新东方白易礼语法笔记12
新东方白易礼语法笔记11
语法系列讲座29例如：It is five kilometers from my home to the school.从我家到学校有五公里。
It is very near from this factory to that one.从这个工厂到那个工厂非常近。
It is a long way to the sea. 离海很远。
Is it well with you? 你身体好吗？二、it作形式主语动词不定式、动名词短语起、从句在句子中起主语作用，而这一部分用词较多时，可以用it作为形式主语，放在句首代表其后所说的事实上的、真正的主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。
1．It +谓语＋动词不定式。
It 作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。
例如：It is difficult to climb a mountain. 爬山是很艰难的。
It’s a good habit to do morning exercises. 作早操是个好习惯。
It’s important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language. 在学习外语时适当地做一些有助于记忆的练习是很重要的。
It is right to do so. 这样做是对的。
2．It＋谓语＋动名词短语。
It 作形式主语，动名词短语作真正的主语。
例如：It is dangerous playing with fire. 玩火是危险的。
It is no use learning without thinking. 学而不思则罔。
It’s useless arguing with a silly boy. 和笨孩子争论是没有用的。
3．It ＋谓语＋名词性从句。
It 作形式主语，以that 引导的名词性从句是真正的主语。
例如：It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film.你没看这么好的电影，真可惜。
新东方白易礼：英语四级考试语法笔记9
3)星期⼀有个外国朋友来参观过我们学校了。
A foreign friend visited our school on Monday. 4)我上中学的时候总是六点钟起床。
I used to get up at six when I was at middle school. 5)周总理曾经常在这⾥办公。
Premier Zhou used to work here. 6、过去进⾏时 (1)构成：由助动词be 的过去式 + 现在分词构成。
其中be有⼈称和数的变化，第⼀、第三⼈称单数⽤was，其他⽤were. 1)过去进⾏时动词主要表⽰在过去某⼀时刻或某⼀段时间内正在进⾏或持续进⾏的动作。
过去进⾏时经常与过去时配合使⽤。
例如： This time yesterday, we were having an English lesson. 昨天这个时候，我们正在上英语课。
The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room. ⽼师在给我们上课时，汤姆⾛进教室。
While we were having supper, all the lights went out. 我们吃饭的时候，灯灭了。
He was reading while she was setting the table. 她摆桌⼦时，他在读书。
It was getting dark. The wind was rising. 天渐渐⿊下来了。
风势增强了。
2)过去进⾏时动词常⽤always, continually, frequently 等词连⽤，表⽰过去经常发⽣的⾏为。
这种⽤法表明带有的感情⾊彩。
例如： The two brothers were frequently quarreling when they were young. 两兄弟⼩时候常吵架。
新东方白易礼语法笔记7 (1)
语法系列讲座22作从句的宾语。
关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，因此上句又可变成“have you found the book you were looking for yesterday?”.请同学们照上面的例子，把下面变定语从句的步骤说出来(括号里的可以省略):( 1 ) "The dog belongs to the Browns. It ate my fish yesterday."……The dog which/that ate my fish yesterday belongs to the Browns。
(2) "The lady has gone to the police station. Her car has been stolen."……The lady whose car has been stolen has gone to the police station.(3) "I' ve seen the film. His girl friend played the leading role In it.''……I' ve seen the film {which / that) his girl friend played the leading role in……I’ve seen the film in which his girl friend played the leading role.……His girl friend played the leading role in the film {which/that) I’ve seen.关系副词与此同理。
只是关系副词代替的是原句中的状语。
在被代替之前，这个状语中一定要含有一个与另一句相同的成分。
例如:This is the house甲I was barn and brought up in the house.在这两个句子中，in the house是句子里的地点状语，定语从句修饰的就是the house。
新东方白易礼语法笔记8 (1)
语法系列讲座23如：Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to bring off the contract. Peter 是那个人人都认为不能完成合同的人。
（everybody believes 是插入语）At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable.在选举的时候我投了我认为最合适的那个人的票。
5．关系代词作从句的主语时，从句的动词必须和先行词的人称和数一致：例：These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English 。
这就是用英文写成的使用说明。
Are you staying at the white house which/that is newly completed and which /that has 15 bedrooms, 3 kitchens and 4 toilets?你是住在那幢刚刚竣工、有15个卧室、3个病房和4个卫生间的白色房子里吗？So far as I know, there are many VIPs who are going to attend the reception.就我所知有很多达官贵人将出席这个招待会。
6．非限定性定语从句不用that，只用who（whose, whom）和which代表人和物；例：Her brothers, both of whom work in America, ring her up every week。
她的兄弟们？？两个人都在美国工作？？每个星期都给她打电话。
The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd，那些公共汽车？？大多已经坐满了人？？被一群愤怒的人围着。
Unit12Lifeisfulloftheunexpected知识点-5068儿童网
Unit12Lifeisfulloftheunexpected知识点 - 5068儿童网必须把语法搞懂，搞透彻。
我当初不爱背单词，所有的业余时间都用在补语法知识上，。
下面是小偏整理的Unit12Lifeisfulloftheunexpected知识点，感谢您的每一次阅读。
Unit12Lifeisfulloftheunexpected知识点【重点短语】1.takeashower淋浴2.leavemybackpackathome把背包忘在家里3.getbacktoschool返回学校4.startteaching开始教学5.gooff响铃6.rushoutthedoor冲出房门7.givesbalift捎某人一程8.missbothevents错过两个事件9.beabouttodosth正要做某事10.stareindisbeliefat难以置信地盯着11.raiseabovetheburningbuilding从正在燃烧的楼上升起12.jumpoutofbed跳下床13.collectthemathhomework收数学作业14.showup赶到，出现【重点句型】1.BythetimeIgotup,mybrotherhadalreadygottenintheshower.当我起床时，我哥哥已经进了浴室了。
2.BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadygone.当我出来时，公汽已经走了。
3.WhenIgottoschool,IrealizedIhadleftmybackpackathome.当我到达学校时，我才意识到我把背包忘在家里了。
4.BythetimeIwalkedintoclass,theteacherhadstartedteachinga lready.当我走进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。
5.BythetimeIarrivedattheparty,everyoneelsehadalreadyshow edup.当我到达晚会时，其他的每个人都已经到了。
白易礼：大学英语四级考试语法笔记40
Now let’s do some exercises to consolidate what we have learned about subjunctive mood: ⼀、单项选择： 1. The teacher demanded that the exam ___before eleven.a. must finishb. would be finishedc. be finishedd. must be finished 2. She made the demand that she ____ at once.a. leaveb. leavesc. leftd. to be left 3. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there.a. had beenb. has beenc. wasd. been cn 4. Mother insisted that the child’s hands ___ before dinner.a. should washb. be washedc. would washd. had washed 5. The young man insisted that he ___ nothing wrong and ____ free.a. did; setb. had done; should be setc. do; be setd. had done; must be set 6. Mother suggested that I ___ my homework first before watching TV.a. didb. doc. shall dod. have done 7. My suggestion was that the meeting ____ off till next week.a. to putb. be putc. should putd. be putting 8. The suggestion has been made ___the basketball game ___ put off.a. for; tob. that; bec. which; should bed. to; being 9. The commander ordered that the wounded ___ to hospital right away.a. to be sentb. be sentc. sendd. should send 10. The order came that the medical suppliers ____ to the village without delay.a. would be sentb. should sendc. be sentd. must be sent 11. They requested that he ____ on the radioa. spokeb. speaksc. speakd. would speak 12. It is important that we ___ wild animals.a. will protectb. should protectc. shall protectd. are protecting 13. It is necessary that the problem ____ at once.a. solvesb. should solvec. should be solvedd. will be solved 14. It is strange that he ____ interest in much of his research.a. should have lostb. would losec. had lostd. will lose 15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ___ all right now.a. areb. werec. would bed. would have been 16. ___ I be free tomorrow, I could go with you.a. Couldb. Shouldc. Mightd. Must 17. ___ to do the work, I should do it some other way. a. If were I B. I were c. Were I d. Was I 18. ___ today, he would get there by Friday.a. Would he leaveb. Was he leavingc. Were he to leaved. If he leave 19. ____ your letter, I would have written back two days ago.a. If I receivedb. Should I receivec. Had I receivedd. If I could have received 20. ____, he would have passed the exam.a. If he were to studyb. If he studied hardc. Had he studied hardd. Should he study hard 21. Should it rain, the crops ___.a. would be savedb. would have been savedc. will be savedd. had been saved 22. You ___ earlier. The bus left a moment ago.a. would comeb. should have comec. may comed. have come。
unit12Lifeisfulloftheunexpected课文知识点详解
Unit12. Life is full of the unexpected课文知识点详解Section A1丄ife is full of the unexpected① Our life is _____________ cha nces, but there are also a lot of challe ngeSS满)② The box is ____________ 装满)books.( ) ③On hearing the news, her heart was _____ gratitude.A. filled ofB. full withC. filled withD. fill with【2018 莱芜］77. If you read a lot, your life will be full _______ pleasure.A. byB. ofC. forD. With【2018 辽宁丹东］—Look! Here comes Cindy! She is always full of __________ .—So she is. because she takes a lot of exercise every day.A. kno wledgeB. courageC. cha ngeD. en ergyThe old should be take n good care of by the gover nment.It will not be unexpected if Tom comes late again, because he is always like this.【2018 甘肃白银］The girl is greatly interested in the song. The lyrics of it ___ h er thoughtsand feeli ngs.A. expressB. discussC. expectD. Imag ine2. By the time I got up, my brother _____ already _____ in the shower. (1b)3. By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.【解析］by the time在”以前，指从过去的某一点到从句所示的时间为止，常引导表示过去的时间状语从句，主句常用过去完成时，即had+动词过去分词。
新东方白易礼：英语四级考试语法笔记7
3)现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in 等连⽤，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语，如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连⽤。
例如： She has already come. 她已经来了。
I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。
I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红⼀直是个好学⽣。
I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。
I haven’t seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。
翻译练习： 1)他们已经答复了我们的信。
They have already answered our letter. 2)⾃去年以来我就未遇见过王英。
I haven’t met Wang Ying since last year. 3)他刚把他的名字告诉我。
He has just told me his name. 4)你到过杭州吗? 到过。
我⼀个⽉以前去过那⾥。
我去过两三次。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? Yes, I have. I went there a month ago. I have been there two or three times. 5)他在海外住了很长时间了。
He has lived abroad for a very long time. 4、现在完成进⾏时 (1)构成：第三⼈称单数由has been + 动词的现在分词;其他⼈称和数由have been + 动词的现在分词。
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当主句的have不表示“拥有”而表示其他意思时，附加疑问要用do,如：You had a cold yesterday, didn’t you?They don’t have coffee with breakfast, do they?8.There be句型的反意疑问句，用there 作主语。
如：There is something wrong, isn’t there?There won’t be any trouble, will there? 不会有任何麻烦，是吗？9.陈述部分的主语是everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody等不定代词时，其疑问部分的主语可用he, 也可用they.如：Everyone knows it, doesn’t he/don’t they?英语反意疑问句的回答有点和汉语的相反。
但一定要记住：只要回答是肯定的，都用yes，只要回答是否定的，都用no。
这在主句是否定句的时候要特别注意。
例如：Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he? ？No, he can’t.琼斯先生不会讲法语，对吗？？对，他不会讲法语。
Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he? ？Yes, he can.琼斯先生不会讲法语，对吗？？不，他会讲法语。
This is not a door, is it? －Yes, it is. It is an iron door.这不是门，对吗？？不，这是门。
是扇铁门。
练习完成下列反意疑问句，并译出后面的回答。
1)There is a dog under the tree, _____? 是的，有。
→isn’t there? Yes, there is.2)They are laughing at me, ____? 不，没有。
/ 对，是的。
→aren’t they? No, they aren’t. / Yes, they are.3)We haven’t visited that college, _____? 对，还没有。
→have we? No, we haven’t.4)She wants to be a nurse, _____? 不，她不想。
/是的，她想。
→doesn’t she? No, she doesn’t. /Yes, she does.5)Girls don’t smoke, ____? 是的，是这样。
/ 不，抽。
而且有人抽得很凶。
→do they? No, they don’t. /Yes, they do. And some are heavy smokers6)We shall not have classes on Sunday, _____? 是的，不上。
→Shall we? No, we shan’t.7)You watch English videos, ____?不，不看。
/是的，我们常看，每周三次。
→don’t you? No, we don’t. /Yes, we often do. We watch them three times a week.8)Wait outside, ____? 不，我不。
/好的，可以。
→won’t you? No, I won’t. /Yes, I will.9)Don’t move, ____? 好的，我不动。
/不，我要动。
→will you? No, I won’t. /Yes, I will.10)She is not here, ____? 是的，不在。
/不，她在。
就坐在我后面。
→is she? No, she isn’t. /Yes, she is. She is sitting just behind me.连接词连接词是英语中的一个重要组成部分，它们连接英语的句子和段落，使文章流畅自然，使英语句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间的关系一目了然。
中国的语法书上一般不专门涉及连接词。
鉴于中国学生在应用英语（尤其是写作）的时候常常犯连接词错误，如不用连接词、在使用连接词时错用标点符号等，我们有必要专门讲述连接词。
英语中连接词分为两大类：连词性连接词（即连词）和副词性连接词。
连词连词用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子。
连词不能单独作句子成分，也没有词形变化。
连词分为并列连词和从属连词两种。
一、并列连词并列连词用来连接句子中担任相同成分的词、短语或分句。
常见的有七个单词和四个短语：and, but, or, for(因为), nor, so, yet; both…and…, not only….but also…., either…or…., neither…nor…1．and用来连接词、短语或分句，表示并列或对称关系：The man put on his coat and hat, and went out of the office. 那个人穿上外衣、戴上帽子，走出了办公室。
A car and a dictionary are both useful. 汽车和字典都有用处。
I went home and John stayed there. 我回家了，而约翰呆在那里。
2．but连接两个含义不同甚至相反的词、短语或分句，表示转折：Not everybody is honest and hardworking, but Tom is. 并非每个人都诚实肯干，但汤姆是的。
We tried to persuade her to do it but failed. 我们尽力说服她去做，但没有成功。
3．or表示两者居其一，表示选择：Which VCD player is better, this one or that one? 哪个VCD更好，这个还是那个？ Are you hungry or not? 你饿了没有？4．For(因为)只能放在表示结过的分句后面，引导表示原因的分句：I must be going, for it’s getting dark. 我必须走了，因为天黑了。
He didn’t go there, for he was ill. 他没到那儿去，因为他病了。
5．Both…and…只能用来连接两个并列的词或短语，不能连接句子：His plan is both easy and practical. 他的计划既容易又实用。
Zhang Yimou is a famous director both at home and abroad. 张艺谋是一位在国内外都著名的导演。
Both this plane and its engines are made in China. 飞机和它的发动机都是中国制造的。
6．Not only…but also…不但能连接词和短语，而且还能连接分句。
Also 有时省略。
注意not only 位于句首时，主语和谓语需要倒装：He is not only an actor but also a writer. 他不仅是演员，而且是作家。
He not only read it but also remembered what he had read. 他不但读过，而且记住了所读过的东西。
When we talk about the universe, we mean not only the earth, the sun, and the moon, but (also) all the other things too far away for us to see. 当我们谈到宇宙时，我们不但指地球、太阳和月亮，而且还指一切远得看不见的其他东西。
Not only did he say it but (also) he did it. 他不但说了，而且做了。
（倒装）Not only do the nurses want a pay rise, but also they want reduced hours. 护士们不但要求加工资，而且还要求缩短工时。
（倒装）7．Either…or…表示选择，“或者…或者…”、“不是….就是…”的意思。
注意either…or…（整个结构作主语时）句子中的动词通常要和邻近的主语相一致。
Either you are wrong, or I am. 不是你错了，就是我错了。
Either you or he is going to get the job. 不是你就是他将获得这份工作。
Can I borrow either your car or your bike? 我可以借用你的汽车或者你的自行车吗？If you’re late, you should make an apology to the host either immediately or later. 如果你迟到了，你应该立即或事后向主人道歉。
8．Neither…nor…表示“既不….又不…”的意思。
注意neither…nor…整个结构作主语时，句子中的谓语动词通常要和邻近的主语一致：Neither the students nor I am ready yet. 学生们和我都还没有准备好。
He worked neither for fame nor for money. 他干工作既不图名又不图利。
The girl could neither speak nor write the language. 这个女孩既不会说也不会写那种语言。
9．So(因此)，引导表示结过的分句，原因分句在前。
（与for相反）It’s getting dark, so I must be going. 天黑了，因此我得走了。
I had a headache, so I went to bed early last night. 我头痛，于是昨晚很早就睡了。
10．Yet (然而)，有时和and 一起用，表示吃惊、表示转折，相当于but at the same time, however, nevertheless:She is vain and foolish, and yet people like her. 她既虚荣又愚蠢，然而人们却喜欢她。
She’s a funny girl, yet you can’t help liking her. 她是个疯疯癫癫的女孩，然而你却禁不住喜欢她。
He worked hard, yet he failed. 他很努力，然而却失败了。
It’s strange, yet it’s true. 这事有点怪，却是真的。