2016年浙江省公共营养师四级考试题
2016年浙江省公共营养师四级考试题
一、单项选择题（共29 题，每题的备选项中，只有 1 个事最符合题意）
1、一般来讲，谷物中的第一限制性氨基酸为__。
A．色氨酸
B．蛋氨酸
C．赖氨酸
D．精氨酸
2、1g脂肪在体内氧化实际产生的能量，即生理卡价是____kcal。
A．4 B．C．5 D．7 E．9
3、挥发性盐基总氮用于鉴定______。
A．脂肪酸败
B．蛋白质腐败
C．碳水化合物酸败
D．蔬菜的腐败
4、老年人多不饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸提供的能量占总能量的____比较合适。
A：叶酸，维生素B6，铁
B：维生素A，碘，钙
C：维生素C，锌，碘
D：锌，叶酸，维生素A
5、婴儿碳水化合物的提供量的能量应占总能量____
A．10—20 B．15—25 C．30—60 D．40—70
6、全鸡蛋蛋白质的含量约为____
A：15%
B：18%
C：25%
D：12%
7、引起食品腐败的主要原因是____
A．水分B．微生物C．紫外线D．氧
8、24h饮食回顾法最典型的调查方法是____
A．面对面询问B．电话调查C．计算机程序D．录音进行
9、由胃排空最慢的营养物质是____
A．碳水化合物B．蛋白质C．碳水化合物和蛋白质的混合物D．脂肪
10、（）是碳水化合物的供能比计
A．碳水化合物摄入×4×100%
B．（碳水化合物摄入×4）×100%／总能量摄入量
C．碳水化合物摄入量×9×100%
D．（碳水化合物摄入量×9）×100%／总能量摄入量
11、孕末期的膳食原则包括____
A．补充充足的能量B．补充长链多不饱和脂肪酸C．补铜D．按
照喜好，选择促进食欲的食物E．保证充足的鱼、禽、蛋等
12、24小时回顾法膳食调查的优点是（）
A．准确
B．所需时间短
C．可调查较长时间
D．对食物量的估计准确
13、几种对食品造成污染的主要有害金属是____
A：磷酸盐
B：硫酸盐
C：硝酸盐
D：碳酸盐
14、下列关于人乳和牛乳中脂肪的比较，正确的是______。
A．人乳中脂肪的种类比牛乳多，而总的含量比牛乳少
B．人乳中脂肪的种类比牛乳少，而总的含量比牛乳多
C．人乳中脂肪的种类和含量均比牛乳多
D．人乳中脂肪的种类和含量均比牛乳少
E．脂肪的种类和含量均差不多
15、参与氨基酸代谢缺乏时使色氨酸代谢受到干扰的维生素是____
A．烟酸B．维生素B12 C．维生素B2 D．维生素B6 E．尼克酸
16、大豆蛋白质中含有较高的__，可以和谷物蛋白质互补。
A．酪氨酸
B．组氨酸
C．精氨酸
D．赖氨酸
17、下列对婴幼儿体重测量叙述正确的是____
A．用成人体重计可以直接测量婴幼儿体重B．婴幼儿体重主要由遗传因素决定C．婴幼儿体重对营养状况不敏感D．误差小于身长测量的误差
18、体质指数是指____
A．体重(kg)/[身高(cm)]2 B．体重(kg)/[身高(cm)]2 C．体重(kg)/[身高(m)]3 D．体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2 E．以上都不是
19、中枢神经系统组成不包括______。
A．脑干
B．脊髓
C．小脑
D．内脏
20、甲状腺素中以何者活性最大？
A．T1
B．T2
C．T3
D．T34
21、下列关于人乳和牛乳中蛋白质的比较，正确的是____
A．人乳中蛋白质含量比牛乳中的蛋白质含量高B．人乳中的蛋白质以乳
清蛋白为主C．牛乳中的蛋白质以乳清蛋白为主D．人乳和牛乳中酪蛋白和乳清蛋白的比例接近E．酪蛋白比乳清蛋白更容易消化吸收
22、下列豆制品含维生素C较多的是____
A．豆腐B．豆浆C．豆腐干D．豆芽
23、枸杞子对__不能用
A．慢性肝炎
B．面部色素沉着
C．老年人视力减退
D．急性肠炎
24、如饮酒应限量，“限量”是指______。
A．成年男性一天饮用酒的酒精量不超过20g，女性不超过10g
B．成年男性一天饮用酒的酒精量不超过22g，女性不超过17g
C．成年男性一天饮用酒的酒精量不超过25g，女性不超过15g
D．成年男性一天饮用酒的酒精量不超过28g，女性不超过18g
E．成年男性一天饮用酒的酒精量不超过30g，女性不超过20g
25、根据《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》，成年女子每日铁的适宜摄入量是____mg。
A．10 B．15 C．20 D．25 E．30
26、米、面制作中加碱或者油炸使营养素损失最大的是__。
A．硫胺素
B．核黄素
C．尼克酸
D．视黄醇
27、职业道德的基本规范包括______。
A．爱岗敬业
B．努力进取
C．诚实守信
D．办事公道
E．服务群众F．奉献社会
28、膳食中蛋白质、酒精和膳食纤维产热系数分别为__kcal/g。
A．4、2、7
B．4、7、2
C．7、2、4
D．7、4、2
29、关于人体构成，下列表述错误的是____
A．在组织水平上，人体是由组织、器官及系统构成的B．在分子水平上，人体是由蛋白质、脂类、碳水化合物、水及矿物质等构成的C．在细胞水平上，人体是由细胞、细胞外液及细胞外固体构成的D．人体内含有的元素有150种E．人体在各个水平上的构成是动态变化的
二、多项选择题（共29 题，每题的备选项中，有 2 个或 2 个以上符合题意，至少有1 个错项。）
1、下列与碘缺乏无关的有____
A．地方性克汀病B．智力障碍C．甲状腺肿D．伤口不愈合
2、为个体计划膳食和配餐说法正确的是____
A．首先要设定适宜的营养素摄入目标B．需要评价最后配餐营养是否合理C．不需要评价最后配餐营养是否合理D．常借助膳食指南E．常借助RNI、AI
3、《中国居民膳食指南》中建议每日食用乳类，是因为乳类____
A．营养成分齐全，组成比例适宜B．含钙较高且利用率也很高C．富含铁可以预防缺铁性贫血D．必需氨基酸比例符合人体需要E．其中的乳糖具有调节胃酸、促进胃肠蠕动和促进消化液分泌的作用。
4、以鲜牛乳作为母乳替代品，下列说法正确的是______。
A．鲜牛乳根本不能作为母乳替代品
B．鲜牛乳营养成分与母乳差异小，可直接作为母乳替代品
C．新生儿可选用经适当比例稀释的鲜牛乳取代母乳
D．从营养学方面考虑，婴儿期间不可以直接饮用鲜牛乳
E．从卫生学方面考虑，婴儿期间饮用鲜牛乳需煮沸10min以上
5、婴儿在几个月龄前不宜添加谷类等含淀粉的食物
A：2个月
B：3个月
C：4个月
D：5个月
E：6个月
6、菌藻类食物微量元素含量丰富，含量约是其他食物的数倍甚至10倍的矿物质为____
A．铬B．铁C．锌D．硒
7、稻米蛋白中含量较少的氨基酸有____
A．色氨酸B．蛋氨酸C．苏氨酸D．苯丙氨酸E．赖氨酸8、造成钠缺乏的原因有____
A．呕吐B．腹泻C．使用利尿剂D．肾上腺皮质功能减退E．胆石症
9、尿液用于营养评价的意义在于____
A．用于测定人体蛋白质的需要量和氨基酸代谢实验B．用于测定水溶性维生素的耐受实验和研究水溶性维生素的需要量C．用于评价矿物质的代谢D．用于评价机体水溶性维生素的营养状况E．用于研究人体矿物质的需要量
10、中国居民膳食指南提倡多吃蔬菜、水果和薯类，主要目的是为人体供给____ A．优质蛋白质B．维生素C C．维生素D D．膳食纤维E．脂肪
11、促甲状腺激素(TSH)升高说明人体____
A．碘过量B．碘缺乏C．与碘无关D．甲状腺激素增多E．甲状腺激素减少
12、海产食品含有丰富的：
A．磷
B．硫
C．碘
D．硒
13、在健康教育中，人们最常用的手段是____
A．人际关系B．人际传播C．群体传播D．群体互惠E．群体受益
14、植物固醇不溶于____中。
A．乙醚B．水C．苯D．碱E．酸
15、评价群体生长发育状况的Z评分法公式为______。
A．Z评分=(儿童测量数据-参考标准的中位数)/参考标准的标准差
B．Z评分=(儿童测量数据-参考标准的平均值)/参考标准的中位数
C．Z评分=(儿童测量数据-参考标准的中位数)/参考标准的中位数
D．Z评分=(儿童测量数据-参考标准的平均值)/参考标准的标准差
16、____对金属毒物的吸收和毒性有较大影响。
A．蛋白质B．碳水化合物C．维生素C D．维生素B E．水17、引起肉毒梭菌食物中毒最常见的原因为____
A．鱼制品B．肉制品C．肉毒梭菌产生的外毒素D．肉毒梭菌产生的内毒素
18、孕前体重正常，计划哺乳的女性，其适宜的孕期增重为______kg。
A．10
B．12
C．14
D．15
19、影响铁吸收的体内因素有____
A．铁需要量B．铁储存量C．食物通过肠道的时间D．胃酸20、那一种不是运输蛋白
A：a、血红蛋白
B：b、肌动蛋白
C：c、脂蛋白
D：d、视网醇结合蛋白。
21、最没有动感的宣传资料是__。
A．印刷品
B．幻灯片
C．录像带
D．光盘
22、影响基础代谢的因素有____
A．年龄B．激素C．性别D．体表面积E．季节
23、下列食物中哪些食物ω—3多不饱和脂肪酸(也称n—3多不饱和脂肪酸)含量高____
A．三文鱼B．沙丁鱼C．菠菜D．猪肉
24、大豆及其制品是老年人的最佳食物选择，主要是因为____
A．大豆蛋白属于优质蛋白B．大豆中的植物化学物质可预防骨质疏松C．大豆及其制品有利于防治心血管疾病D．大豆及其制品廉价E．大豆及其制品容易获取
25、叶酸缺乏的临床表现包括____
A．巨幼红细胞贫血B．妊娠中毒C．早产D．脊柱裂E．无脑儿
26、米、面制作中加碱或者油炸使营养素损失最大的是__。
A．硫胺素
B．核黄素
C．尼克酸
D．视黄醇
27、职业道德的基本规范包括______。
A．爱岗敬业
B．努力进取
C．诚实守信
D．办事公道
E．服务群众F．奉献社会
28、膳食中蛋白质、酒精和膳食纤维产热系数分别为__kcal/g。
A．4、2、7
B．4、7、2
C．7、2、4
D．7、4、2
29、关于人体构成，下列表述错误的是____
A．在组织水平上，人体是由组织、器官及系统构成的B．在分子水平上，人体是由蛋白质、脂类、碳水化合物、水及矿物质等构成的C．在细胞水平上，人体是由细胞、细胞外液及细胞外固体构成的D．人体内含有的元素有150种E．人体在各个水平上的构成是动态变化的
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