专题02：说明文(二)-备考2021年高考英语阅读理解体裁分类专练(含解析)
备战2021年高考英语篇章体裁分类专项训练专题02 说明文（二）话题：一、完形填空People are always asking what the most important element to a healthy relationship is. The 1 is there are many. But there is one really important thing that all great and healthy relationships have in common— 2 . Yes, of course, there are some little 3 lies even in the best of relationships— 4 surprises or unexpected birthday parties—but the truth is that happy couples communicate honestly and don’t 5 to protect their own interests. So how can you have more open 6 in your own relationship?First, remember that honesty is the best policy even 7 your partner might not like what you have to say. Yes, it may be 8 to tell your guy that you don’t like one of his friends. But lying or holding things 9 will make things worse in the long run.The next thing to be 10 is to say what you have to say 11 . If your partner feels 12 ,he will be less13 to what you have to say and may even become defensive. Your delivery is of utmost importance when you are discussing sensitive issues. Think through what you want to say 14 before youbring it up. You don’t want to 15 the person that you love. You just want them to be 16 of the truth.One last thing to keep in mind about communicating openly is that it enhances your relationship. If you aren’t honest about any dirty little 17 you may have, they will probably come up eventually and 18 you in the backside. And if you keep things to yourself, your relationship will not be based on the truth, which19 a solid foundation. Hard20 the truth may be sometimes, honesty really is the best policy.1．A．phenomenon B．truth C．theory D．evidence2．A．honesty B．enthusiasm C．cooperation D．persistence3．A．red B．purple C．white D．black4．A．security B．privilege C．anniversary D．ambition5．A．lie B．bargain C．complain D．interact6．A．appreciation B．reputation C．selection D．communication7．A．why B．when C．how D．where8．A．tough B．immediate C．complicated D．plain9．A．in B．on C．above D．back10．A．serious about B．proud of C．expert at D．worthy of11．A．obviously B．rudely C．nicely D．smoothly12．A．puzzled B．attacked C．astonished D．satisfied13．A．creative B．relative C．sensitive D．receptive14．A．slightly B．thoroughly C．frequently D．briefly15．A．suspect B．convince C．insult D．frighten16．A．afraid B．aware C．ashamed D．capable17．A．uniforms B．secrets C．blankets D．courts18．A．train B．consult C．understand D．bite19．A．picks out B．turns on C．makes for D．comes across20．A．although B．while C．until D．as二、阅读选择AArbeia Roman Fort (城堡) and MuseumLocation and HistoryArbeia Roman Fort is situated on Hadrian’s Wall. It was the most important structure built by the Romans in Britain, and now it has been a World Heritage (遗产) Site. Built around AD 160, Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base for the soldiers who were stationed along Hadrian’s Wall. The fort has been gradually uncovered and some original parts have been revealed. There are reconstructions that show how Arbeia Roman Fort would have looked.The ReconstructionsThe reconstructions of the Commanding Officer’s house and soldiers’ quarters are strikingly different. The accommodation for soldiers is dark and uncomfortable, while the Commanding Officer’s house is spacious and luxurious, with courtyards with fountains for him and his family to enjoy.The MuseumVisit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was really like at that time. You will see weapons, tools, jewellery, and so on. You can also discover how the Romans buried their dead and see tombstones (墓碑) which survive to this day. There is a “hands-on” area allowing visitors to dig on a certain site and study their findings with the help of museum staff. You can piece together pottery (陶器), or try writing just as the Romans would have done. For children, they can build this ancient Roman fort with building blocks by themselves.Opening Times and Getting ThereApril 1-October 31:Monday to Saturday 10:00am-5:00pm, Sunday 2:00pm-5:00pm.November 1-March 31:Monday to Saturday 11:00am-4:00pm, closed Sunday. (Closed December 25-26 and January 1)Entry is free.Arbeia is only a ten-minute walk from the bus station at South Shields. Free car park nearby.Website:/arbeia21．According to the passage, Arbeia Roman Fort ______.A. was related to the militaryB. got reconstructions around AD 160C. was built in a small area in RomeD. provided a comfortable life for soldiers22．What can visitors do in the museum?A. See historical objects.B. Build tombstones for the dead.C. Write to ancient Romans.D. Try using old tools and weapons.23. What time does Arbeia Roman Fort close?A. On April 1.B. On October 31.C. On November 1.D. On December 26.BYou know that old saying that laughter is the best medicine. Well, studies have long shown that laughter can have a positive effect both physically and emotionally. In South Korea, a nation more used to holding back its emotions, at least one hospital is encouraging patients to let loose on their regular basis.Laughing, for those cancer patients and their families, is a weekly exercise at Seoul National University hospital. It is something that does not come easy for them, but an hour of laughter therapy (疗法）is all it takes to fight depression that often follows chemical treatment. Lim Song Li, a therapist at the hospital, was once a depression patient herself. She now is a laughter therapist and says when you laugh, blood vessels expand,and sugar levels drop, producing an abundance of hormones (激素）linked with happiness and pleasure. But in Korean culture,where Confucian tradition dominates(主导）social behavior,laughing is not a nature thing. Korean men are taught not to cry more than three times in their lifetime. And the sound of a Korean woman's laughter should not be heard outside the fence of her home. But inside this hospital,they are letting it out. By the end of the session, they make belief laughs somehow become their own.If laughing requires effort,more natural to Koreans, it is singing. The sing-song star therapist, famous for her therapy sessions to fight housewife depression,Jeong Ji Song says singing is an easier way to express inner feelings,especially for Korean women brought up in the conservative background. For some,these classes can be a stress-management tool,but for many more who suffer from depression, learning to sing out their heart can be a healing process.It not only helped Ying Seung Woo come out of severe depression, but also presented her with a new career. After taking up singing therapy, she found a talent in herself-cheer-leading. And now she is taking courses to become a certified therapist.24.The author mentions South Korea to show.A．there are few people suffering from depression in South KoreaB．laughter has a positive influence on Korean women' s healthC．people in South Korea are used to expressing their inner feelingsD．people in South Korea have attempted to use laughter therapy25. Why does the hospital encourage patients to laugh?A. Laughter can help ease patients' pain.ughing can help patients fight depression.C. Laughter is a natural thing in the Korean society.D. Laughing is not allowed in the Korean tradition.26. What does the underlined word “healing” in paragraph 3 mean?A．Curing. B．Controlling. C．Suffering. D．Fighting.CAs doctors and nurses struggle for medical supplies to fight coronavirus pandemic,help is coming from an unlikely place﹣high school students. The Careen Technical Education Charter High Scholl（CTEC）,US,has been using its nine 3D printers to make face masks for healthcare workers on the frontline.Face masks have been particularly challenging to find across the US since the outbreak Valerie Castro,16, a CTEC student,is part of a team of teachers and students who came up with improvement that cut almost 30 minutes off the time it takes to build a face mask."That's what makes this school kind of different. " Gavin Newsom, Governor of the State of California, said. "Even though all these bad things are happening，we're able to make an impact positively. It's like leaving your little mark on the world. " Makerbot，a New York﹣based company that makes 3D printers, has also helped CTEC to maximize the building process. They've been churning out nearly 100 masks each day, and that production rate is set to be three times as 20 more 3D printers come online at the school.CTEC staff and students have provided masks to hospitals, dentists, urgent care centers and retirement homes in Fresno County and the surrounding areas in California. "I was shocked," Stacy V ohra told school staff in video. "We were so thrilled to have the donation from CTEC. This is something that we've been needing. ""The entire staff has switched from daily teaching to face mask production，" said Jonathan Delano, director of CTEC. "When the new 3D printers arrive, some of them will go to students' houses so kids can help with the hands ﹣on process. ""That's how we get through these things, " Delano said. "Our high school focuses on giving back to society. Students should know the skills they hold can have an impact on a community. "27．What can we learn from the passage?A. High School students are expected to help make face masks in the U. S.B. Valeria alone helps speed up the production of 3D face masks in CTEC.C. The act of the students in CTEC is highly thought of by Gavin.D. Makerbot helps CTEC to build a factory for making 3D face masks.28．What does the underlined phrase "churning out" in Paragraph 3 mean?A. producing massiveB. selling quicklyC. importing legallyD. exchanging equally29．How do people feel to receive the donation from CTEC?A. Shocked and embarrassed.B. Astonished and excited.C. Disappointed and frustrated.D. Inspired and joyful.30．What's the main idea of this passage?A. Teenagers helped design face masks.B. 3D printing technology was used to produce face masks.C．A high school made donations to fight the pandemic.D. A high school made contributions by producing 3D face masks.三、七选五If you’re tired of freestyle walking programs, you may be interested in leaming how to racewalk. Or you want to pick up speed. Or maybe you have a desire for competition. 31．, racewalking is a good choice for you.As you begin to racewalk, it is important to concentrate more on movement than on speed. Speed will come later, as you master the movement skills of racewalking. And you can begin to increase your speed once you feel comfortable with the actions of racewalking. Be sure, however, to increase your speed gradually. 32．.Racewalking can increase your walking exercise. You can experience this in person. Try walking as fast as you can, and youll feel your body eager to jog. 33．, you have to keep one foot on the ground at all times. While you are jogging, both feet are off the ground at some point, which allows you to cover more distance with one step. So in order to cover the same distance, you have to take more steps than you would if you were jogging.34．. Before you begin exercising, you need to warm up your body and relax your muscles (肌肉). 35．. It is necessary to cool down in the end. If you ignore these steps, you may suffer muscle pain and even injury.A．No matter what the reason isB．In order to walk at high speedsC．The same is true after each exerciseD．Always keep safety in mind when racewalkingE.In order to continue walking and not to break into a jogF.Don’t push too hard or walk to the point of being tired outG.It is more efficient to warm up your body before exercise四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
02 浙江卷 阅读B篇24-26题：阅读理解说明文-备战2021年高考英语(解析版)
题号押题2浙江卷B篇第24—26题：阅读理解说明文〖真题回顾〗Passage1 2018.11浙江卷阅读理解B篇第24-26题This month millions of American kids can forget about classroom bells and set off for grandparents’ homes, sleep-away camps and life guard stands. But summer vacation hasn’t always been a birth right of U.S. school children. Before the Civil War, schools operated on one of two calendars(日历), neither of which included a summer vacation. Rural(农村的) schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons. Urban students, meanwhile, regularly had as many as 48 weeks of study a year, with one break per quarter.In the 1840s, however, educational reformers like Horace Mann moved to combine the two calendars out of concern that rural schooling was not enough and that overusing of young minds could lead to nervous disorders. Summer appeared as the obvious time for a break：it offered a rest for teachers, fit in the farming calendar and reduced doctors’ concern that packing students into hot classrooms would promote the spread of disease.But people’s opinion about the modern U.S. school year, which averages 180 days, is still divided. Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graduation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in 2007. Others insist that with children under increasing pressure to devote their downtime to internships(实习) or study, there’s still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood.24. What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow children to do?A. Enjoy a summer vacation.B. Take a break each quarter.C. Have 48 weeks of study a year.D. Assist their parents with farm work.25. What did the educational reformers do in the 1840s?A. They introduced summer vacation.B. They shortened rural school terms.C. They promoted the study of farming.D. They advocated higher pay for teachers.26. Why are some people unhappy about the modern U.S. school year?A. It pushes the teachers too hard.B. It reduces the quality of education.C. It ignores science instruction.D. It includes no time for internships.【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B【解析】本文是说明文，根据内容可以纳入创新与变化话题。
说明文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练(含答案)
说明文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Medical artificial intelligence (AI) can perform with expert-level accuracy and deliver cost- effective care. IBM's Watson diagnoses (诊断) heart disease better than cardiologists (心脏病专家) do. Chatbots give better medical advice to patients in place of nurses. Some forecast that medical AI will enter 90% of hospitals and replace as much as 80% of what doctors currently do. Yet, as our recent research suggests, patients show a strong resistance to medical AI.The reason, we found, is not the belief that AI provides lower care. Nor is it that patients think that AI is more costly or less informative. Rather, resistance to medical AI seems to come from a belief that AI does not take into account one's specific circumstances. People view themselves as unique. By contrast, they think medical care delivered by AI providers is suited to treat an average patient but unsuitable to account for the unique circumstances that apply to an individual. No wonder that medical AI providers are given a cold welcome.There are a number of steps that care providers can take to overcome patients' resistance to medical AI. For example, if an AI provider is capable of tailoring its recommendation for whether to have a surgery to each patient's unique characteristics and medical history, patients would be likely to follow the treatment recommendations of the AI provider. In addition, health care providers could also deliver individualized health care by explaining how the algorithms (算法) work and sharing patients' reviews with the media. Having a physician confirm the recommendation of an AI provider should make people more willing to accept AI-based care. People are comfortable using medical AI if a physician remains in charge of the ultimate decision.AI-based health care technologies are being developed and employed at an impressivethem will require that we first overcome patients' doubt of having an algorithm, rather than a person making decisions about their care.1．What made people resist the medical AI?A. A sufferer's temper ignored by medical AI.B. People's lasting trust in a human doctor's ability.C. The concern about its personalization in treatment.D. The accuracy of the information from medical AI.2．What can be a solution to patients' resistance according to the author?A. Treating sufferers as average patients.B. Providing a more specific treatment.C. Getting the algorithms prioritized in time.D. Keeping away from the influence of a physician.3．Which word can replace the underlined word "harnessing" in the last paragraph?A. Weakening.B. Storing.C. Destroying.D. Using.4．What is the suitable title for the text?A. Advantages of Medical AIB. Potential Application of AIC. How AI Replaces Nurses in HealthcareD. The Challenge That Medical AI FacesWith nearly a quarter of global greenhouse gas coming from all types of transportation, can we keep ourselves off gas-powered vehicles to avoid the worst effects? As more governments push for urgent action on climate change, quite a few companies are betting their future—that millions of consumers are finally ready for electric-powered vehicles. Modern battery-powered cars are selling fast and zero-emission(排放) planes are coming. These changes, both leading to a more sustainable future, are reinventing how we get from here to there.Cars and trucks have undergone their greatest improvement since the automobile's existence more than a century ago. Almost overnight, the era of the electric car has arrived. Electricity has the advantage that it works without smell and with less noise. Global annual sales of electric vehicles are expected to soar from just over 3 million today to 14 million by2025. Just a month after Ford unveiled an electric version of the popular F-150, customers had reserved more than 100,000 of them. The price is about $10,000 above the gas-powered one, but Ford says the electric model will cost much less to maintain. Everything creating a green revolution on the ground is of limited help in the sky for the time being.High-storage batteries are useless at present when it comes to the technological challenge of launching a few hundred people into the sky and carrying them thousands of miles. No battery yet invented can power, say, a Boeing 747 from New York to London. Promising improvements, however, do add up. Developments with zero-emission, battery-powered electric engines are already happening in commercial flights, involving trips of limited duration and distance. Airlines specializing in short journeys with small planes will lead theway to electric flights.Our planet's health depends on zeroing out carbon dioxide emissions by 2050, and yet, by the timetable needed to address the climate challenge, the shift away from gas-powered vehicles remains far too slow. Nevertheless, the train has left the station. Someday, electric-powered transportation will be as common5．Why are many companies switching to electric-powered vehicles?A.To reinvent the way we travel.B.To cut the costs of car production.C.To improve the quality of products.D.To pursue sustainable development.6．What do we know about the electric car?A.It came into use a century ago.B.It enjoys increasing popularity.C.It sells better than the traditional one.D.It costs less than the gas-powered one. 7．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?A.To show the disadvantages of battery power.B.To emphasize the significance of short flights.C.To state the developments of commercial flights.D.To stress the future prospects of electric planes.8．What does the author mean by saying "the train has left the station"?A.Train transportation has improved.B.Green transportation is on its way.C.The electric train is running regularly.D.The gas-powered train has become the past.Technology has revolutionized (使革命化) the way we work in many ways. One of the most significant changes has been the shift towards remote and flexible work. With the rise of internet and cloud-based software, workers are no longer tied to a physical office and can work from anywhere with an internet connection. This has allowed for greater flexibility and work-life balance, as well as reduced commuting (通勤) time and costs.Another major change is the increasing use of automation and artificial intelligence in the workplace. This has the potential to increase efficiency and productivity, as well as reduce the need for certain types of work. However, it also raises concerns about job displacement and the need for workers to adapt to new technologies.Finally, technology has greatly expanded the types of jobs available. With the rise of the gig (临时工) economy and freelance (自由职业者) work, workers can now find opportunities in areas such as graphic design (平面设计), copywriting (文案撰写), and socialmedia management. This has created opportunities for individuals to work in areas that were previously inaccessible or did not exist.9．What is the shift in the way we work brought about by technology?A. Flexible and remote work.B. Tying people to a physical office.C. Increased commuting and travel.D. Higher costs and lower productivity. 10．What is the impact of internet and cloud-based software on the way we work?A. It has reduced work-life balance.B. It has increased commuting time and costs.C. It has allowed for greater flexibility and work-life balance.D. It has caused job displacement.11．What are the potential benefits of automation and AI in the workplace?A. Increased job displacement.B. Reduced efficiency and productivity.C. Increased efficiency and productivity.D. Increased commuting and travel.12．What has technology allowed for in terms of job availability?A. Technology has decreased the number of available jobs.B. Technology has created opportunities for individuals to work in areas that were previously inaccessible or did not exist.C. Technology has only impacted traditional office jobs.D. Technology has increased commuting time and costs.Penguins are survivors. Modern species of the adorable birds resist freezing temperatures or dive deep in swift currents. In fact, penguins have been doing their adorable thing for millions of years. Prehistoric penguin species date back to the days of the dinosaurs. A team of researchers in New Zealand have discovered one more member of the ancient family, a tiny and distinctly precious species newly known as Eudyptula wilsonae. Its name, which comes from a New Zealand respected seabird researcher Kerry-Jayne Wilson MNZM, means Wilson's little penguin. Explaining in their recent paper, the researchers detail how the examination of small fossilized skulls(颅骨) led to the classification of this cute creature who lived 50 million years ago.Two fossils were discovered on New Zealand's North Island. Only the skulls are still in existence, and they are slightly narrower than those of modern little penguins which currently frolic(嬉戏) along the island's coasts. From the one young and one adult skull, the researchers determined it was a new species. They likely stood just about a foot tall and weighed2 pounds, much like the modern penguins. In fact, the new species may bea late Pliocene ancestor of the modern birds."This is important when thinking about the origins of these penguins, the evolution of the seabird diversity of New Zealand and the dynamic environment in which they live," co-author Daniel Thomas said in a statement. "For one thing, the climate has changed a lot over this time, and this lineage has been robust(强健的) to those changes." In fact, recent warming has resulted in new challenges for modern little penguins-many starved to death in 2022 as fish moved to cooler waters beyond the diving abilities of the penguins.Ancient penguins' ability to survive when temperatures were warmer in their own time might have modern applications. As cute as these fossilized small penguins are, the modern variety needs humans to look beyond their sweet nature to recognize the complexity of their survival.13．What is Eudyptula wilsonae's name related to?A. A site.B. A shape.C. A person.D. Penguin's appearance.14．What is the feature of the new species?A. They look like modern birds.B.They enjoyed playing by the coasts.C. They share similar heights to modern penguins.D. They are heavier than modern penguins.15．What can be inferred from the third paragraph?A. Thomas attached insufficient importance to the finding.B. The living environment of penguins is worsening.C. The changing climate has little effect on penguins.D. Many fish died due to changes in water temperature.16．Where is the text most likely from?A. An essay from a scientific magazine.B. An introduction to a book.C.A guidebook to biology research.D. A review of penguins' evolution.“Pale Moon rains. Red Moon blows. White Moon neither rains nor snows.” For generations, people have watched the Moon for signs of changes in the weather. The Moon does, in fact, affect the Earth’s climate and weather patterns in different ways.The most obvious effect the Moon has on the Earth can be seen in the ocean tides. A world without tides would have very different weather systems. Tides are one factor that influences the movement of ocean currents, which move warm or cool water around the Earth. Thus, the water temperature changes. Warm ocean currents bring warmer and wetter weather,while cold ocean currents bring colder and drier weather.the amount of Arctic ice. Tidal forces (潮汐力) act to break up ice sheets and change ocean heat flows, changing the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean. Satellite measurements have shown that the poles are 0.55℃ warmer during a full Moon.The Moon’s influence, sometimes slight and sometimes strong, has had an important impact on life on Earth. Some scientists argue that it is the Moon that made life possible in the first place. The Moon makes the Earth move steadily as it is spinning (自转), helping to give us a steady climate. Without it, the Earth would lose balance. The Moon is our closest friend, without which the Earth would be a very lonely place.17．Why do people watch the Moon according to Paragraph 1?A. To appreciate the moon.B. To record weather patterns.C. To prepare for extreme weather.D. To observe signs of weather changes 18．What impact does the Moon have on the Earth?A. It influences water temperatureB. It makes weather hard to predictC. It turns the earth colder and drier.D. It changes the size of ocean currents. 19．What does the underlined word “fluctuations” mean?A. Change.B. Increase.C. Flow.D. Measurement. 20．What is the best title for the passage?A. Changes of Ocean Heat Flows.B. Patterns of the Earth’s Climate.C. Causes of Changes in Polar Weather.D. Effects of the Moon on Global Weather Osa is an athletic yet stubborn 62-pound German shepherd. The six-year-old dog has mastered the art of sniffing(嗅,闻) out cancer and is key to a research project that has the potential to change oncology(肿瘤学).Osa is part of an ambitious effort launched five years ago at the University of Pennsylvania that aims to develop one of the most powerful scent-detection(气味探测) machines in the world: the canine nose. She is able to distinguish between blood samples (样本) taken from cancer patients and healthy people simply by sniffing them.In fact, Osa is one of five cancer-detection dogs trained by Annemarie DeAngelo and her workmates at the university’s Penn Vet Working Dog Centre. The most important goal is to develop an “electronic sniffer” that can have similar cancer-sniffing superpowers of Osa and her pals. Osa arrived at the Penn Vet Working Dog Centre from a breeder at two months ofage. Ever since, she has taken training. The process is demanding, challenging and repeated until the dog has mastered the most basic task of all. Finally, she has succeeded in sniffing out cancer. To change Osa’s outstanding abilities into an electronic nose, researchers use a similar way to train the machine.An electronic nose prototype(原型,模型) has been built, and it’s successful in sniffing out cancer 90 to 95 percent of the time. That team has also correctly detected different types of cancer, and is building a cancer-detecting device for the National Institutes of Health. One aim is to be able to distinguish between early-stage and late-stage cancer. “It would be amazing to ide ntify people at an early stage and really have an effect on saving lives,” says a researcher. “The dogs have been able to detect that. With that ability, a blood test could be sent to a central lab, or ideally performed in a doctor’s office, making some hi dden cancers a thing of the past. We expect that the cancer-sniffer device will be completed soon. 21．What can we learn about Osa from the first two paragraphs?A. She uses nose to detect the presence of cancer.B. She can change the course of the oncology.C. She was too stubborn to join the research.D. She used to be an athletic German shepherd.22．Which of the following best describes the training according to Paragraph 3?A. Purposeful.B. Boring.C. Strict.D. Endless.23．What can we infer from t he researcher’s words?A. Distinguishing cancers is important in early experiments.B. Blood tests will be more difficult in the future.C. There will be more dogs tested for detecting cancer.D. The hidden cancers may be detected by an electronic nose soon.24．What is the text mainly about?A. The result of a study on dogs’ life.B. The role of dogs in detecting cancers.C. The importance of having a blood test.D. The ways to distinguish cancers.参考答案1．答案：C解析：细节理解题。
十年高考英语真题分项详解(浙江专用)学生版 专题02 阅读理解说明文
十年（2012-2021）高考英语真题分项详解（浙江专用）阅读理解·说明文1.（2021年6月，浙江高考）If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new studyResearchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images（图像）of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the doge simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.”"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions," Muller told Line Science.At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.28. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.A. distinguish shapesB. make sense of human facesC. feel happy or angryD. communicate with each other29. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.C. Pictures used in the two stages were differentD. The dogs were photographed before the lest.30. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. A suggestion for future studies.B. A possible reason for the study findings.C. A major limitation of the studyD. An explanation of the research method.2.（2021年1月，浙江高考）Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees （黑猩猩）use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda，and examining more than 5，000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.Dr Catherine Hobaiter，who led the research，said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps，she said，had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member."That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures，" she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human language in that respect. "Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal's call，the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures，Dr Hobaiter said.Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case，a mother presents her foot to her crying baby，signaling："Climb on me. " The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species （物种）out there. that is meaningful in its communication，so that's not unique to humans，" said Dr Hobaiter.Dr Susanne Shultz，an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester，said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But，she added，the results were "a little disappointing"."The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little tocommunicate，or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions，" she said. "Moreover，the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non﹣verbal communication. So，it seems the gulf remains. "27．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter？A. Memorizing specific words.B. Understanding complex information.C. Using voices to communicate.D. Communicating messages on purpose.28．What did Dr Shultz think of the study？A. It was well designed but poorly conducted.B. It was a good try but the findings were limited.C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.29．What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean？A. Difference.B. Conflict.C. Balance.D. Connection.30．Which of the following is the best title for the text？A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthroughB. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skillsC. Chimpanzees：the smartest species in the animal kingdomD. Chimpanzee language：communication gestures translated3.（2020年7月，浙江高考）I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright(剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinkingabout the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the versatility(多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience. The houselights dim(变暗). The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.1.What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?A.He has written dozens of plays.B.He has a deep love for the theater.C.He is a professional stage actor.D.He likes reading short plays to others.2.What does the author avoid doing in his work?A.Stating the plays’ central ideas.B.Selecting works by famous playwrights.C.Including various types of plays.D.Offering information on the playwrights.3.What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?A.Control their feelings.B.Apply their acting skills.e their imagination.D.Keep their audience in mind.4.What is this text?A.A short story.B.An introduction to a book.C.A play review.D.An advertisement for a theater.4.（2020年7月，浙江高考）The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declinesin both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities,” he says.In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.5.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Increased length of green lights.B.Shortened traffic signal cycle.C.Flexible timing of traffic signals.D.Smooth traffic flow on the road.6.What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?A.They work better on broad roads.B.They should be used in other cities.C.They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.D.They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.7.What can we learn from Bellevue’s success?A.It is rewarding to try new things.B.The old methods still work today.C.I pays to put theory into practice.D.The simplest way is the best way.5.（2020年7月，浙江高考）Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group tocome back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.“This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ”Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.8.Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?A.To assess their health status.B.To evaluate their work habits.C.To analyze their personality.D.To measure their mental ability.9.How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?A.By using an expert’s words.B.By making a comparison.C.By referring to another study.D.By introducing a concept.10.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Retired Workers Can Pick Up New SkillsB.Old People Should Take Challenging JobsC.Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You SharpD.Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age6.（2020年1月，浙江高考）Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free – by spreading on them cheese brine, the salty liquid used to make soft cheese, like mozzarella.Wisconsin, also called "America's Dairyland," is famous for its cheese. The state produced 2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year! a result, there was a lot of leftover cheesebrine. Disposing of(处置)the brine can be expensive. So what should cheese makers do with the waste?Normally, towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers waters' freezing point, causing ice to melt(融化). But using cheese brine could help both cheese producers and cities save money, while keeping roads safe. Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water's freezing point.In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more environment-friendly option. Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.Rock salt is made of sodium chloride, the sane con-pound (化合物)in ordinary table salt. Sounds harmless, right? But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on U.S. Roads every year!The chemical washes off roads and goes into the ground. There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants. and eat away soil. By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use by 30 percent.Cheese brine has a downside too – a shell similar to that of bad milk. "I don't really mind it," Emil Norby told Modern Farmer magazine. He works for one of Wisconsin's county highway commissions and came up with the idea of using cheese brine. "Our roads smell like Wisconsin!" he said.11.Why can cheese brine help keep winter roads ice-free?A.It is soft.B.It contains salt.C.It is warm.D.It has milk in it.12.What is a benefit of using cheese urine on roads?A.Improving air quality.B.Increasing sales of rock salt.C.Reducing water pollution.D.Saving the cheese industry.waukee's new way to de-ice streets may be an example of_______________.A.barking up the wrong treeB.putting the cart before the horseC.robbing Peter to pay PaulD.killing two birds with one stone7.（2020年1月，浙江高考）Today's world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. Key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American families over several years. And over time，the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school."There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers，"Padilla-Walker said. "This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence-which can be taught-are key to a child's life success.”Researchers determined that dads need to practice an "authoritative" parenting style. Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian:rigid，demanding or controlling. Rather，an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics:children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy(自主权).In the study，about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key finding is that over time，children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence，which leads to better outcomes in school.This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research.14.What is special about the BYU professors' study?A.It centered on fathers' role in parenting.B.It was based on a number of large families.C.It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles.D.It aimed to improve kids' achievement in school.15.What would an authoritative father do when raising his children?A.Ignore their demands.B.Make decisions for them.C.Control their behaviors.D.Explain the rules to them.16.Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers?A.Single parents.B.Children aged from 11 to 14.C.Authoritarian fathers.D.Mothers in two-parent homes.17.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers.B.Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future.C.Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father.D.Family Relationship Influences School Performance.8.（2019年6月，浙江高考）California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.18.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B.The increasing variety of California big trees.C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.19.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A.Ecological studies of forests.B.Banning woodcutting.C.Limiting housing development.D.Fire control measures.20.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?A.Inadequate snowmelt.B.A longer dry season.C.A warmer climate.D.Dampness of the air.21.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonC.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D.Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California9.（2018年11月，浙江高考）The most welcome sight on a cold, wet winter night in London is the familiar shape of a London taxi cab approaching with its yellow “for hire” sign shining brightly. That shows it is ready to pick you up. Travelling by taxi in London is not just a way of going from one place to another. It is an experience to be enjoyed and remembered.The main reason for this is the drivers, who are called "cabbies." Many of them are true Cockneys. This means they were born in the heart of London and speak their own special dialect(方言) of English. All of them know every street and famous building in the city, and all of them love to talk. A simple twenty-minute Journey across town can become very interesting. You may have a discussion about the government and its leaders or a friendly talk about the driver’s Aunty Nellie! One thing is for sure, it will never be boring. Cabbies know all the latest news about film stars, the Royal Family, government leaders, and popular singers or actors and actresses.They also know the best places to eat, shop and relax. And they can take you straight to any large hotel, department store, theatre or museum. They know the shortest way possible without even looking at a map, because everyone who wants to become a taxi driver must pass a very difficult examination in order to get a license to drive a taxi. The exam is called “The Knowledge.” It is a written test, and in it drivers are asked the shortest way from one place to another. They must take into account the time of day—in rush hour, a longer route(路线) may be quicker—and describe the best way. Moreover they must never forget theone-way streets!22.From what can we tell that someone is a Cockney?A.Their interest.B.Their manners.C.Their speech.D.Their appearance.23.What does the author suggest by mentioning "Aunty Nellie" in paragraph 2?A.Passengers are full of curiosity.B.Cabbies’ topics are wide-ranging.C.Aunty Nellie is popular in London.D.Londoners are friendly to each other.24.What is the purpose of "The Knowledge"?A.To qualify one to drive a taxi.B.To assess one’s driving skills.C.To test drivers’ ability to write.D.To check taxi drivers memory.10.（2018年11月，浙江高考）This month millions of American kids can forget about classroom bells and set off for grandparents’ homes, sleep-away camps and life guard stands. But summer vacation hasn’t always been a birth right of U.S. school children. Before the Civil War, schools operated on one of two calendars(日历), neither of which included a summer vacation. Rural(农村的) schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons. Urban students, meanwhile, regularly had as many as 48 weeks of study a year, with one break per quarter.In the 1840s, however, educational reformers like Horace Mann moved to combine the two calendars out of concern that rural schooling was not enough and that overusing of young minds could lead to nervous disorders. Summer appeared as the obvious time for a break：it offered a rest for teachers, fit in the farming calendar and reduced doctors’ concern that packing students into hot classrooms would promote the spread of disease.But people’s opinion about the modern U.S. school year, which averages 180 days, is still divided. Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graduation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in 2007. Others insist that with children under increasing pressure to devote their downtime to internships(实习) or study, there’s still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood.25.What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow children to do?A.Enjoy a summer vacation.B.Take a break each quarter.C.Have 48 weeks of study a year.D.Assist their parents with farm work.26.What did the educational reformers do in the 1840s?A.They introduced summer vacation.B.They shortened rural school terms.C.They promoted the study of farming.D.They advocated higher pay for teachers.27.Why are some people unhappy about the modern U.S. school year?A.It pushes the teachers too hard.B.It reduces the quality of education.C.It ignores science instruction.D.It includes no time for internships.11.（2018年6月，浙江高考）Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers’ argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists don’t dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will bebanned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.28.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.29.What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Bans on plastic bags.B.Effects of city development.C.Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.30.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A.They are quite expensive.B.Replacing them can be difficult.C.They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.31.What is the best title for the text?A.Plastic, Paper or NeitherB.Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC.Recycle or Throw AwayD.Garbage Collection and Waste Control12.（2016年6月，浙江高考）A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.After all,the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is,well, just playing…right?Perhaps,but some developmental psychologists have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls in the ground—and, in the process, it belongs out important evidence about how physical objects interact; bowls of rice do not flood in mid-sit, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of。
2021届新高考英语最新模拟汇编专题02 阅读理解之说明文二 解析版
2021届新高考数学备考艺考生百日冲刺专题02 阅读理解之说明文（二）一、（湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2021届高三期中）“A CAREER BOOK about Asians? Aren’t they doing fine…?” So begins Breaking the Bamboo Ceiling, a very large scholarly book by Jane Hyun published in 2005. Because Asian-Americans had higher incomes and education levels and committed fewer crimes than their average countrymen, they were seen as a model minority. Despite this, they rarely rose to the top of companies. A mix of individual, cultural and organizational barriers —the “bamboo ceili ng” of the book’s title — seemed to prohibit them from rising.Fifteen years later Asians are still under-represented. In the technology sectors, Asians make up over 30% of the workers but less than 15% of bosses. In 2017 Asians made up roughly 6% of the c ountry’s population but only 3% of the bosses of S&P 500 (标准普尔500 指数) firms.Some prominent Asians run big companies. Arvind Krishna is IBM’s new boss. Satya Nadella runs Microsoft and Sundar Pichai leads Alphabet. But few other Asians have joined their ranks — and, revealingly, these stars all have Indian roots. There are fewer South Asians in America than East Asians, but they still made up 13 of all 16 Asian S&P 500 CEOs.Why are there so few Asians among America’s business elite? And if a bamboo ceilin g is to blame, why do South Asians break through more easily? These questions are the focus of a study by Jackson Lu of MIT Sloan School of Management and colleagues, who surveyed hundreds of senior executives and business-school students. They found that while discrimination exists, it is not destiny. South Asians endure greater racism than East Asians but still outperform even whites (if success is weighed against share of population). Their research also rules out lack of ambition: a greater share of Asians than whites endeavor for high-status jobs.That leaves culture. The researchers conclude that South Asians tend to be more determined and confident than East Asians in how they communicate at work, which fits Western concepts of how a leader should behave. The same tendency for confident remarks featured in “The Argumentative Indian”, a book by Amartya Sen, a Nobel-prize winning economist. The researchers owe East Asians’ silence to Confucian values of modesty and respect for social ranking. Sometimes bravery and bombast are needed to break bamboo.12．What does “bamboo ceiling” refer to?A．The top of an American technology company.B．A roof made of bamboo typical of Asian buildings.C．Promotion obstacles facing Asian employees in America.D．The invisible discrimination against Asians in the USA．13．What does “under-represented” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Lacking representatives. B．Hard to show their talents.C．Being underestimated. D．Unable to land a job.14．According to Jackson Lu, what mainly accounts for fewer promotions of East Asians than South Asians?A．A small population. B．Discrimination. C．Lack of ambition. D．Culture.15．Why do South Asians succeed in American business more easily?A．Western people prefer modesty to confidence in communication.B．The confidence they demonstrate consists with Western leadership.C．They endure greater racism and become more ambitious.D．Their ambition urges them to endeavor for high-status jobs.【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。
2021高考英语强效提分指南阅读理解不同体裁阅读方法说明文
英语阅读理解不同体裁阅读方法说明文因此，阅读说明文的关键是：抓住事物的特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。
下面具体看看两篇说明文。
〔05 重庆卷 B 段〕Reading is very important to help you learn English. To learn as much as you can from reading, you need to read different kinds of English. This book provides not only different kinds of English but also a good way to check your reading ability.There are four parts in the book:Part 1 is Messages: In this part somebody wants to send information in writing to somebody else.Part 2 is People: In this part all the tests are about people. For example, there is an informal letter between friends. There is formal (正式的) English in biography (传记) . There is a job application as a model to help with your writing, as well as testing your reading.You can do these tests in any order you like, or you can do all the tests with a formal or informal text.I enjoyed writing this book and I hope you enjoy using it.解析：这篇文章使用浅显平实的语言详细介绍了这本书的4个局部的内容。
2021届高考英语阅读理解说明性议论性专练(附答案解析)
（创新+拓展设计）最新原创之高中英语阅读理解说明性议论性专练（适用2021届高考）Passage 1Do you want to travel this fall? Take a look at Thailand’s famous light festivals. These festivals (called Yi Peng and Loi Krathong) are held in November. Yi Peng is a lantern festival, and Loi Krathong is a water festival. Their dates are based on the lunar calendar, so they change every year. This year they will be held on November2nd, 3rd, and 4th. There will be street food, fireworks, traditional dance shows, and parades.“Loi” means float, and a “krathong” is a tiny boat. It is made of banana trees and decorated with banana leaves, flowers, and candles. On the night of the full moon, families put their krathongs in the river, which will take away their worries. You can buy a krathong near the river. Then, light the candle by the river, hold it with your family or friends, make a wish, and let it go.For Yi Peng, houses and stores are decorated with colorful lanterns and flags. At night, white paper lanternsare sent into the sky to get rid of bad luck. It is said that if you make a wish when you release your lantern it will come true, but only if you do good things. There are two big releases when the lanterns are set off all together. Oneis free at Mae Jo University, but you need to arrive early. The other is for tourists and it’s not on the full moon (check in October for the final date). A ticket costs about＄100 USD, and you must buy a ticket earlier.You can also release a tiny boat and a lantern at any time near the river. When you’re ready, don’t forget to make a wish! Are you ready to travel this fall in Thailand?1.What can we know about Thailand’s light festivals?A.They cost about＄100 USD.B.They are always held in December.C.They take away people’s bad luck or worries.D.They are decorated with colorful lanterns and flowers.2.What do people usually do during Loi Krathong?A.Buy tiny ships and pray.B.Release lanterns and enjoy.C.Dance and decorate houses.D.Eat food and enjoy the moon.3.Where is Yi Peng celebrated?A.On a farm.B. In a school.C. In the fields.D. Over the river.4.What is the text mainly about?A. The origin of Thailand’s light festivals.B. The benefits of Thailand’s light festivals.C. The popularity of Thailand’s light festivals.D. The introduction of Thailand’s light festivals.Passage 2Helping others is not only good for them and a good thing to do. It also makes us happier and healthier too. Giving also connects us to others, creating stronger communities and helping to build a happier society for everyone. So if you want to feel good, do good!Doing things for others—whether small, unplanned acts or regular volunteering—is a powerful way to increase our own happiness as well of those around us. The people we help may be strangers, family, friends, colleagues or neighbors. They can be old or young, nearby or far away.Giving isn’t just about money, so you don’t need to be rich. Giving to others can be as simple as a single kind word, smile or a thoughtful gesture. It can include giving time, energy, care, skills, thought or attention. Sometimes these mean as much, if not more, than financial gifts.Scientific studies show that helping others boosts happiness. It increases life satisfaction, provides a sense of meaning, increases feelings of ability, improves our mood and reduces stress. It can help to take our minds off our own troubles too.Kindness towards others is the glue which connects individual happiness with wider community and social well-being. Giving to others helps us connect with people and meets one of our basic human needs—relatedness.Kindness seems to be contagious. When we see someone do something kind or thoughtful, or we are on the receiving end of kindness, it inspires us to be kinder ourselves. In this way, kindness spreads from one person to the next, influencing the behaviour of people who never saw the original act. Kindness really is the key to creating a happier, more trusting local community.1.Why can giving help to build a happier society?A.It can connect us to others.B.It can make us rich.C.It can bring confidence.D.It makes us healthy.2. What can we infer from Paragraph 4?A. We feel no stress by helping others.B. We feel more content with life by helping others.C. Helping others removes a sense of meaning.D. Helping others makes our trouble disappear forever.3. What is more important to build a better local community?A. Happiness.B. Health.C. Kindness.D. Wealth.4. What’s the main idea of the text?A. Helping others is good for ourselves.B. Helping others matters.C. We should learn to give.D. Kindness is a good virtue.Passage 3Beijing was once a city of bikes, known as the Bicycle Kingdom for the millions of two-wheelers that dominated (支配) urban transport. Decades of remarkable economic growth, beginning in the 1990s, led to a huge flood of cars in cities like Beijing. And as the economy developed, autos pushed bikes off the roads, creating heavy pollution and miserable traffic. Now, Beijing may be returning to its roots with a modern twist. Thanks to about two dozen technology start-ups, brightly-colored shared bikes have flooded Beijing since last year, dotting a normally dull cityscape with flashes of bumblebee yellow, kingfisher blue and tangerine.Costing as little as 7 cents per half-hour and designed to take people the last leg from public transport to their places of work or entertainment, the bikes have the potential to transform urban living and even shape people’s decisions about where to live and work. Those are vital issues in this area of about 20 million people, many of whom spend hours a day commuting (通勤)．Riding the bikes requires only a few taps on a smartphone. Customers download one of thestart-ups apps,electronically transfer a deposit and then pay per ride by using a bike’s individual code. Bikes that rely on mobile technology feel right at home in a place like Beijing, where even elderly people are often early adapters of technology. Some companies offer booking services and even GPS to enable riders to find the nearest pair of wheels. If a rider finds one, he or she can pick up the bike and then ride and drop it off anywhere he or she likes, locking the back wheel, with no need to find a stand or retie it, in contrast to city bike programs in Paris or New York.1.What’s the author’s purpose in writi ng Paragraph 1?A. To talk about Beijing’s rapid development.B. To introduce several technology start-ups.C. To express his opinions about shared bikes.D. To tell us Beijing’s returning to cycling past.2. The underlined words in Paragraph 1 refer to ________.A. colors of bikesB. names of citiesC. brands of carsD. sights of Beijing3. How much will you pay if you ride a shared bike for one hour and a half?A. 7 cents.B. 14 cents.C. 21 cents.D. 28 cents.4. What is a must if you want to use a shared bike?A. Enough cash.B. A smartphone.C. High technology.D. GPS receiver.Passage 4First-time shoppers at Seattle-based Amazon Go may feel as though they were stealing. That’s because the 1,800 square-foot grocery store, which opened its doors to the public on January 22, has no cashiers or even checkout counters. Instead, as the name indicates, customers merely grab what they need and go! But before you start celebrating, the goods are not free—the cost of the purchase(s) is/are calculated ele ctronically using “Just Walk Out” technology.The process is simple. Upon entering the store, shoppers “sign-in” by scanning their smart phones. Every item selected gets added to the bill automatically. If the customer changes his mind, all he has to do is return the purchase to the shelf, and it will be removed from the final bill. Though consumers will not find everything they need, they will be able to buy basics like bread, milk, and drinks. There are also numerous ready-to-eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner choices made by chefs in the on-site kitchen. Those that prefer to cook at home can select from the wide variety of Amazon Meal Packages.Once the customer exits the store, the system processes the purchases and charges the cost to their Amazon account. Within seconds, the customer is notified of the deal with a digital receipt that lists each item bought, as well as the time spent in the store. The accurate tracking is possible thanks to multiplesmart cameras that monitor everything the shopper is doi ng. Kumar explains, “Cameras figure out which interactions (互动) you have with the shelves. Computer vision figures out which items are taken. Machine-learning also determines which item it is.” The company insists that the system is so accurate that shoplifting (冒充顾客在商店偷盗) is impossible. And they should know, considering that Amazon employees have been shopping there since 2021!The store has raised some concern about the jobs of the over 3.5 million cashiers in America. However, Amazon officials say they have nothing to worry about because human employees are not being displaced. They are simply assigned other essential tasks, like preparing meals, restocking shelves, assisting customers, and solving technical issues.1. How is Amazon Go different from traditional grocery stores?A. Shoppers have to pay in cash.B. The goods are free of charge.C. Shopping is done by machine.D. Payment can be made automatically.2. What can we learn from the text?A. First-time shoppers in Amazon Go don’t steal.B. You must operate on a smart phone to return unwanted items.C. Jobs of cashiers will still exist in the near future.D. Shop assistants will figure out what you have bought.3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “notified”?A. Informed.B. Reminded.C. Convinced.D. Warned.Passage 5While Black Friday and Cyber Monday help start the holiday shopping season, Giving Tuesday, which will be observed on November 28, attempts to inspire the season of giving. Now in its sixth year, the charitable (慈善的) day uses the power of social media to encourage organizations and individuals to donate funds or resources to worthy causes. Its mission is to bring positive change to communitiesthrough giving.Though devoting just one day to a worthy cause may not seem much, Giving Tuesday makes a surprisingly significant impact. In 2021, ORGANIZE, an online organ ( 器官) donor program asked people to “give with your heart” by becoming registered donors. Thousan ds of Americans listen to the cry for help, resulting in one of the largest digital donor drives in US history.That same year, the Cleveland Library and the Pratt Library in Baltimore competed to see who could encourage more donations. While the Pratt Library won with a $41,000 acquisition, the Cleveland Library was able to raise a fairly large amount for its programs as well. In 2021, the University of Michigan encouraged students and friends to donate to hourly challenges. They raised an amazing $5.5 million! The university hopes to recreate the magic this year, with a virtual celebration to mark the institution’s 200th anniversary.Giving Tuesday is not just a US phenomenon, but a global movement. In 2021, 98 countries participated in the event, raising $177 million, a 44% increase over 2021, when 71 nations collected $116.7 million. These numbers can only increase as the day gains further recognition.Though donating funds is a great way to help, there are numerous other ways to support your local community. You can give back by volunteering at a nearby nonprofit or food bank. Social media experts can do their share by spreading the information and inspiring their colleagues to get involved. Another great way to celebrate Giving Tuesday is by helping thos e closest to you, whether that’s assisting a family member with chores or helping a neighbor with yard work.1.Why is Giving Tuesday started?A. To appeal to people to perform an act of kindness.A.To promote sales of the holiday shopping season.B.To inspire the poor to have a positive view of life.C.To encourage people to donate organs for patients.2.It can be inferred from the text that .A. people donated money actively for the two libraries in BaltimoreB. the University of Michigan thought it challenging to get donationsC. Giving Tuesday hasn’t been universally accepted in the world so farD. the donations to the institution were given for its 200th anniversary3. The author tries to tell the readers in Paragraph 5.A. why we need to volunteer in our local communityB. the person we will celebrate Giving Tuesday together withC. the place we should donate funds to benefit other peopleD. the ways we can give to help those who are in great needPassage 6Post-00s is a documentary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of Millennials’ experiences on their path toward adolescence—their struggles with schoolwork, their relationship with peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents. But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was filmed over a period of 10 years, during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants th rough to when they became teenagers. In other words, the show’s “characters” grow older for real, and their stories are all real.“Coming-of-age” stories, as they’re known, have a special appeal. They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance, we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality. After all, there’s no re-writin g of the script and there’s no turning back—this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood, a 2021 film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. During a period of 12 years, the film follows the life of Mason. Jr—played by US actor Ellar Coltrane—from when he was 6 to when he finished high school.One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its “ordinariness”. Mason Jr isn’t some child genius... He is a quietly spoken, fairly typical American boy, growing up in the Texas suburbs. He likes riding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside, they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary—the power of life itself.1.In the documentary, we see post-00s’ growing experience EXCEPT .A.how they deal with their studiesB.how they help look after brothers or sistersC.how they get along with people of their ageD.how much they long to be independent of their parents2.What do Post-00s and Boyhood have in common?A.They’re intended to win an award for best director.B.The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C.They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’ growth.D.The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.3.Audience are interested in “coming-of-age” stories because ________.A.they can see the truth of lifeB.they know the characters wellC.they are much fond of gossipD.they appreciate stories of daily life4.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A.Post-00s Are Different GeniusesB.Actors Are Ordinary CharactersC.Documentary Is Real LifeD.Life Is One Big StoryPassage 7Smokers may ignore the health warnings by telling themselves their habit makes them look cool. After all, sex symbols James Dean and Humphrey Bogart were rarely seen without a cigarette. However, the latest evidence shows that smoking actually makes you less attractive to the opposite sex. Wrinkles from smoking a cigarette may be to blame for people judging non-smokers to be better-looking.This was the result of a study asking more than 500 people to pick the most attractive of twinswhere one smoked and the other did not. Men found female non-smokers the most attractive in two-thirds of cases, while women chose non-smoking men as the most attractive 68 percent of the time.Professor Ian Penton Voak, a co-author of the study from Bristol University, said, “People assume that smoking causes damage to the skin and appearance, but this is a really neat way of looking at it because these twins are genetically identical, so we can control the genetic factors involved in ageing. Appearance seems to be important to people, especially young people, so we could use these sorts of findings as a basis for future interventions to stop people smoking.”Smoking can speed up the normal ageing, even after only a decade. Nicotine causes narrowing of the blood vessels in the outermost layers of the skin, while the chemicals in tobacco smoke damage collagen and elastin (胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白), which give the skin its elasticity (弹性)．1.Why does the author mention James Dean and Humphrey Bogart?A.To persuade smokers to give up smoking.B.To compare them with non-smokers.C.To tell us many people are influenced by them.D.To show his understanding and comfort smokers.2.What can we learn from Para. 2 and Para. 3?A.500 twins were surveyed for the study.B.Probably young people pay more attention to their appearance.C.Female non-smokers are less attractive than smokers.D.Professor Ian Penton Voak is the leading author of the study.3.What is Professor Ian Penton Voak’s attitude to smoking?A.Disapproving.B.Favorable.C.Unconcerned.D.Cautious.4.What can we know from the text?A.Smokers look cooler than non-smokers.B.Smoking may speed up skin’s ageing.C.Smokers look younger than non-smokers.D.Smoking should be banned right away.Passage 1【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
专练20 说明文体类七选五(解析版)---备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练(新高考)
备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）20说明文体类七选五【命题意图】阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》＂用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。
＂的阅读学习和教学理念。
该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述＂主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
＂可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。
其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。
文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。
【考试方向】分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的＂积句而成章，积章而成篇。
＂就是这个道理。
分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。
语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。
【2021英语二轮复习】阅读理解专题(说明文)
【2021英语二轮复习】阅读理解专题说明文说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。
它通过对实体事物科学地解说，对客观事物作出说明或对抽象事理进行阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等有科学的认识，从而获得有关的知识。
【考情分析】说明文所选材料题材丰富多样，涉及社会、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生态、安全等方面。
说明文在高考阅读理解中的重要性不容忽视。
即便是第一节中的细节理解题，大多数情况下考生也无法从文章中直接找到与选项表述完全一致的信息，而是需要在理解文章细节信息后作出归纳和判断；第二节七选五部分对考生阅读理解能力要求更高，要求考生不仅能理解文章内容，还要能理清篇章和段落的结构与层次，弄清段与段、句与句之间的逻辑关系。
此外，就全国卷而言，通常一套卷中主旨大意、词义猜测、写作意图/观点态度类高难度试题的考查数量为2道左右，说明文考查此类题目的频率较高，且命题点呈多样化。
一、文体特点与阅读策略1. 语言特点：阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况。
说明文因其生僻词汇多、句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大。
2. 结构特点：说明文的特点是客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。
说明文通常采用以下结构形式：总分式。
事物说明文常用“总－分”式、“总－分－总”式和“分－总”式结构，完整的“总－分－总”式说明文先总体概括，再分说，最后再总结。
递进式。
事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理。
并列式。
文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。
对照式。
通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。
不管采用何种方式行文，说明文基本上都会遵循“首段引入所要说明的话题，其他部分采用并列式段落或递进式段落对其进行说明”这一规律。
3. 备考误区（1）阅读方法错误。
比如用手指划着读或者边读边译都会减慢应有的阅读速度。
冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解第二模块 说明文类(解析卷)
冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解第二模块：说明文类Passage 1（2021·江西南昌市·高三一模）A joint research team recently have developed a new electronic skin that is similar to human skin in strength, durability(耐久性) and sensitivity. The skin or e-skin may play an important role in next-generation personalized medicine, soft robotics and artificial intelligence.“The ideal e-skin will mimic(模仿) the many natural functions of human skin, such as sensing temperature and touch, accurately and in real time,” says leading researcher Yichen Cai. However, making suitably flexible electronics that can perform such delicate tasks while also used repeatedly is challenging, and each material involved must be carefully engineered.Most e-skins are made by putting an active sensor on the surface that attaches to human skin. However, the connection between them is often too weak, which reduces the durability and sensitivity of the material; otherwise, if it is too strong, it won’t be flexible enough, making it more likely to break the circuit.“The landscape of skin electronics keeps shifting at a remarkable pace,” says Cai. “The discovery of 2D sensors has accelerated efforts to turn these quite thin but strong materials into functional, durable artificial skins.”The new man-made skin built by the researchers could sense objects from 20 centimeters away. It could further make a quick response when touched in less than one tenth of a second. “ It is a striking achievement for an e-skin to maintain toughness after repeated use,” said Shen, “which mimics the softness and rapid recovery of human skin.”This type of e-skin could monitor a range of biological information, such as changes in blood pressure, which can be detected from movements of arms and legs. This data can then be shared and stored on the cloud via Wi-Fi.“One remaining problem to the widespread use of e-skins lies in mass production of high-resolution sensors,” adds group leader Vincent Tung “ however, the latest technology offers new promise. ”1．What’s the feature of the new e-skin?A．It can store information.B．It’s quite hard and tough.C．It’s flexible and sensitive.D．It can replace human skin.2．Why does the author mention “most e-skins” in paragraph 3?A．To stress the challenges of making e-skins. B．To introduce the popularity of e-skins.C．To show the process of making e-skins. D．To compare the similarity between e-skins.3．What can the new e-skin do?A．Adjust the blood pressure.B．Recover the wounded skin.C．Work as a remote controller.D．Sense the outside temperature.4．What is the best title for the text?A．A Breakthrough in Hi-tech B．Man-made Skin, ImprovedC．E-skin, A Promising Business D．The Widespread Use of E-skin【分析】这是一篇说明文。
全国高考英语 试题分类汇编 说明文类
批扯州址走市抄坝学校【】2021-高考英语试题分类汇编：说明文类1.〔2021·II〕完形填空There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the __21____home from work in the evenings.A man will be__22____the newspaper, and seconds later it __23___ as if he is trying to ___24__it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger___25__ next to him.___26___ place where unplanned short sleep __27__ is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring〔打鼾〕so ___28____that the professor has to ask another student to___29___ the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing〔为难〕situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the ___30___ of the head pushes the arm off the___31___, and the movement carries the__32___ of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no___33___ of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when __34___ . Police reports are full of ___35___ that occur when people fall into sleep and go__36_____ the road. If the drivers are ___37____ , they are not seriously hurt. One woman's car, ___38____ , went into the river. She woke up in four feet of __39____ and thought it was raining. Whenpeople are really ___40_____，nothing will stop them from falling asleep-----no matter where they are.21. A. way B. track C. path D. road22. A. buying B. folding C. delivering D. reading23. A. acts B. shows C. appears D. sounds24. A. open B. eat C. find D. finish25. A. lying B. waiting C. talking D. sitting26. A. Next B. Every C. Another D. One27. A. goes on B. ends up C. lasts D. returns28. A. bravely B. happily C. loudly D. carelessly29. A. leave B. shake C. keep D. watch30. A. size B. shape C. weight D. strength31．A. cushion B. desk C. shoulder D. book32. A. action B. position C. rest D. side33. A. memory B. reason C. question D. purpose34. A. thinking B. working C. walking D. driving35. A. changes B. events C. ideas D. accidents36. A. up B. off C. along D. down37. A. lucky B. awake C. calm D. strong38. A. in time B. at first C. as usual D. for example39. A. dust B. water C. grass D. bush40. A. tired B. drunk C. lonely D. lazy21----25ADCBD 26---30 CACBC 31----35BCADD 36---40BADBA2.〔2021·卷〕填空题完形Section C 〔12 marks〕Directions：Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.Does going to college really pay off？Certainly!I remember taking __48__ English class in college on the short story. Our first assignment was to read __49__ short stones and then discuss which one was better. After reading both，I wasn’t sure. Over the __50__ several months, my professor taught me __51__ one story was so much better than the other wan humorous __52__ was rich in metaphor〔隐喻〕and character development, while the other was humorous __53__ too shallow. I couldn’t see this at first. Yet, in a few months, my brain got reeducated an __54__ could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level.Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads __55__ greater success in one’s life.按照2021样题及真题来推测，填空题完形该是篇说明文，但的填空题完形文章的体裁有些出人意料，是一篇记叙文。