阅读猜词题型
专题15-阅读之词义猜测题(原卷版)-备战2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过
考点15 阅读之词义猜测（原卷版）【命题趋势】词义猜测题型是高考中必考题型，每年考察1-2题。
所以词义猜测题型也是考生需要复习的考点。
词义猜测，即阅读中的完形填空。
可以通过前后句子中的关键词寻找相对应的词。
只要找到方法，拿下词义猜测轻而易举。
当然，着需要我们掌握足够的词汇量才能游刃有余！【重要考向】一、了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式和基本提示词；二、掌握词义猜测解题技巧；考向一【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A. Acquire.B. Export.C. Destroy.D. Distribute.了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式(1) 代词类猜词题The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to_______.The underlined word “it" in Para. 4 refers to _______.(2) 其他类猜测题What does the word X (in Paragraph X) mean?What does the underlined word X mean?What can we learn from the underlined sentence?The underlined word X probably means _______.考向二【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%）rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Admit.B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.1. 代词类猜词题做题方法第一步：优先看划线句第二步：前指向性第三步：代词单复数线索2. 其他类猜词题做题方法根据构词法：通过转化、合成、词根词缀等词根词缀常见前缀：前缀作用：通常前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性常见后缀：后缀作用：通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性(3) 因果法—— 根据因果关系常见表示因果的词汇：because, for, as, since, for the reason that, considering that (4) 并列法—— 根据并列顺承关系常见的并列词：and, as well as, not only…but also…, together/along with, when/while (5) 转折法——根据转折关系常见表示转折的词汇：while, not, but, however, yet, otherwise, though, despite, in spite of , in contrast, instead of, rather than1.【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解C篇】“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.”29. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?A. Difference.B. Conflict.C. Balance.D. Connection.2.【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?A. Be careful!B. Well done!C. No way!D. Don't worry!3.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself"marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.26. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2A. recordsB. predictsC. delaysD. confirms4.【2021天津卷3月阅读理解B篇】The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.43. The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .A. letting go of the pastB. looking for a new jobC. getting rid of a bad habitD. giving up an opportunity5.【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂in paragraph 4 refer to?A. Debt.B. Reward.C. Allowance.D. Face value.6. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species（物种）.It’s destroying the environment.It’s them or us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed.B. Became mature.C. Remained stable.D. Crashed.7. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Pleasure from working in the library.B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.D. A closer bond developed with the readers.8. 【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.26. What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.9. 【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解C篇】His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? （）A. Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.10. 【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解D篇】According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.13. What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to? （）A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.11.【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】But he’s nervous.＂I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…＂Chris trips on the＂-ld,＂a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.＂…Vo te for …me…＂Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.25. What does the underlined word ＂stumbles＂in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.12.【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids run ning the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on… At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, "Alright. Yes, I’ll do it."25. What does the underlined phrase "tug at the heartstrings" in paragraph 2 mean?A. Encourage team work.B. Appeal to feelings.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.13.【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解B篇】"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion —they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China —some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hill.26.What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing against14.【2019天津卷阅读理解D篇】The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. End one’s struggle for liberty.B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.1.【广东省广州市2021届高三一模】Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his “theory of disease”. This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur’s theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek's original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy.5．The underlined phrase “this legacy” in paragraph 3 refers to_______.A．the discovery of microbes.B．Pasteur's theory of disease.C．Leeuwenhoek's contribution.D．the origin of the tiny organism.2.【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】By the time I arrived, the sailing club had grown. At weekends, we would work on her all day, cleaning and painting her, and collapse into sleeping bags on the floor at night. Then came the big day when a school sailing trip was announced. Its destination was Saint-Malo. But it also meant that we had to refit the ship by removing every piece of ballast(压舱物)and replacing the bilge water(底舱污水)before we were allowed to sail.And I did learn the ropes on that school trip. I learned how to operate a ship in the high waves. I learned the meaning of teamwork and became a better team player. I also learned that the best fish is the one that you have caught and cooked yourself from a boat that you have rebuilt and sailed yourself.7．What does the underlined phrase “learn the ropes” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Learn to cook.B．Master useful skills.C．Ensure sailing safety.D．Use ropes properly.3.【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】On achieving success:“When you make a choice and say, ‘Come hell or high water, I am going to be this,’ then you should not be surprised when you are that. It should not be something that is intoxicating or out of character because you have seen this moment for so long that ... when that moment comes, of course it is here because it has been here the whole time, because it has been [in your mind] the whole time.”On failure:“I don’t mean to sound cavalier when I say that, but never. It’s basketball. I’ve practiced and practiced and played so many times. There’s nothing truly to be afraid of, when you think about it ... Because I’ve failed before, and I woke up the next morning, and I’m OK. People say bad things about you in the paper on Monday, and then on Wednesday, you're the greatest thing since sliced bread. I’ve seen that cycle, so why would I be nervous about it happening?”5．The word “cavalier” in the 3rd paragraph probably means __________.A．not serious or caring B．anxious and eagerC．worried and pessimistic D．not proud or arrogant4.【河北省石家庄市2021届高三质检】“This must be a simply vast wardrobe!” thought Lucy, going still further in. Then she noticed that there was something crunching under her feet. “Is that more mothball?” she thought, stooping down to feel it with her hand. But instead of feeling the hard, smooth wood, she felt something soft and powdery and extremely cold. “This is very queer,” she said, and went on a step or two further.7．What does the underlined word “queer” mean?A．Terrifying.B．Empty.C．Strange.D．Impressive.5.【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】In two-and-a-half years, the pair still have to replenish their incomes with some writing and editing, but the business is growing and within five years they hope to be helping fund half a dozen research projects. It is a big task. “Some days we think it would be great to turn it off,” MacCallum says, “but when we see the wonder on the face of a person who is experiencing somewhere like the Galapagos for the first time, we know we are living a wonderful life.”7．The underlined word “replenish" in Paragraph 4 means _________.A．consume B．supply C．reduce D．control6.【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】Professor Sabbatucci received hundreds of calls from people hoping to trick him into handing them the cash. But there was one voice he recognized and he arranged to meet the man in a park. The robber, a 35-year-old unemployed father of two, gave back the suitcase and burst into tears. He could not believe what was happening. “Why didn’t you keep the money?” he asked. The professor replied, “I couldn’t because it’s not mine.” Then he walked off, spurning the thief’s offer of a reward.27．The underlined word “spurning” in the last sentence can be replaced by ________.A．accepting B．claimingC．rejecting D．cancelling7.【河北省张家口市2021届高三期末】In 1985. C'harlie Burrell inherited （继承）a piece of land in West Sussex, England, which is 3.500 acres. It had been in his family for more than 200 years. As it was a failing farm, he and his wife. Isabella Tree, were all set to run a traditional farm, but soon realized the costs far outweighed the profits. The land wasn't suitable for growing crops anymore.So. in 2001, the couple decided to try something else — an experiment in “rewilding”，or restoring environments to their natural state. They reintroduced native species, including Tamworth pigs, Exmoor ponies, longhorn cattle, and deer. Then they took out all the fences and let the animals wander freely.In the following years, the land went through an incredible change. The once neat fields were covered with bushes, creating habitats where new plant and animal species could grow.Now it's home to many different creatures, including two rare species of bats, nightingales, peregrine falcons, white storks, and even turtle doves, whose numbers have dropped by 98 percent in the U. K. over the last few decades!“We were living in a biological desert. Now, ecologists are blown away all the time by just the amount of life here," Isabella said. "It shows the potential that this kind of project has for changing trends of biodiversity decline.What's more, the land is now profitable! Charlie and Isabella offer multiple services there, including walking tours, safaris, photography classes, and rewilding workshops. They also sell meat to control their large animal populations, and even allow visitors to spend a night outside in the tents they set up.What a promising outcome! This is amazing news for conservationists and shows that our planet can be returned to its natural glory, if only we let it. Now, it's a beautiful reminder of how ecosystems can be restored by letting Mother Nature take the control.8.【河北省张家口市第一中学2021届高三期中】The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit."Please bring that pistol to me," I said. "I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box.""What's that?" they asked."It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren," I replied,"You don't have grandchildren," someone said."I don't now." I replied. "But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them."My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes. students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.25．What do the underlined words "the offender" in paragraph 8 refer to?A．The student's parent.B．The maker of the Grandma's Box.C．The author's grandchild.D．The owner of the forbidden fruit.9.【2020届8月贵州省贵阳市普通高中高三摸底】As it turned out, it not only shocked the US actress, but also brought criticism from those who believed Fanning was too young compared to other veterans in the industry. But Fanning’s acting experience was in fact a good argument for her jury membership. In fact, Fanning has been a Hollywood fixture for longer than you realize.4. What does the underlined word “veterans” probably mean?A. shocked actressesB. green hands C experienced people D. music producers10.【湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2021届高三期中】It’s been less than a month since Arnold, a Texas high school student, was forbidden from going to the prom and graduation unless he cut his locs. As his story spread on social media, celebrities and activists came to Arnold’s defence and encouraged him to stand up to his school’s hair discrimination. Now, in a significant turn of events, he’s proudly wearing his own hair-style at the 2020 Oscars.Arnold and his mother were invited to attend as the guests of director Matthew A．Cherry, who won the award for Best Animated Short Film for Hair Love tonight. Fittingly, the short film tells the story of a Black father learning to style his daughter’s natural hair.Arnold told us he couldn’t wait to walk the red carpet with the Hair Love team. “I’m so grateful. I never expected any of this,” Arnold says. “The message of that movie and my message go together so well. I think it’s really amazing how they reached out to me and how we can fight this together.”5．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Violence.B．Discrimination.C．Panic.D．Starvation.11.【湖南省郴州市2021届高三第二次质量检测】While studying, I began exploring Mexico, crossing the country several times by bus. Now I work as a photojournalist in Mexico and along the border, documenting desperate situations that face everyday Mexicans. Though necessary and important, news stories don’t reflect the Mexico that I fell for and that is home to so many people I love. A task focused on the country’s natural beauty was a welcome reprieve for me.9．What can best replace the underlined word “reprieve” in Paragraph 2?A．Memory.B．Idea.C．Victory.D．Relief.12.【湖南省湖南师大附中2021届高三月考三】Clark, a rising fifth-grader who is Filipino-American, told HuffPost he's been dreaming about breaking Phelps' record ever since he started swimming competitively at age 7."I was so motivated,"Clark said about his win."I was so happy that I was able to beat that record.”Phelps competed in his first Olympics at age 15. He went on to become the most decorated Olympian in history, with 28 medals overall. “Everyone in the crowd was excited when they realized what a special swim they had just seen when we announced the long-standing record had been broken,"Cindy Rowland,Pacific Swimming's director, wrote in an email.5．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word“decorated”in Paragraph 4?A．Being popular.B．Being respected.C．Being talked about most.D．Being awarded medals.13.【辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2021届高三期末】The artists of Creative Growth will be on view throughout the month of August, coupled with musical performances and film screenings organized by L.A．Takedown. All proceeds from the month will benefit the artists and space. The money will be used to improve the condition of the studio and for the development of the artists. “L.A．doesn’t really have a place like Creative Growth,” Olson said, discussing his hopes for the show.14．What does the underlined word “proceeds” in the last paragraph mean?A．Activities.B．WorkC．Profits D．Arrangement14.【辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2021届高三期末】“I tested it at home and just couldn’t believe the result. I sprayed it in Sienna’ s room first and the floor was immediately silenced,” said Lanzarotti. “Eight months later, it was still silent. It felt like a huge relief. When Tracy saw the difference for the first time, her face just lit up. You can treat a couple of rooms in an hour.” he added. “It’ s a no-brainer for any parents with noisy floors, and it’ll be life-changing.”7．What do the underlined word “a no-brainer” in the last paragraph mean?A．A difficult decision.B．An unusual effort.C．A real headache.D．An easy job.15.【湖北省黄冈市2021届高三调研】I might be letting my young son watch too much television. I am certainly watching too many of his programs. They can really be perplexing as they force you to think carefully about the mysteries of life.For example, when Franklin (the turtle) wanted a pet, his parents didn’t want it to be a frog. They felt that frogs belong in a pond. Isn’t that where turtles belong?4．What does the underlined word “perplexing” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Boring.B．Humorous.C．Confusing.D．Curious.。
高三阅读理解专题(猜词)
阅读理解专题二——猜词根据上下文推断生词的词义。
一般在该词出现的上和下句子中找答案。
1.常见的词义猜测题型：T he underlined word “ … ” refers to (means) .Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?What is the meaning of “ … ” as the words are used in the text?Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?2.解题方法：（1）利用定义线索特征：常有be, be called, mean, refer to, be defined as等词语来提示。
例1[,ænθrə’pɔlədʒi]Anthropology is the scientific study of man. Anthropology means _______例2Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life. Desert refers to______.（2）利用解释说明线索特征：常有that is(to say), in other words, namely,or 等词语来提示或者利用同位语或定语从句。
例1In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water their fields.To irrigate means______.注：or=mean 表示一词语对另一词语的解释关系或为其同义词语例2His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. Zoologist refers to ________.例3 [si’mæntiks]Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. Semantics means_______.例4The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. Herdsman refers to ________.（3）利用举例线索特征：常有for example, for instance, such as, like等词语来提示。
阅读理解—猜词题的题型特点与解题技巧
阅读理解猜词的题型特点与解题技巧猜词不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,要掌握或认识较多的课外词汇.我们要学会通过构词,定义,比较,对比,因果,上下文等线索来确定词义.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词,名词,形容词等),词义猜测题的常用提问方式有:The word “…….” refers to/probably means/could best be replaced by _______.The word “……..” is most likely to mean______.What do you think the expression “……..” stands for?By saying “……..”, we mean _______.“……..” as is used in the passage can best be defined as _______.Skill1 利用构词法1. 利用构词法中的派生法（Derivation）----前缀/后缀前缀一般不改变原有的词性，只改变词义；后缀通常改变词性，但词义基本上和原来的词根意义一致。
1). When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him．2). In the world of economic globolization, different nations are becoming more and more interdependent.2. 利用构词法中的合成法（compounding）3). Child laborers in Dickens' novels were ill-treated.4). Francis Chichester sailed around the world single-handed.3. 利用构词法中的转化法（conversion）5). The author emptied all his pockets to find his ticket．6). There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd. Skill2: 利用定义/ 解释/ 举例等猜测词义1) What is plagiarism? It is using others‟ ideas and words without clearly mentioning where the information is from.2). Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.3). Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.4) Y ou may borrow from the library any periodicals: Time Magazine, News Weekly, Reade r‟s Digest , The New Y orkers.注意标点符号如: 括号( ) 冒号: 、破折号—Skill3: 利用比较、对比、因果关系1. 利用比较(近义)/并列关系——关键词有similarly, likewise, just as, also, or ,and 等。
阅读理解—猜词题
猜词练习（一）1.Fox was a university student in British Columbia when he became sick with bone cancer. Doctors had to amputate most of his right leg.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “ amputate”?A. cure ofB. cut offC. take awayD. leave2. People already use more than half of the world’s renewable fresh water.The word “ renewable” refers to the water that _______.A. is fresh and newB. can be made new againC. can be made clean and used againD. can always be replaced with new water.3. Hundreds of years ago, much of the Holland was below sea level and was often flooded by the North Sea. This made the land swampy.What does the word “ swampy” mean?A. Dry and hardB. DesertedC. Soft and wetD. Rich4. The children who have recently experienced a family breakup have a more difficult time with their study than children from normal consummate families.What does the word “consummate” mean?A. largeB. wealthyC. completeD. poor5.He met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway’s School of Adventure, where he learned about Ridgway’s cold water exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all he couldabout North Pole explorers and adventuresThe word “ exploits” is closest in meaning to __.A. journeysB. researchesC. adventuresD. operations6. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat(费马)in the seventeenth century, the theorem(定理) had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist …Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” in the text?A. To encourage people to raise questions.B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation.D. To limit people’s imagination7.Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work.By describing lions as “ opportunists”, the author means to say that lions _______A. are cruel animalsB. are clever animalsC. like to take advantage of other animalsD. like to take every chance to eat.8. The school are reluctant to take time off—even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentinagame had trouble getting the day off.The underlined word “reluctant” in the passage may probably mean___________.A. kindB. unwillingC. freeD. careless9.Early human beings used very fragile houses , and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofsfrom houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers. People’s food supplies were similarly vulnerable.The underlined word “vulnerable” in the passage means___________.A. impossible to make sure ofB. likely to be protectedC. easy to damageD. difficult to find10.Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.The word “ cultivated” roughly mean s______A. encouragedB. comparedC. examinedD. developed11. The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “exotic”?A. Messy and untidyB. Rich and expensive.C. Comfortable and calmingD. Foreign and unusual12. Fast food and fried food sell the best among students, which has led to a rise in obesity among children. What does the word “ obesity” mean?A. ViolenceB. SadnessC. OverweightD. Weakness13. As night fell on America on September the 11th, 2001, we felt grief and great sorrow.What does the word “ grief ” mean?A. DeterminationB. DisappointmentC. SadnessD. Despair猜词练习（二）1. Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.The underlined word gulf most probably means _________.A. interestB. distanceC. differenceD. separation2. The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood. Although our times together became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him at that moment. After so many years, I’m at last seeing another side of my father. And in so doing, I’m delighted with my new friend. My dad, in his new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was.The underlined words “my new friend” refer to ______.A. the author’s sonB. the author’s father B. the friend of the author’s father D. the café owner3. T ime is something from which we can’t escape. Even if we ignore it, it’s still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, “Who’s in charge?” We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.The underlined word “ally” most likely means somebody or something that is _________.A. your slave and serves youB. your supporter and helps youC. under your control and obeys youD. under your influence and follows you4. Some politicians often use this trick. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents(对手) says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” That’s true. However, and honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.” What do the underlined words “net gain” mean?A. final increaseB. big advantageC. large shareD. total saving5. When I lived for a time in London, I had a friend, He was in despair(失望)and I was in despair. But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at the time. We met every Sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things.We walked until our despairs disappeared and then we parted. We gave London to each other “Wegave London to each other” probably means ______.A. our exploration of London was a memorable gift to both of usB. we were unwilling to tear ourselves away from LondonC. our unpleasant feelings about London disappearedD. we parted with each other in London6. What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices (电子产品) as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.What does the underlined word “juggle” most probably mean?A. want to buyB. take the place ofC. use at the same timeD. seek for information from7. Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules(分子) held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP.What does “glycol-” in the underlined word “glycoprotein” mea n?A. sugarB. iceC. bloodD. moleculeBorn in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.The words “hooked on teaching” probably mean ________.A. attracted to teachingB. tired of teachingC. satisfied with teachingD. unhappy about teaching9. For cultural exposure, I involved her in our American Indian tradition. We attended and danced at Indian powwows. I signed her up for summer basketball camps and attended the awards ceremony at the end. I tried to be involved by balancing work and family. I passed up a job at a local university because of the position’s frequent out-of-state travel.The underlined phrase passed up means__________A. gave upB. took upC. looked forD. applied for10. “But, “ said Tim, “ I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”“I’m not asking you to tell me what to do, but what you think we could do. I employed you to make suggestions because I respect your experience in this field, but you are not communicating your thoughts to me.”The underlined word “presumptuous” is closest in meaning to _________.A. full of respectB. too shy and quietC. lacking in experienceD. too confident and rude11. The young programmer is at home with hardware as well, thanks partly to a highly developed sense of touch. Mitzi Nowakowski, an office manager at InteliData, remembers how he easily disconnected and reconnected their computer systems during a move last year. “ Through feel, Suleiman can find the position of connectors, pins and wires much faster than most other people with sight.” He says.The underlined part “is at home with hardware” means__________.A. is fond of computer hardwareB. works with computer hardware at homeC. feels comfortable when working with computer hardware.D. is good at dealing with computer hardware12. Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.The word “workout” most probably means _________.A. settlementB. exerciseC. excitementD. tiredness13. However, a lot of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet. This practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights.According to the text, what has “taken the world by storm”?A. Intellectual property rights.B. The Internet.C. Free downloading.D. The large number of songs, films and books.14. As the sun rose higher, Arizona’s famous heat seemed to roast(烘烤) us. There was no shade and our legs were aching. We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and the boys far behind. By the time we finally got back, our legs were like jelly.The und erlined expression “Our legs were like jelly” probably means .A. we were weakB. we were unhappyC. we were dissatisfiedD. we were disappointed掌握猜词技巧提升阅读能力Skill 1 1无法通过的2全球化 3 受虐待的 4 单枪匹马 5 倒空；掏空 6 挤过Skill 2 1 剽窃 2 哑剧3语义学 4 期刊；杂志Skill 3 1 健谈的 2 肥胖的3有害的；不利的 4 模仿 5 C1 傲慢的；目空一切的2 复杂的3 不同意；不赞同1 独断专行的2 浑浊的Skills 4. ABC Skill5: 1. 洞穴2. 蜿蜒爬行的；滑行的 3. 凋谢猜词练习（一）1 B 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 B 7 C 8 B 9 C 10 D 11 D 12 C 13 C猜词练习（二）1 B 2 B 3 B 4 A 5 A 6 C 7 A 8 A9 A 10 D 11 D 12 B 13 C 14 A猜词练习（三）1-9 D B C C D ；A A D B推断单词的语境意义AC A B A; B C A A D; D推断短语或句子的意思D B A D D ;D D B D C ; D C A。
阅读练习(配猜词)
构词法阅读技巧辅导之猜词训练一．根据____________猜词1. The boy had a happy family before. However, after the war, he became homeless.2. Y ou must stop dreaming and face reality.3. Training a dog to be a watchdog often produces unexpected results.4. They are also studying ways of transplanting trees from forest to cities so that the city seems greener.5. The thickness of snow in Huaibei was more than 10cm.6. Man differs most from all the other animals in their ability to learn and use language.7. Each year, an area the size of Beijing plus Shanghai disappears from the Amazon rain forest. On September 30, 2008, Brazil（巴西）announced that the rate of deforestation increased more than three times in the past year.二．据____________猜词1. Pork is the meat of pigs.2. The upper（上部的）leg is known as the thigh. .3. I love any of comedies: Mr. Bean, KongFu, Crazy Stone4. Wealthy means having lots of money.5. My mother-in-law, my husband’s mother, was a teacher6. Why does jogging -- running slowly --become so popular?7. A stunt person is a man or woman who does all the dangerous bits of acting workin films or on TV.8. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.小结：三．根据____________猜词1. My mom was a little heavy. And I was almost as plump as my mom.2. If you agree ,write ―yes‖; if you dissent, write ―no‖.3. Her friends tell Margo things that they do not want other people to know. They have foundthat Margo always keeps secrets.4. In the first few years of life, children need more than one period（一段时间）sleep. Theyusually have an afternoon nap.5. Although people in many countries consider raw meat delicious, we Chinese people don’tlike to eat any meat that is uncooked.6. My birthday was a few days ago. It was just like an ordinary day, no presents, no party, nocake…小结：四．根据____________猜词1. Tom is very rude, but his brother is quite polite.2. Lucy played the piano and her brother played the violin. Sometimes they played separatelyand sometimes they played together.3. He is one of the most loquacious men I know His brother, however, does not like to talkmuch.4. Salt was very valuable thousands of years ago, but today it is very cheap.5. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so differentfrom that inside the city.6. Mark Twain was not the author’s real name; it was a pseudonym.小结：五．根据____________猜词1.She didn’t hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in reading.2. This little animal is able to live on the desert because it needs very little water.3. When Beth was a child, her father and brother met death by drowning, naturally,She now is afraid of water.小结：六．根据____________猜词1.China is our motherland.2.Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies.3. The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.4. Children have schoolbags with two straps to carry them.5. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.6. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their guns and walked out of the homewith their hands over their heads.Homework: 真题演练One serious American official said, ―I think the relationship(关系) between those two mice was that of king(国王) and guard.‖ The others thought for a while and said, ―That was why!‖A smart French said, ―I think the relationship between those two mice was that of husband and wife.‖ Again the others thought for a while, and all felt it made sense. （朝阳期末）Question: The underlined (划线的) words ― it made sense‖ probably mean ___________.A. it was correctB. it was strangeC. it was funnyD. it was sweetA machine (named Water Mill) which makes water out of air could become the greatest household invention since the microwave.Using the same technology as a dehumidifier, the Water Mill is able to create a ready supply of drinking water by getting it from an unlimited source – the air.Question: What does the underlined word dehumidifier mean? （海淀期末）A. A machine that makes the air wet.B. A machine that makes the air dry.C. A person who invents a machine.D. A person who majors in environmental study.Although cliff diving may bring great excitement, it’s a very dangerous sport that people should be careful about. It is completely wrong to think that the diver is cushioned(缓冲) by the water below—this could not be further from the truth. （西城期末）58.Question: What does ―this could not be further from the truth‖ mean?A. There’s no doubt that this idea is definitely true.B. This idea is thought to be completely wrong.C. It depends on the real situation on the spot.D. Nobody knows whether this idea is true or not.A recent report from the Jiefang Daily says about 18% of the students in Shanghai have mental （心理）problems. They are often worried and very unhappy. Unfortunately, many of them won’t go and ask for help. Some think they will look stupid if they go to see a doctor. Others won’t talk about their secrets. （怀柔期末）Question: The underlined word ―stupid‖ in this passage means___________.A. prettyB. happyC. not cleverD. not friendlyGuo Jingming is seen more as an idol than as a writer. His handsome outlook, cross-dressing and strange actions make newspapers pay more attention to himself than his books. Many fans are eager to get his autograph.(签名）（密云期末）Question: What does the underlined word "idol" probably mean in Chinese?A. 年青人B.模特C.榜样D. 偶像Sometimes these trips are difficult and full of hardships, but they’re a lot of fun. （平谷期末）Question：What does the underlined word ―hardships‖ mean in the article?A. Something hard.B. Something poor.C. Difficulties.D. Many ships.First of all, in terms of polluting the environment, driving a car is one of the worst things a person can do.... Apart from environmental problems, depending too much on cars also creates social problems such as traffic jams（阻塞）, road accidents, and noise pollution. （石景山期末）Question：What’s the meaning of ―apart from‖ in Paragraph 3?A. Because of.B. As well as.C. Instead of.D. Together with.―Where are the restrooms?‖ and ―Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?‖ are similar requests(请求) –both are correct English, but the first could sound rude. （通州期末）Question：The word ―rude‖ in this passage means _____.A. not politeB. very friendlyC. kind enoughD. little honestOne favorite dish is jiaozi, or dumplings because their shape is like the ancient Chinese gold and silver ingot. （延庆期末）Question：What does "the gold and silver ingot" refer to?A. Money.B. A work of art.C. A kind of delicious food.D. The boat made of gold and silver.阅读原文朝阳期末One day when some government officials(官员) were rebuilding a barn(谷仓), they found a mouse hole in a corner and used smoke to make the mice(老鼠复数) inside the hole come out. A while later they saw mice running out, one after another. Then, everyone thought that all the mice had run away. But just as they began to clean up, they saw two mice squeezing(挤) out at the mouth of the hole. They did their best to get out. However, it was strange that after they came out of the hole, they did not run away immediately. Instead, one ran after the other near the mouth of the hole. It seemed that one was trying to bite the tail (尾巴) of the other.Everyone was puzzled(困惑), so they came nearer to take a look. They realized that one of the mice was blind(瞎的) and could not see anything, and the other was trying to allow the blind mouse to bite on his tail so that he could pull the blind one with him to run away.After seeing what happened, everyone said nothing and lost in thought. During the meal time, the group of people sat down in a circle and started to chat about what happened to the two mice.One serious American official said, ―I think the relationship(关系) between those two mice was that of king(国王) and guard.‖ The others thought for a while and said, ―That was why!‖A smart French said, ―I think the relationship between those two mice was that of husband and wife.‖ Again the others thought for a while, and all felt it made sense.A Japanese said, ―I think the relationship(关系) between those two mice was that of mother and son.‖ Once again the others thought for a while, and felt this was more reasonable. So they expressed agreement another time.At that moment, one Chinese asked, ―Why did those two mice have to have a certain(某种) relationship?‖Suddenly, the group looked back at the Chinese. The American official, the French and the Japanese who had spoken earlier all lowered their heads in shame, and did not answer.In fact, the true love is not built on friendship or blood(血统) relationship. Instead, it is based on no relationship.55. The two mice didn’t run away immediately because__________.A. one was playing with the otherB. one was trying to help the blind oneC. they were not afraid of smokeD. the mouth of the hole was too big56. The underlined (划线的) words ― it made sense‖ probably mean ___________.A. it was correctB. it was strangeC. it was funnyD. it was sweet57. The best title(题目) for the passage is ____________.A. Two Lovely MiceB. Help Produces LoveC. Friends In NeedD. Love Is All海淀A machine (named Water Mill) which makes water out of air could become the greatest household invention since the microwave.Using the same technology as a dehumidifier, the Water Mill is able to create a ready supply of drinking water by getting it from an unlimited source – the air.The company behind the machine says not only does it offer another choice to bottled water in developed countries, but it is a solution for the millions who face a daily water shortage.The machine takes in wet air and condenses（冷凝）it into water. It can produce up to 12 liters a day. The Water Mill will also help get more water when storms pass over, as the humidity in the air increases. In keeping with its eco-development（经济-生态均衡发展）, the machine uses the same amount of electricity as three light bulbs. Meanwhile, it is likely to cost only ￡800 when it goes on sale here in the spring. Its maker, Canadian firm Element Four, figures out (计算出) that a liter of water will cost around 20 pence to produce.It is suggested by the reports from environmentalists that half the world’s population will face water shortages because of climate change by 2080. One in five humans is said to face the situation of lacking drinking water.The Water Mill is not effective in areas with below about 30 percent relative humidity, but with average humidity in Britain of more than 70 percent that won’t be much of a problem here.55. To produce 2 liters of water with the Water Mill, it probably costs _____.A. ￡800B. ￡1600C. 20 pD. 40p56. What does the underlined word dehumidifier mean?A. A machine that makes the air wet.B. A machine that makes the air dry.C. A person who invents a machine.D. A person who majors in environmental study.57. What can we infer from the passage?A. The Water Mill hardly produces much water in desert area.B. The Water Mill will produce more water when storms come over.C. The Water Mill can totally solve the problem of lacking water.D. The Water Mill offers another choice to bottled water in developing countries.西城Although cliff diving may bring great excitement, it’s a very dangerous sport thatpeople should be careful about. It is completely wrong to think that the diver is cushioned(缓冲) by the water below—this could not be further from the truth. When jumping from a cliffthat is over 70 feet high, a diver hits the water at over 46 mph (miles per hour). Such highspeeds make the point of contact feel like a wall, so the diving skills are very important.Professional divers are trained and well-prepared to make dives. However, non-professionals should never dive because a diver’s body position(体位) at the time of contacting water is very important to his or her safety. Because of the great danger, divers should always seriously think about their skills before trying any moves.Although there is no truly safe way to jump off a cliff, non-professional divers are encouraged to pencil dive. To do a pencil dive, the jumpers leap their feet first off the cliff, keep arms at their sides with legs together and pointing downward. The diver should keep the body tight and vertical(垂直的). This is safer because it makes the point of contact smaller when the diver enters the water and puts less stress(压力) on the body.Wearing a wet suit while diving will result in less pain. So it is wise for new divers to wear wet suits. But professional divers suggest staying away from water shoes. Although wearing shoes might seem like a good idea, they actually increase the force of impact(冲击力) because they increase the surface area of the diver at impact. The increased force of impact puts stress on a diver’s body and can lea d to broken bones. Without a doubt, diving without shoes is the safer way to go.Besides the height, speed, water depth and body position, it is also important for divers to make wise decisions when they are thinking about diving. Cliff diving tests both a person’s physical and mental(心理的) skills, so it is never a good idea to jump with a sudden idea. A person needs to be of sound mind and in good health to even think about a dive. One should never try a dive if he has drunk wine. What’s more, a person should never make someone who is not feeling 100% confident dive.59.What does ―this could not be further from the truth‖ mean?A. There’s no doubt that this idea is definitely true.B. This idea is thought to be completely wrong.C. It depends on the real situation on the spot.D. Nobody knows whether this idea is true or not.60.Why didn’t professional divers suggest wearing shoes? Because wearing shoes can__________.A. put more weight on to the diverB. cause the diver to feel uncomfortableC. make the point of contact biggerD. certainly lead to broken bones61.According to the passage, a good cliff diver should be __________.A. well-prepared and skillfulB. professional and strongC. creative and smartyD. confident and brave怀柔Mr Ma, a famous psychiatrist(精神病学家) doctor from Beijing once said at an important meeting, ―These days many young people have emotional（情绪的）problems. Some students worry because they have to study very hard. Others have trouble getting on well with the people around them like their parents and classmates. Parents and teachers should be more concerned about this problem. ‖Then Mr Ma gave some examples. One patient, a middle school student from Xi’an was doing badly in his lessons. He thought his teachers and friends often laughed at him, and he became so nervous and worried that one night he left his home without telling his parents. Another student, a 14-year-old schoolgirl from Shanghai, was very afraid of exams. When she was taking an exam, she couldn’t think of anything to write.A recent report from the Jiefang Daily says about 18% of the students in Shanghai have mental（心理）problems. They are often worried and very unhappy. Unfortunately, many of them won’t go and ask for help. Some think they will look stupid if they go to see a doctor. Others won’t talk about their secrets.At the end of the meeting, Mr Ma gave the following advice:Talk to your parents and teachers often.Take part in group activities.Try to get on well with the people around you.Go to see a doctor if you often feel unhappy.57. Students who often become worried or have trouble getting on with others may have __________ .A. no parentsB. no secretsC. poor memoriesD. emotional problems58. The underlined word ―stupid‖ in this passage means___________.A. prettyB. happyC. not cleverD. not friendly59. Some people with mental problems won’t ask for help because_______ .A. they don’t want to tell their secrets to anyone elseB. their parents are too busy to look after themC. doctors can’t help them with their problemsD. they can deal with the problems themselves60. According to Mr Ma’s suggestions, which of the following is a good idea?A. Children should live with their parents.B. It’s helpful for people to see a doctor every day.C. It’s useful for students to keep quiet in class.D. Y oung people should take part in group activities.密云Guess who is the most successful young writer in China? It is 24-year-old Guo Jingming, who earned $1.4 million last year, according to the New York T imes.Guo started his writing career in high school when he won first prize in a national writing contest in 2001.His first book, City of Fantasy, came out soon after the contest and went on to sell more than 1.5million copies.Almost all Guo’s novels include a shy hero who gets good grades. He mostly writes about the sad feelings of his young characters. These teenagers deal with loneliness by sitting alone for long hours under trees or on rooftops."Xiaosi( Guo's nickname), I will always be with you!" A reader wrote in Guo's blog." My main goal is to tell the story well and make everyone like it,"Guo said.In fact ,Guo is seen more as an idol than as a writer. His handsome outlook, cross-dressing and strange actions make newspapers pay more attention to himself than his books. Many fans are eager to get his autograph.(签名）But today he faces what may be more dangerous threat :even younger writers. The past few years have seen the rise of a group of teenage writers, sometimes called the "Post-- 90" generation. However Guo seems to have plans to meet them. Next year, he will hold a national competition for these rivals(对手）55. What does the underlined word "idol" probably mean in Chinese?A. 年青人B.模特C.榜样D. 偶像56. Who will compete with Guo in the following years?A. Famous writers.B. The "Post-90" writers.C. Some readers.D. A shy hero.57. Which is WRONG according to the passage?A. There is a shy hero who gets good grades in most of his novels.B. Many fans want to get his autograph.C. Guo wants to make every reader like his story.D. He wants to earn money through competition.平谷Adventure V acationsPeople like different kinds of vacations. Some go camping. They swim, fish, cook over a fire, and sleep outside. Others like to stay at a hotel in an exciting city. They go shopping all day and go dancing all night. Or maybe they go sightseeing to places such as Disneyland, the Taj Maha.Some people are bored with sightseeing trips. They don’t want to be ―tourists.‖ They want to have an adventure - a surprising and exciting trip. They want to learn something. How can they do this? Some travel companies and environmental groups are planning special adventures. Sometimes these trips are difficult and full of hardships, but they’re a lot of fun. One organization, Earthwatch, sends small groups of volunteers to different parts of theworld. Some volunteers spend two weeks and study the environment. Others work with animals.Do you enjoy animals in sea? Y ou can spend two to four weeks in Hawaii. There, you can teach language to dolphins. Dolphins can follow orders such as ―Bring me the large ball.‖They also understand opposites. How much more can they understand? It will be exciting to learn about these intelligent animals.Would you like an adventure in the Far North? A team of volunteers is leaving from Murmansk, Russia. The leader of this trip is a professor from Alaska. He’s worried about chemicals from factories. He and the volunteers will study this pollution in the environment. If you like exercise and cold weather, this is a good trip for you.Do you want a very diffferent vacation? Do you want to travel far, work hard, and learn a lot? Then an Earthwatch vacation is for you.( ) 46 Why are some people bored with sightseeing trips?A. Because they want to be ―tourists‖.B. Because they want to be surprised and excited.C. Because they want to learn something.D. Both B and C.( ) 47. What does the underlined word ―hardships‖ mean in the article?A. Something hard.B. Something poor.C. Difficulties.D. Many ships.( ) 48. How many places does the article suggest going to?A. Two.B. One.C. Three.D. Four.石景山―Everybody in this city wants a car, and I’m no different. A car brings with it the freed om to travel‖, said a friend of mine while reading a car magazine. I might not agree with him, but he was probably speaking for a fast growing number of middle-class Chinese. While it is true that all the waiting, walking, being part of a crowd are somewhat unpleasant, there are many problems which can develop when our lives depend too much on this invention.First of all, in terms of polluting the environment, driving a car is one of the worst things a person can do. Beijing now finds itself at the top of the list of the most polluted capital cities in the world with Mexico City in the second place. Research also shows that by 2010 around 90% of total pollutants in Shanghai will have come from cars. These pollutants are extremely dangerous to our health. They can damage（损害）the lungs, cause cancers （癌症）and damage the brain.Apart from environmental problems, depending too much on cars also creates social problems such as traffic jams（阻塞）, road accidents, and noise pollution. The jeeps that proudly drive through the narrow hutongs in Beijing as if they are in a race often make me angry, and to make it worse, these drivers seldom respect the people who ride bicycles.Of course we cannot forget the advantages that cars bring us when we need to travel far and to save time, but I often find it faster to cycle from one place to another within the city of Beijing, especially with the growing traffic jams.Since people travel further and more often than before, cars will certainly be important in the future. At the same time, however, let us work hard to make sure that this invention brings us a more convenient（方便的）lifestyle rather than trouble and illnesses.54. What’s the meaning of ―apart from‖ in Paragraph 3?A. Because of.B. As well as.C. Instead of.D. Together with.55. What’s the writer’s idea in Paragraphs 4 and 5?A. Bicycles will disappear in the future.B. We should all give up cars and ride bicycles.C. Cars are only convenient for people traveling far.D. We should make good use of cars according to the situation.56. What’s the passage mainly about?A. Traffic jams.B. Social problems.C. Environmental problems.D. Problems brought about by cars.Asking for information or help is a very common and necessary activity, especially when we visit a foreign country. So knowing how to ask for information politely is important. In English, ―Where are the restrooms?‖ and ―Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?‖ are similar requests(请求) – both are correct English, but the first could sound rude. It’s important to use correct language, but sometimes this alone is not enough – we need to learn how to be polite when we make requests.In English, just like in Chinese, we change the way we speak when talking with different people. The expressions you use might depend on whom you are speaking to or how well you know them. If you say to your teacher, ―Where is my book?‖ this will sound rude. But if you say, ―Excuse me, Mr West. Do you know where my book is?‖ your question will sound much more polite. On the other hand, it might be all right to say ―Where is my book?‖ in some situations, perhaps with people you know well.And you would not usually say, ―Peter, lend me your pen.‖ A very direct order(直接命令) like this can sound rude in English. Usually in English polite questions are longer and include extra(附加的) language such as ―Could you please…?‖or ―Can I ask…?‖It sounds more polite to say, ―Peter, could you please lend me your pen?‖Sometimes we might even need to spend some time leading in to a question or request. For example, if you stop a stranger in the street, we might first say, ―Excuse me. I wonder if you can help me‖ or ―I’m sorry to trouble you but,‖ before asking them for help.It might seem that speaking politely is more difficult than being direct, and in a way this may be true. However, in order not to offend(冒犯) people, learning about language etiquette(规范、规矩) is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary. And doing this will also help you become better at English, or any other language you wish to speak.( )41. The word ―rude‖ in this passage means _____.A. not politeB. very friendlyC. kind enoughD. little honest( )42. From the message, we can infer the writer ____.A. is good at asking for informationsB. thinks being direct is nothing importantC. knows much about spoken languageD. is used to speaking polite language( )43. What’s the main idea of the passage?A. Correct language is as important as polite language.B. How to start a polite talking with strange people.C. People should speak politely instead of being direct.D. When and how to use polite language is important.延庆Of all the traditional Chinese festivals, the New Y ear is perhaps the most colorful and important. This is a time to finish out the old, and to welcome in the new. Common expressions are: guonian (to have made it through the old year), and bainian (to congratulate the New Y ear).The Chinese New Y ear is celebrated on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar. It can be as early as January 21st or as late as February 19th on the solar calendar. Like the western Thanksgiving, the New Y ear's Eve dinner is a time for all members of the family to gather together. There are dishes to symbolize health, wealth and good fortune. One favorite dish is jiaozi, or dumplings because their shape is like the ancient Chinese gold and silver ingot. People hide a coin in one dumpling while cooking. The person who ends up with the coin is the luckiest one.Y ou may stay up late or even go without sleep on New Y ear's Eve. This is called shousui—keeps the age. People watch special New Y ear's Eve programs on TV, play cards, chat and enjoy being around with their families. Children get red envelopes with good luck money in them.As soon as the clock strikes twelve, firecrackers can be heard everywhere. People used to believe firecrackers and red clothing could frighten away the monster. Now these have become the signs for a prosperous and happy New Y ear! （245words）51. What does "the gold and silver ingot" refer to?A. Money.B. A work of art.C. A kind of delicious food.D. The boat made of gold and silver.52. Who is the luckiest person at the New Y ear's Eve dinner?A. The child who gets red envelopes.B. The oldest person of the family.C. The one who gets the dumpling with a coin in it.D. The one who sets off firecrackers.53. When do people set off firecrackers?A. When it gets dark.B. Early in the morning.C. Right after twelve o'clock of New Y ear's Eve.D. Right before eleven o'clock of New Y ear's Eve.答案Bad 55. D56. B 57. A B C A dcad 55. D 56. B 57. D dca bdd 41. A 42. C 43. D 51-53. A C C。
阅读猜词方法
英语阅读猜词技巧阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。
我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。
一、解释猜词：1．根据定义猜词: 如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义Eg: anthropology is the scientific study of man. ____________________P: In slang the term "jam" constitutes(被视为、构成) a state of a human being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.从上下文的定义可知jam一词的意思是________。
定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, constitute等。
2.根据复述猜测词义虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使我们猜出生词词义。
复述部分可以是词、短语或是从句。
Eg: Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. _____________在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。
P: Capacitance, the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits(电路). _______________需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i. e. 等副词或短语出现。
高考阅读理解——猜词题
Nitrogen(氮)and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi(真 菌)networks,making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy.This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons(神经元)in our brains,and when one tree is destroyed,it affects all.
to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their
高考阅读理解之词义猜测题库
猜测词义技巧之-----通过上下文进行猜测( 学案)班级__________ 姓名_______________ Step Ⅰ、Lead in(2011·湖南卷C篇)…The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists. …67. The underlined word “divergence” in paragraph 4 means “______”.A. evolutionB. exhibitionC. separationD. examinationStep Ⅱ、Presentation●词义猜测题常见的考查形式：1) The phrase “…” in the sentence could be replaced by _________.2) The world “…” in the paragraph refers to ______.3) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does theunderlined word mean?4) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase”…”?5) The world “…” most nearly means ______ .6) What do you think the expression “…” stand for?…●考点诠释猜词是英语阅读的重要技巧，也是高考中常考的题型，在数量上通常至少有道题。
阅读理解之猜词题
A. the PresidentB. the directorC. an actorD.a look-alike
2. If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45° angle to the boat.Itneeds to be out far enough to catch the wind.
The underlined word “viable” most probably means “_______”.
A. impossibleB.practicalC. meaningfulD. successful
3. The English are often considered as unfriendly people who don't talk to strangers, but not London taxi drivers. I once asked a cabbie to describe his life to me and he didn't stop talking until I arrived home half an hour later.
4) According to thБайду номын сангаас passage,... probably means.
5) The author uses the word... to mean.
高考英语关于阅读理解中的猜词悟义题
专题复习：关于阅读理解中的猜词悟义题近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查，猜测词悟义的能力，即掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这是考生英语阅读理解能力的一个重要组成部分。
这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所必须具备的能力。
这类题主要考查考生对文中的重点词句的理解，要求考生对文章中的个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或推测其义。
常用的问题形式：1. He underlined word（phrase）in the passage means ________________．2. The word "it（them）"in the first paragraph refers to _____________．3. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _____________．4. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？5. What does（do）the underlined word（words）refer to？6. According to the passage, “…” probably means ______________.7. The author uses the word “…” to mean __________.8. The underlined word/phrase/team “…”means ______________.9. The word “…” in paragraph …refers to __________.10. What does “…” in the second paragraph stands for?11. The sentence “…” means _______________.例如:Apple trees may grow as tall as 12 metres and they grow best in areas that have cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.The underlined word “ yielded” most probably means__________.A. soldB. boughtC. improvedD. producedAnother source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed down form father to son, or mother to daughter, of old country customs, of folklore. All this is very difficult for a college student to examine, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants form wild grass. The college student should learn to realize and remember how much of real value science has found in this wide, confused wilderness and how often scientific discoveries of what had existed in this area long ago.In this paragraph the phrase “this wide, confused wilderness”refers to _________.A. personal experienceB. wild weeds among good plantsC. the information from the parentsD. the vast store of traditional practices猜词悟义方法：一、针对性解释针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。
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英语阅读理解专题指导－猜测词义题在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。
这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。
这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。
事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。
近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
常见的题干有：1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？2) The word... could best be replaced by.3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).4) According to the passage,... probably means.5) The author uses the word... to mean.猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：一是针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。
这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等>或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
例1.Do you know what a territory is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own.（2005年湖北卷）[分析]由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：动物的地盘。
例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．（2005年浙江卷）[分析]由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：一种濒临灭绝野猫。
例3. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （2004年福建卷）According to the passage ,The Pines is a .A．place in which you can see many mobile homesB．mountain where you can get a good view of the valleyC．town which happens to be near the Banff National ParkD．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food[分析]通过whose引导的定语从句，我们可以推测到：The Pines 是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：D。
例4. There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）.61. What is ARICEPT？（C）A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’sB. A medicine to delay signs of aging.C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s.D. A medicine to cure brain damage.例5. Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces.（1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D）A. place in which you can see many mobile homesB. mountain where you can get a good view of the valleyC. town which happens to be near the Banff National ParkD. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food2.根据举例猜测词义某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来引出，如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如for example, for instance, such as, and so on, just as, like, similarity 等连接词或词组。
eg. 1. You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, News Week, Times and The listener. ____期刊_______2. Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles. （几何）例4. The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.（2004年辽宁卷）[分析]根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指议题。
二是内在逻辑关系根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。
1.根据对比、比较关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。
表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。
表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。
同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。
表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
例5.A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.What does the underlined word hassle (paragraph 1) probably mean? （2002年NMET）A.a party designed by specialistsB.a plan requiring careful thoughtC.a situation causing difficulty or troubleD.a demand made by guests[分析]根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
例6.Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。
由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是健谈的。
2.根据因果关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
例7.feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what todo .（2005年上海卷）The word presumptuous in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to .A．full of respect B．too confident and rude C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet [分析]根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（既然你是我的上司），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：冒失的，放肆的意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。