科技英语论文
专业英语科技论文写作
Structure arrangement and writing Structure
Title Authors and Address Abstract Key words Where do I start?
Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion & Conclusion
NDD----New drug discovery 新药发现 NDC----New drug candidate 候选药物 LC---Leading compound 先导化合物 HTS---High-throughput screening 高通量筛选 NCE---new chemical entities 新颖化学实体 Me-too 模仿类药物 IND---Investigational new drug 申请作为临床研究新药 NDA---New drug application 申请作为注册新药 CRF----Case report form 病例报告表 ICF----Informed consent form 知情同意书 IB-----Investigator’s Brochure 研究者手册 CRO---Contract research organization 合同研究组织 QC-----Quality control QA----- Quality assurance TCM----Traditional Chinese Medicine OTC----Over The Counter 非处方药
刊物的宗旨和范围； 各栏目论文的长度、章节的顺序安排, 等；
采取何种体例格式? 如: 页边距、纸张大小、参 考文献的体例、图表的准备、等； 履行何种形式的同行评议?
科技论文写作英语写作
Research Reports for Business and Technical WritingWayneLosanoA surprising amount of one's time as a student and professional is spent reporting the results of one's research projects for presentation to teachers, managers, and clients. Indeed, without basic research skills and the ability to present research results clearly and completely, an individual will encounter many obstacles inschool and onthejob.The need for some research-writingability isfelt nearly equally by college students in all fields, engineering and science as well as business and the humanities.Graduate study oftenmakes great demands onthe student's research-writingskills,and most professions continue the demand;education, advertising and marketing, economics and accounting, science and engineering, psychology, anthropology, the arts, and agriculture may all require regular reporting of research data.ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPERThe standard researchreport,regardless of the field or the intended reader,contains four major sections. These sections may be broken down into a variety of subsections, and they may be arranged in a variety of ways, but they regularly make up the core of the report.Problem Section. The first required section of a research report is the statement of the problem with which the research project is concerned.This sectionrequires a precise statement of the underlyingquestionwhichtheresearcher has set out to answer. In this same section there should be anexplanation of the significance - social, economic, medical, psychological, educational,etc.-of the question;inother words,why the investigationwas worth conducting. Thus, if we set out, for example, to answer the question "What is the effect of regular consumption of fast foods on the health of the American teenager?" we must explain that the question is thought to have significant relevance tothe healthof this segment of the'populationandmight leadtosomesort of regulations on such foods.A frequent subsection of this problem section is a review of past research on the topic being investigated. This would consist of summaries of the contributions of previous researchers tothe questionunder considerationwithsome assessmentof the value of these contributions. This subsection has rhetorical usefulness inthat it enhances the credibility of the researcher by indicating that the data presented is based ona thoroughknowledge of what has beendone inthe fieldand, possibly, grows out of some investigative tradition.Procedures Section. The second major sectionof the researchreport details,with as much data as possible, exactly how the study was carried out. This section includes descriptionof any necessary equipment,how the subjects were selectedifsubjects were used, what statistical technique was used to evaluate the significance of the findings, how many observations were made and when, etc. An investigationof the relative effectiveness of various swim-strokes would have todetail the number of swimmers tested, the nature of the tests conducted, theexperience of the swimmers, the weather conditions at the time of the tests, andany other factors that contributed to the overall experiment. The goal of the procedures section is to allow the reader to duplicate the experiment if such were desired to confirm, or refute, your findings.Results Section. The third, and perhaps most important, section of the research report is the presentation of the results obtained from the investigation. The basic rule inthis sectionis to give all data relevant to the researchquestioninitially asked. Although, of course, one's natural tendency might be to suppressany findings which do not in some way support one's hypothesis, such dishonesty is antithetical to good research reporting in any field. If the experiments undertaken fail to prove anything, if the data was inadequate or contrary to expectations, the report should be honestly writtenand as complete as possible,just as it would be if the hypothesis were totally proven by the research.Discussion Section . The final required section of a research report is a discussion of the results obtained and a statement of any conclusions which may be drawnfromthose results. Of primary interestinbusiness andtechnical researchreports is the validity of the results as the bases for company decisions: Will ourplanned construction project meet federal environmental guidelines and beapproved for building? Will this new program attract skilled personnel to our werethey validly obtained, arethey completeor limited, arethey applicableover awiderangeof circumstances? Thediscussion section should also point out what discussion section of theresearch report must evaluatetheresearch results fully:Thus, the company? Will this new oil recovery technique be financially feasible?questions remain unansweredandperhaps suggest directions for further research.STYLE OF RESEARCH REPORTSResearch reports are considered formal professional communication. As such, thereis li t leemphasis ona lively style,although,of course,thereis noobjectiontowriting that is pleasing and interesting. The primary goals of professional communication are accuracy, clarity, and completeness. The rough draft of any researchreport shouldbe editedtoensure that all data is correctly presented,thatall equipmentis listed,thatall results areproperly detailed.As anaidtothereader,headings indicating at least the major sections of the report should be used, and all data should be presented under the proper headings. In addition to their function of suggesting to the reader the contents of each section, headings enhance the formal appearance and professional quality of the report, increase to some degree the writer's credibility by reflecting a logical and methodical approach to the reporting process, and eliminate the need for wordy transitional devices between sections.Researchdata should be presented ina way that places proper emphasis onmajor aspects of the project.For different readers different aspects will take on different degrees of importance, and some consideration should be given to structuringresearchreports differently for different audiences.Management,forexample,will be most concerned withthe results of a researchproject,and thusthe results section should be emphasized, probably by presenting it immediately after the problemsection and before the procedures section.Other researcherswould be most interested in the procedures section, and this should be highlighted in writing up research projects for publication in professional journals or for presentation at professional conferences. For non-technical readers and federal agencies, the implications of the results might be the most important consideration, and emphasis should be placed on the discussion of the report for this readership.For additional clarity and emphasis, major results should be presented in a visual format - tables, charts, graphs, diagrams - as well as in a verbal one.Beyond checking the report for clarity and accuracy in the presentation of technical data,the author of a researchreport shouldreview for basic grammaticaland mechanical accuracy. Short sentences are preferable to long in the presentation of complex information. Listings should be used to break up long passages of prose and to emphasize information.The research writer should try to use the simplest possible language without sacrificing the professional quality of the report. Although specialized terms can be used, pretentious jargon should be avoided.A finishedre115searchreportshouldbe a readable anduseful documentprepared with the reader in mind.CONCLUSIONAlthough we struggle with research reports in high school, dread them in college, and are often burdened by them in our professional lives, learning to live comfortably withthemis a relatively easy task.A positive attitude(i.e.,one thatsees the oral or written presentation of research results as of equal importance to the data-gatheringprocess);anorderly approachwhichincludes prewriting(i.e.,before any actual researchis done,the researcher shouldtry togetdownonpaperas much about the subject under investigation as possible) and a formal research reportstructure as the framework for the investigation;anda reasonable approachto the actual writingprocess includingeditingfor accuracy and clarity,will helpone to produce effective research reports efficiently.。
英语科技类作文范文
英语科技类作文范文English:In the realm of technology, innovations have vastly improved our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and automation have led to more efficient and convenient ways of completing tasks. For instance, the rise of smart devices like smartphones and virtual assistants has made information accessible at our fingertips, enabling us to stay connected and informed. Moreover, technological breakthroughs in healthcare have revolutionized the medical field, from precision medicine to robotic surgeries, enhancing patient care and outcomes. In addition, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching methods, providing interactive learning experiences and personalized instruction for students. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, the future holds endless possibilities for further innovation and progress.Translated content:在科技领域，创新大大改善了我们的日常生活，改变了我们与世界沟通、工作和互动的方式。
《科技小论文》初三英语作文
《科技小论文》初三英语作文When I was in primary school, I read a thought-provoking question in a science newspaper: "Which of the following items is most likely to explode at a gas station? 1. Cell phone 2. Nylon clothes." At that time, I chose the cell phone without hesitation because everyone warned that cell phones should not be used at gas stations. I didn't pay much attention to the nylon clothes, after all, it was just an ordinary piece of clothing and should not have much impact.It wasn't until one day when I was watching "Mythbusters" on TV that I realized that cell phones don't actually cause explosions. In the show, they first prepared a table covered with oil, then placed four cell phones on the table, and then the staff retreated about 50 meters away. The preparations for the first experiment were completed. Next, four staff members dialed their cell phones at the same time. Although the ringing of the phone could be clearly heard, there was no explosion at the scene. Some people may wonder whether the vibration or sound of the cell phone will cause an explosion? In fact, these will not cause an explosion. This is because the so-called sparks generated by incoming cell phone calls and then detonating the oil and gas dispersed in the air are only theoretical speculations. They are only possible under extremely harsh conditions, and are almost impossible in real life.However, if it was a nylon shirt, the situation might be different. Then, they conducted another experiment to prove that nylon shirts can cause explosions. First, they did the same thing and sprinkled oil all over the table.Next, they fixed one end of a long wire on the oily table, then pulled the wire about 90 meters away from the table and asked a staff member to wear a nylon shirt. In this way, the preparations for the second experiment were also completed. Next, the staff member held the wire with his left hand and rubbed the clothes up and down violently with his right hand. After rubbing for a while, he extended his right index finger to one end of the wire, and the current could be seen on the TV screen. After just one second, a violent explosion occurred on the other side of the table. The reason is that nylon shirts are chemical fiber products, and static electricity is easily generated by a little friction, so it is very dangerous to enter a gas station wearing nylon shirts.Through this experiment, I deeply realized the importance of scientific knowledge. We should maintain our curiosity and thirst for knowledge in science in our daily lives. Only through continuous learning and exploration can we better understand the world and protect ourselves. At the same time, we must also realize that some seemingly ordinary objects or behaviors may hide potential dangers. We should remain vigilant and comply with relevant safety regulations.In addition, this experiment also reminds us to maintain rational and critical thinking when facing various information. We should not easily believe certain statements just because of traditional concepts or personal experience, but should verify and judge them through scientific methods and evidence. Only in this way can we better distinguish the true from the false, avoid misunderstandings, and make wise decisions.In short, this experiment has benefited me a lot. It not only taught me about the safety of using mobile phones and nylon clothes at gas stations,but also made me understand the power and importance of science. I believe that as long as we continue to pursue knowledge and have the courage to explore, we will be able to better cope with various challenges in life and protect the safety of ourselves and others.。
科技英语作文
科技英语作文In the 21st century, technology has become an integral partof our daily lives, and its influence is particularlyprofound in the field of education. The advent of theinternet, smartphones, and various educational software has revolutionized the way we learn and teach.One of the most significant impacts of technology oneducation is the shift towards personalized learning. Withthe help of intelligent systems, educators can now tailortheir teaching methods to meet the individual needs of each student. This approach not only enhances the learning experience but also improves the overall effectiveness of education.Another key aspect is the accessibility of information. The internet has opened up a vast repository of knowledge that is available at the click of a button. Students can now research topics in depth, access scholarly articles, and even take online courses from prestigious institutions around the world.Moreover, technology has also facilitated collaborative learning. With tools like video conferencing andcollaborative platforms, students can work together on projects, share ideas, and learn from their peers, regardless of geographical boundaries.However, the integration of technology in education alsopresents challenges. There is a digital divide where not all students have equal access to technological resources. Additionally, the over-reliance on technology can sometimes lead to a decrease in critical thinking and problem-solving skills.In conclusion, technology has brought about significant changes in the education sector. It has the potential to enhance learning outcomes, but it is crucial to address the challenges it presents to ensure that all students can benefit from these advancements. As we move forward, it is essential for educators and policymakers to work together to harness the power of technology for the betterment of education.。
英语科技论文写作作业
《英语科技论文写作作业》Unbending Roll Alignment and the Related Strain forBillet/Bloom Casters方坯连续拉矫辊列设计及其矫直应变分析学院：专业：姓名：学号:原文：Abstract The unbending design is one of key technologies for highly efficient continuous casting. At present, the straightening processes have been developed from solid core unbending to the one with liquid core. The latter includes single-point straightening、multi-point straightening,V AI continuous straightening and CONCAST continuous straightening. Based on the principle analysis of the continuous unbending, A computerized code has been developed via Visual Basic according to the principal of continuous unbending casting. The related unbending roll alignments have been calculated and adopted in industry casters. The coordinates of the unbending roll 、the strain and the low value of the strain rate of the solid/liquid interface during the continuous straightening are obtained, which show an ideal results for the unbending processes and can be adopted as an useful tool for the computer aided design.Key words continuous straightening, multi-point straightening, billet/bloom, unbending strain译文：摘要铸坯矫直方式是高效连铸技术中关键技术之一。
英文科技论文写作(专业英语)
更新或改进；基础研究着重理论上的新见解，计算方法的另 辟新径
• 学术性
• 透过对所研究的客体外象的观测，分析探讨其内在本质，将感性认 识进行理论上的深化； • 切忌将一连串现象无分析归纳的无序堆砌，而将论文写成实验报告 或工作总结。
• 真实性
• 错误、虚假、失实将导致论文科学性和学术性的丧失，甚至可能涉 嫌有剽窃行为； • 不凭主观臆断和好恶随意舍取数据和素材，引证他人成果必须给出 出处，但只提取与文章密切相关的重要信息用以引证，
References
• 要按所投杂志规定的格式准确书写。
• 卷号、期数、页数、年份等一定要核对 无误。
一些常见的技术问题
• 不宜使用长句子及不常见的词汇。 • 主从复合句必须有从句也有主句。 • 正确使用名词的单复数
• 不及物动词不可用被动语态。如不可用：was appeared， was occurred等。 • 不宜使用省略式词汇。如：does’nt, should’nt 等。 • 在两个或数个并列成分的最后两个中间加and 连接。
Results and discussion
• 实验结果是整篇论文的基础，因此必须用明白、 流畅的语言陈述你所得到的结果。 • 要求
– 数据及图表的内容及含义交代清楚，有条理；
– 对数据及现象的归纳、演绎、解释、立论要有逻辑 性、自洽性。
– 语句要准确、流畅、多样化，不宜重复使用相同的 句型和词汇。
Author(s),Affiliation(s)andaddress(es)
• 姓氏和名字要弄清楚，以免发生以名代姓。
– Ji-HongZhu或JihongZhu
• 单位和地址信息准确清楚，使读者能按所列信息 顺利地与作者联系。
关于人们是否太依赖科技的英语议论文
people depend too much on technologyIs it true that people depend too much on Technology? people’s opinions on this issue may vary from person to person. Some people may think that people depend too much on technology while others hold the opposite opinion. Personally, I agree with the opinion that people depend too much on technology for three reasons.Firstly, with the rapid development of technology , we have widely applied technology to our daily life. Obviously, it makes our life easier and more convenient. In other words, technology saves us much time and energy in many ways, such as clothing, food, transportation and so on. For instance, it takes us much less time to get our destinations. Nevertheless, Thinking of convenient transportation, we would rather take a bus than walk to somewhere within even ten minutes’ride.Secondly, Frankly speaking, many of us share the same feeling that we feel uncomfortable and even anxious when we leave our mobile phones at home. What cause us to feel that way is that our great dependence on technology.Thirdly, as is known to us all, Scientists are engaged in inventing new products to make our lives easier with the development of technology.From what have mentioned above, it is not difficult to draw a conclusion that people depend too much on technology.。
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Online Learning vs. Offline LearningAbstractBecause of the 2019 novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) epidemic, online learning is popular, while the development of science and technology for online learning provides the possibility. Online learning and offline learning comparison have become a hot topic. Their advantages and disadvantages also let people think deeply.After various investigations, it is concluded that although online learning is very popular, it has also proved that offline learning is irreplaceable.Key Words: online learning ,offline learning ,advantages,disadvantages.IntroductionWith the development of online and offline learning technology, two different ways of learning have emerged. During the 2019 novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) epidemic, "suspension of classes is not suspended". Online learning has become the way of learning for many students, and online education is also highly regarded. But everything has its advantages and disadvantages. At present, both online education and offline education have advantages and disadvantages.BodyⅠ. Offline learningOffline classroom is a face-to-face teaching activity between teachers and students in a fixed classroom with the help of blackboard, chalk and multimedia courseware.Most of school education is offline teaching, which has many advantages.First of all, offline teaching is still the main way of learning at present, and the teacher is a person with professional teacher qualification after special study. Therefore, both the discipline and the level of teacher's ethics are relatively guaranteed. Secondly, face-to-face teaching between teachers and students enables students to better immerse themselves in the classroom atmosphere, which is advantageous carries on the learning activity in the students, and teachers can supervise and urge students to a certain extent. Finally, teachers and students participate in the classroom together, teachers can understand students' study condition well, and adjust the teaching content and difficulty according to the students' classroom generation classroom generation, which makes teaching more flexible.However, there are also some deficiencies in offline education.First of all, the teaching location, teaching time and teachers of offline education are fixed, but each student’s learning prefer ence and learning ability are different. Maybe students will miss class because of sick leave and personal leave, or they may not adapt to or like the teacher’s teaching methods, but they do not have too many choices, which will lead to the uneven learning effect.Secondly, the learning content of offline classroom can not be selected, which is easy to produce negative psychology and frustrate their learning enthusiasm.Finally, the offline classroom is faced with student groups rather than individual students. Teachers often only explain once, or explain more common problems. If the middle school students do not understand this time, or the teacher has already mastered the content of the teacher’s explanation, then undoubtedly, for him, the learning purpose has not been achieved.Ⅱ. Online learningAs a new teaching method, online classroom has incomparable advantages compared with traditional offline classrooms. It is precisely because of these advantages that it develops rapidly and is welcomed by the majority of the audience.First of all, the learning terminal needed for online classroom is just a computer, a mobile phone or a tablet, or even a smart TV. These terminals can meet the user’s most comfortable or convenient place and time to learn through these terminals.Secondly, the online classroom of recording and broadcasting has greater flexibility in learning time. Students can study anytime and anywhere, instead of fixed time and fixed points like offline classroom learning, which makes learners have greater flexibility in learning. It can be completely free from the impact of epidemics and other major disasters, and everyone can stay at home or study anytime and anywhere.Finally, online classroom has a large number of excellent learning resources and famous teachers from all over the country. Students can learn according to their own learning needs and personal preferences. During the epidemic period, there were many free online learning channels: for example, Beijing Digital School, Learning Power, Central Video and other websites provided a large number of free learning materials. And these online courses can be repeated or intercepted to listen, which is conducive to the realization of learning objectives. With the progress of science and technology, as well as the chang e of people’s habits, online education and training will show more and more new advantages and new advantages!Although online learning has many advantages, it has not been generally satisfied with the effect of online learning during the current epidemic.First of all, some places have clocked in, turning "non-stop schooling" into "non-stop learning", and making online learning copy of offline learning with seven classes a day. Teachers, parents, especially students, are at a loss about online learning. In reality, many students do not enter the learning state and can not make good use of this valuable learning time.In addition, there are also holiday syndrome: because the work and rest time are not as regular as in school, students are easy to stay up late, work late, study inefficiently and pay no attention. When the holiday is over, students need to adapt to the school's work and rest rules and learning intensity, and schools need to take appropriate measures to help students transition.Secondly, the content of some online education and training is superficial. Although it sounds very relaxing, even entertaining and funny, it is mixed with good and bad. Most of the online training courses are fragmented learning, focusing on fragmentation, simplification, relaxation, and even entertainment and leisure, which seriously lacks systematicness and practicality.Online training, some only 15 seconds, 59 seconds, 5 minutes, 30 minutes. Of course, life class courses also have several hours long. Of course, there are also a series of chapter based training courses. However, almost all of them are fragmentary learning, which lacks systematicness and practicality. Although it sounds easy, it can not achieve the effect of systematic learning, which is far from the real effect of closed offline education and training. Most of the time, society is impetuous, especially because of the epidemic situation. When people began to develop online education and training in a rush, many people with low strength were transformed into online anchors, live teachers and even masters. However, the content lacks real value, so it is OK to listen for entertainment and superficial learning.It is believed that many people have read The Eagle Shooting Heroes. Although Guo Jing got the common guidance of the Seven Freaks of the South , his martial arts skills were always mediocre. Later, he met Hong Qigong and Zhou Botong. With a little guidance, they immediately improved their martial arts. This shows that suitable for their own online teachers can make their own learning by leaps and bounds.Finally, with the current online education and training, some teachers intellectual property rights are difficult to get effective protection. Tiktok, Kwai, NetEase, Tencent, Taobao, Baidu and so on will also find many examples of online training platforms. Copying, plagiarizing, and matching are very serious. A good content, a good idea, and a good plan will be copied by many people in a moment. Kwai, Tiktokhas seen many as like two peas in the family. A video of maggots crawling on the shaking of the year’s Eve has seen many, many identical imitations. Plagiarism in the online training industry is also very strict.Ⅲ. Will offline education and training die out?Some people will say that in what era did they even engage in offline education and learning? Now that science and technology are very developed, the Internet is developed. Online platforms are emerging endlessly, and the era of 5g is coming. Why not all online learning? This can only show that these people actually do not understand the education and training industry. Education and training pay attention to both process and result. Online education, no matter how well you speak ,is difficult to achieve the effect of offline education. If you want to really learn well, you must have offline training and teaching. Although this epidemic can be said to be a devastating blow to the offline education and training industry, online education and training can hardly replace offline education and training.Ⅳ. Combination of online and offlineBoth online and offline learning have their own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, how to realize the mutual integration and mutual promotion of the two kinds of classroom teaching and better serve the students, learning is worth our thinking and continuous exploration. At present, the home course of multidimensional happiness curriculum developed by the school is consciously carrying out online and offline learning. In the course, both online and micro courses are explained, and students learn and explore by themselves offline. In addition, teachers timely evaluation is added to maximize the role of the course.No matter what kind of learning method or not, the purpose of existence is to provide a platform for students' learning, hoping that each student can choose his own way to lay the foundation for their own happy growth.References[1]Vincenzo Pacelli. Editorial Intelligent Learning Systems in Banking and Finance[J].智能学习系统与应用(英文),2011,3(2):55-56.[2]Kawaguchi Yuri, Nakamura Koyo, Tomonaga Masaki Colour matters more than shape for chimpanzees’ recognition of developmental face changes[J] Scientific Reports, 2020, 10(1)[3]教学时间碎片化对生物化学实验的影响及课程设置思考[J]. 周杰,吕明,闫国栋,孟庆繁,刘艳,滕利荣. 生命的化学. 2018(02)。