国际贸易实务第2章课后习题参考答案
国际贸易实务第二章课后习题答案
一、单项选择题
1.C
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. D
二、多选题
1.ABC
2.ABCDE
三、简答题
1、答案要点:我国进出口商品的作价原则是:在贯彻平等互利的原则下根据国际市场价格水平,结合国别地区政策,并按照我们的购销意图确定适当的价格。
由于价格构成因素不同,影响价格变化的因素也多种多样。
因此在确定进出口商品价格时,必须充分考虑影响价格的种种因素,并注意同一商品在不同情况下应有合理的差价,防止出现不区分情况,采取全球同一价格的错误做法。
2、答案要点.1)考虑商品的质量和档次
2)考虑运输距离
3)要考虑交货地点和交货条件
4)考虑季节性需求的变化
5)考虑成交数量
6)考虑支付条件和汇率变动的风险
此外,交货期的远近,市场销售习惯和消费者的爱好与否等因素,对确定价格也有不同程度的影响。
3.答案要点:固定价格即固定作价法,是指买卖双方在签订合同时,将货物价格一次“订死“,不再变动。
这种作价办法比较适合交易量不大、市场价格变动不大、交货期较短的商品交易。
在大宗交易时,一般应加订保值条款,规定如果计价和支付货币币值发生变动,价格可根据保值货币相应调整,以防止汇率变动可能产生的风险损失。
4、答案要点:(1)凡价格中包含佣金的,称为“含佣价”。
含佣价可用文字表示。
如USD per metric ton CIF New York including 2% commission 。
(2)也可在贸易术语后面加注佣金的英文缩写字母“C”,并注明佣金的百分比来表示,如USD per metric ton CIFC2% New York 。
(3)明佣的表示方法一般是在价格之后加列一定百分比的佣金率,如USD27.50 per piece CIFC5 New York ,这里的C5指5%commission ,即佣金率。
(4)除用百分比表示外,也可以用绝对数来表示,如“每公吨付佣金25美元”。
如中间商为了从买卖双方获取“双头佣金”或为了逃税,有时要求在合同中不规定佣金,而另按双方暗中达成的协议支付。
5、答案要点:(1)在国际贸易中,折扣通常在规定价格条款时,用文字明确表示出来。
明扣在价格条款中明确表示出来,如“USD280.00 per M/T CIF Bombay less 3% Discount ”,此例也可这样表示:“CIF Bombay 每公吨280美元,减3%折扣”。
此外,折扣也可以用绝对数来表示,如“每公吨折扣6美元”。
在实际业务中,也有用CIFD或CIFD来表示CIF价格中包含折扣的,这里的D和R是Discount 和Rebate 的缩写。
鉴于在贸易术语中加注的D或R含义不清,可能引起误解,故最好不使用次缩写语。
(2)交易双方采取暗扣的做法时,则在合同价格条款中不予规定,有关折扣的问题,按交易双方暗中达成的协议处理。
这种做法属于不公平竞争。
公职人员或企业雇佣人员拿暗扣,应属贪污受贿行为。
五、实训练习
(1)出口报价核算实训
A牌彩色电视机成本:1700(1+17%—9%)/(1+17%)=1569.23
A牌:
FOB=1569.23/6.6+(1850+200+100+1400+2500+900)/180/6.6+1700(1+10%)/6.6=52 6.94
CFR=1569.23/6.6+(1850+200+100+1400+2500+900)/180/6.6+4000/180+1700(1+10 %)/6.6=549.16
CIF=1569.23/6.6+(1850+200+100+1400+2500+900)/180/6.6+4000/180+1700(1+10 %)/6.6=526.94+1700(1+10%)0.5%/6.6=550.58
B牌实际成本1900(1+17%-9%)/(1+17%)=1753.85
FOB=1753.85/6.6+(1850+200+100+1400+2500+900)/150/6.6+1900(1+10%)/6.6=58 9.42
CFR=1753.85/6.6+(1850+200+100+1400+2500+900)/150/6.6+1900(1+10%)/6.6+40 00/150=616.09
CIF=1753.85/6.6+(1850+200+100+1400+2500+900)/150/6.6+1900(1+10%)/6.6+400 0/150+1900(1+10%)0.5%=617.67
(2)报价核算练习
1)FOB=60*(1-2%-110%*1%)=58.14
FOBC3=58.14/(1-3%)=59.94
出口换汇成本=(380+15)/59.94=6.59
盈亏率=[58.14*6.6-(380+15)]/(380+15)= -2.85%
2)出口总成本=1800(1+17%)=2106人民币元
出口销售外汇净收入=500-70-6.5=423.5美元
出口换汇成本=2,106人民币元/423.5美元≈4.973元人民币/美元
出口销售人民币净收入=423.5×6.6=2795.1(元人民币)
出口盈亏率=( 2795.1 -2106)÷2106×100%≈32.72%
3)国内费用
(850+180+580+90+1100+850)/(222*2)=3650/444=8.2207
海洋运费
2150/(222*2)*6.6=31.9595
采购成本
KA2345:52(1+17%-8%)/(1+17%)=48.4444
KB3321:60(1+17%-8%)/(1+17%)=55.8974
KC3464:43(1+17%-8%)/(1+17%)=40.0598
KD4242:76(1+17%-8%)/(1+17%)=70.8034
KA2345:
FOBC5=(48.4444+8.2207+52*5%)/(1-5%)/6.6=9.45
CFRC5=(48.4444+8.2207+52*5%+31.9595)/(1-5%)/6.6=14.55
CIFC5=(48.4444+8.2207+52*5%+31.9595)/(1-110%*0.85%-5%)/6.6=14.69
KB3321:
FOBC5=(55.8974+8.2207+52*5%)/(1-5%)/6.6=10.64
CFRC5=(55.8974+8.2207+52*5%+31.9595)/(1-5%)/6.6=15.74
CIFC5=(55.8974+8.2207+52*5%+31.9595)/(1-110%*0.85%-5%)/6.6=15.89
KC3464:
FOBC5=(40.0598+8.2207+52*5%)/(1-5%)/6.6=8.11
CFRC5=(40.0598+8.2207+52*5%+31.9595)/(1-5%)/6.6=13.21
CIFC5=(40.0598+8.2207+52*5%+31.9595)/(1-110%*0.85%-5%)/6.6=13.34
KD4242:
FOBC5=(70.8034+8.2207+52*5%)/(1-5%)/6.6=13.02
CFRC5=(70.8034+8.2207+52*5%+31.9595)/(1-5%)/6.6=18.12
CIFC5=(70.8034+8.2207+52*5%+31.9595)/(1-110%*0.85%-5%)/6.6=18.30
(3)案例分析
案例一参考答案:交易双方按CIF贸易术语成交,在CIF合同项下,货物运输途中的风险,本应由买方承担。
本案合同规定:“卖方务必办妥货运保险后发运”,这表明,货物途中的风险是由买方承担的,买方想通过保险来转嫁货物运输途中的风险,也就是说,本案合同的性质属装运合同。
尽管合同规定“买方从货物到达之时起3个月付款”,但这并未将货物到达那不勒斯作为履行付款责任的前提条件,若是货物到达才需付款,买方何必要求卖方务必办妥货运保险后发运。
可见,本案合同所指的“货物到达”一词,指的是付款时间,而不是付款的前提条件,在此情况下,即使船只中途沉没而不能到达,也应以船舶按照正常情况本应到达的时间作为计算付款的日期。
本案合同项下的买方拒付货款毫无道理。
因此,法官做出卖方胜诉的判决是很正确的。
案例二参考答案:本案既然是按CIF价格条件和信用证付款方式达成交易的,则价格条件就是商业发票内的主要项目,贸易术语是商品单价的一个组成部分。
制单人不应该在发票的单价项下漏打“CIF”字样。
而且在信用证付款条件下,银行是凭单据付款,制单人漏打“CIF”字样,使单据表面上与信用证规定不符,开证银行有权拒付货款。
本案商业汇票上漏打“CIF”字样,虽然没有影响开证人的实际利益,但他抓住单证上的问题,有理不饶人,或者拒付货款,或者杀价。
由此可见,在制单工作中,必须一丝不苟。
第二章国际贸易实务货物的描述
第一节 导读 第二节 货物的名称和品质 第三节 货物的数量 第四节 货物的包装 本章小结 习题解答参考
第二章 货物的描述
第一节 导读
案例一,某外贸公司向德国出口一批大麻,买方出具了货物 品质比样品低7%的检验证明,并要求赔偿。由于我方留存的样 品遗失,无法说明清楚,只好赔付品质差价款。
第二章 货物的描述
第三节 货物的数量
一、计量单位和计量方法 二、数量条款
第二章 货物的描述
第三节 货物的数量
一、计量单位和计量方法
(一)业务中常用的度量衡制度 常用的度量衡制度有米制、英制、美制及国际单位制。 1.米制(The Metric System)又称公制,它采用十进位制,换算方便, 使用较多。 2.英制(The British System),它不采用十进位制,换算不方便,使 用范围逐渐减小。 3.美制(The U.S. System)以英制为基础,多数计量单位的名称与英 制相同,但含义有差别,主要体现在重量和容量单位中。 4.国际单位制(The International System of Units,简称SI),是在 米制的基础上发展起来的,它有利于计量单位的统一和计量制度的标准化。 我国法定计量单位是国际单位制。业务中,除非另有规定,均应使用法定计 量单位。
二、货物的品质
货物的品质(Quality of Goods),是指货物的内在品质和外 观形态的综合。内在品质包括货物的物理性能、机械性能、生物 特征、化学成分等自然属性;外观形态包括货物的外形、色泽、 款式、味觉和透明度等。
(一)表示货物品质的方法 (二)合同中的品质条款
第二章 货物的描述
第二节 货物的名称和品质
第二章 货物的描述
第三节 货物的数量
国际贸易实务英文版第二版课后习题答案
Chapter 2 International Trade TermsIII. Explain the following terms1. shipment contractShipment contract is a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before the time of shipment.2. symbolic deliverySymbolic delivery is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.3. arrival contractArrival contract means a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at the destination.4. actual deliveryActual delivery refers to a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receive the goods.IV. Short questions1. Who pays for loading for shipment under FOB ?The seller.2. Who pays for unloading under CIF?The buyer.3. Compare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF?Similarities: a. The seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board, b. The seller is responsible for export customs formalities while the buyer is responsible for import customs formalities, c. The buyer is responsiblefor unloading the goods at the port of destination, d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation.Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer's risk.4. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of risks?Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shipment contract terms the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment. Under arrival contract terms the seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive at the destination.5. What are the differences and similarities between CPT and CFR?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage.b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.6. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage.b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation,c. The seller must obtain insurance against the buyer's risk.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for seaway or inland waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carriernominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.7. If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms without any doubt? What should you do?No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially in the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders should clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.FOB, CFR & CIF.9. Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOB contract?The seller. According to Incoterms 2010, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while the buyer the import customs formalities.10. If a Chinese trader signs an FOB contract, is he exporting or importing?Importing. FOB should be used with a "named port of shipment", if is the port of shipment, from the Chinese trader's perspective, he is importing.V. Case studies1. An FOB contract stipulated "The shipment will be effected in March 2011." When the goods were ready on 10 March , the seller contacted the buyer for shipment details. The buyer faxed "Please send the goods to the port for loading on 21 March. The vessel will depart on 22 March." The seller sent the goods to the port accordingly. However the nominated vessel did not turn up and the goods had to be stored in the warehouse at the port. On the night of 21 March a fire happened in the warehouse area and part of the goods was damaged. When the vessel arrived two days later the seller and the buyer had an argument about the settlement of the loss. The seller required the buyer to bear the loss caused by the fire, but the buyer believed that the vessel arrived within the shipment period and the loss occurredbefore the seller delivered the goods therefore the seller should bear the loss. Please provide your solution.析:1)首先案例中提到货物发生了损失是由于货物存放在码头仓库期间发生火灾造成的。
国际贸易实务第二章参考答案
国际贸易实务第二章课后习题答案一、单项选择题二、多项选择题三、判断题四、简答题1、交易前的准备工作:(1)国际市场调研(2)寻找客户2、寻找客户的途径:(1)出国访问;(2)根据国内外出版的各种进出口商名录、国内外报刊(比如国际商报)上的广告和出版物中的“贸易机会”,利用上面留下的联系方式,直接以函电等方式进行接洽;(3)邀请国内外进出口同业公会、商会、银行或有关贸易促进结构代为介绍;(4)请本国驻外国使领馆的商务参赞、代办处或外国驻本国使领馆的商务参赞、代办处代为介绍;(5)利用国内外的专业咨询公司介绍客户,他们的业务关系中有许多具有一定影响、专业经验和能力的客户;(6)在国外刊登广告招揽生意;(7)参加各种机构(如贸易中心、外贸协会)举办的商展,包括我国的出口商品展销会(如每年春秋季举办的广交会、一年一度的华东商品交易会和华北出口商品交易会),以及在国外举办的展销会;(8)利用互联网上各种电子商务交易平台(B2B平台)的计算机数据库中提供的客户信息;(9)建立企业网站,对公司的发展历程、概况进行简单介绍;(10)直接走访进口国公司在我国设立的办事处;(11)到国外设立办事处,联络客户。
3、构成一项有效发盘的条件有:(1)向一个或一个以上特定的受盘人提出;(2)发盘的内容须十分确定;(3)表明接受时承受约束的意旨;(4)必须送达受盘人。
4、构成一项有效接受的条件有:(1)接受必须由发盘中确定的收盘人作出;(2)接受的内容必须与发盘相符;(3)接受必须在发盘规定的期限内作出。
5、逾期接受一般无效,只能看做一项新的发盘。
但公约规定,如果发盘人毫不延迟地用口头和书面通知受盘人,确认该接受有效,则该逾期接受仍有接受的效力。
如果逾期接受是由于传递不正常造成的,对此,除非发盘人毫不延迟地通知受盘人,发盘因逾期而失效,否则接受有效,合同于该接受到达时成立。
6、采用书面形式订立的合同,即可以作为合同成立的依据,也可以作为履行合同的依据,还有利于加强合同当事人的责任心,使其依约行事,即使履约中发生纠纷,也便于举证和分清责任,故书面合同成为合同的一种主要形式。
国际贸易实务课后答案
国际贸易实务课后习题参考答案国际贸易术语复习思考:1。
答:国际贸易术语是随着国际贸易的发展和长期的实践所形成的,用简短的概念或字母表示商品价格构成,说明交货地点和确定风险和责任、费用划分等问题的专用术语.2。
答:FOB、CFR、CIF的共同点:(1)三种价格术语交货性质相同,都是凭单交货,凭单付款象征性交货(2)三种价格术语都适用于海运和内河运输,其承运人一般只限于船公司。
(3)三种价格术语交货点均为装运港船舷。
(4)三种价格术语风险点均以在装运港越过船舷即从卖方转移至买方。
(5)三种价格术语办理出,进口清关手续相同:目的港的进口清关,费用等均由买方负责办理;装运港的装船,陆运,出口报关,办理许可证等均由卖方办理。
(6)三种价格术语成交方式相同:签订的都属于装运合同.FOB、CFR和CIF价格术语的不同点:(1)费用构成不一样,报价不一样。
FOB价格是考虑货物从原料购进、生产直到出口报关货物装到买方指定船舱同的一切费用和利润为止,而CFR是在FOB价格的基础上再加上海运费,CIF则是在FOB价格的基础上再加上海运费和保险费。
(2)运输办理不同:FOB租船订舱由买方办理;CFR、CIF租船订舱由卖方办理并支付运费。
保险费支付、办理不同:FOB、CFR保险由买方办理,卖方应于装船前通知买方;CIF保险由卖方办理并支付保险费,卖方按合同条款,保险条款办理保险并将保险单交给买方.(3)价格术语后港口性质不一样,FOB后的港口指卖方所在国的港口,而CFR与CIF后的港口指买方所在国的港口。
3。
答:应考虑以下因素:(1)运输方式与货源情况(2)运费变动因素(3)运输过程中的风险(4)办理进出口货物清关手续有无困难4。
答:DAT术语卖方负责卸;DAP术语卖方不负责卸货。
案例分析:1。
答:(1)不需要,因为采用FCA术语(货交承运人),卖方只要将货物在指定的地点交给买方指定的承运人并办理了出口清关手续,就完成了交货,即只要货交承运人风险就转移给买方,所以不用承担案中的损失。
(完整word版)国际贸易实务课后答案 .陈平
国际贸易实务课后习题参考答案国际贸易术语复习思考:1.答:国际贸易术语是随着国际贸易的发展和长期的实践所形成的,用简短的概念或字母表示商品价格构成,说明交货地点和确定风险和责任、费用划分等问题的专用术语。
2.答:FOB、CFR、CIF的共同点:(1)三种价格术语交货性质相同,都是凭单交货,凭单付款象征性交货(2)三种价格术语都适用于海运和内河运输,其承运人一般只限于船公司。
(3)三种价格术语交货点均为装运港船舷。
(4)三种价格术语风险点均以在装运港越过船舷即从卖方转移至买方。
(5)三种价格术语办理出,进口清关手续相同:目的港的进口清关,费用等均由买方负责办理;装运港的装船,陆运,出口报关,办理许可证等均由卖方办理。
(6)三种价格术语成交方式相同:签订的都属于装运合同。
FOB、CFR和CIF价格术语的不同点:(1)费用构成不一样,报价不一样。
FOB价格是考虑货物从原料购进、生产直到出口报关货物装到买方指定船舱同的一切费用和利润为止,而CFR是在FOB 价格的基础上再加上海运费,CIF则是在FOB价格的基础上再加上海运费和保险费。
(2)运输办理不同:FOB租船订舱由买方办理;CFR、CIF租船订舱由卖方办理并支付运费。
保险费支付、办理不同:FOB、CFR保险由买方办理,卖方应于装船前通知买方;CIF保险由卖方办理并支付保险费,卖方按合同条款,保险条款办理保险并将保险单交给买方。
(3)价格术语后港口性质不一样,FOB后的港口指卖方所在国的港口,而CFR 与CIF后的港口指买方所在国的港口。
3.答:应考虑以下因素:(1)运输方式与货源情况(2)运费变动因素(3)运输过程中的风险(4)办理进出口货物清关手续有无困难4.答:DAT术语卖方负责卸;DAP术语卖方不负责卸货。
案例分析:1.答:(1)不需要,因为采用FCA术语(货交承运人),卖方只要将货物在指定的地点交给买方指定的承运人并办理了出口清关手续,就完成了交货,即只要货交承运人风险就转移给买方,所以不用承担案中的损失。
国际贸易实务第2章课后习题参考答案
国际贸易实务第2章课后习题参考答案国际贸易实务第二章课后习题答案一、单项选择题1.C2. B3. D4. A5. D二、多选题1.ABC2.ABCDE三、简答题1、答案要点:我国进出口商品的作价原则是:在贯彻平等互利的原则下根据国际市场价格水平,结合国别地区政策,并按照我们的购销意图确定适当的价格。
由于价格构成因素不同,影响价格变化的因素也多种多样。
因此在确定进出口商品价格时,必须充分考虑影响价格的种种因素,并注意同一商品在不同情况下应有合理的差价,防止出现不区分情况,采取全球同一价格的错误做法。
2、答案要点.1)考虑商品的质量和档次2)考虑运输距离3)要考虑交货地点和交货条件4)考虑季节性需求的变化5)考虑成交数量6)考虑支付条件和汇率变动的风险此外,交货期的远近,市场销售习惯和消费者的爱好与否等因素,对确定价格也有不同程度的影响。
3.答案要点:固定价格即固定作价法,是指买卖双方在签订合同时,将货物价格一次“订死“,不再变动。
这种作价办法比较适合交易量不大、市场价格变动不大、交货期较短的商品交易。
在大宗交易时,一般应加订保值条款,规定如果计价和支付货币币值发生变动,价格可根据保值货币相应调整,以防止汇率变动可能产生的风险损失。
4、答案要点:(1)凡价格中包含佣金的,称为“含佣价”。
含佣价可用文字表示。
如USD per metric ton CIF New York including 2% commission 。
(2)也可在贸易术语后面加注佣金的英文缩写字母“C”,并注明佣金的百分比来表示,如USD per metric ton CIFC2% New York 。
(3)明佣的表示方法一般是在价格之后加列一定百分比的佣金率,如USD27.50 per piece CIFC5 New York ,这里的C5指5%commission ,即佣金率。
(4)除用百分比表示外,也可以用绝对数来表示,如“每公吨付佣金25美元”。
国际贸易实务英文第二课后习题答案
III. Explain the following terms1. shipment contractShipment contract is a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before the time of shipment.2. symbolic deliverySymbolic delivery is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.3. arrival contractArrival contract means a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at the destination.4. actual deliveryActual delivery refers to a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receive the goods.IV. Short questions1. Who pays for loading for shipment under FOB ?The seller.2. Who pays for unloading under CIF?The buyer.3. Compare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF?Similarities: a. The seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board, b. The seller is responsible for export customs formalities while the buyer is responsible for import customs formalities, c. The buyer is responsible for unloading the goods at the port of destination, d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation.Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer's risk.4. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of risks?Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shipment contract terms the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment.Under arrival contract terms the seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive at the destination.5. What are the differences and similarities between CPT and CFR?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.6. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The selleris not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation, c. The seller must obtain insurance against the buyer's risk.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for seaway or inland waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller.Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.7. If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms without any doubt?What should you do?No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially in the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders should clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.8. What are the most commonly used trade terms?FOB, CFR & CIF.9. Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOB contract?The seller. According to Incoterms 2010, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while the buyer the import customs formalities.10. If a Chinese trader signs an FOB Hamburg contract, is he exporting or importing?Importing. FOB should be used with a "named port of shipment", if Hamburg is the port of shipment, from the Chinese trader's perspective, he is importing.V. Case studies1. An FOB contract stipulated "The shipment will be effected in March 2011." When the goodswere ready on 10 March 201 l, the seller contacted the buyer for shipment details. The buyer faxed "Please send the goods to the port for loading on 21 March. The vessel will depart on22 March." The seller sent the goods to the port accordingly. However the nominated vesseldid not turn up and the goods had to be stored in the warehouse at the port. On the night of 21 March a fire happened in the warehouse area and part of the goods was damaged. When the vessel arrived two days later the seller and the buyer had an argument about the settlement of the loss. The seller required the buyer to bear the loss caused by the fire, but the buyer believed that the vessel arrived within the shipment period and the loss occurred before the seller delivered the goods therefore the seller should bear the loss. Please provide your solution.析:1)首先案例中提到货物发生了损失是由于货物存放在码头仓库期间发生火灾造成的。
国际贸易实务 课后练习参考答案
课后练习参考答案第1章商品的品名、品质、数量■课后自测□选择(单项)1、C2、B3、D4、A5、A□判断1、√2、×3、×4、√5、×6、√7、×8、√9、×10、√□简答1、从法律角度上看, 商品的具体描述是商品说明的一个主要组成部分,是货物交收的基本依据之一。
从业务角度看,商品品名是交易的物质内容,是交易赖以进行的物质基础和前提。
2、实物样品表示法:包括看货买卖、凭样品买卖等;文字说明表示法:包括凭规格买卖、凭等级买卖、凭标准买卖、凭牌号或商标买卖、凭产地名称买卖、凭说明书买卖和图样买卖等。
3、溢短装条款是在买卖合同的数量条款中,明确规定卖方允许多装或少装的百分比,其幅度不超过规定的百分比为限。
包括三方面的具体内容:①可溢短装的百分比。
②溢短装的选择权在买方或卖方。
③溢短装的计价。
4、①应根据不同商品的特性,正确使用表示品质的方法;②要从国内的生产实际出发,实事求是地规定适当的品质指标;③要注意条款的科学性和灵活性;④在进口交易中,应从我国实际出发,合理确定商品的各项品质指标。
5、①在合同中明确具体地规定数量的机动幅度;②在交易数量前加上“约”字,(按《UCP500》的解释,允许对有关金额或数量有±10%的增减);③在合同中未明确规定数量机动幅度,也未在交货数量前使用“约”字,(按《UCP500》的解释,在不超过信用证金额的条件下,对散装货物有±5%的机动幅度)。
■案例分析案例1本案例分析:在进出口贸易中,商品品质质量关系到用户的切身利益,正确规定商品品质的表示方法,有助于减少履行合同可能发生的争议。
对于样品买卖,在看样后,应采取有效措施固定样品,并在合同中正确表示,以避免交货时的争议。
案例2本案例分析:①在国际贸易中,凡属既凭样品买卖,又凭规格买卖,卖方所交货物必须既符合规格要求,又要和样品完全一致,否则买方有权拒收并提出索赔。
徐景霖国际贸易实务第11版课后习题答案详解
徐景霖国际贸易实务第11版课后习题答案详解范本一:尊敬的读者,感谢您阅读《徐景霖国际贸易实务第11版》课后习题答案详解。
本文档将对该教材的各个章节进行详细的解答和讲解,您更好地理解和掌握国际贸易实务的知识。
第一章:国际贸易基础知识1.1 国际贸易的定义和特点1.2 国际贸易主体和主要形式1.3 国际贸易的国内法律制度第二章:国际贸易环境与经济全球化2.1 国际贸易环境的要素和特点2.2 经济全球化的主要表现和影响2.3 国际经济组织和国际贸易规则第三章:国际贸易政策与手续3.1 国际贸易政策的基本原则和类型3.2 进出口许可证件与手续3.3 贸易保护主义措施第四章:国际贸易的结算与融资4.1 国际贸易的结算方式和主要条款4.2 国际贸易融资的种类和形式4.3 国际贸易支付工具和结算方式第五章:国际货物运输与保险5.1 国际货物运输的基本方式和特点5.2 国际货物运输的组织和协议5.3 国际货物保险的种类和保险单据第六章:国际商务实务与沟通技巧6.1 国际商务实务的基本环节和步骤6.2 国际商务谈判的原则和技巧6.3 国际商务沟通的方式和策略附件列表:附件一:国际贸易合同范本附件二:国际贸易电子商务平台介绍法律名词及注释:1. 国内法律制度:指一个国家或地区内部的法律体系,由宪法、法律、行政法规、地方性法规等构成,用于规范国内贸易活动的法律体系。
2. 进出口许可证件:指用于控制和管理进出口货物的文件或证件,包括许可证、登记证、批准证等。
3. 贸易保护主义措施:指国家为了保护本国产业和市场,对进口货物进行限制和限制性措施的做法,包括关税、配额、反倾销等手段。
感谢您使用本文档,如果有任何疑问,请随时与我们连系。
----------------------------------------------------------------范本二:亲爱的读者,感谢您阅读《徐景霖国际贸易实务第11版》课后习题答案详解。
国际贸易实务第二章课后答案
上海新发展进出口贸易实业有限公司Shanghai New Development Imp. &. Exp. Enterprises Co., Ltd.中国上海外高桥保税区台中南路××号××,Tai Zhong South Road WaiGaoQiao Free Trade Zone,Shanghai,PRC 电话Telephone: 86-21-50480555 传真Fax:86-21-50480164致:TO:售货确认书SALES CONFIRMATIONOVERSEAS TRADING CORP. 合同编号NO.: 01XDTTD-14778 SINGAPORE 签订日期Date: Oct.16th,2011 经双方同意按照下述条款签订本合同The buyer and seller have agreed to conclude the following transactions according to the terms and conditions stipulated below:(5)原产国(地)COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: MADE IN CHINA(6)包装PACKING: IN CARTON(7)保险INSURANCE:TO BE COVERED BY THE SELLER FOR 110% OF INVOICE VALUE AGAINST ALL RISKS AND WAR RISK AS PER THE OCEAN MARINE CARGO CLAUSE OF PICC DATED JAN. 1st,2009.(8)付款条件TERMS OF PAYMENT:THE BUYER SHALL OPEN THROUGH A BANK ACCEPTABLE BY THE SELLER AN IRREVOCABLE SIGHT LETTER OF CREDIT TO REACH THE SELLER 30 DAYS BEFORE THE MONTH OF SHIPMENT VALID FOR NEGOTIATION IN CHINA UNTIL THE 15th DAY AFTER THE DATE OF SHIPMENT.(9)装运期TIME OF SHIPMENT: DURING DEC.(10)装运口岸PORT OF SHIPMENT: SHANGHAI(11)到货口岸PORT OF DESTINATION: SINGAPORE买方:卖方:上海新发展进出口贸易实业有限公司The Buyer: OVERSEAS TRADING CORP. The Seller: SHANGHAI NEW DEVELOPMENT SINGAPORE IMP. & .EXP. ENTERPRISES CO.,LTD.上海新发展进出口贸易实业有限公司Shanghai New Development Imp. & Exp. Enterprises Co., Ltd中国上海外高桥保税收政策区台中南路2号2,Tai Zhong South Road WaiGaoQiao Free Trade Zone,Shanghai,PRC电话Telephone: 86-21-50480555 传真Fax:86-21-50480164致:TO:售货确认书SALES CONFIRMATIONOVERSEAS TRADING CORP. 合同编号NO.: 01XDTTD-14778 SINGAPORE 签订日期Date: OCT.16,2011经双方同意按照下述条款签定本合同The Buyer and Seller Have agree to conclude the following transactions according to the terms and Conditions stipulated below:5.原产国(地)COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: MADE IN CHINA6.包装PACKING: IN CARTONS OF SIX DOZENS EACH7.装运期TIME OF SHIPMENT: DURING DEC.,SHIPMENT WITHIN 30 DAYS AFTER RECEIPT L/C8.装运口岸PORT OF SHIPMENT: SHANGHAI9.到货口岸PORT OF DESTINATION: SINGAPORE10.保险INSURANCE:/TO BE COVERED BY THE SELLER FOR 110% OF INVOICE V ALUE AGAINST ALL RISKS AND WAR RISK AS PER THE OCEAN MARINE CARGO CLAUSE OF PICC DATED JAN. 1ST,1981.11.付款条件: THE BUYER SHALL OPEN THROUGH A BANK ACCEPTABLE BY THE SELLER AN IRREVOCABLE SIGHT LETTER OF CREDIT TO REACH THE SELLE 30 DAYS BEFORE THE MONTH OF SHIPMENT V ALID FOR NEGOTIATION IN CHINA UNTIL THE 15TH DAY AFTER THE DATE OF SHIPMENT。
