6案例分析-自来水工程职业病危害评价
某饮用水厂职业病危害因素日常检测与评价

某饮用水厂职业病危害因素日常检测与评价本文以某饮用水厂锅炉房、空压机房、注塑车间、吹瓶车间、灌装车间的主要岗位劳动定员及人员接触职业病危害因素的检测与评价,提出改进措施和建议有效地控制工作场所职业病危害因素,保障劳动者的健康。
噪声职业接触限值;测试条件和样品采集;检测结果与评价1、前言职业病危害因素是指职业活动中影响劳动者健康的、存在于生产工艺过程以及劳动过程和生产环境中的各种危害因素的统称,本文的检测与评价范围为饮用水单体生产车间,其中包括锅炉房、空压机房、注塑车间、吹瓶车间、灌装车间的噪声。
2、噪声职业接触限值3、现场情况该饮用水厂创办于1999年,是一家集科研、生产、销售、服务于一体的现代化高科技企业。
该公司占地面积11.3万平方米,建筑面积5万平方米,是亚洲最大的饮用水单体生产车间,其中包括注塑车间、吹瓶车间、灌装车间等。
3.1平面布局及检测点布置图3.2简单工艺流程3.3工艺流程简介根据现场职业卫生调查、工艺分析^p ,该企业生产工艺过程中存在的主要职业病危害因素为空压机、吹瓶机、瓶胚机、瓶盖机、灌装机、冷水机运行中产生的噪声。
锅炉房使用管道加湿式煤浆,操作密闭化,管道化,本次不对煤尘做检测。
本次检测与评价职业病危害因素有:噪声。
3.4主要生产设备1台全自动燃油(气)锅炉、1台水煤浆蒸汽锅炉、6台K 白力仕40BAR空压机、6台吹瓶机、4台瓶胚机、2台瓶盖机。
(采样当天1#、2#、3#吹瓶机未开,7#瓶胚机未开,3#瓶盖机未开,其余生产设备均正常开启)3.5主要防护设施无3.6主要个人防护用品 3M1110防噪耳塞。
(采样当天部分工人未佩戴)3.7生产制度和劳动定员本次所有岗位工人每周工作5天,锅炉房岗位和空压机岗位每天工作12小时,其他岗位每天工作10小时。
4、测试条件和样品采集本次检测样本按日常监测要求采样,于某年某月某日在企业正常生产(未满负荷)的情况下进行。
采样日的生产情况与近期生产规模基本一致,采样、检测结果具有代表性。
水利工程建设职业病危害分析及预防.docx

水利工程建设职业病危害分析及预防一、粉尘(一)粉尘的危害能够较长时间浮游于空气中的固体微粒叫做粉尘。
从胶体化学观念来看,粉尘是固态分散性气溶胶。
其分散质是空气,分散相是固体微粒。
在生产过程中形成,并能长时间悬浮在空气中的固体微粒叫做生产性粉尘。
生产性粉尘对人体有多方面的不良影响,尤其是含有游离二氧化硅的粉尘、能引起严重的职业病――矽肺。
水利水电工程建设接触的粉尘主要是岩尘、电焊尘、水泥尘等。
吸入人体的粉尘有97%~98%可通过人体呼吸道的清除功能排出体外,余下的沉积于肺内。
粉尘对人体健康最普遍且严重的危害是引起各种尘肺病,其次是粉尘沉着症、粉尘性支气管炎、肺炎、支气管哮喘以及中毒等病症。
由于粉尘的性质、成分不同,对肺所造成的损害,引起纤维化程度也有所不同,依据《职业病分类和目录》(国卫疾控发〔2013〕48号),法定尘肺包括:矽肺、煤工尘肺、石墨尘肺、炭黑尘肺、石棉肺、滑石尘肺、水泥尘肺、云母尘肺、陶工尘肺、铝尘肺、电焊工尘肺、铸工尘肺及根据《尘肺病诊断标准》(GBZ 70)和《尘肺病理诊断标准》(GBZ 25)可以诊断的其他尘肺。
(二)防尘措施采用工程技术措施消除和降低粉尘危害,是防止尘肺发生的根本措施。
防治粉尘的工程技术措施主要有:(1)改革工艺过程,使生产过程机械化、密闭化、自动化。
(2)湿式作业,特点是防尘效果可靠,易于管理,投资较低。
(3)采取密闭、通风、除尘系统。
(4)个体防护和个人卫生。
综合以上方法,在水利水电工程建设中,可具体采用下列防尘措施:(1)混凝土搅拌站,木加工、金属切削加工等产生粉尘的场所,装置除尘器或吸尘罩,将尘粒捕捉后送到储仓内或经过净化后排放,以减少对大气的污染。
(2)施工和作业现场经常洒水、控制和减少灰尘飞扬。
(3)钻孔采取湿式作业或采取干式捕尘措施,不打干钻。
(4)水泥储存、运送、混凝土拌和等作业采取隔离、密封措施。
(5)密闭容器、构件及狭窄部位进行电焊作业时加强通风,并佩戴防护电焊烟尘的防护用品。
自来水厂危险源辨识与评估报告范文

自来水厂危险源辨识与评估报告范文英文回答:Water treatment plants are essential for providing clean and safe drinking water to communities. However, they also pose potential risks and hazards that need to be identified and assessed to ensure the safety of the workers and the public. In this report, I will discuss the process of hazard identification and assessment in a water treatment plant.Firstly, it is important to identify the potential hazards in the water treatment plant. These hazards can include chemical, biological, and physical hazards. For example, the presence of hazardous chemicals such as chlorine or fluoride can pose risks to the workers if not handled properly. Biological hazards, such as bacteria or viruses, can also be present in the water and need to be effectively treated to prevent contamination. Physical hazards, such as slippery floors or faulty equipment, canalso lead to accidents and injuries.Once the hazards are identified, the next step is to assess the risks associated with these hazards. This involves evaluating the likelihood and severity ofpotential accidents or incidents. For example, the risk of a chemical spill can be assessed by considering the probability of a spill occurring and the potential harm it can cause to the workers or the environment. By assessing the risks, appropriate control measures can be implemented to minimize or eliminate the risks.Control measures can include engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE). Engineering controls involve modifying the equipment or processes to reduce or eliminate the hazards. For example, installing safety guards on machinery or implementing automated systems can help prevent accidents. Administrative controls involve implementing policies and procedures to ensure safe work practices. This can include training programs, regular inspections, and emergency response plans. PPE, such as gloves, goggles, orrespirators, can also be provided to workers to protect them from specific hazards.Regular monitoring and review of the control measures are also important to ensure their effectiveness. This can include conducting inspections, audits, and risk assessments on a regular basis. Any changes in the plant's operations or new hazards should be promptly identified and assessed to determine if additional control measures are required.In conclusion, identifying and assessing the hazards in a water treatment plant is crucial for ensuring the safety of the workers and the public. By implementing appropriate control measures and regularly reviewing their effectiveness, the risks can be minimized or eliminated. This will help to create a safe working environment and provide clean and safe drinking water to the community.中文回答:自来水厂是为社区提供清洁安全饮用水的重要设施。
精选案例分析和判断职业健康安全环境质量

职业安全健康审核案例
AB船厂在制定职业安全健康目标时,抄用了AC船厂的目标值,AB船厂的厂长说:我们和AC厂的生产规模和产品都差不多,完全可以借用。
审核员对车间进行现场审核时,发现该车间的一台设备因陈旧而不能保障安全,车间己在管理方案中制订了更新的措施,但由于资金审批需要一定的周期,所以没有明确更新的最后日期。
答案
5.不按规定进行检查,违反了IS014001:1996标准第4.5.1条款的规定。
6.审核员检查噪声的环境管理方案时,发现其目标、指标的依据是1985年的国家环保法规,而1994年已经对此进行修订。
答案
6.法律法规没有及时收集到位,违反了IS014001:1996第4.3.2条款的规定。
1. 审核员在审核中看到,某化工厂对硫酸的存放属于重大危险因素认识一致,并规定了相应的程序来控制,审核员问管理者代表是否有相应的监测控制,如定期检查等,管理者代表说,我们的员工都很自觉,只要有规定,都会遵照执行,所以不需要监测。
1.没有进行监测工作,违反了GB/T28001—2001标准第4.5.1条款的规定。
答案
7.没对与重大环境因素有关的活动进行控制,违反了IS014001:1996标准第4.4.6条款的规定。
8.广大工程公司的应急准备及响应方案编制比较详细,内容也十分充实,但当问及是否有把握实施,并且是否进行过验证时,环保部的人员不知所措,无言以答。
答案
8.应急方案没有经过验证,违反了IS014001:1996第4.4.7条款的规定。
答案
2.审核员在施工现场发现某工程公司的职业健康安全方针醒目的被贴在了项目工地的大门口,但当审核员问一位安全环保员职业健康安全方针的内涵时,这位员工问答:“不知道,但我知道怎样自觉的去干。”
工程伦理案例分析—兰州自来水苯含量超标事件伦理问题浅析

谢谢聆听!
3、生态与环境安全角度
第一,因环境污染和破坏行为而导致的生态系统功能的退化等生态损害 的问题,尽管环境法上规定了“谁污染、谁治理”原则,但具体的损害治理 制度目前仍处于缺失状态。比如,2008年松花江污染事件中,制度缺失表露 无遗。中石油吉林石化分公司出资约600万元用于污染防控,但后来发现松 花江污染事件发生5年来,国家已为松花江流域水污染防治累计投入治污资 金78.4亿元。此消息一出,再次引起公众质疑:中石油造成的污染事故,防治 数目如此之大,却为何让国家和纳税人来买单。这个事件背后反应出来的一 个问题就是环境保护领域对生态修复、生态损害这一块没有相应的责任制度。
自来水中苯含量超标消息一出,立即引发了市 民“抢水风波”,兰州市民在各大超市大量抢水。
4月11日,在兰州市西固区一居民区,居民们 在送水点排队打水。
2、生产安全角度
第一,企业生产安全存在隐患,企业污染信息报告不及时。在《中华人 民共和国环境保护法》和《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》中,都对发生重 大污染事故之后信息报告制度做了比较详细的、可操作性的规定。根据媒体 公开的消息,4月10日17点左右,威立雅水务公司就初步检测到出厂水苯含 量高达118微克/升,远远高于10微克/升的国家限制标准。在发现水异常后, 该公司又连续3次对水质进行了检测,每次间隔2个多小时。直到11日凌晨5 时,威立雅才将污染情况报告给兰州市政府。威立雅在检测到自来水苯严重 超标12小时之后,才报告给兰州市政府,无论如何不能称得上及时,存在延 报的嫌疑,在这方面威立雅水务公司应当是有责任的。
自来水厂危险源辨识与评估报告范文

自来水厂危险源辨识与评估报告范文英文回答:As a professional in the field of water supply and management, I have conducted a comprehensive identification and assessment of potential hazards in the water treatment plant. The purpose of this report is to outline the potential risks and provide recommendations for mitigating these hazards to ensure the safety of workers and the community.First and foremost, one of the major hazards identified in the water treatment plant is the presence of hazardous chemicals. These chemicals are used in the treatment process to disinfect the water and remove impurities. However, improper handling and storage of these chemicals can pose serious risks to the workers and the surrounding environment. For example, the accidental release ofchlorine gas can result in respiratory problems and even fatalities. Therefore, it is crucial to implement strictprotocols for handling, storing, and disposing of these chemicals to minimize the risk of exposure.Another significant hazard in the water treatment plant is the potential for electrical accidents. The plant relies heavily on electrical equipment to power pumps, motors, and control systems. Any malfunction or electrical failure can lead to fires, electric shocks, and other serious accidents. For instance, a faulty electrical connection in a pump can cause a fire, putting the entire plant at risk. To address this hazard, regular maintenance and inspection ofelectrical systems are essential to identify and rectifyany potential issues before they escalate into major safety concerns.Furthermore, the risk of slips, trips, and falls is a common concern in the water treatment plant. The presenceof water, chemicals, and uneven surfaces can create a hazardous environment for workers. For example, a spill of chemicals on the floor can lead to slips and falls,resulting in injuries. To mitigate this risk, it is important to maintain good housekeeping practices, providenon-slip flooring, and ensure that workers are equipped with appropriate personal protective equipment such as non-slip shoes.In addition to the physical hazards, the water treatment plant also faces the risk of biological contamination. The presence of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens in the water supply can pose a serious healthrisk to the workers and the community. For instance, a breach in the filtration system can result in the contamination of the water with harmful microorganisms. To address this risk, it is essential to implement stringent monitoring and testing procedures to ensure the quality and safety of the water supply.In conclusion, the identification and assessment of potential hazards in the water treatment plant have revealed several critical risks that need to be addressed to ensure the safety of workers and the community. By implementing strict protocols for handling hazardous chemicals, conducting regular maintenance of electrical systems, maintaining good housekeeping practices, andimplementing stringent monitoring of water quality, these hazards can be effectively mitigated. It is imperative for the management to prioritize the safety of the plant and take proactive measures to prevent accidents and protect the well-being of all stakeholders.中文回答:作为水务供应和管理领域的专业人士,我对水处理厂潜在危险进行了全面的辨识和评估。
自来水厂危险源辨识与评估报告范文

自来水厂危险源辨识与评估报告范文英文回答:Identification and Assessment of Hazards in Water Treatment Plants Report.1. Introduction.Water treatment plants (WTPs) are essential infrastructure for providing clean and safe drinking water to communities. However, these facilities also present a variety of potential hazards that can have serious consequences if not properly managed. This report provides a comprehensive identification and assessment of hazards present in WTPs, with the aim of developing effective strategies for mitigating risks and ensuring the safety of water supplies.2. Hazard Identification.A thorough hazard identification process was conducted using a combination of methods, including:Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP): A systematic approach to identifying hazards and determining critical control points for controlling them.Job Hazard Analysis (JHA): A review of specific tasks and activities performed within the WTP to identify potential hazards.Historical Data: A review of past incidents and near-misses to identify patterns and trends.The following categories of hazards were identified:Physical Hazards: Hazards that can cause physical injury or damage, such as falls, slips, chemical spills, and machinery accidents.Chemical Hazards: Hazards posed by chemicals used in the treatment process, such as chlorine, ammonia, andcoagulants.Biological Hazards: Hazards posed by microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites.Environmental Hazards: Hazards related to the natural environment, such as flooding, earthquakes, and extreme weather events.Operational Hazards: Hazards related to the operation of the WTP, such as power outages, equipment failures, and human errors.3. Hazard Assessment.Once hazards were identified, they were assessed based on their severity and probability of occurrence using a risk assessment matrix. The following factors were considered:Severity: The potential consequences of the hazard, including injuries, fatalities, property damage, andenvironmental impact.Probability: The likelihood of the hazard occurring, based on historical data, expert judgment, and industry best practices.The results of the hazard assessment were used to prioritize hazards and develop appropriate mitigation strategies.4. Mitigation Strategies.Based on the hazard assessment, a comprehensive set of mitigation strategies was developed to reduce the risks associated with the identified hazards. These strategies include:Engineering Controls: Physical barriers, equipment modifications, and process changes to eliminate or reduce hazards.Administrative Controls: Policies, procedures,training, and inspections to minimize the likelihood of hazards occurring.Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Protective clothing and equipment worn by workers to protect against hazards.Emergency Response Plans: Detailed plans to respond to emergencies and minimize their impact.5. Conclusion.This hazard identification and assessment report provides a valuable tool for WTPs to proactively identify and manage potential hazards. By implementing themitigation strategies outlined in this report, WTPs can significantly reduce risks and ensure the safety of water supplies for their communities.中文回答:自来水厂危险源辨识与评估报告。
典型行业职业病危害案例分析讲义

典型行业职业病危害案例分析讲义典型行业职业病案例分析讲义一、案例背景介绍目前,随着工业化和城市化的快速发展,各行各业的发展壮大,同时也带来了各种职业病的高发问题。
其中,建筑行业作为典型的人力密集型产业,存在较高的职业病危害风险。
本文将以某建筑公司的职业病危害案例为例,进行分析和讲解。
二、案例分析某建筑公司是一家中型企业,主要从事高层建筑的施工工作。
该公司施工范围广泛,施工工人众多,工作量大,施工现场环境恶劣,存在一定的职业病危害风险。
经过对该公司职业病问题的调查和分析,以下为案例分析的主要内容。
1.粉尘污染由于建筑施工需要使用水泥、石灰等材料,在施工过程中产生大量的粉尘。
长期吸入粉尘会导致呼吸系统疾病,如慢性支气管炎、肺结核等。
调查发现,大部分工人没有佩戴个人防护设备,导致粉尘污染问题日益严重。
2.噪音危害在建筑施工现场,机械设备的噪音较大,严重超过了国家标准。
长期暴露在噪音环境中,会导致听力损伤、神经系统疾病等后果。
调查发现,虽然公司购买了一些隔音设备,但工人的佩戴率较低,没有得到充分的保护。
3.高温作业某建筑公司多数项目位于南方城市,施工期间常有高温天气。
工人在高温环境下长时间作业,易患中暑、日益严重的脱水等健康问题。
调查发现,公司对室外作业人员的高温保护做得不到位,没有及时提供足够的饮水和休息时间。
4.劳动强度过大建筑施工工作需要长时间站立、搬运重物等,劳动强度较大。
工人经常超时工作,休息时间不够充分,没有得到充分的身体调节,容易导致肌肉酸痛、劳损等问题。
调查发现,公司未能合理安排工作时间和休息时间,过度追求工期,给工人身体健康带来了危害。
三、案例分析结果1.职业病危害问题的存在从以上分析可见,某建筑公司存在粉尘污染、噪音危害、高温作业和劳动强度过大等职业病危害问题。
这些问题严重危害了工人的身体健康,不利于公司的可持续发展。
2.职业病防护措施不到位调查发现,公司在职业病防护方面的措施和管理不到位。
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以地表水为水源的水厂典型处理工艺
一、生产工艺
所使用的化学药剂: 1.氯气: 2.混凝剂:分为两类:一类是铝盐混凝剂,如明矾和碱
式氯化铝;另一类是铁盐混凝剂,如三氯化铁及硫酸亚 铁。
3.氨水:定期对氯气瓶、加氯机、管道进行安全检查。 4.氢氧化钠,熟石灰 等:建有水池,存有氢氧化钠
、熟石灰、防毒面具,一旦发生氯气瓶泄露,工作人员 应戴上防毒面具将氯气瓶推入水中,并加熟石灰或氢氧 化钠中和。 4.氨:当原水中有机物较多时使用。采用液氨、硫酸铵或 氯化铵。
泄露;设置氯气检测报警器。上述2 套装置均直接串联报警系统,发生 事故时启动强制通风系统,使氯气通过氢氧化钠溶液吸收后再向大气 排放。 氯气泄漏: 氯气室建有水池,存有氢氧化钠、熟石灰、防毒面具,一旦发生氯气 瓶泄露,工作人员应戴上防毒面具将氯气瓶推入水中,并加熟石灰或 氢氧化钠中和。 采用氯气泄漏吸收装置,利用液碱或氧化还原剂吸收。对氯气室做封 闭处理,确保发生泄漏时防止氯气外泄;启动信号接入漏氯报警仪, 发生泄漏时实现漏氯吸收装置自动运行。 备有氨水,定期对氯气瓶、加氯机、管道进行安全检查。 主要场所道路设计宽度为能满足消防车和救护车等应急车辆的通行。 二级泵站值班室配备防毒面具。
二、主要职业病危害因素分析
5.硫化氢 污泥回收池、污泥综合泵房等处可能产生硫化 氢气体, 检修时应防止硫化氢中毒。
二、主要职业病危害因素分析
综合分析,各种危害因素在正常生产状态下对
工作人员危害较小,氯气泄露是最主要潜在危 害。
三、职业病危害防护设施
氯气室自动加氯系统自带有压力检测装置,能侦测管道中氯气的大量
自来水工程职业病危害评价
职业病危害风险类别:一般
1
内容提要
一、生产工艺及产生的主要职业病危害因素 二、职业病危害因素分析 三、职业病危源分为地表水和地下水 。其中 ,地表水占了大部分,如江河湖水等都属于地表 水 。绝大多数以地面水为水源的城市水厂,都采 用混凝、沉淀、过滤和消毒的常规处理流程。该 经典物化处理工艺已延续百余年,所变动的仅仅 是在池型上有所发展。
氯罐
氯罐
氯泄漏吸收装置
二、主要职业病危害因素分析
1.氯气:项目使用氯气作为消毒剂,正常生产情况 下,操作工人超剂量接触氯气的可能性不大。如 果在生产过程中输送管道或储氯瓶出现“跑、冒 、滴、漏”的情况,操作工人可能会发生急性氯 气中毒事故。
二、主要职业病危害因素分析
2.噪声 此类项目一级泵站、二级泵站泵体运转时产生 噪声。 3.工频电场 配电室单独设置,值班人员一般不在该工作场 所中停留,接触工频电场时间较短。 4.其它化学试剂 化验室的化验员对水质分析检验时会使用氨水 、硫酸、硝酸等100 余种化学试剂 。