定语从句和名词性从句易混点和练习(答案)

定语从句和名词性从句易混点讲解和练习
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）
定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

e.g. She is the girl who talked to me yesterday.
名词性从句
名词性从句相当于一个名词的功能，根据其在主句的功能作用又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

分类如下：
主语从句：
What he told me is a secret.
宾语从句：
I have forgotten what he told me.
表语从句：
That is what he told me.
同位语从句：
The news that we won the match was true.
引导词总结如下表：
用法区别：
第一，定语从句有先行词，且先行词可以放入后面的从句中使从句完整；
名词性从句中的主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句没有先行词
第二，名词性从句和定语从句的最本质的不同点在于，前者在句子中做名词，而后者相当于形容词，修饰或限制名词或代词。

名词性从句由that引导时，通常不充当从句的句子成分，故that可省去。

但定语从句由that引导时，如在从句中充当主语时，则that不能省去。

I know (that) he is to blame.
We all know the story that was told by our teacher.
第三，使用中最大的区别：
定语从句由于在句子中只作定语，故去掉它，整个句子还完整，就像普通的句子去掉一个定语不影响原句的完整性一样。

但名词性从句由于它们充当的是句子的骨干成分（主语，宾语或表语），故去掉它们，原句就不通了。

The boy who has a surprised look is sitting there.
Who will come here is unclear.
注：用于同位语从句的名词通常有hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea等抽象名词。

that在同位语从句中不作任何语法成分，不能省略；在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

定语从句与名词性从句易混点
1.whom/who/whoever
He is the person _______we all like to make friends with.
_______wins the game is unknown.
The prize will be given to ________wins the game.
He is the man to_______I would like to talk.
2.that/what
This is all______I know about the matter.
This is _______I know about the matter.
The words _____________ you said surprised me.
______ you said surprised me.
A new library has been set up in______ was a church two years ago.
A new library has been set up in a place ______ was a church two years ago.
The boy is interested in the story _____________I am telling.
The boy is interested in ____________I am telling.
3.关系代词和副词
I remember the days ______we spent together.
I remember the days ______we spent the summer holiday together.
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，________the weather may be better.
We came to a place, ________ they had never visited before.
We came to a place ________ they had never paid a visit before.
4.同位语和定语从句的that
The news ____________ she told me yesterday proved false.
The news _____ she would go abroad to study proved false.
5.代词与关系代词
I have many friends, ______ have a lot in common with me.
I have many friends, and ______ have a lot in common with me.
I have many friends, some of ______ have a lot in common with me.
I have many friends, and some of ______ have a lot in common with me.
参考答案
1.who/whom; who; whoever; whom
2.That; what; that; what; what; that
3.That/which; when; when; which; where
4.That/which; that
5.Who; they; whom; them。