科技英语论文
科技运用在教育的利弊(英文论文)
科技运用在教育的利弊(英文论文)With the rapid advancement of technology, it is undeniable that it has greatly influenced the field of education. In recent years, the integration of technology into classrooms has become a common occurrence, revolutionizing the way students learn and teachers teach.Firstly, technology has made learning more interactive and engaging. Gone are the days of traditional chalk and talk methods. Nowadays, students have access to a vast array of educational resources, such as online textbooks, interactive learning platforms, and educational apps. These tools enable students to explore concepts in a more personalized and interactive manner, enhancing their understanding and retention of knowledge.Secondly, technology has expanded the boundaries of education beyond the classroom walls. Through the internet, students can now access educational materials and resources from all over the world. They can participate in online courses, communicate with experts in various fields, and collaborate with students from different countries. This globalconnectivity broadens their horizons and fosters a deeper understanding of different cultures and perspectives.However, it is worth noting that technology should be used as a tool, not a substitute for effective teaching. While technology can enhance the learning experience, it cannot replace the guidance and expertise of a qualified teacher. Therefore, it is crucial for educators to strike a balance between traditional teaching methods and the integration of technology.In conclusion, technology has undoubtedly reshaped the landscape of education. Its impact can be seen in the way students learn and teachers teach. By embracing technology and utilizing it effectively, we can harness its potential to create a more engaging and inclusive learning environment for students.。
英语科技类作文范文
英语科技类作文范文English:In the realm of technology, innovations have vastly improved our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and automation have led to more efficient and convenient ways of completing tasks. For instance, the rise of smart devices like smartphones and virtual assistants has made information accessible at our fingertips, enabling us to stay connected and informed. Moreover, technological breakthroughs in healthcare have revolutionized the medical field, from precision medicine to robotic surgeries, enhancing patient care and outcomes. In addition, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching methods, providing interactive learning experiences and personalized instruction for students. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, the future holds endless possibilities for further innovation and progress.Translated content:在科技领域，创新大大改善了我们的日常生活，改变了我们与世界沟通、工作和互动的方式。
科技英语论文（合集5篇）
科技英语论文（合集5篇）第一篇：科技英语论文浅谈科技英语的翻译技巧沈声松摘要本文从科技英语的特点及其内在特征出发，从四个方面(科技英语的翻译准则，正确理解原文、词义的选择和确定，以及科技英语与工程实践相结合)论述了科技英语的翻译技巧。
关键词科技英语翻译准则翻译技巧工程实践科技英语（English for Science and Technology）诞生于20世纪50年代，是第二次世界大战科学技术迅猛发展的产物，它具有客观、准确、严密的特点。
近年来，随着科技信息的大量引进，科技英语的翻译已成为翻译领域的重要组成部分之一。
以前人们存在有失偏颇的认识导向：以为科技翻译比较单纯，只要对号入座将原文译出就算完成了译事。
其实科技英语翻译并非想象的那样简单。
众所周知，翻译牵涉到两种语言，而每种语言各有其特殊的词汇组成、语法结构、及内在特征差异等，所以翻译一件作品实际上是一种再创作。
18世纪英国作家蒂特勒（Tytler）曾经说过“翻译是一门艺术，也是一门科学”。
作为科学，它必然有内在的规律；作为艺术，它需要有高超的技巧。
要真正做好简明、正确、恰当的科技英语翻译工作，就必须要掌握一定的翻译技巧。
笔者试从以下四个方面浅谈科技英语的翻译技巧。
领会科技英语的翻译准则正确理解原文词义的选择与确定科技翻译要与工程实践相结合领会科技英语的翻译准则科技英语主要是述说实理、描写现象、推导公式、论证规律，其特点是结构严谨、逻辑严密、行文规范、用词准确、技术术语正确。
针对科技英语的这些特点，在翻译科技英语时，首先考虑的就是忠实原文，著名翻译家严复一直倡导“信、达、雅”，“信”即“忠实”，也就是要完整地、准确地表达原作的思想内容，这是科技英语翻译的首要要求；其次要讲究的就是“达”，即通顺。
著名学者傅雷先生曾指出：“理想的译文仿佛是原作者的中文写作。
”海外学者钱歌川先生也指出“科技英语的翻译虽不像小说那样要求雅致优美，姿态横生，也不像翻译诗歌那样要求抑扬顿挫，押韵合辙，但要求至少文从字顺，明白流畅。
关于科技的英语作文（精选12篇）
关于科技的英语作文（精选12篇）关于科技的英语作文（精选12篇）作文是经过人的思想考虑和语言组织，通过文字来表达一个主题意义的记叙方法。
作文分为小学作文、中学作文、大学作文（论文）。
下面是小编整理的关于科技的英语作文（精选12篇），供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
科技的英语作文篇1technology is a necessary force in modern life. we use technology to develop economy， change our life and quicken the pace of development. without it，we might still stay in a poor society. we might have no tvs， no computers and even no lights. we might have to work by hands instead of by machines and read many books to gain new knowledge instead of XXX use of computer nets. it's believed that technology improves our life.but technology is not always a positive force in modern life. if it is not used in the right way， it may be harmful and even dangerous to people. for example，as a result of advanced technology， computer viruses have been made by some people with personal purposes，and obviously everyone knows what harm they do. we can see that under the influence of the negative effect of technology，our society may be faced with a great danger.so we should make use of the positive force of technology to develop our modern life and reduce its negative effects.科技的'英语作文篇2Nowadays, there is general trend that people engaging in technological revolutions. Nevertheless, a question has been raised, “how did the science change our living conditions”To begin with, the science can help us to relieve excessivestress and tension by providing a temporary escape from a day-to-day life. In a world that has increasingly focused on turning everyone into millionaire, to cope with the current social trend, people crave being actively involved in the larger world and widening circles. Work-related stress, for example, has become a major problem which plagues all of modern people. In the most cases, the TV or computer, which were invented by new technology in the 20th century, can not merely help us lessen stress accumulated from an individual's demanding work life but are also fun to indulge in, is a sound and viable plan.In addition to eliminating people’s tension, the development of telephone and internet has improved our life styles. In other words, the science can allow us to meet friends of diverse background by an interesting and effective means. Especially, the age of a student or, better yet, the stage of the personal development of a student has to be considered when they have no leisure time and opportunity to widen circles and learn how to interact socially and behave in a group of their peers.Finally, it is undeniable that continuously developing technologies have brought tremendous benefits, especially in learning area. Learning has in many ways become easier than has ever been before. Take learning English for example, In the past, few students owned tape recorders, and learning materials were scarce as well. But today, tape recorders get more and more inexpensive, and diversified learning materials are readily available. On the other hand, new devices, such as MP3 or MD players, are offered in market, and relevant learning materials (MP3 files) are easily and freely downloadable from the Internet.Admittedly, science revolution has some negative effects under certain circumstances. For instance, the new technologycan harm our environment. However, after balancing all the pros and cons, the above-mentioned disadvantage seems to be minor. 科技的英语作文篇321st century is the century of technology. Today, technology is everywhere. We often use several technologies ,such as computer and phone. These technologies make easier life for us.With the development of technology and science, people are getting richer. Computer will go into every household. Computer can help us to do many things, such as playing games, designing and making us easier to do things.With today's technology, the phone can do many things, such as taking photos and sending the e-mail on the phone. We needn’t write a letter. We just need to make a phone call, so you can know more and more from your friends or family.With better and faster development of science and technology people can live better. If we do not have science and technology, our life will become even worse, the world cannot become beautiful. Without technology, there would be no technology life科技的英语作文篇4Several reasons account for the change. Firstly， we are in the information age today. Computers are useful in editing and data processing， make it easier for people to communicate with each other and provide all sorts of information. Secondly，computer skills can be a competitive edge for job hunter， which stimulates students' interest in computers and encourages them to have a good command of them. Finally，as the price of computers drops sharply recent years， more and more students can afford them.But some problems also arise，liking wasting students’time and having negative effect on studies. Therefore， we， as students，should always keep in mind that we should use computer in an appropriate way.科技的英语作文篇5Technology is a necessary force in modern life. we use technology to develop economy， change our life and quicken the pace of development. without it，we might still stay in a poor society. we might have no tvs， no computers and even no lights. we might have to work by hands instead of by machines and read many books to gain new knowledge instead of XXX use of computer nets. it's believed that technology improves our life.But technology is not always a positive force in modern life. if it is not used in the right way， it may be harmful and even dangerous to people. for example，as a result of advanced technology， computer viruses have been made by some people with personal purposes，and obviously everyone knows what harm they do. we can see that under the influence of the negative effect of technology，our society may be faced with a great danger.So we should make use of the positive force of technology to develop our modern life and reduce its negative effects.科技的英语作文篇6May 1st Sunday Fine.It was fine today，Lily and I went to visit the Science Museum.It is about two kilometers away from our homes， so we decided to go there by bike.We set off at 8 o'clock.At the museum we saw a lot of interesting things.We could operate some equipment.There we met many classmates and friends.We thought we had learned a lot and were more interested in science.At half past eleven we left the museum for home.We enjoyedourselves in the museum today.5月1日星期日晴今天是个好天气，我和丽丽去科技馆参观。
关于科学技术英语作文（通用24篇）
科学技术英语作文关于科学技术英语作文（通用24篇）在日复一日的学习、工作或生活中，大家对作文都再熟悉不过了吧，作文是由文字组成，经过人的思想考虑，通过语言组织来表达一个主题意义的文体。
那么你有了解过作文吗？以下是小编为大家整理的科学技术英语作文，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
科学技术英语作文篇1Human life can not continue without science and technology. for many years, human society has developed with the advance of science and technology while the development of science and technology has in turn brought the process to mankind. so the life we are living now is more civilized than that of our fore fathers.The development of science and technology have brought about many changes in peoples life. for eample, the invention of television and space rocket have opened a new era for mankind. through the use of tv people can hear the sound and learn the events happening thousands of miles away. owing to the invention of spaceship and rocket, the dream of mans landing on the moon has now come true.Science and technology also play an important role in our socialist construction. we may say, our socialist construction is just like a skyscraper, while science and technology are its base. without the base, the skyscraper cant be built. therefore, we should try our best to contribute to the development of science and technology so as to provide a more solid base to build our country.科学技术英语作文篇2Technology has turned this world into a different one full of wonders, some of them being too good to be true. For example,mobile phone is playing an important role in our social and professional lives, whereas the Internet has connected people at every corner on the planet and beyond. As a consequence, telecommuting may soon become a more common way of working as more people are doing part of their jobs from home. And so what? Actually people are no closer to feeling happy in various respects because such technological developments are destroying many basic values of simple and easy lifestyles. Computers in particular have made life less emotional since the more time people use the Internet, the less time they spend with human beings.In sum, there are reasons to be worried about what will become of mankind as a whole facing an increasingly complex world in which they may enjoy all the conveniences of life and yet they do not feel any happier or wiser. Who knows that over-dependence on modern technology could not mean the beginning of the end of human sparks of creativity, spirit, compassion, love and understanding and other good things about a simple and easy life. In making people's lives more enjoyable but more complex, technology seems as if sending plenty of blessings from heaven as well as sending plenty of evils from hell.科学技术英语作文篇3The development of science and technology, is a majestic force pushing us back; the development of science and technology, is a spring breeze blowing a bright future; the development of science and technology, is the working people in beautiful sweat watered fertile soil, ah, in the development of science and technology, the future of the motherland is to light!Once a year the spring came, we all have great expectationson the car, in the car on the scene can be regarded as successful! The scenery outside the window was unique, with a warm smell all over it. A car full of smiles was flying over the highway Radar, military management. Just enter college, a thunderous roar in my ear: ". Two. Three. Four. Two. Three. One, four." It's so neat, so steel. Again, a team as a team, hand in the dance, foot in the foot, Junzi how handsome `, neat, no trace of tirednessIn their rooms, it's also militarized management. You look at the quilt, one piece, like tofu, cut. I really do not know what they used magic, the "soft" quilt into "hard" terrace." The most solemn flag raising ceremony to begin, only wearing a blue uniform uncles, holding a red flag, walked a steady step forward, to the podium, when the bright five-star red flag rose slowly, all eyes are condensed, with excited expression on everyone's face.What makes us wonder is the precise radar. You see that a frame was erected in front of us radar. The metal tube above the radar weaves a magic net." It emits the wave of the battery and travels at the speed of light C. In the 30s of this century, radio technology made a major breakthrough, invented radar. Today, both day and night can detect distant radar is show in front of us, my heart is not caused by a feeling of admiration, what a great invention, perhaps this is the inevitable result of the development in science and technology!Although we are a little tired today, we can see that the rapid progress of today's society is inseparable from the development of science and technology, but also adds to our strong interest in the military. With the development of science and technology, the shoulders of our generation are heavier!科技在发展，是一股磅礴的力量推动着我们前进的脚步；科技在发展，是一阵阵春风吹出的美好未来；科技在发展，是劳动人民的汗水在浇灌美丽的沃土，啊，科技在发展，祖国的未来正在走向光明！一年一度的春游又来到了，我们个个怀着美好的期望上了车，在车上的情景可称得上是春风得意啊！窗外的景色也是独特的，到处洋溢着温暖的气息．高速公路上飞过一辆辆满载着笑意的车。
英语科技论文(语言 文化)
ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE LANGUAGE AND THECULTUREAbstractWith the development of society, language and the culture has penetrated into every corner of our life. As a kind of ancient culture, its role cannot be underestimated because these customs are not only affecting people's lives but also the development of society and economy. In recent years, more and more language and the culture appear in all aspects of people's lives. Naturally, thus making the language and the culture also becomes more and more importantKey words: Development, Chinese, language and the cultureIntroductionThe language and the culture belong to the social phenomenon, the language, one of social cultural essential factors, which is the cultural carrier. The culture is handed down through language, they have close relationship. The language is used in the certain cultural context, the language use receives cultural the restriction, the differences between languages have reflected the differences of national culture.BodyThe language reflects a characteristic of race and it not only includes history and cultural background of that race, but also contains that viewpoint, life style and mode of thinking of race to life.Language and culture influence each other, interplay; Comprehend the language has to understand culture, comprehend that the culture has to understand language. Pass various outlet, I understood more knowledge concerning the language and the cultural. Because of the difference of culture, usually discover audience hazing no a reflection to a certain joke that he speak at the person of foreign lecture.The Chinese perhaps will guess a ball in a shop(the inside of the porcelain store of bull) but imagine not speak English public eyes in of image’s head of cow sprays breath, enraged bull intrude into the inside of the store of put the full beautiful scenery china. However, the meaning of this kind of parlance BE: At an in proper form with clever demand bearing, the meticulous careful and attentive situation intrudes into a person with stupid behavior.In the Chinese culture, the turtle has two kinds of meanings: On the other hand symbolize longevity, and then call names on the other hand. But didn't associate so in the western culture, tortoise however is activity slow-moving, ugly animal just. Say for China, the bat is a good luck, health, happy symbol. These association of thoughts may come to name-Fu and blessing of word bat together sound. At the foreign country, people speak of bat, thought of ugly and brutish image.ConclusionLanguage is closely related to culture. Language expresses and embodies cultural reality. If we are in different countries, we must know their cultures, thus, we can use the language freely. On the other hand, language, as a product of culture, helps perpetuate the culture, and the changes in language uses reflect the culture changes in return.References1. Peixin Yuan and Heji Yu, Crack Fault Diagnosis in Shaft. Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science), 1997(1), 12-16 (in Chinese).2. Wenhu Huang, Songbo Xia and Ruiyan Liu, Theory, Technique and Application of Equipment Fault Diagnosis,Beijing, Academic Publisher, 1996 (in Chinese).3. Wanyou Li, Zhenxiong Cai, Zhiqiu Wang and Hongxing Hua, Diagnosis of Crankshaft Crack in Diesel UsingTorsional Vibration. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2004(11), 1028-1031 (in Chinese).4. Wanyou Li, Zhenxiong Cai, Yan Liu and Zhiqiu Wang, Research on Diagnosis Method for Diesel Cylinder ScoreUsing Torsion Vibration Signal. Ship Engineering, 2003(5), 19-23 (in Chinese).。
2022年关于科技的英语作文_science and technology 5篇
关于科技的英语作文_science andtechnology 5篇导读：关于”科技“的英语作文模板5篇，作文题目：science and technology。
以下是关于科技的中考英语模板，每篇作文均为满分模板带翻译。
关于”科技“的英语作文模板5篇，作文题目：science and technology。
以下是关于科技的中考英语模板，每篇作文均为满分模板带翻译。
高分英语作文1：science and technologyAfe4be5 the operating I use is well known. Microsoft is the largest software company in the world. About PC end users use Microsoft's operating .I also use windows now XP, I use this operating for two reasons: the hardware required by the operating is low-end, which means that there is no need to improve the ability of the computer to use the operating . Second, the operation of the is humanized and intelt. I have used this operating for five years, but it never makes me feel that it is out of date.It brings me a fresh feeling, And it's easy to operate and gives me a lot of comfort.中文翻译：AFE4BE5我使用的作系统是众所周知的，微软是世界上最大的软件公司，大约有PC终端用户都使用微软公司生产的作系统，我现在也在使用Windows XP，我使用这个作系统有两个原因：，这个作系统所要求的硬件是低端的，这意味着没有必要提高计算机使用这个作系统的能力第二，系统的作是人性化和智能化的，我已经使用这个作系统xx年了，但它从来没有让我觉得它过时了，它给我带来新鲜感，而且作方便，给我很大的舒适感。
关于科技的国外作文英语
In the contemporary world,technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, transforming the way we communicate,work,and live.The advancements in various fields such as information technology,artificial intelligence,biotechnology,and renewable energy have brought about significant changes that have both positive and negative implications.Information Technology and CommunicationThe advent of the internet and social media platforms has revolutionized the way we communicate.People from different corners of the world can now connect instantly, sharing ideas and information.This has led to the creation of global communities and has facilitated the spread of knowledge and culture.However,it has also raised concerns about privacy and the spread of misinformation.Artificial Intelligence and AutomationArtificial intelligence AI is another area that has seen rapid development.AI systems can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence,such as visual perception,speech recognition,decisionmaking,and language translation.This has led to increased efficiency in various sectors,including manufacturing,healthcare,and transportation. However,there are concerns about job displacement and the ethical implications of creating machines that can think and learn.Biotechnology and HealthcareBiotechnology has opened up new frontiers in healthcare,allowing for the development of new treatments and therapies.Genetic engineering and gene editing techniques like CRISPR have the potential to cure genetic disorders and combat diseases.Yet,there are ethical debates surrounding the manipulation of human genes and the potential for misuse of such powerful technologies.Renewable Energy and SustainabilityThe shift towards renewable energy sources like solar,wind,and hydroelectric power is a response to the environmental impact of fossil fuels.These technologies are cleaner and more sustainable,helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. However,the transition to renewable energy requires significant investment and infrastructure development,which can be a challenge for some countries.Education and AccessibilityTechnology has also transformed education,making it more accessible and personalized. Online learning platforms and digital resources have democratized education,allowing people to learn at their own pace and from anywhere in the world.However,the digital divide remains a challenge,with unequal access to technology affecting educational opportunities for many.Cybersecurity and Data ProtectionAs we become more reliant on technology,the importance of cybersecurity grows. Protecting personal and corporate data from cyber threats is a critical ernments and organizations must invest in robust security measures to safeguard sensitive information and maintain public trust in digital systems.ConclusionThe impact of technology on society is multifaceted,offering immense benefits while also presenting challenges that need to be addressed.As we continue to innovate and develop new technologies,it is crucial to consider their ethical implications,social consequences,and longterm sustainability.By doing so,we can harness the power of technology to improve our lives while mitigating its potential downsides.。
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南京航空航天大学EST论文题目科技英语翻译之增补法科技英语翻译之增补法摘要增补是科技英语翻译中为确保译文的规范、明确、地道而经常使用的方法。
在翻译科技英语文献时，经常会遇到照字面直译无法保证汉语译文的通顺、明晰，有时就需要增添补充必要的词语。
通常按照目标与的行文表达习惯，采取“增补”、“重复”、“一词多译”的方式。
关键词：增添、重复、一词多译AbstractSupplement is the translation of EST translation norms, to ensure clear, authentic and frequently used method. In the translation of English for science and technology literature, often encounter literally literal translation can not guarantee the Chinese translation of the fluent, clear, sometimes need to add supplement necessary words. Usually according to writing goal and the habit of expression, adopt a "supplement", "repeat", "one word more translation" modeKey words:supplement、repeat、one word more translation目录摘要 (2)第一章为补足原文词汇含义而增补 (4)1.1 对抽象名词进行增补 (4)1.2 对普通名词进行增补 (4)1.3 对形容词及名词定语进行增补 (5)1.4 对动词进行增补 (5)第二章为明确原文语法概念而增补 (6)2.1 增补表示复数概念的词语 (6)2.2 增补表示动词时态、语态、语气的词语 (6)2.3 增补连词 (6)2.4 增补原文省略的成分 (7)第三章为满足汉语语法修辞的要求而增补 (8)3.1 增补句子成分 (8)3.2 增补概括词 (8)3.3 重复增补 (9)3.4 修辞增补 (9)第四章总结与展望 (10)第一章为补足原文词汇含义而增补1.1 对抽象名词进行增补英语中讲究简洁、忌讳重复，因而常常单独使用抽象名词而不提该名词所涉及的范畴领域，如作用、现象、状态、形式等，若翻译时不做任何增补，经常会使人感到概念不清，所指不明。
因此在科技英语翻译中经常需结合名词的内在含义增补上述表示范畴的词语，使其意义具体化。
Example:Observation 观察结果Reduction 还原反应/作用/过程Resonance 共振现象Example:In rapid oxidation aflame is produced.在快速氧化过程中会产生火焰。
（在抽象名词“氧化”后增补“过程”使所指更加明确）同样，为了追求简洁，在上下文已有所指的情况下，常只使用范畴词而在其前省略去具体所指的定语。
翻译时也应对起进行增补，将其具体所指进行明确化。
Example:The complex automatic control system monitors over the process by meansof computers.综合自动控制系统能利用计算机监控整个操作过程。
（“过程”前增补“操作”使其具体所指所指更加明确）1.2 对普通名词进行增补指在普通名词后添加相应的名词，以明确其范畴意义。
Example:The arrows in the leads identify the materials.引线的箭头标记着材料类型。
（对“材料”增补“类型”）有时需要在某些名词前面添加必要的词语。
Example:Prior to the 1960s knowledge of the atmosphere above about 30 km wasbased largely on inferences from ground-based observations.在20世纪60年代以前，人们关于30千米左右以上的高空大气知识主要是根据地基观测推断得到的。
（“大气知识”前增补“高空”，是所指更加明确）1.3 对形容词及名词定语进行增补有时需要对形容词以及用作定语的名词的语义进行必要的增补，以更加明确的标示其所涉及的事物。
Example:This new type of TV set is really fine and inexpensive.这台新型电视机真是物美价廉。
（在两个形容词前分别增补“物”和“价”）Since conduction is by both holes and electrons,the junction transistor isbipolar.由于电子传导是借助空穴和电子两者进行的，因而结型晶体管是双极式的。
（在作定语的名词“junction”后增添“型”，在作表语的名词“bipolar”后增补“式”，在抽象名词“传导”前增补“电子”，使其所指更加明确）1.4 对动词进行增补在科技英语翻译中，经常会对原文的动词进行必要的增补，以使其语义更加确切。
Example:A pulsed laser system has been tested on a satellite.已经在人造卫星上对脉冲激光系统进行了实验。
（增补“对”字，将宾语提前，并添加动词“进行”，采用“对”字结构可增强针对性）Clearly，cool temperature slows down the action of bacteria.显然，较低的温度可以使细菌的活动减慢。
（对动词增补“使”字，把原文的动宾结构转译成汉语里常用的递系结构）第二章为明确原文语法概念而增补2.1 增补表示复数概念的词语Example:Sensor switches are located near the end of each feed belt.各传感器开关位于每条给料皮带末端附近。
（主语名词前增补“各”字，表示多个开关）Example:The first electronic computers went into operation in 1946.第一批电子计算机于1946年投入使用。
（增补“批”字表示数量之多）2.2 增补表示动词时态、语态、语气的词语英语动词的时态、语态、语气在汉语里通常是通过词汇手段加以体现，因此在英译汉时经常需要添加适当的词语将其表达出来。
Example:Even before the Second Five-year Plan ,China was already producing allkinds of lathes ,machines,apparatus and instruments.甚至在第二个五年计划之前，中国就已经在生产各种车床、机器、器械和仪表了。
（增补“在”和“了”以表达原文动词的时态意味）Example:The first stage of a rocket is thrown away only minutes after the rocket takesoff.火箭的第一级在火箭起飞后仅仅几分钟就被扔掉。
（动词前增补“被”字表示原文的被动意味）2.3 增补连词一般说来，英语讲究形合而会大量使用连词，汉语则讲究意合较少使用连词。
在一些场合中，尤其是在不定式和分词作状语时，英语无需使用连词，而汉语却必须使用，因此翻译时常须增添相应的连词。
Example:Ordinary glass must be first achromatized to become optical glass.普通玻璃必须先消除色差才能制成光学玻璃。
（不定式状语表示结果，增补“才能”）有时并列句内两个分句之间或上下两个句子之间没有采用并列连词连接，却隐含着转折、递进、因果关系，翻译时也可增补相应的连词，以表明这种关系。
Example:Liquids contract in freezing ;water is an important exception to this rule.液体冻结时收缩，但水却是这一规律的一个重要例外。
（并列句之间有转折的关系，所以增补“但....却”）2.4 增补原文省略的成分英语最忌讳重复，因此某些成分在前面已出现过，则往往予以省略，甚至有时未曾出现过的某些词语，只要不会引起误解，都会尽可能的省略。
因此在翻译时，这些情况需要予以译出。
Example:Reactions of the first kind are called exothermic reactions and those of thesecond kind endothermic reactions.第一类反应叫放热反应，第二类反应叫吸能反应。
（原文为了避免重复在第二个分句中省去了“are called”，因此增补“叫”字，进行重复）Example:High temperatures and pressure changed the underground organic materialsinto coal,petroleum and natural gas.高温和高压把这些埋藏在底下的有机物变成了煤、石油和天然气。
（形容词high修饰两个名词，汉语中应将其译出，重复“高”字）第三章为满足汉语语法修辞的要求而增补3.1 增补句子成分某些句子，在进行翻译时需要增补必要的成分以满足汉语行文中对语法修辞的要求。
Example:It was found that there is a slightly colder threshold for seeding effect tooccur for silver iodide than for dry ice.实验发现，碘化银产生播撒的效果的临界温度比干冰的略低。
（增补主语“实验”）某些英语介词如“despite”、“in spite of”等后面常常只用不带任何修饰的名词或名词短语。
这类结构在翻译时需要根据上下文的逻辑关系增补必要的词语（多为动词）使其语义鲜明。
Example:In spite of the hardships,real efforts and progress are being made.尽管经受着艰难险阻，人们正实实在在的付出努力并取得进展。
汉语中还经常采用动词处置式即“把”字结构、“对”字结构或“给”字结构将宾语提前。