German type, but a type of mind. He deduced such terror just from reasonable source, and simply made the tendency of reasonable results.In the Gothic novels, Poe made innovations in the structure of the form. The characteristics of the progressive type structure is obvious, clear, and easy to narrate. Along with the advancement of the story, the narrative rhythm speeding up, the plot is becoming more and more exciting to achieve climax under the atmosphere of terror. In Poe 's horror fictions, he further developed the progressive structure. Using the first person in order to recall the past things according to chronological order. Narration stratification makes the development of tales particular attracted, and mysterious. In the novel of William Wilson, using the structure of the progressive type tells the story of “I”in chronological order. “I”go to school met a student whose name and birthday is the same as me. And he was always opposing me. So "I" became more and more wild. After fighting again and again, “I” killed “another I”.He revealed the evil in human nature. In the second half of the 19th century America, the beautiful art still occupied the dominant position. Until the last century, the principle of beauty and ugliness was introduced to the modernism art. A large number of literature and art creators tried to reveal the contradictions of society and life from the opposite side. Edgar Allan Poe 's works existed a lot of ugliness, and also broke through the traditional aesthetics. Poe‟s aesthetic innovation exceeded other contemporary writers.III. Symbolism.A. The Definition of SymbolismThe symbolism is an artistic technique that expresses similar emotions and thoughtswith the specific image that easily associated. So-called objective image is through different emotional activities to create a kind of artistic image. In other words, it is an objective image that used to express objective emotions. Poe was influenced by British romanticism and German idealism aesthetic. So Poe is keen on singular weird things that in his view are not terrible, but a beauty of the bizarre. Poe fully utilized his genius, to create one by one significant and profound images. He used some animals or things to represent the abstract concept, which can be divided into the following category.a. Scene images.The ancient castle in the Masque of the Red Death, the dark damp underground wine cellar in a Bucket of White Wine, the bleak old house in the Fall of the House of Usher are scene images. Airtight, isolated and bleak scene image produces a depressive environment, and impacts the protagonist's psychological feelings and spirit.After reading the Fall of the House of Usher I was scared for a long time. At first sight, it seems to be an abnormal emotional story, but the image setting not stayed on the surface meaning, but gave it more complex and deeper meaning. The house of usher symbolic meaning is that it gave birth to the old family, but at the same time closed itself, also closed its owner. And the House of Usher is on behalf of both the collapsed building and the family. In the end, the house and its owner both ruined. The characteristics of the house are similar to the temperament of the hero. To achieve the effect of the unified theory, Edgar Allan Poe integrated the scene image with hero‟s temperament. The melancholy House of Usher shows the protagonist's mental state with great pain.b. Color imageIt is badly common to use color as the image in Poe ‟s horror novels. Red and black were also his favorite color images. He chose them for red is the color of blood and black is a symbol of death. In the Masque of the Red Death, the seventh room was black and its walls were black, its thick, heavy carpet was also black. But its windows were a deep blood-red. For each fire was opposite a window, so in the black room the firelight that shone through the blood-red window changed the room into something too horrible to describe. And as the fires burned brighter, the colors and shapes in this room became morehorrible than ever.In the fall of the house of Usher, the black tapestry, the dark silent lake, in the tell-tale heart,the dark lantern, the old man had a pale, blue eyes that all brought people greatly unease and panic. Whether black cat or the dark House of Usher are both filled with so much color images that produced more horrific feelings.c. Animal imageIn the book of the Black Cat , this title laid an ominous tone for the full story. The black cat is not a simple "object", but a prominent horror, which makes the hero in fear all the time, also gives the readers a kind of fear of excitement and pleasure. In the West, the ominous black cat is the embodiment of the witch and a symbol of evil. The name of the black cat, Pluto, was originally the name of the hell and the ruler of the underworld in the ancient Greek mythology. Pluto often made a sinister sound. Edgar Allan Poe designed the Black Cat as title and Pluto as the name of the cat, which the aim is to create an terrible atmosphere. As shown in the ending, the black cat led to a end, “ On top of her head, with a red, open mouth and one burning eye, sat the black cat - the animal which has had made me a murderer, and which would now send me to death.”When the first cat hanged in a few days later, there appeared another black cat that like Pluto, but a white mark on its chest. The white mark of the chest showed the shape of the gallows, which made the hero frighten. The white mark reminded his crimes, aroused his guilt, and became the symbol of his crimes.In short, Poe not only simple inherited the death and gloomy aesthetic orientation, violent plots in the Gothic literature but also innovated the Gothic writing techniques, and more strove to explore people‟s inner world.B. Analysis Symbol From Psychologya. From Sigmund Freud‟s Theory.Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic personality theory focuses on the study of human unconscious mental activity. Freudian theory of human psyche is a kind of"understanding people's motivation, personality, mental activity of science." It has a huge influences on many areas in modern western society. Among them, the three-level personality structurepoints out that the imbalance of ego, id or the self, superego will lead to mental illness and personality disorder."The self", or the subconscious mind, is the most basic part of the personality structure and lies in the deepest heart, representing the most primitive, instinctive impulse and desire. Id follows the principles of happiness that do not have any moral, ethical and value factors. It is easily impulsive, but can be controlled and regulated. "The ego" is from “the id”and is the executor of the personality. It is the medium that contact with the outside world according to actual condition to adjust the id and the superego and it does things according to the moral principles. "The superego" is a manager in the personality structure, and is on behalf of the social moral standards. Since there always exists the opposite between the superego and the id, ego needs to coordinate the contradictions between the id and the superego.Only the id, ego and superego arrive balance, can a person's spiritual world be normal. If they don't balance, they can cause abnormal mentality and personality distortion.Poe probed the most secret unconscious and subconscious mental activities that showed a person‟s mentality from abnormal to breakdown.Poe's psychological description is vivid, natural and frank. Through psychological activities, we can see the ugliness and evil of human nature, and have a profound introspection and the purification of the soul.In the book of the Black Cat,when the hero‟s superego is unable to suppress and prevent id‟s violent impulse, violent nature that hidden in the depths of the protagonist subconscious began to do evil things. So one day the hero committed unforgivable crimes under the uncontrolled evil thoughts. Later, protagonist and his superego was tormented by criminal facts. Every time he remember that day he killed the cat, he still feel sadness and pain. As a result of the need to self hurt self, people often know that we should not do but still done something stupid or evil. In this novel, Poe went into the most deep place of the human consciousness that showed the evil instinct in a person's unconscious.Usher lived in the house of usher where full of despair for a long time, and only had a sister. The intolerable darkness, and desolate, terrible, bleak atmosphere gradually eroded and distorted Usher‟s spirit. And because id overindulgence made he fornicate with his sister, he felt deeply regret, fear, anxiety and guilt. Because of id indulgence, superego will severely punish id.It is difficult to achieve balance for these three parts which are always contradictory and not harmonious in the personality structure, so everyone more or less have somemental illness that symptoms severity or lighter. The objective environment make the readers realize the psychological development of health and personality molding auxiliary need good environment, including family environments, school environments, social environments, etc. Ego should coordinate the relationship between the id and the superego, and should emphasize the guidance and warning role of superego and should make decisions according to the social ethics and common sense.b. From the theory of effects and unifyIn "the review of H awthorne’s twice told tales" (the review of Hawthorne 's twice told tales. 1840) he explained his creation principles. He thought a clever writer not put his own thoughts into his plot, but planned in advance and created a unique distinctive effect, and then fabricated some plots and contacted with these plots. All these things are in order to realize the theory of effect and unify. He believed that the work should be a harmonious unity. From beginning to end, every detail, every plot, each place, even every sentence, every word should achieve a unified effect.Based on his famous creation principle of theory of the effect and unify. Through his elaborate conception and clever arrangement, he created the unique aesthetic effects, and aesthetic values.In the novels, name is not random, but carefully chosen for the ultimate horror effects. The pronunciation of Fortunato is similar with fortunate, and Pluto is the name of the hell in ancient Greek mythology.IV. Rendering TechniqueA. The Specific Application of Rendering TechniqueIn Poe 's horror fictions, both the depiction of psychology, environment, and all kinds of horrible death way in the novels, give one impression of terror. In the fall of the house of usher, Poe portrayed“I looked up at the old house with its high stone walls and narrow windows. I looked around at the thin dry grass and the old dying trees, and sick, and could not think of one happy thought to chase away my gloom.”Thus we can see, His works through rendering environment, such as old house, high stone walls, narrow windows, thin dry grass, old dying tree, to emphasize the decline of the surrounding environment, which makes people feel that life is fragile and prepares for the next horrible plot.In the Fall of the House of Usher, about seven or eight days after they had put LadyMadeleine‟s coffin in the vault. Outside, there was a storm which was growing wilder. “I”could hear some low sounds from somewhere inside the house. And then Poe described the violent storm as the follow that made people feel much tension.“T he wind from the violent storm outside crashed into the room, nearly knocking us to the floor. It was, indeed, a wild, but strangely beautiful night. The wind seemed to be going in circles around the house, and huge, heavy black clouds chased each other, first this way, then that way. We could see no moon and no stars, but a pale ghostly light lay around the house.”At that moment, “I”read a wild, fantastic story whose plot is Ethelred breaking the old man‟s door, the cry of the dragon, and the falling of the gates. This story the hero read enhanced the tense atmosphere. And then the plot arrived the climax. Usher‟s body began to shake, and a sickly smile came over his lips. He said that he had put Madeleine alive into a coffin. At the end of this story, Poe depicted this picture “O utside, the storm was still violent and as I ran past the lake, a sudden wild light shone around me......There was a long shouting sound, like the voice of a thousand waters, and the deep dark lake closed over the broken pieces of the House of Usher.”which made everything disappeared and the story full of the breath of despairing.Ｖ．Writing From First PersonＡ．The specific Application of First PersonIt's not hard to find that the first person in narration in Poe 's horror fictions. From the perspective of the reader, applying the first person to give readers a real feeling, to stimulate reading interest, and to build a kind of objective real effect. While from the author himself, using the first person in narrating the experience of gruesome story can objectively present and tell the hero's thoughts and behaviors. This way can let article write fluently and better analyze the narrator own mental condition. Poe seemed to be a prophet of god, and know the development of all things.In the novel William Wilson, a series of events experienced by the author with "I" as the main content, he also let readers feel that has really happened , and leave the deep impression.In the beginning of the Tell-Tale Heart,“I could hear all things, things in this world and things in heaven. I heard many things in hell, too. So how can I be mad?”The "I" repeatedly stressed he is not crazy, normal mental, how people have a normal mental to kill the old man suffered from cataract? When the police asked what has happened, “I”heard the noise of the old man‟s noise of beating heart becoming louder and clearer, and then “I”collapsed, told the police that the corpse was under the floor. If “I” didn't hear that beating heart, I can escape from the pain of heart, and legal sanctions, but “I”heard this horrible noise was bigger and bigger, “I” argued, “I” walked up and down the room, “I” felt that “I”must scream or die. Finally, “I” can not stand it and accept the realistic punishment.“We humans seem to like hurting ourselves. Haven‟t we all, a hundred times, done something stupid or evil just because we know that we should not do it? ”He borrowed "I" in The Black Cat to briefly analyze people ‟ s criminal mentality, and show that the dark inner corner of the man.IV. ConclusionPoe lived in America where the whole country was filled with hope of life in the second half of the 19th century, however, he focused on the death, and the darkness. Edgar Allan Poe 's works not only improved the depth and breadth in literature, and promoted the development of the romanticism, but also studied social concerned psychological problems now. Poe by means of describing the terror to express his view on the good and evil, to expose meditation and inner struggle in the modern western. As a successor and innovator of traditional Gothic literature, he has become a significant writer in American literature. He used techniques such as symbol, rendering, the first person visual single in his tales to create a stunning success. Edgar Allan Poe's strove to explore the secrets of the human mind, and explored the limits of human psychology. He showed that beauty is not a kind of nature, but make the readers feel strong sense of pleasure from horror and let readers enjoy them.。
浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现
浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现爱伦·坡是19世纪初期哥特式文学的代表人物之一，他的作品不仅具有浓厚的恐怖氛围，而且还融入了哥特式的创作手法。
哥特式文学是一种具有强烈感性色彩的文学，依靠恐怖、神秘和惊悚等元素来创造紧张的氛围，给读者带来强烈的情感震撼。
本文旨在分析爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法的体现。
一、独特的叙事方式爱伦·坡的小说通常采用第一人称叙事，通过主人公的口述来刻画人物的性格、经历和情感。
这种叙事方式可以让读者更加深入地了解主人公的内心世界，同时也增加了故事的真实感和可信度。
此外，爱伦·坡的小说中还常常采用回顾的叙事方式，通过主人公的回忆或思考来交代故事的前因后果，使整个故事更加紧凑和连贯。
二、虚构的故事背景哥特式文学中的故事背景往往是虚构的、神秘的和恐怖的。
爱伦·坡的小说同样采用了这种手法，他创造了许多惊悚的场景，如布满蜘蛛网的城堡、黑暗的地下室和神秘的森林等。
这些场景不仅增加了故事的神秘感和紧张感，而且还提醒读者小说中的故事是虚构的，不是真实的世界，从而使读者更加深入地体验小说带来的刺激和快感。
三、恐怖的元素哥特式文学中最为显著的特征就是恐怖的元素。
爱伦·坡在其小说中也注重恐怖元素的运用，包括死亡、暴力、怪物、鬼魂等等。
例如《黑猫》中的主人公就通过杀害自己的宠物猫展现出了他内心深处的恶毒和邪恶。
这种恐怖元素的运用不仅增加了读者的紧张感和惊悚感，而且还可以让读者更加深入地了解主人公的性格和内心世界。
四、诗一般的语言哥特式文学的语言具有特殊的艺术美感，通常采用华丽繁复、诗一般的语言来展现故事情节。
爱伦·坡的小说同样采用了这种华丽的语言风格，通过音韵、节奏和韵律等手法来创造小说中特有的艺术感。
此外，爱伦·坡的小说中还经常采用视觉形象进行描写，让读者更加深刻地感受到小说中的恐怖和神秘感。
以上四点就是爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法的体现。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
浅谈爱伦.坡短篇小说的艺术特色摘要本文结合美国19世纪作家爱伦·坡短篇小说的特点和对世界文学的影响，就其短篇小说创作的叙事艺术、文体艺术与风格艺术的形成以及在作品中对这些艺术的营造三个方面进行了论述，旨在探讨爱·伦坡小说的唯美艺术特色。
关键词：爱伦·坡短篇小说艺术特色中图分类号：i106文献标识码：a爱伦·坡是被誉为文坛怪杰的美国19世纪作家。
其大量诗歌及短篇小说一直受到广泛的关注，尤其是他的短篇小说，以其神秘感、恐怖感引起越来越多的研究者和文学爱好者的兴趣。
在创作理念上，爱伦·坡勇于创新，大力修正哥特小说的流行模式，充分践行其“效果说”理论，积极追求使用双重化的艺术，营造出强烈的艺术效果。
回顾爱伦·坡的创作生涯及其在文学史上激起的一次次批评热情，我们不得不再次探究爱伦·坡在短篇小说创作中所使用的艺术策略。
一叙事艺术特色在文学旨趣上，爱伦·坡一直主张由心境所支配、以效果为旨趣的短篇。
他不惜调动一切艺术手段，采用一切可以烘托和营造气氛的细节，使作品叙事特色产生巨大的艺术感染力。
1 以第一人称为叙事视角从叙事学的角度来考察爱伦·坡的短篇小说，不难发现他几乎所有的作品都是以第一人称视觉进行叙述的：第一人称叙述者“我”往往既是叙述者，又是故事人物；既可以是故事主人公，又可以是故事事件的旁观者。
而叙述视觉的一大特点是使叙述产生强烈的切身性，“会给小说营造出一种客观的真实效果”。
2 以设置悬念为叙事手段在美国的短篇小说发展史上，爱伦·坡是第一个有意识将短篇小说作为独立文学体裁来写的作家，并提出了短篇小说的创作理论。
当时的作家普遍认为，作品的人物性格随故事发展而变化。
一篇小说的结局可以同原来所考虑的根本不同。
而爱伦·坡认为，短篇小说的创作是由作家“精心设计某种要达到的单一的效果，然后虚构情节，将这种事件联系起来，使之能最好地达到预定的效果。
”因此，设置未知的悬念是爱伦·坡短篇小说的典型叙事艺术特色之一。
这实际也是他的“效果优先”论，即把效果置于情节、人物等因素之上；摆脱了情节第一或者人物第一的争论，把关注点从作品的具体构思转移到这一构思产生的后果上。
这种转移也意味着从文本转向了读者，从文本创作转向了读者接受。
同时，他还要求，“在整个故事的创作中，不应该有一个字不直接或间接地与预先建立的模式契合。
”“如果故事开头的第一句话不能产生这样的效果，那么，作者的第一个努力就归于失败了。
”如爱伦·坡的短篇小说《人群中的人》当属设计悬念最典型的作品。
在故事中，讲述人“大病初愈，从郁闷转为愉快的心境，欲念高涨”，结果在人群当中发现了一个神秘老头，脸上有种“过去从未见过的表情……一种魔鬼形象的再现”，讲述人对他发生了浓厚的兴趣，开始跟踪他。
读者阅读这篇故事，头脑中会不断追问，这神秘老头是谁？他是干什么的？每到一处老头停下脚步，读者就会松一口气，“原来他是……”，然而，不等假设成立，老头又继续上路，这就否定了刚刚的猜测。
可是到最后读者也没有弄明白，这个老头是谁。
恰恰是这种对未知事件的好奇，使读者被深深吸引。
同时，坡笔下的悬念很少给读者一个确切的答案，这使得他的作品具有更广的阐释空间，有更丰富的意蕴，更增加了他小说的叙事艺术特色。
3 以反讽艺术为叙事效果我们知道小说的情节只能渐次展开，然而在爱伦·坡的小说中，他封闭故事的时间，将故事的结局预先设定、预先叙述，或进行暗示。
再将故事人物的体验随着故事情节的叙述逐层、渐次展开。
这样，读者在阅读时，思维就走在了故事时间的前面，对故事接下来要发生的情节预先了解。
这种读者和故事人物对情节体验上的不同步，导致了读者与其中的主人公构成信息上的不对称，从而构成了坡的小说的反讽的艺术。
如《一桶白葡萄酒》透过故事中的主人公之一，读者从一开始就预知了谋杀的阴谋。
这样，读者的思维走向随着情节的发展，与故事叙述者之间形成一种对话关系，而这种对话关系仅仅存在于读者和叙述者之间，并不存在于小说中的两个冤家之间。
因此，这种模式就形成了文本的一种张力，进而由这种张力形成小说效果上的反讽。
二文体艺术特色二战后，西方进入批评多元化时期，而爱伦·坡仍为后结构主义批评下多种批评话语的宠儿。
他的文本多是隐喻性的，他也被认为是象征主义的鼻祖，从而和现代主义结下了不解之缘。
当我们采用文本细读，关注他的小说文本自身时，就会发现坡的小说文本具有如下艺术特色：1 意象艺术手法所谓意象，就是客观物象经过创作主体独特的情感活动而创造出来的一种艺术形象。
简单地说，意象就是寓“意”之“象”，就是用来寄托主观情思的客观物象。
饱浸了浪漫主义时代精神的爱伦·坡，在小说文本的内容和形式方面都刻意求新。
其小说文本内部的世界迥异于现实，人物都有自己的独特的行动逻辑。
与现实的认同达到了最大的分离，为查知真义，读者必须展开丰富的想象，破解谜团。
与小说文本内部世界相一致，爱伦·坡充分调动了一名天才诗人的才能，营造了一个个独特而意义深邃的意象。
他通过某种具体的事物或形象来表现这种抽象的概念。
其中，充当这种抽象概念的载体的东西便是动物和房屋，在作品中则具体表现为动物意象和颜色意象。
（1）动物意象动物意象在坡笔下往往象征着本能与非理性，如《黑猫》。
在西方，“黑猫”传说是巫婆的化身，象征着邪恶，是一种被赋予神秘主义色彩的不祥的动物。
爱伦·坡在小说中别有用心地以黑猫作标题，一开始就为小说的发展奠定了一个不祥的基调。
同时，他说：“天下所有黑猫都是女巫”，从语言学的角度，黑猫是一种能指，而它代表的意义则是其所指，“女巫”便是强调“黑猫”所能呈现出来的意象。
（2）颜色意象在爱伦·坡的哥特式小说中，我们可以看到大量红色意象。
如在《梅岑格施泰因》中：“但因那尚未突然变得更激烈的喧嚣，他竭尽全力将自己的目光转向燃烧的马厩映在他房间窗户上的红色火光”。
红色意象的选择，是有着坡自己独特的创作动机的。
因为，它是血的颜色，代表阴郁、凄迷，常和恐怖与杀气相连。
通过坡短篇小说的阅读经验，我们可以看到坡的恐怖小说在选择意象时就利用了红色的这一符号学意义。
2 象征艺术手法象征是文艺创作中通过特定的容易引起联想的具体形象，表现与之相似或相近特点的概念、思想和感情的艺术手法。
爱伦·坡的小说被称为“象征主义戏剧”，通过典型的气氛与情节描写，具有强烈的戏剧效果。
爱伦·坡在创作中运用象征艺术手法，常见的有以下三种：1、用象征手法构思全文；2、用象征手法刻画主要形象；3、用象征手法进行暗示，创造气氛或抒发感情。
3 暗示艺术手法离奇诡异的情节、波折流动的情感在爱伦·坡的哥特式恐怖小说中，通常通过理性的逻辑、缜密的思维，将看似不可思议的理性与非理性达到矛盾的统一，相得益彰地加以表达。
如在坡的小说《乌鸦》中，故事中的叙事者是一位因失去挚爱而极度悲痛的无名氏，在暗夜里邂逅一只会说话的乌鸦，无论男主角问乌鸦什么问题，乌鸦的回答永远只有一句话，就是“永不复返”。
2007年，英国艺术家兼策展人米勒与布莱伯利举办画展向坡致敬，其中许多参展的艺术家纷纷以将乌鸦纳入创作的主要元素。
在展览正式对外开展前几天，艺术家菲尔赫斯特离奇死亡。
而令人不可思议的是米勒作品上所涂写的“死期不远了”，就摆在的菲尔赫斯特作品旁边，彷佛冥冥中已经暗示这一切。
此外，展前菲尔赫斯特那张沾满血迹的床上并没有乌鸦，开展后，却多了一只乌鸦立在床檐上，乌鸦的刻意摆放正暗示着那句不断重复的口白“永不复返”。
菲尔赫斯特的死，意外地为爱伦·坡的《乌鸦》的暗示艺术手法下了一个贴切脚注。
4 人物的心理化艺术手法直接触及人类灵魂的隐秘世界是爱伦·坡哥特小说的独创之处。
为了渲染气氛，他在描写一个外在的恐怖行为的同时，其做法通常是大胆率直地深入人物的内心深处，将人类灵魂深处的暗道或者密室描绘出来，揭示人物的内在的深层动机。
从而得到小说最终震撼读者的并不是简单的刑事案件，而是内在的人物心理。
这种做法，在他的短篇小说中，贯穿于各个方面。
因此，他的创作表是将取得某种独特的心理效果作为自己短篇小说创作的核心。
如爱伦·坡久享盛誉的短篇小说《泄密的心》充分展现了人物的犯罪动机和过程，坡通过深入主人公的内心世界，把主人公病态的犯罪心理的描写作为小说的主要内容，逼真、传神地刻画出来，以夸张手法表现了令人恐怖的变态心理及其虚幻感觉。
小说的主人公是一位神经过敏、心理变态的年轻人，对邻居老人怀有一种莫名仇恨。
这种仇恨心理日夜折磨着主人公，使他无时无刻都不得安宁。
在这种使他疯狂的变态心理的催逼之下，他经过巧妙安排，在一个黑夜动手杀害了老人，并藏尸于地板下。
后来警察来调查，他起初应对自如几乎蒙混过去，可在最后时刻，他把自己因过度紧张而产生的咚咚心跳声误认为是地板下老人的心跳声。
他再也受不了了，做出一系列的古怪举动，然后向警察坦白罪行。
三风格艺术特色爱伦·坡在短暂的一生中共写过70余篇短篇小说，其作品风格可以概括为：梦幻、死亡和罪恶。
他写梦是因为他认为现实中到处都充满了残酷、丑陋、腐败和堕落。
他或许想从梦中得到某些解脱。
具体分析如下：1 荒诞艺术一个个颤栗的恐惧的灵魂，是我们在爱伦·坡的小说中能深刻地体会到的，所以，我们在阅读爱伦·坡的小说时常常完全沉浸到他通过文本表现出来的恐怖氛围中。
在爱伦·坡的短篇小说中，被斥为梦言呓语的故事内容和癫狂乖张的故事人物，充分体现了爱伦·坡的荒诞艺术。
《泄密的心》中的主人公仅仅因为与他同居老头的一只眼睛犹如“兀鹫的眼睛——淡淡的蓝色，蒙着一层阴翳”，竟然就动了杀机，将其杀害并肢解。
而在杀人后他先是“喜笑颜开”，并在检查尸体时异常冷静地确定那老头的确没了心跳之后，“精明地藏尸灭迹”，“飞快而悄无声息”地将一切都干得干净利落。
这些都充分体现了主人公在处于极度癫狂的状态下还是保持清醒的理性头脑，读之令人不寒而栗。
2 死亡艺术爱伦·坡的作品创作绝大部分都涉及了死亡主题。
他善于大量铺陈恐怖、怪诞、血腥的死亡场景，字里行间都透出一种死亡的诡异感，让读者感到毛骨悚然。
而这些，正是彰显其作品风格的艺术特色。
作为短篇小说的开创者，爱伦·坡强调小说效果的统一性，提出每部作品都旨在渲染一种气氛、心境或情绪，文中的每个词、每句话都必须有助于造成统一的效果。
对死亡的恐惧无疑是读者感兴趣的最好的主题，因此爱伦·坡致力于在作品中描述死亡，将读者领进一片阴森可怖的死亡之地，对其产生巨大的心理震撼。
爱伦·坡对死亡的表现打破了传统意义上的美学界限。