散文翻译(1)
现代散文翻译(汉译英)
I am on my own. strolling. hands behind my back. This bit of the universe seems in my possession now; and I myself seem to have been uplifted from my ordinary self into another world, I like a serene and peaceful life, as much as a busy and active one; I like being in solitude, as much as in company. As it is tonight, basking in a misty moonshine all by myself. I feel I am a free man, free to think of anything, or of nothing. All that one is obliged to do. or to say, in the daytime, can be very well cast a side now. That is the beauty of being alone. For the moment, just let me indulge in this profusion of moonlight and lotus frafragrance.
现代散文翻译
汉译英
荷塘月色
朱自清
荷塘月色
这几天心里颇不宁静。今晚在院子里坐着 这几天心里颇不宁静。 乘凉，忽然想起日日走过的荷塘， 乘凉，忽然想起日日走过的荷塘，在这满 月的光里，总该另有一番样子吧。 月的光里，总该另有一番样子吧。月亮渐 渐地升高了，墙外马路上孩子们的欢笑， 渐地升高了，墙外马路上孩子们的欢笑， 已经听不见了；妻在屋里拍着闰儿， 已经听不见了；妻在屋里拍着闰儿，迷迷 糊糊地哼着眠歌。我悄悄地披了大衫， 糊糊地哼着眠歌。我悄悄地披了大衫，带 上门出去。 上门出去。
英语经典散文附翻译
英语经典散文附翻译英语散文用真实动人的情感传达语言之美,让读者在阅读之后,感同身受,触动心灵。
下面店铺为大家带来英语经典散文附翻译，欢迎大家阅读!英语经典散文：一起生活One fine day, an old couple around the age of 70, walks into a lawyer’s office. Apparently, they are there to file a divorce. Lawyer was very puzzled, after having a chat with them, he got their story.This couple had been quarreling all their 40 over years of marriage nothing ever seems to go right.They hang on because of their children, afraid that it might affect their up-bringing. Now, all their children have already grown up, have their own family, there’s nothing else the old couple have to worry about, all they wanted is to lead their own life free from all these years of unhappiness from their marriage, so both agree on a divorce.Lawyer was having a hard time trying to get the papers done, because he felt that after 40 years of marriage at the age of 70, he couldn’t understand why the old couple would still wants a divorce.While they were signing the papers, the wife told the husband. “I really love you, but I really can’t carry on anymore, I’m sorry.”“It’s OK, I understand.” said the husband. Looking at this, the lawyer suggested a dinner together, just three of them, wife thought, why not, since they are still going be friends.At the dining table, there was a silence of awkwardness.The first dish was roasted chicken, immediately, the old mantook the drumstick for the old lady. “Take this, it’s your favorite.”Looking at this, the lawyer t hought maybe there’s still a chance, but the wife was frowning when she answer. “This is always the problem, you always think so highly of yourself, never thought about how I feel, don’t you know that I hate drumsticks?”Little did she know that, over the years, the husband have been trying all ways to please her, little did she know that drumsticks was the husband’s favorite.Little did he know that she never thought he understand her at all, little did he know that she hates drumsticks even though all he wants is the best for her.That night, both of them couldn’t sleep, toss and turn, toss and turn. After hours, the old man couldn’t take it anymore, he knows that he still loves her, and he can’t carry on life without her, he wants her back, he wants to tell her, he is sorry, he wanted to tell her, “I love you.”He picks up the phone, started dialing her number. Ringing never stops. He never stop dialing.On the other side, she was sad, she couldn’t understand how come after all these years, he still doesn’t understand her at all, she loves him a lot, but she just can’t take it any- more. Phone’s ringing, she refuses to answer knowing that it’s him. “What’s the point of talking now that it’s over. I have asked for it and now. I want to keep it this way, if not I will lose face. “She thought. Phone still ringing. She has decided to pull out the cord.Little did she remember, he had heart problems.The next day, she received news that he had passed away. She rushed down to his apartment, saw his body, lying on thecouch still holding on to the phone. He had a heart attack when he was still trying to get thru her phone line.As sad as she could be. She will have to clear his belongings. When she was looking thru the drawers, she saw this insurance policy, dated from the day they got married, beneficiary is her. Together in that file there’s this note.“To my dearest wife, by the time you are reading this, I’m sure I’m no longer around, I bought this policy for you, though the amount is only $100k, I hope it will be able to help me continue my promise that I have made when we got married, I might not be around anymore, I want this amount of money to continue taking care of you, just like the way I will if I could have live longer. I want you to know I will always be around, by your side. I love you.”Tears flowed like river.When you love someone, let them know. You never know what will happen the next minute. Learn to build a life together. Learn to love each other for who they are,Not what they are.英语经典散文翻译：在一个阳光明媚的日子里，一对70多岁的老夫妇走进了律师事务所。
优美散文翻译（中英对照）
想你的时候有些幸福，幸福得有些难过。
Be happywhen I miss you, but wit h sorrow.经不住似水流年，逃不过此间少年。
Cannot standup to the yearsrollin g l ike a stream,and cannot escape the youth.原来地久天长，只是误会一场。
Origin allyperman ent, only misund ersta nding和爱的人吵架，和陌生人讲心里话。
Quarre lingwith lover, sharin g innerm ost feelin gs with strang er.听悲伤的歌，看幸福的戏。
Listen ing to depres sed songs,watchi nging joy fushows .人生若只如初见。
If the life is only like initia lly seeing.你不过是仗着我喜欢你。
You only counton that I am keen on you.向来缘浅，奈何情深。
With shortpredes tinat ed relati onshi p, but foreve r affect ion.彼年豆蔻，谁许谁地老天荒。
When at youngage, who had premit ted to be perman ent我不在乎你对我的不在乎。
I don't care of your neglec t of me.我相信这个世界永远那么美。
I ever believ e the worldis glorio us and sp lend id.习惯难受，习惯思念，习惯等你，可是却一直没有习惯看不到你。
优美英语散文诗带翻译
优美英语散文诗带翻译英语诗歌是一种概括性很强、文字极凝炼的文学形式,不允许有任何邋遢或空泛的辞藻。
又由于诗歌有押韵、音步和格调等形式的要求和限制,因而,英语诗歌中对词的选择、使用特别考究,颇费推敲。
下面是店铺带来的优美英语散文诗带翻译，欢迎阅读!优美英语散文诗带翻译篇一醉花阴To the Tune of Intoxicated Under the Shadow of FlowersThe Double Ninth FestivalLight mists and heavy clouds,melancholy the long dreary day.In the golden censerthe burning incense is dying away.It is again timefor the lovely Double-Ninth Festival;The coolness of midnightpenetrates my screen of sheer silkand chills my pillow of jade.After drinking wine at twilightunder the chrysanthemum hedge,My sleeves are perfumedby the fragrance of the plants.Oh, I cannot say it is not endearing,Only, when the west wind stir the curtain,I see that I am more gracilethan the yellow flowers.醉花阴薄雾浓云愁永昼，瑞脑销金兽。
佳节又重阳，玉枕纱橱，半夜凉初透。
东篱把酒黄昏后，有暗香盈袖。
莫道不消魂，帘卷西风，人比黄花瘦!优美英语散文诗带翻译篇二初相遇 The Frst EncounterThe Frst EncounterThe lyric lad intones under the moonCan I have a chance to meet you, I croon If it were a love from the love divineI would cherish you, and cherish you fineI read your solitude in your heart soleI see your loneliness deep in your soulIf I were in my former lifeA lilac in the rainI drooped low, for youIf I were in my present lifeA poplar in the windI stood high, for youShould mountains have no peeksShould terrains have no cracksI would not part from you初相遇月下吟诗的少年怎会让我遇见你若是上天的旨意我会好好珍惜你读你的寂寞在心底懂你的孤独于魂里若前世我是一株雨中的紫丁香忧郁，为你若今世我是一棵风中的小白杨挺拔，为你哪怕山无棱角哪怕地无裂痕也不与你别离优美英语散文诗带翻译篇三我怕背叛但我更怕真情I Fear True Love More Than Betrayal典裘沽酒by Dianqiu Gujiu我怕背叛，但我更怕真情背叛只是一把刀子它能杀死一头猪最多只能砍断我的一只手擘I fear betrayal yet I more fear true lovebetrayal is just a knife that can kill a pigand at most can only cut one of my arms 我怕背叛，但我更怕真情因为真情是一个陷井能陷进一头猛兽也能陷进我的全部I fear betrayal yet I more fear true lovefor true love is a trap that can trap a beastand can still trap everything of my life优美英语散文诗带翻译篇四Spring春天I don’t know what kind of fan spring useto fan green the grass to fan red the flowersI don’t know what kind of comb spring useto comb gardens and streets into beautiful sceneriesI only know in my gardena splendid rose is bloomingat the most eye-catching spoton the street a greeting floatis coming from the direction of bird flightO spring is so sweet and charmingI want to be the pide of spring不知春天用什么扇子扇绿了草扇红了花不知春天用什么梳子梳美了花园和街道只看到花园里一朵鲜丽的玫瑰开在最抢眼的地方街道上一辆迎新的彩车来自鸟儿飞来的方向哦春天如此娇媚我也想当春天的新娘优美英语散文诗带翻译篇五走过柳园 Down By the Salley GardenDown by the salley gardens my love and I did meet;在莎莉花园深处，吾爱与我曾经相遇。
2016翻译硕士复习资料：散文翻译 (2) (1)
2016翻译硕士复习资料：散文翻译（4）美文妙译林语堂的Moment in Peking当中描写慈禧太后的句子：1. The ignorant old woman who ruled for the entire last half of the nineteenth century did more than any other single person to hold back China’s progress. Without her the progressive Emperor Kuangshu would certainly have gone on with his reforms. To the end, the Emperor, like an eagle deprived of its wings, remained submissive to his aunt. Ignorance added to a strong character was a double curse; stupidity joining hands with stubbornness was twice stupid.张振玉先生的译文：那个愚蠢无知的老太婆统治了19世纪的后50年，使中国不能进步，她可算功劳第一。
若没有她，锐意求进的光绪皇帝，一定会进行他的维新大计。
光绪皇帝，像个剪去翅膀的苍鹰，一直对他这位大权在握的老伯母必恭必敬，百依百顺。
愚而妄，其为祸则加倍地强烈。
愚蠢再与刚愎携手，则愚蠢倍增。
【spoiltcat点评】最后一句实在是经典。
“愚蠢无知”来译ignorant，有点过,因为ignorant 似乎并无“愚蠢”之意。
苍鹰不是一个一个的吧。
“必恭必敬”尚可表现出无奈的感觉，“百依百顺”则不可。
【spoiltcat改译】那个无知的老太婆在19世纪后半叶统治中国整整50年之久。
阻止中国进步的第一大功臣，当真非她莫属。
翻译硕士备考-散文的中译英方法 (1)
翻译硕士备考-散文的中译英方法汉语散文，特别是名家散文，因其语言诗话，意象繁多，逻辑结构不清晰，给翻译带来了很大困扰。
的确如此，中文散文的翻译足可见一个人的功底。
在翻译硕士的考试中，也有很多学校喜欢以散文形式出题，考察学生语言功底。
因此，在复习时，我等为求完满，应当也必须把散文这种文体翻好。
问题来了，怎么翻?不少同学会看张培基先生的英译中国散文选，甚至大量背诵，这不失为一种积累英文的好方法，然死记硬背不能达到举一反三的效果，不如先静坐下来，耐心想想个中方法。
笔者在翻译练习中也为其头痛不已，翻完之后总觉得千疮百孔、惨不忍睹，且不说英文不连贯，单是达意这项基本功能都未能实现。
苦思冥想，终于习得一法，颇为受用，在此与各位研友分享。
在应有的翻译基本功(达意、连贯、衔接等)基础上，此法可保译文中规中矩且不乏出彩之处。
简单来说，这种方法可以被称作“白话过渡与精修”，意思很明白，就是先用大白话把诗话的散文过一遍，然后以达意为主要目的粗粗翻译一遍，再在原文基础上进行语言精修。
如冰心《笑》中的选段：“雨声渐渐的住了，窗帘后隐隐地透进清光来。
推开窗户一看，呀!凉云散了，树叶上的残滴，映着月儿，好似萤光千点，闪闪烁烁的动着。
——真没想到苦雨孤灯之后，会有这么一幅清美的图画!”原文极尽诗意，不少人看第一眼就头大。
别着急，我们按步骤慢慢来。
1.用白话汉语说一遍别看冰心奶奶写得好看，其实这段话意思很简单。
我给大家说一遍。
“雨停了，有点光从窗帘后面照进来。
我打开窗户一看，呀，云彩没了，树叶上剩下的雨滴，在月光下，闪烁得像萤火虫。
真没想到在这个孤独的夜晚，下完雨之后，我能看见这么美的一幅画!”2.把上面这段白话文翻成英语。
The rain stopped. There wassome light to come into the room through the curtain. I opened the window andlooked out. Ah, the clouds had disappeared. The raindrops on the leaves, underthe moonlight, glistened like thousands of fireflies. I cannot think I couldsee such a beautiful pictureafter the miserable rain in a lonely night.到这里，该有人说了，你这翻得什么玩意啊，敢拿去考试吗!别着急，可不要小看这一步，最起码，它实现了翻译最基本的功能——达意。
张培基散文翻译1
艰难的国运与雄健的国民——李大钊班级：20084242 学号：2008424239 姓名：张颖历史的道路，不会是坦平的，有时走到艰难险阻的境界。
这是全靠雄健的精神才能冲过去的。
一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河，有时流到很宽阔的境界，平原无际，一泻万里。
有时流到很逼狭的境界，两岸丛山迭岭，绝壁断崖，江河流于期间，回环曲折，极其险峻。
民族生命的进展，其经历亦复如是。
人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。
旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。
志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，因是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，俞是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，俞能感到一种冒险的美趣。
中华民族现在所逢的史路，是一段崎岖险阻的道路。
在这段道路上，实在亦有一种奇绝壮绝的境至，使我们经过此段道路的人，感得一种壮美的趣味，是非有雄健的精神的，不能够感觉到的。
我们的扬子江、黄河，可以代表我们的民族精神，扬子江及黄河遇见沙漠、遇见山峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去，以成其浊流滚滚，一泻万里的魄势。
目前的艰难境界，那能阻抑我们民族生命的前进。
我们应该拿出雄健的精神，高唱着进行的曲调，在这悲壮歌声中，走过这崎岖险阻的道路。
要知在艰难的国运中建造国家，亦是人生最有趣味的事……。
National Crisis vs Heroic NationBy Li DazhaoThe course of history is never smooth. It is sometimes beset with difficulties and obstacles and nothing short of a heroic spirit can help surmount them.A mighty long river sometimes flows through a broad section with plains lying boundless on either side, its waters rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles. Sometimes it comes up against a narrow section flanked by high mountains and steep cliffs, winding through a course with many a perilous twist and turn. A nation, in the course of its development, fares likewise.The historical course of man’s life is just like a journey. A traveler on a long journey passes through now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazardous road. While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still morefascinating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is better able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.The Chinese nation is now confronted with a rugged and dangerous section of its historical course. Nevertheless, there is also in this section a spectacle of enormous magnificence that inspires in us passers-by a delightful sensation of splendor. And this delightful sensation, however, can only be shared by those with a heroic spirit.The Yangtse River and the Yellow River are both symbolic of our national spirit the two mighty rivers negotiate deserts and gorges until their turbid torrents surge forward with irresistible force. The present national crisis can never obstruct the advance of our national life. Let us brace up our spirits and march through this rugged, dangerous road to the tune of our solemn, stirring songs. The greatest joy of life, mind you, is to build up our country during its most difficult days.初读这篇文章是在高中，依稀记得老师当时讲了些什么。
散文的翻译评析
一个女人是这样衰老的How a Woman AgesA Woman’s AgingA Woman Fades ThusWhat Causes a Woman to Grow OldThe Way in Which a Woman is AgingHow a Woman Gets OldA Woman Withers This Way二十岁的时候，我穿着一条背心式牛仔裙在校园里走来走去。
一说话就脸红。
三十岁的我穿着名牌套装，坐在办公桌前，满脸冷酷地对下属说：“这么愚蠢的问题你也敢问？也不先打个草稿。
”译文一At the age of twenty, I walked about on the campus, wearing a vest-like jean skirt. My face would turn red whenever I speak. After I have turned thirty, I am seated in front of a bureau,in a suit of famous brand, reproaching a subordinate coldly, “How dare you ask such a stupid question? Why didn’t you make a draft first?”… I am sitting at a desk, wearing a trendy suit, …译文二At the age of twenty, wearing a jeans jumper, I moved about on the campus, my face blushing the moment I had the inclination to make an utterance. At the age of thirty, wearing a famous-brand suit and a cold look, I reproach my subordinate bluntly, “How can you go so far as to raise such a silly, mindless question?”二十岁的时候，从图书馆借的是《莎士比亚全集》、《一个青年艺术家的自画像》和《尤利西斯》。
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[译文] 一条大路，两旁白蜡树成林，路尽头可以望 见牧师旧宅的灰色门面。路口园门的门拱不 知在哪一年掉下来了，可是两座粗石雕成的 门柱还巍然矗立着。旧宅的故主是位德高望 重的牧师，现已不在人世，一年前，他的灵 柩从园门里迁出，移向村中的公墓，也有不 少人执绋随行。园门里的林荫大路和宅门前 的马车道，杂草蔓生，偶尔有两三只乌鸦飞 来，随意啄食，在路旁觅食的那头老白马， 也可以在这里吃到几口可口的美餐。 —夏济安
意境深邃
意境深邃，注重表现作者的生活感受，抒情性强，情感真挚。
语言优美凝练，富于文采
力求写景如在眼前，写情沁人心脾。
散文语言一般以口语为基础，而文语（包括古 语和欧化语）为点缀
好的散文文风清新自然，优美洗练，句式 长短相间，随物赋形，如多用修辞特别是 比喻，如讲音调、节奏、旋律的音乐美等。
因此，在英汉散文翻译中须注意实现散文 的美感功能和表情功能。
（4）四字结构 例：The long slender bars of cloud float like fishes in the sea of crimason light. 译文1：条条纤云在绛色霞光中飘扬，如海中游 鱼般。 译文2：那里万道霞光，宛如无数锦鳞，正浮沉 翔游于金光熠耀的猩红海洋。 [分析] 四字结构是汉语表达形式中一个极重要的 组成部分，比较两个译文不难看出，正是通过 四字结构的使用，才使得译文二更加丰满，并 极富色彩的变化，让人读起来有壮丽华美之感。
3. 消除隔阂拉近距离 语言是文化的载体。不同的语言，承载着不同 的文化。比如，英语多包孕句，复句层层套用， 逻辑完整。而汉语则多流水句，读来如行云流 水，逻辑关系都放在句与句之间。这其实是因 为中西文化的不同。同时，有些带着文化意义 的表达法，有关事件、人物等，也是作品中的 文化因素，也是翻译中的难点。只有尽力消除 这种文化上的隔阂，译者才能最终在文化的鸿 沟上架起沟通的桥梁。
译文：青春气贯长虹，勇锐盖过怯懦，进取压倒苟安。 如此锐气，二十后生而有之，六旬男子则更多见。 年岁有加，并非垂老，理想丢弃，方堕暮年。
2.句子层面 （1）行文流畅 例1：It was now a twelvemonth since the funeral procession of the venerable clergymen, its last inhabitant, had turned from that gateway towards the village burying-ground. [译文] 一年前，他的灵柩从园门里迁出，移向村中的 公墓，也有不少人执绋随行。 [分析] 原文是it was…since的结构，译文将他转换成 适合汉语的表达方式(一年前……)，这种记述的视角更 符合译语的习惯，行文更流畅。原文中的一个时间状 语since the funeral procession，在译文中被作者转换 成一个独立的分句“也有不少人执绋随行”，对上文 “一年前，他的灵柩从园门里迁出……”补充说明，意 思非常连贯。
散文美感功能的实现
在语言上的实现 词汇方面 句子层面 2. 在意象方面的实现
1.
散文美感功能在语言上的实现
1. 词汇方面
（1）语义清晰 意义的传达是翻译最基本的功能。译者 在进 行散文翻译时必须从整体上把握原 文，在充分掌握原语信息的基础上，再 用译语准确流畅的加以表达，将美感完 整的再现于译文中。
散文的分类 散文主要分为叙事性散文，抒情性散文，议论性
散文 记叙性散文
《落花生》 《从百草园到三味书屋》 《藤野先生》
抒情性散文
朱自清的《荷塘月色》 刘白羽的《日出》 矛盾的《白杨礼赞》
议论性散文
陶铸的《松树的风格》
散文主要特点
形散而神不散
“形散”主要是说散文取材十分广泛自由，不受时间和空间的限制；表 现手法不拘一格
① We beheld the gray front of the old parsonage terminating
the vista of an avenue of black ash-trees. [译文] 一条大路，两旁白蜡树成林，路尽头可以望见牧师旧宅 的灰色门面。 [分析] 译者将terminating the vista of an avenue的意思用“路 尽头”来传达,没有受到vista这个虚义模糊词的局限,并将 terminating转换成一个地点状语,所表达的意思与原文一致,并 非常清楚。如果译者试图寻找与terminating和vista语义对应的 语言单位,就会受到英语语言结构的影响。
例2： The glimmering shadows that lay half asleep between the door of the house and the public highway were a kind of spiritual medium, seen through which the edifice had not quite the aspect of belonging to the material world. [译文] 宅门和公路之间，都是隐约朦胧的树影，似乎 人鬼异世，这座旧宅也不属于这个世界的了。 [分析] 译者将a kind of spiritual medium译成“似乎人 鬼异世” ,把medium这个很难放在汉语里的意思表达 得很清楚了，而且渲染了原文情感色彩，使译作呈现 一股“圣洁之气”。如果译者不作这样的努力，原作 的基本意思很难表达清楚，更不用说他的蕴涵了。而 且，译者并没有对应原文用a kind of spiritual medium 作the glimmering shadows的补足成分，那样不符合 汉语的表达和思维习惯。上面两例说明，译者在把握 了原文语义的基础上，还要注意在表达的时候，语言 首先要连贯流畅，不受原文表达模式的影响。如果行 文不畅，也就谈不上语言的美了。
例2：Youth means a tempera-mental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.
（2）词汇丰富 例1：Books of voyages and travels became my passion, and in devouring their contents I neglected the regular exercises of the school. 译文1：我最爱读的书是游记旅游之类，废寝 忘食读这种闲书，把学校里的正课练习都给 耽误了。 译文2：描写海与陆的游记成了我的酷嗜，寝 馈其中，致废学业。 [分析] 比较两种译文，可以发现译文2在遣字 措辞上的功夫和善于白文结合的特点使得译 文干净利索，遒劲练达。
例：Between two tall gate-posts(门柱) of rough-hewn (hew砍劈)stone(the gate itself having fallen from its hinges at some unknown epoch)we beheld the gary front of the old parsonage(教区牧师的住所) terminating (terminate,停止结束)vista(景色，景观) of an avenue of black ash-trees. It was now a twelvemonth since the funeral procession of the venerable clergymen,its last inhabitant,had turned from that gateway towards the village burrying-ground. The wheel-track leading to the door, as well as the whole breadth of the avenue, was almost overgrown by grass, affording dainty(娇小的娇美的) mouthfuls to two or three vagrant crows(乌鸦) and old white horse who had his own living to pick up along the roadside.
在翻译中,译者通过自己的理解能力在头脑中再现与原 作者头脑近似的图景,再依靠自己的表达能力将这一图 景蕴涵在译语的语言形式中。由于语言材料和文化环 境的不同,要实现相同图景的传达,这个二次表达和原 作者的一次表达必然有相同也有不同的地方。翻译要 把握与原创作的同与不同,靠的就是这个整体图景的限 定。作为一种成熟的艺术题材,散文艺术的翻译要素是 多方面的,包括语言风格、意象、情感等各个层面。无 论是哪一个层面,译者都应该进行整体把握,在充分掌 握原语信息的基础上,将所形成的格式塔意象用译语建 构起来,这样才能摄原文“意境之神韵”,突破语言、 文化和时空的藩篱,将美感体验完整地再现于译文中。 下面我们看夏济安先生是怎么做的：
何谓散文？
散文（prose;essay）是与诗歌、小说、戏 剧并称的一种文学体裁，指不讲究韵律的 散体文章，包括杂文、随笔、游记等。是 最自由的文体，不讲究音韵，不讲究排比， 没有任何的束缚及限制，也是中国最早出 现的行文体例。通常一篇散文具有一个或 多个中心思想。写真实的“我”是散文的 核心特征和生命所在。
② The wheel-track leading to the door, as well as the whole