国际经济学选择,英文

International commodity agreements（大宗商品协议）①Production and export controls②Buffer stocks③Multilateral contracts
Import substitution: advantages①Risk of establishing home import-replacing industry is low because home market already exists②Easier for developing nations to protect their own markets than to force industrial nations to open theirs③Gives foreign firms an incentive to locate production in developing country, providing jobs
Import substitution: disadvantages Trade restrictions shelter home industry from competition, giving no incentive for efficiency Small size of most developing country markets makes it difficult to benefit from economies of scale. Protection of import-competing industries draws resources away from all other sectors, including potential exporters
Export-led growth: advantages Encourages industries in which developing countries are likely to have a comparative advantage - such as labor-intensive manufactures .Export markets allow domestic producers to utilize economies of scale .Low level of trade restrictions forces domestic firms to remain competitive
Export-led growth: disadvantages Main disadvantage to export-led growth is that it depends on the ability and willingness of industrial nations to absorb large quantities of manufactures from developing countries .In other words, it is sensitive to economic cycles and protectionist pressures in the export markets.
The major factors that influence foreign direct investment:a) market demand, b) trade restrictions, c) investment regulations, d) labor productivity and costs.
Controversial issues involving MNEs
1.Employment: Host country may not gain many jobs, foreign managers often brought in; source country worries about losing jobs
2.Technology transfer: MNEs are reluctant to share technology with host nations; source country worries about giving away advantage
3.National sovereignty: Host country worries about power of MNE to influence affairs; source country worries about ability to regulate MNE activities elsewhere
4.Balance of payments: MNE investments and profits (internal transfers) have impacts on the payments status of both source and host nations
5.Taxation: Source countries may have difficulty taxing MNE income stemming from foreign operations. Tax rate differences may discourage investment at home
6.Transfer pricing: Both host and source governments worry that MNEs may illegally manipulate prices paid between subsidiaries to avoid taxes
Developing nations’trade1.Very dependent on the developed industrial countries as export markets and source of imports2.Exports are heavily weighted toward primary products (agricultural goods, raw materials, fuels) and labor-intensive manufactures3.Share of manufactured exports is increasing, but mainly in a small number of newly industrialized nations (such as South Korea, Hong Kong)
Developing nations’concerns1.Question whether gains from trade with industrial countries have been fairly distributed2.Face problems of unstable export markets Concentration on one or a few primary-product exports combined with inelastic supply and demand conditions3.Argue that they face worsening terms of trade as relative value of primary products has fallen compared to manufactured goods they import4.Face limited market access for exports because of protectionism Especially for agricultural and labor-intensive goods
Types of regional trade arrangements Free trade areas (NAFTA, for example)
Customs unions (Benelux) Common markets (EU) Economic/monetary union。

合集下载

国际经济学题库(英文版)

Part Ⅰ. Fill in the blank with suitable content.1.Seven themes recur throughout the study of international economics. These are the gains from trade , the pattern of trade ,protectionism the balance of payments, exchange rate determination, international policy coordination, international capital market.2.Countries engage in international trade for two basic reasons :comparative advantage and economics of scale .3.A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity costof producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries.4. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. If aLC/aLW<aLC*/aLW*, Home has a comparative advantage in cheese. C p /W p is the relative price of cheese, when aLC/aLW< Pc/Pw<aLC*/aLW* Home and Foreign specialize in producing cheese and wine , respectively.5. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. L and L*are Home’s and Foreign’s labor force. IfLC a /LW a <C p /W p <*LCa /*LW a , the world relative supply of cheese equals 〔L/aLC 〕/(L*/aLW*) . Home’s gains from indirectly producing wine can be shown as (1/aLC)(Pc/Pw)－1/aLW6. In specific factors model(Q M =Q M (K, L M ); Q F =Q F (T, L F ); L=L M +L F ), if Home produces and trades manufactured goods for food , the overall comparison of the five change rate of goods price and factorprice M P ˆ、F P ˆ、K r ˆ、T r ˆ、W ˆinside Home is T F M K r P W P r ∧∧∧∧∧〉〉〉〉. That is, the real income of capitalists increase, it can be shown as ↑M K P r ↑↑M K P r .7. There are two main reasons why international trade has strong effects on the distribution of income.First,resources can ’t move immediately or costlessly form one industry to another Second Industries differ in the factors of production they demand.8. In the Heckscher-Ohlin model,Comparative advantage is influenced by the interaction between relative abundance and relative intensity9.According to stolper-sammelson effect if the relative price of a good rises, the real income of the factor which intensively used in that good will rise, while the real income of the other factor will fall. 10.According to 罗布津斯基效应Rybczynski effect , at unchanged relative goods price, if the supply of a factor of production increases, the output of the good that are intensive in that factor will rise, while the output of the other good will fall.11.According to H-O 模型H-O proposition , owners of a country’s abundant factors gain from trade, but owners of a country’s scare factors lose.12.According to 要素价格均等化命题Factor price equalization proposition , international trade produces a convergence 〔收敛〕 of relative goods prices. This convergence, in turns, causes the convergence of the relative factor prices. Trade leads to complete equalization of factor prices.〔完整的要素价格均等化〕 13. Three assumptions 〔假设〕 crucial to the prediction of factor price equalization are in reality untrue. These assumptions are (1)两个国家都生产两种产品both countries produce both goods (2)两国技术一样technologies are the same (3)存在贸易壁垒：天然壁垒和人为壁垒There are barriers to trade: natural barriers and artificial barriers .14.“U.S. exports were less capital -intensive than U.S. imports 〞 is known as 里昂惕夫悖论Leontief paradox .15.The Ricardian Model , the Specific Factor model and the H-O model may be viewed as special cases 〔特殊情况〕 of 标准贸易模型standard trade models16.The standard trade model derives 〔派生推导〕 a world relative supply curve 〔曲线〕 from production possibilities and a world relative demand curve from preferences.17.To export-biased growth, if the decline 〔下降〕 of the welfare caused by the deterioration 〔恶化〕 of the terms of trade swap over 〔交换〕 the rise of the welfare caused by growth, the growth is immiserizing growth (贫困化增长).18. Some economists argued that export-biased growth by poor nations would worsen their term of trade so much that they would be worse off than if they had not grown at all. This situation is known as immiserizing growth (贫困化增长).19.Immiserizing growth demands strict conditions, these conditions are economic growth is strongly export-biased ,the growing country is large enough to affect the worldprice ,RS and RD must be very steep . 20.According to “梅茨勒悖论Metzle paradox 〞, tariffs and export subsidies 〔补贴〕 might have perverse 〔有害的〕 effects on internal price. 21.In the model of “Monopolistic 〔垄断〕 Competition and Trade 〞, firms of an individual nation face the trade-off between economies of scale and variety of products .22. Marshall argued that there were three main reasons why a cluster of firms 〔企业集群〕may be more efficient than an individual firm in isolation:specialized supplies ,labor market pooling , knowledge spillovers (知识溢出)23.The pattern of intraindustry 〔产业内〕 trade itself is unpredicted, history and accident determine the details of the trade pattern.39. When there is external economies 〔外部经济〕, the pattern of international trade is determined by economics of scale interact with comparative advantage .24. The indexes 〔指标〕of intrainindustry trade of a industry can be calculated by the standard formula:25. Interindustry trade and intrainindustry 〔产业内〕 trade are the sources of gains from trade . When countries are similar in their relative factor supplies 、scale economies and product differentiations areimportant , intrainindustry trade is the dominant source 〔主要来源〕 of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade.26.The argument of temporary 〔暂时的〕 protection of industries to enable them to gain experience is known as 幼稚产业论the infant industry argument27. If we add together the gains and losses from a tariff, We find the net effect on national welfare can be separated into two parts:terms of trade gain and efficiency loss28.Why do countries adopt trade policies such as tariff or import quota, which produce more costs than benefits?——trade politics29.In the political economy of trade policy 〔贸易政策的政治经济学〕 , government are assumed to 〔被假定为〕maximize 政治成功political success rather than 国家福利national welfare .30.Deviations from free trade can sometimes increase national welfare. These arguments include the term of trade argument for a tariff and the domestic market failure argument31.According to “Specific rule (对症规那么)〞, domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic policies aimed directly at the problem’s sources.32. Although market failures are probably common, the domestic market failure argument against free trade should not be applied too freely.First domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic policies aimed directly at the problems ’sources ;Second economists cannot diagnose market failure well enough to prescribe policy .33. International trade often produces losers as well as winners. In the actual politics of trade policy, income distribution is of crucial importance. 集体行动问题The problem of collective action can explain why policies that not only seem to produce more costs than benefits but that also seem to hurt far more voters them they can help can nonetheless be adopted.34.The WTO includes four aspects content: GATT 1994,GATS ,TRIPS , TRIMS 35.“Nondiscriminatory 〞 principles 〔非歧视性原那么〕include most favored nation principle and national treatment principle36.For preferential 〔优惠〕 trading agreements, such as customs union , countries must cede part of their sovereignty to supranational entity 〔必须放弃局部主权的超国家实体〕 37.Whether a customs union 〔关税同盟〕 is desirable 〔可取〕 or undesirable depends on whether it largelyexp 1exp orts importsI orts imports -=-+industrialization and coping with the problems of the dual economy. Correspondingly, there are two main arguments for developing countries to pursue policy of import-substituting industrialization. The two arguments are the infant industry argumentt and market failure justification for infant industry protection . 40. Sophisticated proponents of the infant industry argument have identified two market failures as reasons why infant industry protection may be a good idea:The imperfect capital markets justification and The appropriability argument .Part Ⅱ. True or False (true and false are denoted by “T 〞 and “F 〞, respectively) 1.If a LW */a L C *<a LW /a L C , Home’s relative productivity in cheese is higher.(T )2. According to the Ricardian model, it is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good.The good for which *Lia /Li a >w /*w will be produced in Foreign.(F ) 3.It is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good.( T)4.Long-run convergence(长期收敛) in productivity 〔生产力〕produces long-run convergence in wages.( T)5. “Korean workers earn only $2.50 an hour; if we allow Korea to export as much as it likes to the United States, our workers will be forced down to the same level. You can’t import a $5 shirt without importing the $2.50 wage that goes with it.〞 (F )6.The proposition that trade is beneficial is unqualified(不合格). That is, there is no requirement that a country be “competitive 〞 or that the trade be “fair 〞. ( T)7.Free trade is beneficial only if your country is strong enough to stand up to foreign competition. ( F ) 8.Foreign competition is unfair and hurts other countries when it is based on low wages. 〔F 〕9.Trade exploits a country and make it worse off if its workers receive much lower wage than workers in other nations. (F )10.The Ricardian Model predicts an extreme degree(预测一个极端的程度) of specialization(专业化). ( T )11.The Ricardian Model neglects(忽略) the effects on income distribution. (T )12.The basic prediction of the Ricardian model has been strongly confirmed by a number of studies over years. ( T )13.The Ricardian Model predicts that countries tend to export those goods in which their productivity is relative high. ( T )14.We can think of factor specificity as a matter of time. ( T )15.The opportunity cost of manufacture in terms of food is denoted by(表示) MPL M /MPL F .( F ) 16.A equal proportional change in price have no real effects on the real wage, real income of capital owner and land owner. ( T )17.Trade benefits the factor that is specific to the import-competing sectors of each country but hurts the factor to the export sectors, with ambiguous effects on mobile factors. ( F )18.It is possible in principle for a country’s government to use taxes and subsidies (补贴) to redistribute 〔重新分配〕 income to give each individual more of both goods. ( T )19. Although international trade has strong effects on income distribution, there are still possible in principle to make each individual better off. ( T )20.Typically, those who gain from trade in any particular product are a much more concentrated, informed, and organized group than those who lose. ( F)21. Conflicts of interest(利益冲突) within nations are usually more important in determining trade policy than conflicts of interest between nations. ( T )22.Generally, economists do not regard the income distribution effects of trade as a good reason to limit trade. ( T )23.The formulation of trade policy(贸易政策的制定) is a kind of political process(政治进程). ( T)24. “The world’s poorest countries can’t find anything to export. There is no resource that is abundant—certainly not capital or land, and in small poor nations not even labor is abundant.〞( F ) 25.Wage inequality in U.S. increased between the late 1970s and the early 1990s, economists attribute the change to the growing exports of manufactured goods from NIEs. ( T )26.If the factor-proportion theory was right, a country would always export factors for which the income share exceeded the factor share, import factors for which it was less. ( F )27.The H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade(贸易量). ( T )28.Factor trade in general turns out to be much smaller than the H-O model predicts. ( T )29. According to an influential recent paper, the H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade. Factor trade in general turn out to be t he same a s the H-O model predicts. ( F )30. Only by dropping the Heckscher-Ohlin assumption that technologies are the same across the countries can the overall pattern of international trade be well predicted by the H-O model. ( T )31.If a country want to maximize its national welfare, the consumption point is where the highest isovalue line is tangent to the highest reachable indifference curve. ( T)32.A rise in the terms of trade increases a country’s welfare, while a decline in the terms of trade reduces its welfare. ( T )33.Export-biased growth tends to improve the growing country’s terms of trade at the rest of the world’s expense.( F )34.If the two countries allocate(分配) their change in spending in the same proportions, there will not be a terms of trade effect. ( T )35. If the country receiving a transfer spends a higher proportion of an increase income on its export good than the giver, a transfer raises world relative demand for the recipient’s export good and thus improve it s terms of trade. ( T )36.A transfer worsens the donor’s terms of trade if the donor has a higher mariginal propensity to spend on its export good than the recipient(受体). ( T )37.A transfer improves the donor’s terms of trade, worsens recipient’s terms of trade.( F )38.A transfer of income——say foreign aid——could conceivably leave the recipient worse off. ( T )39.A tariff improves Home’s terms of trade and worsens Foreign’s, while a Home export subsidy worsens Home’s terms of trade and improve Foreign’s.( T )40. Where there is economies of scale, there is imperfectly competitive market structure. ( F )41.If intraindustry trade is the dominant source of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade. ( T )42.Effect on the distribution of income within countries often weight more heavily on policy than terms of trade concerns.( T )43.The usual market structure in industries characterized by internal economies of scale is monopolistic competition. ( F )44.Today, antidumping(反倾销) may be a device of protectionism. ( T )45.Reciprocal(相互) dumping tends to increase the volume of trade in goods that are quite identical 〔一致〕. ( F )46.It is possible that reciprocal dumping increase national welfare. ( T )47.Strong external(外部) economies tend to “locked in〞the existing patterns of interindustry trade, even if the patterns are run counter to(背道而驰) comparative advantage.( T )48.A trading country can conceivably lose from trade is potentially justify protectionism.( T )49.Like static external economies, dynamic external economies can lock in an initial advantage in an industry. ( T )50.The stratigic trade policy is related to the model of “Monopo listiccompetition, differentiate products and intraindustry trade〞. ( F )51.The model “Oligopoly, homogeneous products and intraindustry trade〞is first developed by Krugman and Helpman . ( F )52.Trade in factors is very much like trade in goods, it occurs for much the same reasons and produces similar results. ( T )53.Trade in factors is an alternative(替代) to trade in goods for the allocation of resources. ( T )54.Wh en a country borrows, it’s intertemporal PPF is biased toward Q P.( F )55.The relative price of future consumption goods Q P is (1+r). ( T )56.The dynamic path of TNC s’ enter foreign market：FDI→Export→Licence. (F)57.Tariffs may have very different effects on different stages of production of a good. ( T )58.Nominal(名义)tariff reflects the effective rate of protection(有效保护率).(F)59.The costs and benefits analysis of a tariff is correct if only the direct gains to producers and consumers in a given market accurately measure the social gains.( T )60.The costs and benefits analysis o f a tariff is correct if only a dollar’s worth of benefits to each group is the same. ( T )61.A VER is exactly like an import quota which the license are assigned to foreign government.( T )62.VER S are much more costly than tariffs. ( T )63.Local content laws have been widely used by developing countries trying to shift their manufacturing from assembly back into intermediate goods. ( T )64. A political argument for free trade reflects the fact that a political commitment to free trade may be a good idea in practice even though there may be better policies in principle. ( T )65.Deviations from free trade can sometimes increase national welfare. (T)66.For a sufficiently small tariff the terms of trade gain of small country must outweigh the efficiency loss.( F )67.The domestic market failure argument against free trade is intellectually impeccable but of doubtful usefulness. (F )68. “U.S. farm exports don’t just mean higher incomes for farmers — they mean higher income for everyone who sell goods and services to the U.S. farm sector〞. This remark is a potential valid argument for export subsidy. ( T )69.Most deviations from free trade are adopted not because their benefit exceed their costs but because the public fails to understand their true costs. ( T )70.If there is marginal social costs rather than marginal social benefits, domestic market failure reinforce the case for free trade. ( T )71.The electoral competition model believes political competition will drive both parties to propose tariffs close to t M, the tariff preferred by the medium voter. ( T)72.The problem of collective action can best be overcome when a group is large and/or well organized. 〔F〕73.Trade policy that produce more costs than benefits, hurt more consumers than producers can’t be adopted. ( F )74. As a violation of the MFN(“most favored nation〞) principle, the WTO forbids preferential trading agreements in general, but allows them if they lead to free trade between the agreeing countries. ( T )75.The infant industry argumentviolates (违背)the principle of comparative advantage( T )76.Import substituting industrialization(进口替代工业化) violates the principle of comparative advantage.( T )77. “Import quotas on capital-intensive industrial goods and subsidies for the import of capital equipment were meant to create manufacturing jobs in many developing countries. Unfortunately, they have probably helped create the urban unemployment problem.〞( T )78.The East Asian Miracle proved that industrialization and development must be based on import substitution. ( F )79.It is impossible for country to make itself worse off by joining accustoms union(联盟). ( F )PartⅢ. Choose the ONLY one collect answer in each question.1. An important insight〔启示〕of international trade theory is that when countries exchange goods and services one with the other itA.is always beneficial to both countries.B.is usually beneficial to both countries.C.is typically beneficial only to the low wage trade partner country .D.is typically harmful to the technologically lagging country.E.tends to create unemployment in both countries.2. If there are large disparities〔差距〕in wage levels between countries, thenA. trade is likely to be harmful to both countries.B. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the high wages.C. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the low wages.D. trade is likely to be harmful to neither country.E. trade is likely to have no effect on either country.3.Cost-benefit analysis of international trade〔本钱收益分析〕A.is basically useless.B.is empirically intractable.C.focuses attention on conflicts of interest within countries.D.focuses attention on conflicts of interests between countries.E.None of the above.4. A primary reason why nations conduct international trade is because of differences inA.historical perspective.B.location.C.resource availabilities.D.tastes.E.incomes.5. Arguments for free trade are sometimes disregarded〔无视〕by the political process becauseA.economists tend to favor highly protected domestic markets.B.economists have a universally accepted decisive power over the political decision mechanism.C.maximizing consumer welfare may not be a chief priority〔优先〕for politicians. 扩大消费者福利不是最主要的D.the gains of trade are of paramount concern to typical consumers.E.None of the above.6.Proponents〔支持〕of free trade claim all of the following as advantages except＿＿A. relatively high wage levels for all domestic workers.B. a wider selection of products for consumersC. increased competition for world producers.D. the utilization of the most efficient production processes.E. None of the above.In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in the production of one particular product we need information on at least ____unit labor requirementsA.oneB.twoC.threeD fourE five7. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itD.is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.E.is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically.F.is producing exports using fewer labor units.G.is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.H.None of the above.8. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find its consumption bundle 〔消费约束〕A.inside its production possibilities frontier.B.on its production possibilities frontier.C.outside its production possibilities frontier 〔生产可能性边界〕.D.inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E.on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.9.If a very small country trades with a very large country according to the Ricardian model, thenA.the small country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.B.the large country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.C.the small country will enjoy gains from trade.D.the large country will enjoy gains from trade.E.None of the above.10.If the world terms of trade for a country are somewhere between the domestic cost ratio of H and that of F, thenA.country H but not country F will gain from trade.B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.11.If a production possibilities frontier is bowed out (concave to the origin) )(上凸，凹面向原点), then production occurs under conditions ofA.constant opportunity costs.B.increasing opportunity costs.C.decreasing opportunity costs.D.infinite opportunity costs.E.None of the above.12.If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then trade between them is not likely ifA.their supply curves are identical.B.their cost functions are identical.C.their demand conditions identical.D.their incomes are identical.E.None of the above.13.Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA.U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B.U.S. productivity equaled 30 units per hour whereas Japan's was 20.C.U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 and Japan's 30.D.U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 and Japan's 25 units per hour.E.None of the above.14.International trade has strong effects on income distributions. Therefore, international trade A.is beneficial to everyone in both trading countries.B.will tend to hurt one trading country.C.will tend to hurt some groups in each trading country.D.will tend to hurt everyone in both countries.E.will be beneficial to all those engaged in international trade.15.If the price of the capital intensive product rises, wages willA.rise but by less than the price of the capital-intensive product.〔工资刚性，变动较慢〕B.rise by more than the rise in the price of the capital-intensive product.C.remain proportionally equal to the price of the capital-intensive product.D.fall, since higher prices cause less demand.E.None of the above.16.If Australia has more land per worker, and Belgium has more capital per worker, then if trade were to open up between these two countries,A.the real income of capital owners in Australia would rise.B.the real income of labor in Australia would clearly rise.C.the real income of labor in Belgium would clearly rise.D.the real income of landowners in Belgium would fall. 贸易知识使一国丰富要素部门得利，稀缺要素部门受损〕E.the real incomes of capital owners in both countries would rise.17.If the price of manufactures and the price of food increase by 25%, thenA.the economy moves down its aggregate supply curve.B.the economy moves back along its aggregate demand curve.C.the relative quantities〔相对数量〕of manufactures and food remain unchanged.D.the relative quantities of products change by 25%.E.None of the above.18.If the price of manufactures rises, thenA.the price of food also rises.B.the quantity of food produced falls.C.the quantity of both manufactures and food falls.D.the purchasing power of labor in terms of food falls.E.None of the above.18.Groups that lose from trade tend to lobby(游说)the government to〔贸易失利者游说政府〕A.shift the direction of comparative advantage.B.abolish the Specific Factor model from practical application.C.provide public support for the relatively efficient sectors.D.provide protection for the relatively inefficient sectors.E.None of the above.19.The specific factor model argues that if land can be used both for food production and for manufacturing, then a quota that protects food production willA.clearly help landowners.B.clearly hurt landowners.C.clearly help manufacture but hurt food production.D.have an ambiguous effect on the welfare oflandowners.E.None of the above.20.If, relative to its trade partners, Gambinia has many workers but very little land and even less productive capital, then, following the specific factor model, we know that Gambinia has a comparative advantage inA.manufactures.B.food.C.both manufactures and food.D.neither manufactures nor food.E.None of the above.21.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, an influx of workers from across the border would〔劳动者越过国境流入〕A.move the point of production along the production possibility curve.B.shift the production possibility curve outward, and increase the production of both goods.C.shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of thelabor-intensive product.D.shift the production possibility curve下降，扩展了生产可能性曲线，相当于扩展了消费的总量〕E.None of the above.22.The 1987 study by Bowen, Leamer and SveikauskasA.supported the validity of the Leontieff Paradox.B.supported the validity of theHeckscher-Ohlin model.ed a two-country and two-product framework.D.demonstrated that in fact countries tend to use different technologies.E.proved that the U.S.'s comparative advantage relied on skilled labor.23.The Case of the Missing Trade refers toA.the 9th volume of the Hardy Boys' Mystery series.B.the fact that world exports does not equal world imports.C.the fact that factor trade is less than predicted by the Heckscher-Ohlin theory.D.the fact that the Heckscher Ohlin theory predicts much less volume of trade than actually exists.E.None of the above. 24.One way in which the Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ricardo model of comparative advantage is by assuming that _技术一样__ is (are) identical in all countries.A.factor of production endowmentsB.scale economiesC.factor of production intensitiesD.technologyE.opportunity costs25.As opposed to the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, the assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that the probability is greater that with trade A.countries will not be fully specialized〔专业化〕in one product.B.countries will benefit from free international trade.C.countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.parative advantage is primarily supply related.E.None of the above.26.Suppose that there are two factors, capital and land, and that the United States is relatively land endowed while the European Union is relatively capital-endowed. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model,A.European landowners should supportUS-European free trade.B.European capitalists should supportUS-European free trade.C.all capitalists in both countries should support free trade.D.all landowners should support free trade.E.None of the above.27.According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, if the United State s is richly endowed inhuman-capital relative to Mexico, then as NAFTA increasingly leads to more bilateral free trade between the two countries,A.the United States will find its industrial base sucked into Mexico.B.Mexico will find its relatively highly skilled workers drawn to the United States.C.The wages of highly skilled U.S. workers will be drawn down to Mexican levels.D.The wages of highly skilled Mexican workers will rise to those in the United States.E.The wages of highly skilled Mexican workers will fall to those in the United States. 〔墨西哥高技术工人工资降低到美国同水平〕28.If two countries were very different in their。

国际经济学(英文版)

Chapter 13 Balance of Payment13.1 IntroductionInternational finance: examination of the monetary aspects of international economicsBalance of Payment: a summary statement in which all the transactions of the nation’s residents with the foreigners are recorded during a certain period.Main purpose of BOP: inform the government of the international position of the nation; to help it in its monetary, fiscal and trade policies.BOP traits: The BOP aggregates all the trades into a few categoriesOnly the net balance of each type of international capital flow is includedInternational transaction: Exchange of a good, service or assets between the residents of two nations. Gifts and certain transfers + International TransactionsPeople Concerning BOP: Diplomats, soldiers, tourists and workers belong to motherlandCorporation: motherland/ foreign branches: localInternational institutions: nowhere13.2 BOP Accounting PrinciplesCredit transactions: involve the receipt of payments from foreigners +Exports, unilateral transfers and goods received, capital inflowCapital inflow:an increase in foreign assets in the nation/本国持有外国资产上升a reduction in the nation’s assets abroad/本国在外资产减少Debit transactions: involve the making of payments to the foreigners -Imports, unilateral transfers or gifts paid, capital outflowCapital Outflow:an increase in the nation’s assets abroada reduction in foreign assets in the nationDouble-Entry Bookkeeping: each international transaction is recorded twice, once as a credit and onceas a debit of an equal amount.5 Examples in Textbooks13.3 The International Transactions of the USArounding.The official reserve assets:✓Gold holdings of monetary authorities黄金储备✓Special Drawing Rights特别提款权(paper gold)International reserves created on the books of the IMF and distributed to member nations according toimportance in international trade✓The reserve position in the IMF在IMF的头寸The reserves paid in by the nation on joining the IMF, which the nation can then borrow automatically andwithout questions asked in case of need✓The official foreign currency holdings of monetary authorities外汇储备Statistical Discrepancy: This is required to make the total credits equal to the total debits, as required bydouble-entry bookkeeping.13.4 Accounting Balances and Disequilibrium in International TransactionsAutonomous transactions: transactions in current account + capital accountTake place for business or profit motives and independently of BOPconsiderationsItems above the lineCurrent account:All sales and purchases of currency produced goods and services, investment incomes, and unilateral transfersLink between the nation’s international transactions and its national incomeCurrent account surplus stimulates domestic production and income. Current account deficitdampens domestic production and income.Capital account:The changes in US-owned assets abroad and foreign-owned assets in the US other than official reserve assetsChange in reserves reflects government policy rather than the market force.Accommodating transactions: Transactions in official reserve assetsItems below the lineThe accommodating items form the Official Reserve Account.The balance on the official reserve account is called the Official Settlements Balance.Deficit in the BOP:The excess of debits over credits in the current and capital accountsThe excess of credits over debits in official reserve accountSurplus in the BOP:The excess of debits over credits in official reserve accountThe excess of credits over debits in the current and capital accountsChapter 14 Foreign Exchange Markets and Exchange rates 14.1 IntroductionForeign exchange market : The market in which individuals, firms and banks buy and sell foreigncurrencies or foreign exchange.14.2 Functions of the Foreign Exchange Markets The principle function :The transfer of funds or purchasing power from one nation and currency to anotherThis is usually accomplished by an electronic transfer and increasingly through the Internet .Through the internet, a domestic bank instructs its correspondent bank in a foreign monetary center to pay a special amount of the local currency to a person, firm or an account.外汇供给：外国游客来访出口接受外国投资外汇需求：本国人外出游进口对外投资4 levels of transactors or participants :Traditional users The immediate users and suppliers of foreign currencies Commercial bank A cleaning houses between the users and earners of foreign exchange Foreign exchange broker interbank or wholesale marketAs Clearinghouses for surpluses and shortages between the commercial banks Central bank Act as the seller or buyer of last resort when the nation ’s total foreignexchange earnings and expenditures are unequalInternational currency / Vehicle currencySome nations ’ currencies are globally accepted and used as vehicle currencies.The US receives a seignorage benefit when the dollar is used as a vehicle currency.铸币税：国家发行货币吸纳黄金之后，货币贬值，使得持币方财富减少，发行方财富增加。

国际经济学英文题库（最全版附答案）

【国际经济学】英文题库Chapter 1: IntroductionMultiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States?*A. Coffee, tea, cocoaB. steel, copper, aluminumC. petroleum, coal, natural gasD. typewriters, computers, airplanes2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of:A. the United States*B. SwitzerlandC. GermanyD. England3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has:*A. grownB. diminishedC. remained unchangedD. cannot say4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by:A. the size of the nations' populationB. the percentage of its population to its GDP*C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDPD. all of the above 5. Economic interdependence is greater for:*A. small nationsB. large nationsC. developed nationsD. developing nations6. The gravity model of international trade predicts that trade between two nations is larger A. the larger the two nationsB. the closer the nationsC. the more open are the two nations*D. all of the above7. International economics deals with:A. the flow of goods, services, and payments among nationsB. policies directed at regulating the flow of goods, services, and paymentsC. the effects of policies on the welfare of the nation*D. all of the above 8. International trade theory refers to:*A. the microeconomic aspects of international tradeB. the macroeconomic aspects of international tradeC. open economy macroeconomics or international financeD. all of the above 9. Which of the following is not the subject matter of international finance?A. foreign exchange marketsB. the balance of payments*C. the basis and the gains from tradeD. policies to adjust balance of payments disequilibria10. Economic theory:A. seeks to explain economic eventsB. seeks to predict economic eventsC. abstracts from the many detail that surrounds an economic event*D. all of the above11. Which of the following is not an assumption generally made in the study of inter national economics?A. two nationsB. two commodities*C. perfect international mobility of factorsD. two factors of production12. In the study of international economics:A. international trade policies are examined before the bases for tradeB. adjustment policies are discussed before the balance of paymentsC. the case of many nations is discussed before the two-nations case*D. none of the above13. International trade is similar to interregional trade in that both must overcome:*A. distance and spaceB. trade restrictionsC. differences in currenciesD. differences in monetary systems14. The opening or expansion of international trade usually affects all members of so ciety: A. positivelyB. negatively*C. most positively but some negativelyD. most negatively but some positively15. An increase in the dollar price of a foreign currency usually:A. benefit U.S. importers*B. benefits U.S. exportersC. benefit both U.S. importers and U.S. exportersD. harms both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters16. Which of the following statements with regard to international economics is true?A. It is a relatively new field*B. it is a relatively old fieldC. most of its contributors were not economistsD. none of the above思考题：1.为什么学习国际经济学非常重要？2.列举体现当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件，它们为什么重要？3.当今世界面临的最重要的国家经济问题是什么？全球化的利弊各是什么？Chapter 2: The Law of Comparative Advantage Multiple-Choice Questions1. The Mercantilists did not advocate:*A.free tradeB. stimulating the nation's exportsC. restricting the nations' importsD. the accumulation of gold by the nation2. According to Adam Smith, international trade was based on:*A. absolute advantageB. comparative advantageC. both absolute and comparative advantageD. neither absolute nor comparative advantage3. What proportion of international trade is based on absolute advantage?A. AllB. most*C. someD. none4. The commodity in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is the commodity of its:A. absolute disadvantageB. absolute advantageC. comparative disadvantage*D. comparative advantage5. If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established tha t nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nation B must have:A. an absolute advantage in commodity YB. an absolute disadvantage in commodity YC. a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*D. a comparative advantage in commodity Y6. If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while nation B can produce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input):A. nation A has a comparative disadvantage in commodity XB. nation B has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*C. nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity XD. nation A has a comparative advantage in neither commodity7. With reference to the statement in Question 6:A. Px/Py=1 in nation AB. Px/Py=3 in nation BC. Py/Px=1/3 in nation B*D. all of the above8. With reference to the statement in Question 6, if 3X is exchanged for 3Y:A. nation A gains 2X*B. nation B gains 6YC. nation A gains 3YD. nation B gains 3Y9. With reference to the statement of Question 6, the range of mutually beneficial tra de between nation A and B is:A. 3Y < 3X < 5YB. 5Y < 3X < 9Y*C. 3Y < 3X < 9YD. 1Y < 3X < 3Y10. If domestically 3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:A. there will be no trade between the two nationsB. the relative price of X is the same in both nationsC. the relative price of Y is the same in both nations*D. all of the above11. Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of:*A. the labor theory of valueB. the opportunity cost theoryC. the law of diminishing returnsD. all of the above12. Which of the following statements is true?A. The combined demand for each commodity by the two nations is negatively slope dB. the combined supply for each commodity by the two nations is rising stepwiseC. the equilibrium relative commodity price for each commodity with trade is giv en by the intersection of the demand and supply of each commodity by the two nati ons*D. all of the above13. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based upo difference in:n a difference A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above14. In the trade between a small and a large nation:A. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from trade*B. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeC. the gains from trade are likely to be equally sharedD. we cannot say15. The Ricardian trade model has been empirically*A. verifiedB. rejectedC. not testedD. tested but the results were inconclusive思考题：比较优势原理所带来的贸易所得是从何而来的？贸易利益又是如何分配的？现实世界中比较优势是如何度量的？你认为目前中国具有比较优势的商品有哪些？这意味着什么？比较优势会不会发生变化？什么样的原因可能会导致其变化？经济学家是如何验证比较优势原理的？Chapter 3: The Standard Theory of International TradeMultiple-Choice Questions1. A production frontier that is concave from the origin indicates that the nation incur s i ncreasing increasing opportunity costs in the production of:A. commodity X onlyB. commodity Y only*C. both commoditiesD. neither commodity2. The marginal rate of transformation (MRT) of X for Y refers to:A. the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of XB. the opportunity cost of XC. the absolute slope of the production frontier at the point of production*D. all of the above3. Which of the following is not a reason for increasing opportunity costs:*A. technology differs among nationsB. factors of production are not homogeneousC. factors of production are not used in the same fixed proportion in the production of all commoditiesD. for the nation to produce more of a commodity, it must use resources that are le ss and less suited in the production of the commodity4. Community indifference curves:A. are negatively slopedB. are convex to the originC. should not cross*D. all of the above5. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of X for Y in consumption refers to the:A. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y and still remain o n the same indifference curve*B. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X and still remain on the same indifference curveC. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y to reach a higher indifference curveD. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X to reach a higher indifference curve6. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the MRS of X for Y?A. It is given by the absolute slope of the indifference curveB. declines as the nation moves down an indifference curveC. rises as the nation moves up an indifference curve*D. all of the above 7. Which of the following statements about community indifference curves is true?A. They are entirely unrelated to individuals' community indifference curvesB. they cross, they cannot be used in the analysis*C. the problems arising from intersecting community indifference curves can be over come by the application of the compensation principleD. all of the above. 8. Which of the following is not true for a nation that is in equilibrium in isolation?*A. It consumes inside its production frontierB. it reaches the highest indifference curve possible with its production frontierC. the indifference curve is tangent to the nation's production frontierD. MRT of X for Y equals MRS of X for Y, and they are equal to Px/Py 9. If the internal Px/Py is lower in nation 1 than in nation 2 without trade:A. nation 1 has a comparative advantage in commodity YB. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity X*C. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity YD. none of the above10. Nation 1's share of the gains from trade will be greater:A. the greater is nation 1's demand for nation 2's exports*B. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 2's pretrade Px/PyC. the weaker is nation 2's demand for nation 1's exportsD. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 1's pretrade Px/Py11. If Px/Py exceeds the equilibrium relative Px/Py with tradeequilibr A. the nation exporting commodity X will want to export more of X than at e quilibr iumequilibri B. the nation importing commodity X will want to import less of X than at e quilibri umC. Px/Py will fall toward the equilibrium Px/Py*D. all of the above12. With free trade under increasing costs:A. neither nation will specialize completely in productionB. at least one nation will consume above its production frontierC. a small nation will always gain from trade*D. all of the above13. Which of the following statements is false?A.The gains from trade can be broken down into the gains from exchange and the gains from specializationB. gains from exchange result even without specialization*C. gains from specialization result even without exchangeD. none of the above14. The gains from exchange with respect to the gains from specialization are alway s:A. greaterB. smallerC. equal*D. we cannot say without additional information15. Mutually beneficial trade cannot occur if production frontiers are:A. equal but tastes are notB. different but tastes are the sameC. different and tastes are also different*D. the same and tastes are also the same.思考题：国际贸易的标准理论与大卫.李嘉图的比较优势原理有何异同？两国仅仅由于需求偏好不同可以进行市场分工和狐狸贸易吗？两国仅仅由于要素禀赋不同和/或生产技术不同可以进行分工和贸易吗?Chapter 4: Demand and Supply, Offer Curves, and the Terms of Trade Multiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is correct? A. The demand for imports is given by the excess demand for the commodityB. the supply of exports is given by the excess supply of the commodityC. the supply curve of exports is flatter than the total supply curve of the commodity *D. all of the above2. At a relative commodity price above equilibriumA. the excess demand for a commodity exceeds the excess supply of the commodityB. the quantity demanded of imports exceeds the quantity supplied of exports*C. the commodity price will fallD. all of the above3. The offer curve of a nation shows:A. the supply of a nation's importsB. the demand for a nation's exportsC. the trade partner's demand for imports and supply of exports*D. the nation's demand for imports and supply of exports4. The offer curve of a nation bulges toward the axis measuring the nationsA. import commodity*B. export commodityC. export or import commodityD. nontraded commodity5. Export prices must rise for a nation to increase its exports because the nation:A. incurs increasing opportunity costs in export productionB. faces decreasing opportunity costs in producing import substitutesC. faces decreasing marginal rate of substitution in consumption*D. all of the above6. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is false?A. It relies on traditional demand and supply curvesB. it isolates for study one market*C. it can be used to determine the equilibrium relative commodity price but not the equilibrium quantity with tradeD. none of the above7. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is true?A. The demand and supply curve are derived from the nation's production frontier an d indifference mapB. It shows the same basic information as offer curvesC. It shows the same equilibrium relative commodity prices as with offer curves*D. all of the above 8. In what way does partial equilibrium analysis differ from general equilibrium analy sis?A. The former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium price with tradeB. the former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium quantity with tradeC. the former but not the latter takes into consideration the interaction among all ma rkets in the economy*D. the former gives only an approximation to the answer sought.9. If the terms of trade of a nation are 1.5 in a two-nation world, those of the tradepartner are:A. 3/4*B. 2/3C. 3/2D. 4/310. If the terms of trade increase in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner:*A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the above11. If a nation does not affect world prices by its trading, its offer curve:A. is a straight lineB. bulges toward the axis measuring the import commodity*C. intersects the straight-line segment of the world's offer curveD. intersects the positively-sloped portion of the world's offer curve12. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodityB. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodity C. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity *D. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity13. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's terms of trade remain unchanged*B. the nation's terms of trade deteriorateC. the partner's terms of trade deteriorateD. any of the above14. If the tastes for a nation import commodity increases, trade volume:*A. increasesB. declinesC. remains unchangedD. any of the above15. A deterioration of a nation's terms of trade causes the nation's welfare to:A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchanged*D. any of the above思考题：提供曲线如何推导？有何用途？两国贸易时的均衡商品价格是如何决定的？受哪些因素影响？贸易条件的含义是？贸易条件的改善意味着什么？哪些因素可能导致贸易条件的改善？Chapter 5: Factor Endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory Multiple-Choice Questions1. The H-O model extends the classical trade model by:A. explaining the basis for comparative advantageB. examining the effect of trade on factor prices*C. both A and BD. neither A nor B2. Which is not an assumption of the H-O model:A. the same technology in both nationsB. constant returns to scale*C. complete specializationD. equal tastes in both nations3. With equal technology nations will have equal K/L in production if:*A. factor prices are the sameB. tastes are the sameC. production functions are the sameD. all of the above4. We say that commodity Y is K-intensive with respect to X when:A. more K is used in the production of Y than XB. less L is used in the production of Y than X*C. a lower L/K ratio is used in the production of Y than XD. a higher K/L is used in the production of X than Y5. When w/r falls, L/KA. falls in the production of both commodities*B. rises in the production of both commoditiesC. can rise or fallD. is not affected6. A nation is said to have a relative abundance of K if it has a:A. greater absolute amount of KB. smaller absolute amount of LC. higher L/K ratio*D. lower r/w 7. A difference in relative commodity prices between nations can be based on a diffe rence in:A. technologyB. factor endowmentsC. tastes*D. all of the above 8. In the H-O model, international trade is based mostly on a difference in:A. technology*B. factor endowmentsC. economies of scaleD. tastes 9. According to the H-O model, trade reduces international differences in:A. relative but not absolute factor pricesB. absolute but not relative factor prices*C. both relative and absolute factor pricesD. neither relative nor absolute factor prices10. According to the H-O model, international trade will:A. reduce international differences in per capita incomesB. increases international differences in per capita incomes*C. may increase or reduce international differences in per capita incomes D. lead to complete specialization11. The H-O model is a general equilibrium model because it deals with:A. production in both nationsB. consumption in both nationsC. trade between the two nations*D. all of the above12. The H-O model is a simplification of the a truly general equilibrium model b ecause because it deals with:A. two nationsB. two commoditiesC. two factors of production*D. all of the above13. The Leontief paradox refers to the empirical finding that U.S.*A. import substitutes are more K-intensive than exportsB. imports are more K-intensive than exportsC. exports are more L-intensive than importsD. exports are more K-intensive than import substitutes14. From empirical studies, we conclude that the H-O theory:A. must be rejectedB. must be accepted without reservations*C. can be accepted while awaiting further testingD. explains all international trade15. For factor reversal to occur, two commodities must be produced with:*A. sufficiently different elasticity of substitution of factors B. the same K/L ratioC. technologically-fixed factor proportionsD. equal elasticity of substitution of factors思考题：H-O理论有哪些假设？各假设的含义是什么？为什么要做出这些假设？如何检验H-O理论的正确性？H-O-S定理的假设条件又是什么？他与生产要素国际间的流动有何关系？如何检验H-O-S定理在现实中的可靠性？Chapter 6: Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International T radeMultiple-Choice Questions:1. Relaxing the assumptions on which the Heckscher-Ohlin theory rests:A. leads to rejection of the theoryB. leaves the theory unaffected*C. requires complementary trade theoriesD. any of the above.Which of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, leav ethe theory unaffected? t he A. Two nations, two commodities, and two factorsB. both nations use the same technologyC. the same commodity is L-intensive in both nations*D. all of the aboveWhich of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, require new trade theories? r equire *A. Economies of scaleB. incomplete specializationC. similar tastes in both nationsD. the existence of transportation costsInternational trade can be based on economies of scale even if both nations have ide ntical:A. factor endowmentsB. tastesC. technology*D. all of the above5. A great deal of international trade:A. is intra-industry tradeB. involves differentiated productsC. is based on monopolistic competition*D. all of the above6. The Heckscher-Ohlin and new trade theories explains most of the trade:A. among industrial countriesB. between developed and developing countriesC. in industrial goods*D. all of the aboveThe theory that a nation exports those products for which a large domestic market e xistswas advanced by: w as *A. LinderB. VernonC. LeontiefD. Ohlin8. Intra-industry trade takes place:A. because products are homogeneous*B. in order to take advantage of economies of scaleC. because perfect competition is the prevalent form of market organizationD. all of the aboveIf a nation exports twice as much of a differentiated product that it imports, its intra- i ndustry industry (T) index is equal to:A. 1.00B. 0.75*C. 0.50D. 0.2510. Trade based on technological gaps is closely related to:A. the H-O theory*B. the product-cycle theoryC. Linder's theoryD. all of the above11. Which of the following statements is true with regard to the product-cycle theor y?A. It depends on differences in technological changes over time among countriesB. it depends on the opening and the closing of technological gaps among countriesC. it postulates that industrial countries export more advanced products to less advanced countries*D. all of the above12. Transport costs:A. increase the price in the importing countryB. reduces the price in the exporting country*C. both of the aboveD. neither A nor B.13. Transport costs can be analyzed:A. with demand and supply curvesB. production frontiersC. offer curves*D. all of the above14. The share of transport costs will fall less heavily on the nation:*A. with the more elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityB. with the less elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityC. exporting agricultural productsD. with the largest domestic market15. A footloose industry is one in which the product:A. gains weight in processingB. loses weight in processingC. both of the above*D. neither A nor B.思考题：本章的贸易理论与基于比较优势的贸易理论有哪些不同？这两类贸易理论是互相排斥的吗？H-O理论与心贸易理论之间有什么经验关联？运输成本对H-O定理和H-O-S定理有何影响？不同的环保标准时如何影响产业选址及国际贸易的？2009年底联合国哥本哈根气候大会中的议题与国际贸易有何关系？这对我国经贸发展有何影响？Chapter 7: Economic Growth and International Trade Multiple-Choice Questions1. Dynamic factors in trade theory refer to changes in:A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above2. Doubling the amount of L and K under constant returns to scale:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityB. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityC. leaves the shape of the production frontier unchanged*D. all of the above.3. Doubling only the amount of L available under constant returns to scale:A. less than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. more than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityC. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityD. leaves the output of the K-intensive commodity unchanged4. The Rybczynski theorem postulates that doubling L at constant relative commodity prices:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. reduces the output of the K-intensive commodityC. increases the output of both commoditiesD. any of the above5. Doubling L is likely to:A. increases the relative price of the L-intensive commodityB. reduces the relative price of the K-intensive commodity*C. reduces the relative price of the L-intensive commodityD. any of the aboveTechnical progress that increases the productivity of L proportionately more than the productivity of K is called: p roductivity *A. capital savingB. labor savingC. neutralD. any of the above7. A 50 percent productivity increase in the production of commodity Y:A. increases the output of commodity Y by 50 percentB. does not affect the output of XC. shifts the production frontier in the Y direction only*D. any of the above8. Doubling L with trade in a small L-abundant nation:*A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of tradeD. all of the above 9. Doubling L with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the aboveIf, at unchanged terms of trade, a nation wants to trade more after growth, then the n ation's nation's terms of trade can be expected to:*A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the above A proportionately greater increase in the nation's supply of labor than of capital is lik ely to result in a deterioration in the nation's terms of trade if the nation exports: to A. the K-intensive commodity*B. the L-intensive commodityC. either commodityD. both commodities12. Technical progress in the nation's export commodity:*A. may reduce the nation's welfareB. will reduce the nation's welfareC. will increase the nation's welfareD. leaves the nation's welfare unchanged13. Doubling K with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. increases the nation's welfareB. improves the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the above14. An increase in tastes for the import commodity in both nations:A. reduces the volume of trade*B. increases the volume of tradeC. leaves the volume of trade unchangedD. any of the above15. An increase in tastes of the import commodity of Nation A and export in B:*A. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation AB. will increase the terms of trade of Nation AC. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation BD. any of the above思考题：要素积累和技术进步如何影响一国的生产可能性曲线的形状和位置？何种类型的经济增长最可恩能够导致国家福利的下降？那种类型的经济增长最可能导致国家福利的改善？Chapter 8: Trade Restrictions: TariffsMultiple-choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?A. An ad valorem tariff is expressed as a percentage of the value of the traded com modityB. A specific tariff is expressed as a fixed sum of the value of the traded commodity.C. Export tariffs are prohibited by the U.S. Constitution*D. The U.S. uses exclusively the specific tariff 2. A small nation is one:A. which does not affect world price by its tradingB. which faces an infinitely elastic world supply curve for its import commodityC. whose consumers will pay a price that exceeds the world price by the amount of t he tariff*D. all of the above3. If a small nation increases the tariff on its import commodity, its:A. consumption of the commodity increasesB. production of the commodity decreasesC. imports of the commodity increase*D. none of the aboveThe increase in producer surplus when a small nation imposes a tariff is measured by the area:*A. to the left of the supply curve between the commodity price with and without th e tariffB. under the supply curve between the quantity produced with and without the tariffC. under the demand curve between the commodity price with and without the tariffD. none of the above.。

国际经济学,选择题集（含答案）

国际经济学,选择题集（含答案）ContentsChapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model 2 Chapter 4 Specific Factors and Income Distribution 13 Chapter 5 Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model 22 Chapter 6 The Standard Trade Model 31 Chapter 7 Economies of Scale, imperfect Competition, and International Trade 41 Chapter 8 International Factor Movements 50 Chapter 9 The Instruments of Trade Policy 60Chapter 3: Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage - The Ricardian ModelMultiple Choice Questions1.Countries trade with each other because they are _______ and because of______.A. different, costsB. similar, scale economiesC. different, scale economiesD. similar, costsE.None of the above.2.Trade between two countries can benefit both countries ifA.each country exports that good in which it has a comparative advantage.B.each country enjoys superior terms of trade.C.each country has a more elastic demand for the imported goods.D.each country has a more elastic supply for the supplied goods.E.Both C and D.3.The Ricardian theory of comparative advantage states that a country has acomparative advantage in widgets ifA.output per worker of widgets is higher in that country.B.that country's exchange rate is low.C.wage rates in that country are high.D.the output per worker of widgets as compared to the output of some otherproduct is higher in that country.E.Both B and C.4.In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in theproduction of one particular product we need information on at least ____unitlabor requirementsA.oneB.twoC.threeE.five5. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itA.is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.B.is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it coulddomestically.D.is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.E.None of the above.6.Given the following information:Unit Labor RequirementsCloth WidgetsHome 10 20Foreign 60 30A.Neither country has a comparative advantage.B.Home has a comparative advantage in cloth.C.Foreign has a comparative advantage in cloth.D.Home has a comparative advantage in widgets.E.Home has a comparative advantage in both products.7.If it is ascertained that Foreign uses prison-slave labor to produce its exports, then home shouldA.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.8.If the Home economy suffered a meltdown, and the Unit Labor Requirements in each of the products quadrupled (that is, doubled to 30 for cloth and 60 for widgets) then home shouldA.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.9.If wages were to double in Home, then Home should:B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.10.If the world equilibrium price of widgets were 4 Cloths, thenA.both countries could benefit from trade with each other.B.neither country could benefit from trade with each other.C.each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparative advantage.D.neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoyscomparative advantage.E.both countries will want to specialize in cloth.11.Given the following information:Number of Units Produced by one Unit of LaborCloth WidgetsHome 10 20Foreign 60 30A.Neither country has a comparative advantage.B.Home has a comparative advantage in cloth.C.Foreign has a comparative advantage in cloth.D.Foreign has a comparative advantage in widgets.E.Home has a comparative advantage in both products.12.The opportunity cost of cloth in terms of widgets in Foreign is if it is ascertained that Foreign uses prison-slave labor to produce its exports, then home shouldA.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.13.If wages were to double in Home ,then Home shouldA.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.14.If the world equilibrium price of widgets were 4 Cloths, thenA.both countries could benefit from trade with each other.B.neither country could benefit from trade with each other.C.each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparativeadvantage.D.neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoyscomparative advantage.E.both countries will want to specialize in cloth.15.If the world equilibrium price of widgets were 40 cloths, thenA.both countries could benefit from trade with each other.B.neither country could benefit from trade with each other.C.each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparativeadvantage.D.neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoyscomparative advantage.E.both countries will want to specialize in cloth.16. In a two product two country world, international trade can lead to increases inA.consumer welfare only if output of both products is increased.B.output of both products and consumer welfare in both countries.C.total production of both products but not consumer welfare in bothcountriesD.consumer welfare in both countries but not total production of bothproducts.E.None of the above.17.As a result of trade, specialization in the Ricardian model tends to be/doc/3e771cc58bd63186bcebbcb7.html plete with constant costs and with increasing costs./doc/3e771cc58bd63186bcebbcb7.html plete with constant costs and incomplete with increasing costs.C.incomplete with constant costs and complete with increasing costs.D.incomplete with constant costs and incomplete with increasing costs.E.None of the above.18. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find itsconsumption bundleA.inside its production possibilities frontier.B.on its production possibilities frontier.D.inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E.on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.19.In the Ricardian model, if a country's trade is restricted, this will cause all except which?A.Limit specialization and the division of labor.B.Reduce the volume of trade and the gains from tradeC.Cause nations to produce inside their production possibilities curvesD.May result in a country producing some of the product of its comparative disadvantageE.None of the above.20.If a very small country trades with a very large country according to the Ricardian model, thenA.the small country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.B.the large country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.C.the small country will enjoy gains from trade.E.None of the above.21.If the world terms of trade for a country are somewhere between the domestic cost ratio of H and that of F, thenA.country H but not country F will gain from trade.B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.22.If the world terms of trade equal those of country F, thenA.country H but not country F will gain from trade.B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.23. If the world terms of trade equal those of country ,F thenA.country H but not country F will gain from trade.B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.24.If a production possibilities frontier is bowed out (concave to the origin), then production occurs under conditions ofA.constant opportunity costs.B.increasing opportunity costs.C.decreasing opportunity costs.D.infinite opportunity costs.E.None of the above.25.If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then trade between them is not likely ifA.their supply curves are identical.B.their cost functions are identical.C.their demand conditions identical.D.their incomes are identical.E.None of the above.26.If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then trade between them is not likely ifA.their supply curves are identical.B.their cost functions are identical.D.their incomes are identical.E.None of the above.27.The earliest statement of the principle of comparative advantage is associated withA.David Hume.B.David Ricardo.C.Adam Smith.D.Eli Heckscher.E.Bertil Ohlin.28. If one country's wage level is very high relative to the other's (the relative wage exceeding the relative productivity ratios), then if they both use the same currencyA.neither country has a comparative advantage.B.only the low wage country has a comparative advantage.C.only the high wage country has a comparative advantage.D.consumers will still find trade worth while from their perspective.29.If one country's wage level is very high relative to the other's (the relative wageexceeding the relative productivity ratios), thenA.it is not possible that producers in each will find export marketsprofitable.B.it is not possible that consumers in both countries will enhance theirrespective welfares through imports.C.it is not possible that both countries will find gains from trade.D.it is possible that both will enjoy the conventional gains from trade.E.None of the above.30.The Ricardian model is based on all of the following exceptA.only two nations and two products.B. no diminishing returns./doc/3e771cc58bd63186bcebbcb7.html bor is the only factor of production.D.product quality varies among nations.E.None of the above.31. Ricardo's original theory of comparative advantage seemed of limited real-world value because it was founded on the/doc/3e771cc58bd63186bcebbcb7.html bor theory of value.B. capital theory of value.C. land theory of value.D. entrepreneur theory of value.E.None of the above.32.According to Ricardo, a country will have a comparative advantage in theproduct in which its/doc/3e771cc58bd63186bcebbcb7.html bor productivity is relatively low. /doc/3e771cc58bd63186bcebbcb7.html bor productivity is relatively high. /doc/3e771cc58bd63186bcebbcb7.html bor mobility is relatively low. /doc/3e771cc58bd63186bcebbcb7.html bor mobility is relatively high.E.None of the above.33.In a two-country, two-product world, the statement "Germany enjoys acomparative advantage over France in autos relative to ships" is equivalent toA.France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships.B.France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany inautos and ships.D.France having no comparative advantage over Germany.E.None of the above.34.Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the UnitedStates equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Productioncosts would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA.U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units perhour.B.U.S. productivity equaled 30 units per hour whereas Japan's was 20.C.U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 and Japan's 30.D.U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 and Japan's 25 units per hour.E.None of the above.35.If the United States’ production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis,whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA.the United States has no comparative advantageB.Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C.the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.D.Not enough information is given.E.None of the above.36.Suppose the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to thewidget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis. We now learn that the German mark is sharply depreciated against the U.S. dollar. We now knowthatA.the United States has no comparative advantageB.Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C.the United States has a comparative advantage in butter.D.Not enough information is given.E.None of the above.37.Suppose the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to thewidget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis. We now learn that the German wage doubles, but U.S. wages do not change at all. We now knowthatA.the United States has no comparative advantage.B.Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C.the United States has a comparative advantage in butter.D.Not enough information is given.Essay Questions1.Many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have very low labor productivities inmany sectors, in manufacturing and agriculture. They often despair of eventrying to attempt to build their industries unless it is done in an autarkic context,behind protectionist walls because they do not believe they can compete withmore productive industries abroad. Discuss this issue in the context of theRicardian model of comparative advantage.2.In 1975, wage levels in South Korea were roughly 5% of those in the UnitedStates. It is obvious that if the United States had allowed Korean goods to befreely imported into the United States at that time, this would have causeddevastation to the standard of living in the United States.,because no producer in this country could possibly compete with such low wages. Discuss this assertion in the context of the Ricardian model of comparative advantage.3.The evidence cited in the chapter using the examples of the East Asia NewIndustrializing Countries suggests that as international productivities converge,so do international wage levels. Why do you suppose this happened for the EastAsian NICs? In light of your answer, what do you think is likely to happen tothe relative wages (relative to those in the United States) of China in the comingdecade? Explain your reasoning.4.When we examine the 2 Good 2 Country version of the Ricardian model ofcomparative advantage, we note that comparative advantage is totallydetermined by physical productivity ratios. Changes in wage rates in eithercountry cannot affect these physically determined comparative advantages, andhence cannot affect, which product will be exported by which country. However, when more than 2 goods are added to the model (still with 2 countries), changesin wage rates in one or the other country can in fact determine which good orgoods each of the countries will export. How can you explain this anomaly?5.An examination of the Ricardian model of comparative advantage yields theclear result that trade is (potentially) beneficial for each of the two tradingpartners since it allows for an expanded consumption choice for each. However, for the world as a whole the expansion of production of one product mustinvolve a decrease in the availability of the other, so that it is not clear that tradeis better for the world as a whole as compared to an initial situation of non-trade(but efficient production in each country). Are there in fact gains from trade forthe world as a whole? Explain.Quantitative/Graphing ProblemsCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30What is the opportunity cost of Cloth in terms of Widgets in Foreign?2. Given the following information:Unit Labor RequirementsCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30If these two countries trade these two goods in the context of the Ricardianmodel of comparative advantage, then what is the lower limit of the wo rldequilibrium price of widgets?3. Given the following information:Unit Labor RequirementsCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30If these two countries trade these two goods with each other in according to the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, what is the lower limit for the price of cloth?4. Given the following information:Units Produced by One Worker/HourCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30What is the opportunity cost of cloth in terms of Wwdgets in Foreign?5. Given the following information:Cloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30If these two countries trade these two goods with each other in the following the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, then what is the lower limit for theworld equilibrium price of cloth?1. Home has 1200 units of labor available. It can produce two goods, apples and bananas. The unit labor requirement in apple production is 3, while in banana production it is2.c. In the absence of trade, what would the price of apples in terms of bananas be? Why?2. Home is as described in problem 1. There is now also another country, Foreign, with a labor force of 800. Foreign's unit labor requirement in apple production is 5, while in banana prod uction it is 1.a. Graph Foreign's production possibility frontier.b. Construct the world relative supply curve.3. Now suppose world relative demand takes the following form: Demand for apples / demand for bananas = price of bananas / price of applesa. Graph the relative demand curve along with the relative supply curve.b. What is the equilibrium relative price of apples?c. Describe the pattern of trade.d. Show that both Home and Foreign gain from trade.4. Suppose that instead of 1200 workers, Ho me had 2400. Find the equilibrium relative price. What can you say about the efficiency of world production and the division of the gains from trade between Home and Foreign in this case?5. Suppose that Home has 2400 workers, but they are only half as productive in both industries as we have been assuming. Construct the world relative supply curve and determine the equilibrium relative price. How do the gains from trade compare with those in the case described in problem 4?6. “ Korean workers earn only $2.50 an hour; if we allow Korea to export as much as it likes to the United States, our workers will be forced down to the same level. You can’t import a $5 shirt without importing the $2.50 wage that goes with it.” Discuss.7. 请对下列观点加以评价：（1）只有当⼀个国家的⽣产率达到⾜以在国际竞争中⽴⾜的⽔平时，它才能从⾃由贸易中获益；（2）如果来⾃外国的竞争是建⽴在低⼯资的基础上，那么这种竞争是不公平的，⽽且会损害其他参与竞争的国家；（3）如果⼀个国家的⼯⼈⽐其他国家⼯⼈的⼯资低，那么贸易就会使这个国家受到剥削并使福利恶化。

《国际经济学(英文版)》选择题汇总版(附标准答案)

《国际经济学(英文版)》选择题汇总版(附答案)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：《国际经济学》选择题汇总版（附答案）Ch1-Ch31.The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries becauseA) the United States is a relatively large country with diverse resources.B) the United States is a “Superpower.”C)the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything.D) the United States invests in many other countries.E) many countries invest in the United States.2. Because the Constitution forbids restraints on interstate trade,A) the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries.B) the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S.C) the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it involves a financial intermediary in New York State.D) the U.S. may not impose export duties.E) the U.S. may not disrupt commerce between Florida and Hawaii.3. International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fieldsA) macro and micro.B) developed and less developed.C) monetary and barter.D) international trade and international money.E) static and dynamic.4. International monetary analysis focuses onA) the real side of the international economy.B) the international trade side of the international economy.C) the international investment side of the international economy.D) the issues of international cooperation between Central Banks.E) the monetary side of the international economy, such as currency exchange.5. The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact thatA)trade between Asia and the U.S. has grown faster than NAFTA trade.B) trade in services has grown faster than trade in goods.C) trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultural products.D) Intra-European Union trade exceeds international trade by the European Union.E) the U.S. trades more with Western Europe than it does with Canada.6. The gravity model explains whyA)trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Sweden and Spain.B)countries with oil reserves tend to export oil.C)capital rich countries export capital intensive products.D) intra-industry trade is relatively more important than other forms of trade between neighboringcountries.E) European countries rely most often on natural resources.7. Why does the gravity model work?A) Large economies became large because they were engaged in international trade.B) Large economies have relatively large incomes, and hence spend more on government promotion of trade and investment.C) Large economies have relatively larger areas which raises the probability that a productive activity will take place within the borders of that country.D) Large economies tend to have large incomes and tend to spend more on imports.E) Large economies tend to avoid trading with small economies.8. We see that the Netherlands, Belgium, and Ireland trade considerably more with the United States than with many other countries.A) This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all large countries.B) This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all small countries.C) This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are small countries.D)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are large countries.E)This is explained by the gravity model, since they do not share borders.9. In the present, most of the exports from China areA) manufactured goods.B) services.C)primary products including agricultural.D) technology intensive products.E) overpriced by world market standards.10. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itA) is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.B) is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically.C) is producing exports using fewer labor units.D) is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.E) is producing exports while outsourcing services.11. The Ricardian model attributes the gains from trade associated with the principle of comparative advantage result toA) differences in technology.B) differences in preferences.C)differences in labor productivity.D) differences in resources.E) gravity relationships among countries.12. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find its consumption bundleA) inside its production possibilities frontier.B)on its production possibilities frontier.C)outside its production possibilities frontier.D) inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E)on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.13. Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA) U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B) U.S. labor productivity equaled 30 units per hour and Japan's 20 units per hour.C) U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour and Japan's 30 units per hour.D) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 25 units per hour.E) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 40 units per hour.14. In a two-country, two-product world, the statement “Germany enjoys a comparative advantage over France in autos relative to ships”is equivalent toA) France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships.B) France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany in autos and ships.C) Germany having a comparative advantage over France in autos and ships.D) France having no comparative advantage over Germany.E) France should produce autos.15. If the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA) the United States has no comparative advantageB) Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C) the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.D) Germany has comparative advantages in both products.E) the U.S. has a comparative disadvantage in widgets.Ch4-Ch51.The Ricardian model of international trade demonstrates that trade can be mutually beneficial. Why, then, do governments restrict imports of some goods?A)Trade can have substantial effects on a country's distribution of income.B) The Ricardian model is often incorrect in its prediction that trade can be mutually beneficial.C) Import restrictions are the result of trade wars between hostile countries.D) Imports are only restricted when foreign-made goods do not meet domestic standards of quality.E) Restrictions on imports are intended to benefit domestic consumers.2. Japan's trade policies with regard to rice reflect the fact thatA) japanese rice farmers have significant political power.B) Japan has a comparative advantage in rice production and therefore exports most of its rice crop.C) there would be no gains from trade available to Japan if it engaged in free trade in rice.D) there are gains from trade that Japan captures by engaging in free trade in rice.E) Japan imports most of the rice consumed in the country.3. In the specific factors model, which of the following is treated as a specific factor?A)LaborB) LandC) ClothD) FoodE) Technology4. The specific factors model assumes that there are ________ goods and ________ factor(s) of production.A) two; threeB) two; twoC) two; oneD) three; twoE) four; three5. The slope of a country's production possibility frontier with cloth measured on the horizontal and food measured on the vertical axis in the specific factors model is equal to________ and it ________ as more cloth is produced.A) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes steeperB) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes flatterC) -MPLF/MPLC; is constantD) -MPLC/MPLF; becomes steeperE) -MPLC/MPLF; is constant6. Under perfect competition, the equilibrium price of labor used to produce cloth will be equal toA)the slope of the production possibility frontier.B) the average product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.C) the ratio of the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth to the marginal product of labor in the production of food times the ratio of the price of cloth. to the price of food.D) the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.E) the price of cloth divided by the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth.7. In the specific factors model, which of the following will increase the quantity of labor used in cloth production?A)an increase in the price of cloth relative to that of foodB) an increase in the price of food relative to that of clothC) a decrease in the price of laborD) an equal percentage decrease in the price of food and clothE) an equal percentage increase in the price of food and cloth8. A country that does not engage in trade can benefit from trade only ifA)it has an absolute advantage in at least one good.B) it employs a unique technology.C) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are not identical.D) its wage rate is below the world average.E) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are identical.9. In the specific factors model, the effects of trade on welfare are ________ for mobile factors, ________ for fixed factors used to produce the exported good, and ________ for fixed factors used to produce the imported good.A)ambiguous; positive; negativeB) ambiguous; negative; positiveC) positive; ambiguous; ambiguousD) negative; ambiguous; ambiguousE) positive; positive; positive10.The effect of trade on specialized employees of import-competing industries will be ________ jobs and ________ pay because they are relatively ________.A)fewer; lower; mobileB) fewer; lower; immobileC) more; lower; immobileD) more; higher; mobileE) more; higher; immobile11. There is a bias in the political process against free trade becauseA)there is a high correlation between the volume of imports and the unemployment rate.B) the gains from free trade cannot be measured.C) those who gain from free trade can't compensate those who lose.D) foreign governments make large donations to U.S. political campaigns.E) those who lose from free trade are better organized than those who gain.12.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differ inA)tastes and preferences.B) military capabilities.C) the size of their economies.D) relative abundance of factors of production.E) labor productivities.13. If a country produces good Y (measured on the vertical axis) and good X (measured on the horizontal axis), then the absolute value of the slope of its production possibility frontier is equal toA)the opportunity cost of good X.B) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.C) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.D) the opportunity cost of good Y.E) the cost of capital (assuming that good Y is capital intensive) divided by the cost of labor.14. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, trade will ________ the owners of a country's ________ factor and will ________ the good that uses that factor intensively.A)benefit; abundant; exportB)harm; abundant; importC) benefit; scarce; exportD) benefit; scarce; importE) harm; scarce; export15. The assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that, unlike in the Ricardian model, it is likely thatA) countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.B) countries will benefit from free international trade.C) countries will not be fully specialized in one product.D) comparative advantage will not determine the direction of trade.E) global production will decrease under trade.16.If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relatively land intensive then trade between these two, formerly autarkic countries will result inA)an increase in the relative price of food in the U.S.B) an increase in the relative price of food in Japan.C) a global increase in the relative price of food.D) a decrease in the relative price of food in both countries.E) an increase in the relative price of food in both countries.17. Starting from an autarky (no-trade) situation with Heckscher-Ohlin model, if Country H is relatively labor abundant, then once trade beginsA) rent will be unchanged but wages will rise in H.B) wages and rents should rise in H.C) wages and rents should fall in H.D) wages should fall and rents should rise in H.E) wages should rise and rents should fall in H.18.The Leontieff ParadoxA) failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.B) supported the validity of the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage.C) supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.D) failed to support the validity of the Ricardian theory.E) proved that the U.S. economy is different from all others.19. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.B) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D) The wage-rental ratio determines the capital-labor ratio in a country's industries.E) Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.20. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of the labor-intensive good and decrease production of the capital-intensive good.B) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.E) Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.Ch6-Ch101.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in the international marketplace, thenA) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will improve.B) all countries would be better off.C) the terms of trade of food exporters will improve.D) the terms of trade of all countries will improve.E) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will worsen.2.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in the international marketplace, thenA) world relative quantity of cloth supplied will increase.B) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will increase.C) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will decrease.D) world relative quantity of cloth demanded will decrease.E) world relative quantity of food will increase.3.If the U.S. (a large country) imposes a tariff on its imported good, this will tend toA) have no effect on terms of trade.B) improve the terms of trade of the United States.C) improve the terms of trade of all countries.D) because a deterioration of U.S. terms of trade.E) raise the world price of the good imported by the United States.4.If Slovenia were a large country in world trade, then if it instituted a large set of subsidies for its exports, this mustA) decrease its marginal propensity to consume.B) have no effect on its terms of trade.C) improve its terms of trade.D) harm its terms of trade.E) harm world terms of trade.5.Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unitA) falls as the average firm grows larger.B) rises as the industry grows larger.C) falls as the industry grows larger.D) rises as the average firm grows larger.E) remains constant over a broad range of output.6. External economies of scale will ________ average cost when output is ________ by________.A) reduce; increased; the industryB) reduce; increased; a firmC) increase; increased; a firmD) increase; increased; the industryE) reduce; reduce; the industry7. If some industries exhibit internal increasing returns to scale in each country, we should not expect to seeA) perfect competition in these industries.B) intra-industry trade between countries.C) inter-industry trade between countries.D) high levels of specialization in both countries.E) increased productivity in both countries.8. A learning curve relates ________ to ________ and is a case of ________ returns.A) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic decreasing returnsB) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic increasing returnsC) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic increasing returnsD) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic decreasing returnsE) labor productivity; education; increasing marginal returns9.Patterns of interregional trade are primarily determined by ________ rather than ________ because factors of production are generally ________.A) external economies; natural resources; mobileB) internal economies; external economies; mobileC) external economies; population; immobileD) internal economies; population; immobileE) population; external economies; immobile10. Monopolistic competition is associated withA) product differentiation.B) price-taking behavior.C) explicit consideration at the firm level of the strategic impact of other firms' pricing decisions.D) high profit margins in the long run.E) increasing returns to scale.11. A firm in long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition will earnA) positive monopoly profits because each sells a differentiated product.B) zero economic profits because of free entryC) positive oligopoly profits because each firm sells a differentiated product.D) negative economic profits because it has economies of scale.E) positive economic profit if it engages in international trade.12. The most common form of price discrimination in international trade isA) dumping.B) non-tariff barriers.C) Voluntary Export Restraints.D) preferential trade arrangements.E) product boycotts.13.Consider the following two cases. In the first, a U.S. firm purchases 18% of a foreign firm. In the second, a U.S. firm builds a new production facility in a foreign country. Both are________, with the first referred to as ________ and the second as ________.A) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; brownfield; greenfieldB) foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; greenfield; brownfieldC) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; greenfield; brownfieldD) foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; brownfield; greenfieldE) foreign direct investment (FDI); inflows; outflows14. Specific tariffs areA) import taxes stated in specific legal statutes.B) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.C) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.D) the same as import quotas.E) import taxes calculated based solely on the origin country.15. A problem encountered when implementing an "infant industry" tariff is thatA) domestic consumers will purchase the foreign good regardless of the tariff.B) the industry may never "mature."C) most industries require tariff protection when they are mature.D) the tariff may hurt the industry's domestic sales.E) the tariffs fail to protect the domestic producers.16. In the country levying the tariff, the tariff willA) increase both consumer and producer surplus.B) decrease both the consumer and producer surplus.C) decrease consumer surplus and increase producer surplus.D) increase consumer surplus and decrease producer surplus.E) decrease consumer surplus but leave producers surplus unchanged.17. If the tariff on computers is not changed, but domestic computer producers shift from domestically produced semiconductors to imported components, then the effective rate of protection in the computer industry willA) increase.B) decreaseC) remain the same.D) depend on whether computers are PCs or "Supercomputers."E) no longer apply.18. When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country duty free, this generally results in a(an)A) effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate.B) nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.C) rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.D) fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates.E) rise in only the effective tariff rate.19. Should the home country be "large" relative to its trade partners, its imposition of a tariff on imports would lead to an increase in domestic welfare if the terms of the trade rectangle exceed the sum of theA) revenue effect plus redistribution effect.B) protective effect plus revenue effect.C) consumption effect plus redistribution effect.D) production distortion effect plus consumption distortion effect.E) terms of trade gain.20. The efficiency case made for free trade is that as trade distortions such as tariffs are dismantled and removed,A) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will decrease.B) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will increase.C) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence increasing national economic welfare.D) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence decreasing national economic welfare.E) government tariff revenue will increase, hence increasing national economic welfare.21. Which organization determines procedures for the settlement of international trade disputes?A) World BankB) World Trade OrganizationC) International Monetary OrganizationD) International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentE) The League of Nations22. Today U.S. protectionism is concentrated inA) high-tech industries.B) labor-intensive industries.C) industries in which Japan has a comparative advantage.D) computer intensive industries.E) capital-intensive industries.23. The quantitative importance of U.S. protection of the domestic clothing industry is best explained by the fact thatA) this industry is an important employer of highly skilled labor.B) this industry is an important employer of low skilled labor.C) most of the exporters of clothing into the U.S. are poor countries.D) this industry is a politically well organized sector in the U.S.E) the technology involved is very advanced.24. The optimum tariff is most likely to apply toA) a small tariff imposed by a small country.B) a small tariff imposed by a large country.C) a large tariff imposed by a small country.D) a large tariff imposed by a large country.E) an ad valorem tariff on a small country.25. The median voter modelA) works well in the area of trade policy.B) is not intuitively reasonable.C) tends to result in biased tariff rates.D) does not work well in the area of trade policy.E) is not widely practiced in the United States.By：某某。

国际经济学题库(英文版)

Part Ⅰ。

Fill in the blank with suitable content.1.Seven themes recur throughout the study of international economics. These are the gains from trade ， the pattern of trade ， protectionism the balance of payments ， exchange rate determination ， international policy coordination ， international capital market.2。

Countries engage in international trade for two basic reasons ： comparative advantage and economics of scale 。

3。

A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries.4。

Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign ， respectively 。

If aLC/aLW<aLC*/aLW* ， Home has a comparative advantage in cheese 。

国际经济学英文题库(最全版附答案)

【国际经济学】英文题库Chapter 1: IntroductionMultiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States?*A. Coffee, tea, cocoaB. steel, copper, aluminumC. petroleum, coal, natural gasD. typewriters, computers, airplanes2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of:A. the United States*B. SwitzerlandC. GermanyD. England3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has:*A. grownB. diminishedC. remained unchangedD. cannot say4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by:A. the size of the nations' populationB. the percentage of its population to its GDP*C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDPD. all of the above5. Economic interdependence is greater for:*A. small nationsB. large nationsC. developed nationsD. developing nations6. The gravity model of international trade predicts that trade between two nations is largerA. the larger the two nationsB. the closer the nationsC. the more open are the two nations*D. all of the above7. International economics deals with:A. the flow of goods, services, and payments among nationsB. policies directed at regulating the flow of goods, services, and paymentsC. the effects of policies on the welfare of the nation*D. all of the above8. International trade theory refers to:*A. the microeconomic aspects of international tradeB. the macroeconomic aspects of international tradeC. open economy macroeconomics or international financeD. all of the above9. Which of the following is not the subject matter of international finance?A. foreign exchange marketsB. the balance of payments*C. the basis and the gains from tradeD. policies to adjust balance of payments disequilibria10. Economic theory:A. seeks to explain economic eventsB. seeks to predict economic eventsC. abstracts from the many detail that surrounds an economic event*D. all of the above11. Which of the following is not an assumption generally made in the study of inter national economics?A. two nationsB. two commodities*C. perfect international mobility of factorsD. two factors of production12. In the study of international economics:A. international trade policies are examined before the bases for tradeB. adjustment policies are discussed before the balance of paymentsC. the case of many nations is discussed before the two-nations case*D. none of the above13. International trade is similar to interregional trade in that both must overcome: *A. distance and spaceB. trade restrictionsC. differences in currenciesD. differences in monetary systems14. The opening or expansion of international trade usually affects all members of so ciety:A. positivelyB. negatively*C. most positively but some negativelyD. most negatively but some positively15. An increase in the dollar price of a foreign currency usually:A. benefit U.S. importers*B. benefits U.S. exportersC. benefit both U.S. importers and U.S. exportersD. harms both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters16. Which of the following statements with regard to international economics is true?A. It is a relatively new field*B. it is a relatively old fieldC. most of its contributors were not economistsD. none of the above思考题：1.为什么学习国际经济学非常重要？2.列举表达当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件，它们为什么重要？3.当今世界面临的最重要的国家经济问题是什么？全球化的利弊各是什么？Chapter 2: The Law of Comparative AdvantageMultiple-Choice Questions1. The Mercantilists did not advocate:*A.free tradeB. stimulating the nation's exportsC. restricting the nations' importsD. the accumulation of gold by the nation2. According to Adam Smith, international trade was based on:*A. absolute advantageB. comparative advantageC. both absolute and comparative advantageD. neither absolute nor comparative advantage3. What proportion of international trade is based on absolute advantage?A. AllB. most*C. someD. none4. The commodity in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is the commodity of its:A. absolute disadvantageB. absolute advantageC. comparative disadvantage*D. comparative advantage5. If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established tha t nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nation B must have:A. an absolute advantage in commodity YB. an absolute disadvantage in commodity YC. a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*D. a comparative advantage in commodity Y6. If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while nationB can produce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input):A. nation A has a comparative disadvantage in commodity XB. nation B has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y*C. nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity XD. nation A has a comparative advantage in neither commodity7. With reference to the statement in Question 6:A. Px/Py=1 in nation AB. Px/Py=3 in nation BC. Py/Px=1/3 in nation B*D. all of the above8. With reference to the statement in Question 6, if 3X is exchanged for 3Y:A. nation A gains 2X*B. nation B gains 6YC. nation A gains 3YD. nation B gains 3Y9. With reference to the statement of Question 6, the range of mutually beneficial tra de between nation A and B is:A. 3Y < 3X < 5YB. 5Y < 3X < 9Y*C. 3Y < 3X < 9YD. 1Y < 3X < 3Y10. If domestically 3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:A. there will be no trade between the two nationsB. the relative price of X is the same in both nationsC. the relative price of Y is the same in both nations*D. all of the above11. Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of:*A. the labor theory of valueB. the opportunity cost theoryC. the law of diminishing returnsD. all of the above12. Which of the following statements is true?A. The combined demand for each commodity by the two nations is negatively slope dB. the combined supply for each commodity by the two nations is rising stepwiseC. the equilibrium relative commodity price for each commodity with trade is giv en by the intersection of the demand and supply of each commodity by the two nati ons*D. all of the above13. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based upo n a difference in:A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above14. In the trade between a small and a large nation:A. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from trade*B. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeC. the gains from trade are likely to be equally sharedD. we cannot say15. The Ricardian trade model has been empirically*A. verifiedB. rejectedC. not testedD. tested but the results were inconclusive思考题：比拟优势原理所带来的贸易所得是从何而来的？贸易利益又是如何分配的？现实世界中比拟优势是如何度量的？你认为目前中国具有比拟优势的商品有哪些？这意味着什么？比拟优势会不会发生变化？什么样的原因可能会导致其变化？经济学家是如何验证比拟优势原理的？Chapter 3: The Standard Theory of International TradeMultiple-Choice Questions1. A production frontier that is concave from the origin indicates that the nation incur s increasing opportunity costs in the production of:A. commodity X onlyB. commodity Y only*C. both commoditiesD. neither commodity2. The marginal rate of transformation (MRT) of X for Y refers to:A. the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of XB. the opportunity cost of XC. the absolute slope of the production frontier at the point of production*D. all of the above3. Which of the following is not a reason for increasing opportunity costs:*A. technology differs among nationsB. factors of production are not homogeneousC. factors of production are not used in the same fixed proportion in the production of all commoditiesD. for the nation to produce more of a commodity, it must use resources that are le ss and less suited in the production of the commodity4. Community indifference curves:A. are negatively slopedB. are convex to the originC. should not cross*D. all of the above5. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of X for Y in consumption refers to the:A. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y and still remain o n the same indifference curve*B. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X and still remain on the same indifference curveC. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y to reach a higher indifference curveD. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X to reach a higher indifference curve6. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the MRS of X for Y?A. It is given by the absolute slope of the indifference curveB. declines as the nation moves down an indifference curveC. rises as the nation moves up an indifference curve*D. all of the above7. Which of the following statements about community indifference curves is true?A. They are entirely unrelated to individuals' community indifference curvesB. they cross, they cannot be used in the analysis*C. the problems arising from intersecting community indifference curves can be over come by the application of the compensation principleD. all of the above.8. Which of the following is not true for a nation that is in equilibrium in isolation? *A. It consumes inside its production frontierB. it reaches the highest indifference curve possible with its production frontierC. the indifference curve is tangent to the nation's production frontierD. MRT of X for Y equals MRS of X for Y, and they are equal to Px/Py9. If the internal Px/Py is lower in nation 1 than in nation 2 without trade:A. nation 1 has a comparative advantage in commodity YB. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity X*C. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity YD. none of the above10. Nation 1's share of the gains from trade will be greater:A. the greater is nation 1's demand for nation 2's exports*B. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 2's pretrade Px/PyC. the weaker is nation 2's demand for nation 1's exportsD. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 1's pretrade Px/Py11. If Px/Py exceeds the equilibrium relative Px/Py with tradeA. the nation exporting commodity X will want to export more of X than at equilibr iumB. the nation importing commodity X will want to import less of X than at equilibri umC. Px/Py will fall toward the equilibrium Px/Py*D. all of the above12. With free trade under increasing costs:A. neither nation will specialize completely in productionB. at least one nation will consume above its production frontierC. a small nation will always gain from trade*D. all of the above13. Which of the following statements is false?A.The gains from trade can be broken down into the gains from exchange and the gains from specializationB. gains from exchange result even without specialization*C. gains from specialization result even without exchangeD. none of the above14. The gains from exchange with respect to the gains from specialization are alway s:A. greaterB. smallerC. equal*D. we cannot say without additional information15. Mutually beneficial trade cannot occur if production frontiers are:A. equal but tastes are notB. different but tastes are the sameC. different and tastes are also different*D. the same and tastes are also the same.思考题：国际贸易的标准理论与大卫.李嘉图的比拟优势原理有何异同？两国仅仅由于需求偏好不同可以进行市场分工和狐狸贸易吗？两国仅仅由于要素禀赋不同和/或生产技术不同可以进行分工和贸易吗?Chapter 4: Demand and Supply, Offer Curves, and the Terms of TradeMultiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is correct?A. The demand for imports is given by the excess demand for the commodityB. the supply of exports is given by the excess supply of the commodityC. the supply curve of exports is flatter than the total supply curve of the commodity *D. all of the above2. At a relative commodity price above equilibriumA. the excess demand for a commodity exceeds the excess supply of the commodityB. the quantity demanded of imports exceeds the quantity supplied of exports*C. the commodity price will fallD. all of the above3. The offer curve of a nation shows:A. the supply of a nation's importsB. the demand for a nation's exportsC. the trade partner's demand for imports and supply of exports*D. the nation's demand for imports and supply of exports4. The offer curve of a nation bulges toward the axis measuring the nationsA. import commodity*B. export commodityC. export or import commodityD. nontraded commodity5. Export prices must rise for a nation to increase its exports because the nation:A. incurs increasing opportunity costs in export productionB. faces decreasing opportunity costs in producing import substitutesC. faces decreasing marginal rate of substitution in consumption*D. all of the above6. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is false?A. It relies on traditional demand and supply curvesB. it isolates for study one market*C. it can be used to determine the equilibrium relative commodity price but not the equilibrium quantity with tradeD. none of the above7. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is true?A. The demand and supply curve are derived from the nation's production frontier an d indifference mapB. It shows the same basic information as offer curvesC. It shows the same equilibrium relative commodity prices as with offer curves*D. all of the above8. In what way does partial equilibrium analysis differ from general equilibrium analy sis?A. The former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium price withtradeB. the former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium quantity with tradeC. the former but not the latter takes into consideration the interaction among all ma rkets in the economy*D. the former gives only an approximation to the answer sought.9. If the terms of trade of a nation are 1.5 in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner are:A. 3/4*B. 2/3C. 3/2D. 4/310. If the terms of trade increase in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner: *A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the above11. If a nation does not affect world prices by its trading, its offer curve:A. is a straight lineB. bulges toward the axis measuring the import commodity*C. intersects the straight-line segment of the world's offer curveD. intersects the positively-sloped portion of the world's offer curve12. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodityB. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodit yC. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity *D. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity13. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:A. the nation's terms of trade remain unchanged*B. the nation's terms of trade deteriorateC. the partner's terms of trade deteriorateD. any of the above14. If the tastes for a nation import commodity increases, trade volume:*A. increasesB. declinesC. remains unchangedD. any of the above15. A deterioration of a nation's terms of trade causes the nation's welfare to:A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchanged*D. any of the above思考题：提供曲线如何推导？有何用途？两国贸易时的均衡商品价格是如何决定的？受哪些因素影响？贸易条件的含义是？贸易条件的改善意味着什么？哪些因素可能导致贸易条件的改善？Chapter 5: Factor Endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin TheoryMultiple-Choice Questions1. The H-O model extends the classical trade model by:A. explaining the basis for comparative advantageB. examining the effect of trade on factor prices*C. both A and BD. neither A nor B2. Which is not an assumption of the H-O model:A. the same technology in both nationsB. constant returns to scale*C. complete specializationD. equal tastes in both nations3. With equal technology nations will have equal K/L in production if:*A. factor prices are the sameB. tastes are the sameC. production functions are the sameD. all of the above4. We say that commodity Y is K-intensive with respect to X when:A. more K is used in the production of Y than XB. less L is used in the production of Y than X*C. a lower L/K ratio is used in the production of Y than XD. a higher K/L is used in the production of X than Y5. When w/r falls, L/KA. falls in the production of both commodities*B. rises in the production of both commoditiesC. can rise or fallD. is not affected6. A nation is said to have a relative abundance of K if it has a:A. greater absolute amount of KB. smaller absolute amount of LC. higher L/K ratio*D. lower r/w7. A difference in relative commodity prices between nations can be based on a diffe rence in:A. technologyB. factor endowmentsC. tastes*D. all of the above8. In the H-O model, international trade is based mostly on a difference in:A. technology*B. factor endowmentsC. economies of scaleD. tastes9. According to the H-O model, trade reduces international differences in:A. relative but not absolute factor pricesB. absolute but not relative factor prices*C. both relative and absolute factor pricesD. neither relative nor absolute factor prices10. According to the H-O model, international trade will:A. reduce international differences in per capita incomesB. increases international differences in per capita incomes*C. may increase or reduce international differences in per capita incomes D. lead to complete specialization11. The H-O model is a general equilibrium model because it deals with:A. production in both nationsB. consumption in both nationsC. trade between the two nations*D. all of the above12. The H-O model is a simplification of the a truly general equilibrium model because it deals with:A. two nationsB. two commoditiesC. two factors of production*D. all of the above13. The Leontief paradox refers to the empirical finding that U.S.*A. import substitutes are more K-intensive than exportsB. imports are more K-intensive than exportsC. exports are more L-intensive than importsD. exports are more K-intensive than import substitutes14. From empirical studies, we conclude that the H-O theory:A. must be rejectedB. must be accepted without reservations*C. can be accepted while awaiting further testingD. explains all international trade15. For factor reversal to occur, two commodities must be produced with:*A. sufficiently different elasticity of substitution of factorsB. the same K/L ratioC. technologically-fixed factor proportionsD. equal elasticity of substitution of factors思考题：H-O理论有哪些假设？各假设的含义是什么？为什么要做出这些假设？如何检验H-O理论的正确性？H-O-S定理的假设条件又是什么？他与生产要素国际间的流动有何关系？如何检验H-O-S定理在现实中的可靠性？Chapter 6: Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International T radeMultiple-Choice Questions:1. Relaxing the assumptions on which the Heckscher-Ohlin theory rests:A. leads to rejection of the theoryB. leaves the theory unaffected*C. requires complementary trade theoriesD. any of the above.Which of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, leav ethe theory unaffected?A. Two nations, two commodities, and two factorsB. both nations use the same technologyC. the same commodity is L-intensive in both nations*D. all of the aboveWhich of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, require new trade theories?*A. Economies of scaleB. incomplete specializationC. similar tastes in both nationsD. the existence of transportation costsInternational trade can be based on economies of scale even if both nations have ide ntical:A. factor endowmentsB. tastesC. technology*D. all of the above5. A great deal of international trade:A. is intra-industry tradeB. involves differentiated productsC. is based on monopolistic competition*D. all of the above6. The Heckscher-Ohlin and new trade theories explains most of the trade:A. among industrial countriesB. between developed and developing countriesC. in industrial goods*D. all of the aboveThe theory that a nation exports those products for which a large domestic market e xistswas advanced by:*A. LinderB. VernonC. LeontiefD. Ohlin8. Intra-industry trade takes place:A. because products are homogeneous*B. in order to take advantage of economies of scaleC. because perfect competition is the prevalent form of market organizationD. all of the aboveIf a nation exports twice as much of a differentiated product that it imports, its intra-industry (T) index is equal to:A. 1.00B. 0.75*C. 0.50D. 0.2510. Trade based on technological gaps is closely related to:A. the H-O theory*B. the product-cycle theoryC. Linder's theoryD. all of the above11. Which of the following statements is true with regard to the product-cycle theor y?A. It depends on differences in technological changes over time among countriesB. it depends on the opening and the closing of technological gaps among countriesC. it postulates that industrial countries export more advanced products to less advan ced countries*D. all of the above12. Transport costs:A. increase the price in the importing countryB. reduces the price in the exporting country*C. both of the aboveD. neither A nor B.13. Transport costs can be analyzed:A. with demand and supply curvesB. production frontiersC. offer curves*D. all of the above14. The share of transport costs will fall less heavily on the nation:*A. with the more elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityB. with the less elastic demand and supply of the traded commodityC. exporting agricultural productsD. with the largest domestic market15. A footloose industry is one in which the product:A. gains weight in processingB. loses weight in processingC. both of the above*D. neither A nor B.思考题：本章的贸易理论与基于比拟优势的贸易理论有哪些不同？这两类贸易理论是互相排斥的吗？H-O理论与心贸易理论之间有什么经验关联？运输本钱对H-O定理和H-O-S定理有何影响？不同的环保标准时如何影响产业选址及国际贸易的？2021年底联合国哥本哈根气候大会中的议题与国际贸易有何关系？这对我国经贸开展有何影响？Chapter 7: Economic Growth and International TradeMultiple-Choice Questions1. Dynamic factors in trade theory refer to changes in:A. factor endowmentsB. technologyC. tastes*D. all of the above2. Doubling the amount of L and K under constant returns to scale:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityB. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityC. leaves the shape of the production frontier unchanged*D. all of the above.3. Doubling only the amount of L available under constant returns to scale:A. less than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. more than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodityC. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodityD. leaves the output of the K-intensive commodity unchanged4. The Rybczynski theorem postulates that doubling L at constant relative commodity prices:A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity*B. reduces the output of the K-intensive commodityC. increases the output of both commoditiesD. any of the above5. Doubling L is likely to:A. increases the relative price of the L-intensive commodityB. reduces the relative price of the K-intensive commodity*C. reduces the relative price of the L-intensive commodityD. any of the aboveTechnical progress that increases the productivity of L proportionately more than the productivity of K is called:*A. capital savingB. labor savingC. neutralD. any of the above7. A 50 percent productivity increase in the production of commodity Y:A. increases the output of commodity Y by 50 percentB. does not affect the output of XC. shifts the production frontier in the Y direction only*D. any of the above8. Doubling L with trade in a small L-abundant nation:*A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of tradeD. all of the above9. Doubling L with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. reduces the nation's social welfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the aboveIf, at unchanged terms of trade, a nation wants to trade more after growth, then the nation's terms of trade can be expected to:*A. deteriorateB. improveC. remain unchangedD. any of the aboveA proportionately greater increase in the nation's supply of labor than of capital is lik elyto result in a deterioration in the nation's terms of trade if the nation exports: A. the K-intensive commodity*B. the L-intensive commodityC. either commodityD. both commodities12. Technical progress in the nation's export commodity:*A. may reduce the nation's welfareB. will reduce the nation's welfareC. will increase the nation's welfareD. leaves the nation's welfare unchanged13. Doubling K with trade in a large L-abundant nation:A. increases the nation's welfareB. improves the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the above14. An increase in tastes for the import commodity in both nations:A. reduces the volume of trade*B. increases the volume of tradeC. leaves the volume of trade unchangedD. any of the above15. An increase in tastes of the import commodity of Nation A and export in B:*A. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation AB. will increase the terms of trade of Nation AC. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation BD. any of the above思考题：要素积累和技术进步如何影响一国的生产可能性曲线的形状和位置？何种类型的经济增长最可恩能够导致国家福利的下降？那种类型的经济增长最可能导致国家福利的改善？Chapter 8: Trade Restrictions: TariffsMultiple-choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?A. An ad valorem tariff is expressed as a percentage of the value of the traded com modityB. A specific tariff is expressed as a fixed sum of the value of the traded commodity.C. Export tariffs are prohibited by the U.S. Constitution*D. The U.S. uses exclusively the specific tariff2. A small nation is one:A. which does not affect world price by its tradingB. which faces an infinitely elastic world supply curve for its import commodityC. whose consumers will pay a price that exceeds the world price by the amount of t he tariff*D. all of the above3. If a small nation increases the tariff on its import commodity, its:A. consumption of the commodity increasesB. production of the commodity decreasesC. imports of the commodity increase*D. none of the aboveThe increase in producer surplus when a small nation imposes a tariff is measured by the area:*A. to the left of the supply curve between the commodity price with and without th e tariffB. under the supply curve between the quantity produced with and without the tariffC. under the demand curve between the commodity price with and without the tariffD. none of the above.。

《国际经济学》(双语)试卷1参考答案

《国际经济学》（双语）试卷1参考答案Ⅰ. Explain the following terms (30 points, 3 points/term)parative advantage:A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries(3 points).2.Specific factors model: It assumes an economy that produces two goods and the labor is a mobile factor that can move between sectors, other factors are assumed to be specific, that is, they can be used only in the production of particular goods(3 points).3．Heckscher-Ohlin theory: it is also referred to as the factor-proportions theory, the theory emphasizes the interplay between the proportions in which different factors of production are available in different countries and the proportions in which they are used in producing different goods(3 points).4.Leontief paradox: the United States would be an exporter of capital-intensive goods and an importer of labor-intensive goods. Surprisingly, however, this was not the case, the economist Leontief found that U.S. exports were less capital-intensive than U.S. imports. This result is known as the Leontief paradox. It is the single biggest piece of evidence against the factor-proportions theory(3 points).5.Official international reserves: Official international reserves are foreign assets held by central banks as a cushion against national economic misfortune. At one time official reserves consisted largely of gold, but today central banks' reserves include substantial foreign financial assets, particularly U.S. dollar assets such as Treasury bills(3 points).6.The official settlements balance: the official settlements balance or the balance of payments. This balance is the sum of the current account balance, the capital account balance, the nonreserve portion of the financial account balance, and the statistical discrepancy, and it indicates the payments gap that official reserve transactions need to cover(3 points).7.Foreign exchange option: A foreign exchange option gives its owner the right to buy or sell a specified amount of foreign currency at a specified price at any time up to a specified expiration date. The other party to the deal, the option's seller, is required to sell or buy the foreign currency at the discretion of the option's owner, who is under no obligation to exercise his right(3 points).8.Interest parity condition: The condition that the expected returns on deposits of any twocurrencies are equal when measured in the same currency is called the interestparity condition. It implies that potential holders of foreign currency deposits view them all as equally desirable assets.9.Fisher effect: This long-run relationship between inflation and interest rates is called the Fisher effect. Fisher effect tells us that all else equal, a rise in a country's expected inflation rate will eventually cause an equal rise in the interest rate that deposits of its currency offer. Similarly, a fall in the expected inflation rate will eventually cause a fall in the interest rate(3 points).10.Long run analysis: The long run analysis of an economic event allows for the complete adjustment of the price level (which may take a long time) and for full employment of all factors of production(3 points).II. Single-Choice Questions（15 points, 1.5points/Question）1. b2. d3. c4. a5. b6. a7. d8. a9. c 10. aⅢ.Questions and problems（40 points, 8 points/Question）1.What are the three types of international transaction recorded in the balance of payments(8 points)?Answer: the three types of international transactions are current account, financial account and capital account(3 points). Transactions that involve the export or import of goods or services and therefore enter directly into the current account. Transactions that involve the purchase or sale of financial assets. An asset is any one of the forms in which wealth can be held, such as money, stocks, factories, or government debt. The financial account of the balance of payments records all international purchases or sales of financial assets. Certain other activities resulting in transfers of wealth between countries are recorded in the capital account(5 points).2. In the United States where land is cheap, the ratio of land to labor used in cattle rising is higher than that of land used in wheat growing. But in more crowded countries, where land is expensive and labor is cheap, it is common to raise cows by using less land and more labor than Americans use to grow wheat. Can we still say that raising cattle is land intensive compared with farming wheat? Why or why not(8 points)?Answer: The definition of cattle growing as land intensive depends on the ratio of land to labor used in production, not on the ratio of land or labor to output(3 points). The ratio of land to labor in cattle exceeds the ratio in wheat in the United States, implying cattle is land intensive in the United States. Cattle is land intensive in other countries too if the ratio of land to labor in cattle production exceeds the ratio in wheat production in that country. The comparison between another country and the United States is less relevant for answering the question(5 points).3. Suppose the dollar interest rate and the pound sterling interest rate are the same, 5 percent per year. What is the relation between the current equilibrium $/£ exchange rate and its expected future level? Suppose the expected future $/£ exchange rate, $1.52 per pound, remains constant as Britain's interest rate rises to 10 percent per year. If the U.S. interest rate also remains constant, what is the new equilibrium$/£ exchange rate(8 points)?Answer: The current equilibrium exchange rate must equal its expected future level since, with equality of nominal interest rates, there can be no expected increase or decrease in the dollar/pound exchange rate in equilibrium(3 points). If the expected exchange rate remains at $1.52 per pound and the pound interest rate rises to 10 percent, then interest parity is satisfied only if the current exchange rate changes such that there is an expected appreciation of the dollar equal to 5 percent. This will occur when the exchange rate rises to $1.60 per pound (a depreciation of the dollar against the pound) (5 points).4. What are the real exchange rate and nominal exchange rate, and their differences(8 points)?Answer: the real exchange rate is the relative price of two output baskets, nominal exchange rate is the relative price of two currencies(3 points).The real exchange rate between two countries' currencies is a broad summary measure of the prices of one country's goods and services relative to the other's. the prediction of PPP is that real exchange rates never change, at least not permanently. Real exchange rates are defined, however, in terms of nominal exchange rates and price levels(5 points).5:Give a example to explain foreign exchange swap(8 points).Answer: foreign exchange swap is a spot sale of a currency combined with a forward repurchase of the currency(3 points). For example, a multinational company has just received $1 million from sales and knows it will have to pay those dollars to a California supplier in three months. The company's asset-management department would meanwhile like to invest the $1 million in Swiss francs. A three-month swap of dollars into Swiss francs may result in lower brokers' fees than the two separate transactions of selling dollars for spot Swiss francs and selling the Swiss francs for dollars on the forward market(5 points).Ⅳ.An economy can produce good 1 using labor and capital and good 2 using labor and land. The total supply of labor is 100 units.The marginal product of labor production are70 0.69 0.49 800.66 0.46 900.63 0.43 1000.60 0.40Questions: a. Suppose that the price of good 2 relative to that of good 1 is 2. Determine graphically the wage rate and the allocation of labor between the two sectors (5 points).b. Suppose that the relative price of good 2 falls to 1. Determine the wage rate and the allocation of labor between the two sectors (5 points).c. Calculate the effects of the price change on the income of the specific factors in sectors 1 and 2(5 points).Answer: a. With the assumption that labor is freely mobile between sectors, it will move from the low-wage sector to the high-wage sector until wages are equalized. So in equilibrium, the wage rate is equal to the value of labor ’s marginal product.2/122211=⨯=⨯P P P MPL P MPLThe abscissa of point of intersection illustrated above should be at L1=30. The labor allocation between the sectors is L1=30 and L2=70. The wage rate is 0.98(5 points). b. The relative decline in the price of good 2 caused labor to be reallocated: labor is drawn out of production of good 2 and enters production of good 1 (Ｌ1=60, L2=40). And the wage rate is equal to 0.74(5 points).c. With the relative price change from P2/P1=2 to P2/P1=1, the price of good 2 has fallen by 50 percent, while the price of good 1 has stayed the same. Wages have fallen too, but by less than the fall in P2 (wages fell approximately 25 percent). Thus, the real wage relative to P2 actually rises while real wage relative to P1 falls. Hence, to determine the welfare consequence for workers, the information about their consumption shares of good 1 and good 2 is needed(5 points).。

《国际经济学(英文版)》选择题汇总版(附答案)精选全文

精选全文完整版（可编辑修改）《国际经济学》选择题汇总版（附答案）Ch1-Ch31.The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries becauseA) the United States is a relatively large country with diverse resources.B) the United States is a “Superpower.”C)the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything.D) the United States invests in many other countries.E) many countries invest in the United States.2. Because the Constitution forbids restraints on interstate trade,A) the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries.B) the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S.C) the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it involves a financial intermediary in New York State.D) the U.S. may not impose export duties.E) the U.S. may not disrupt commerce between Florida and Hawaii.3. International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fieldsA) macro and micro.B) developed and less developed.C) monetary and barter.D) international trade and international money.E) static and dynamic.4. International monetary analysis focuses onA) the real side of the international economy.B) the international trade side of the international economy.C) the international investment side of the international economy.D) the issues of international cooperation between Central Banks.E) the monetary side of the international economy, such as currency exchange.5. The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact thatA)trade between Asia and the U.S. has grown faster than NAFTA trade.B) trade in services has grown faster than trade in goods.C) trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultural products.D) Intra-European Union trade exceeds international trade by the European Union.E) the U.S. trades more with Western Europe than it does with Canada.6. The gravity model explains whyA)trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Sweden and Spain.B)countries with oil reserves tend to export oil.C)capital rich countries export capital intensive products.D) intra-industry trade is relatively more important than other forms of trade between neighboring countries.E) European countries rely most often on natural resources.7. Why does the gravity model work?A) Large economies became large because they were engaged in international trade.B) Large economies have relatively large incomes, and hence spend more on government promotion of trade and investment.C) Large economies have relatively larger areas which raises the probability that a productive activity will take place within the borders of that country.D) Large economies tend to have large incomes and tend to spend more on imports.E) Large economies tend to avoid trading with small economies.8. We see that the Netherlands, Belgium, and Ireland trade considerably more with the United States than with many other countries.A) This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all large countries.B) This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all small countries.C) This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are small countries.D)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are large countries.E)This is explained by the gravity model, since they do not share borders.9. In the present, most of the exports from China areA) manufactured goods.B) services.C)primary products including agricultural.D) technology intensive products.E) overpriced by world market standards.10. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itA) is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.B) is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically.C) is producing exports using fewer labor units.D) is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.E) is producing exports while outsourcing services.11. The Ricardian model attributes the gains from trade associated with the principle of comparative advantage result toA) differences in technology.B) differences in preferences.C)differences in labor productivity.D) differences in resources.E) gravity relationships among countries.12. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find its consumption bundleA) inside its production possibilities frontier.B)on its production possibilities frontier.C)outside its production possibilities frontier.D) inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E)on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.13. Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA) U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B) U.S. labor productivity equaled 30 units per hour and Japan's 20 units per hour.C) U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour and Japan's 30 units per hour.D) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 25 units per hour.E) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 40 units per hour.14. In a two-country, two-product world, the statement “Germany enjoys a comparative advantage over France in autos relative to ships”is equivalent toA) France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships.B) France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany in autos and ships.C) Germany having a comparative advantage over France in autos and ships.D) France having no comparative advantage over Germany.E) France should produce autos.15. If the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA) the United States has no comparative advantageB) Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C) the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.D) Germany has comparative advantages in both products.E) the U.S. has a comparative disadvantage in widgets.Ch4-Ch51.The Ricardian model of international trade demonstrates that trade can be mutually beneficial. Why, then, do governments restrict imports of some goods?A)Trade can have substantial effects on a country's distribution of income.B) The Ricardian model is often incorrect in its prediction that trade can be mutually beneficial.C) Import restrictions are the result of trade wars between hostile countries.D) Imports are only restricted when foreign-made goods do not meet domestic standards of quality.E) Restrictions on imports are intended to benefit domestic consumers.2. Japan's trade policies with regard to rice reflect the fact thatA) japanese rice farmers have significant political power.B) Japan has a comparative advantage in rice production and therefore exports most of its rice crop.C) there would be no gains from trade available to Japan if it engaged in free trade in rice.D) there are gains from trade that Japan captures by engaging in free trade in rice.E) Japan imports most of the rice consumed in the country.3. In the specific factors model, which of the following is treated as a specific factor?A)LaborB) LandC) ClothD) FoodE) Technology4. The specific factors model assumes that there are ________ goods and ________ factor(s) of production.A) two; threeB) two; twoC) two; oneD) three; twoE) four; three5. The slope of a country's production possibility frontier with cloth measured on the horizontal and food measured on the vertical axis in the specific factors model is equal to________ and it ________ as more cloth is produced.A) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes steeperB) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes flatterC) -MPLF/MPLC; is constantD) -MPLC/MPLF; becomes steeperE) -MPLC/MPLF; is constant6. Under perfect competition, the equilibrium price of labor used to produce cloth will be equal toA)the slope of the production possibility frontier.B) the average product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.C) the ratio of the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth to the marginal product of labor in the production of food times the ratio of the price of cloth. to the price of food.D) the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.E) the price of cloth divided by the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth.7. In the specific factors model, which of the following will increase the quantity of labor used in cloth production?A)an increase in the price of cloth relative to that of foodB) an increase in the price of food relative to that of clothC) a decrease in the price of laborD) an equal percentage decrease in the price of food and clothE) an equal percentage increase in the price of food and cloth8. A country that does not engage in trade can benefit from trade only ifA)it has an absolute advantage in at least one good.B) it employs a unique technology.C) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are not identical.D) its wage rate is below the world average.E) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are identical.9. In the specific factors model, the effects of trade on welfare are ________ for mobile factors, ________ for fixed factors used to produce the exported good, and ________ for fixed factors used to produce the imported good.A)ambiguous; positive; negativeB) ambiguous; negative; positiveC) positive; ambiguous; ambiguousD) negative; ambiguous; ambiguousE) positive; positive; positive10.The effect of trade on specialized employees of import-competing industries will be ________ jobs and ________ pay because they are relatively ________.A)fewer; lower; mobileB) fewer; lower; immobileC) more; lower; immobileD) more; higher; mobileE) more; higher; immobile11. There is a bias in the political process against free trade becauseA)there is a high correlation between the volume of imports and the unemployment rate.B) the gains from free trade cannot be measured.C) those who gain from free trade can't compensate those who lose.D) foreign governments make large donations to U.S. political campaigns.E) those who lose from free trade are better organized than those who gain.12.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differ inA)tastes and preferences.B) military capabilities.C) the size of their economies.D) relative abundance of factors of production.E) labor productivities.13. If a country produces good Y (measured on the vertical axis) and good X (measured on the horizontal axis), then the absolute value of the slope of its production possibility frontier is equal toA)the opportunity cost of good X.B) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.C) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.D) the opportunity cost of good Y.E) the cost of capital (assuming that good Y is capital intensive) divided by the cost of labor.14. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, trade will ________ the owners of a country's ________ factor and will ________ the good that uses that factor intensively.A)benefit; abundant; exportB)harm; abundant; importC) benefit; scarce; exportD) benefit; scarce; importE) harm; scarce; export15. The assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that, unlike in the Ricardian model, it is likely thatA) countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.B) countries will benefit from free international trade.C) countries will not be fully specialized in one product.D) comparative advantage will not determine the direction of trade.E) global production will decrease under trade.16.If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relatively land intensive then trade between these two, formerly autarkic countries will result inA)an increase in the relative price of food in the U.S.B) an increase in the relative price of food in Japan.C) a global increase in the relative price of food.D) a decrease in the relative price of food in both countries.E) an increase in the relative price of food in both countries.17. Starting from an autarky (no-trade) situation with Heckscher-Ohlin model, if Country H is relatively labor abundant, then once trade beginsA) rent will be unchanged but wages will rise in H.B) wages and rents should rise in H.C) wages and rents should fall in H.D) wages should fall and rents should rise in H.E) wages should rise and rents should fall in H.18.The Leontieff ParadoxA) failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.B) supported the validity of the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage.C) supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.D) failed to support the validity of the Ricardian theory.E) proved that the U.S. economy is different from all others.19. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.B) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D) The wage-rental ratio determines the capital-labor ratio in a country's industries.E) Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.20. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of the labor-intensive good and decrease production of the capital-intensive good.B) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.E) Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.Ch6-Ch101.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in the international marketplace, thenA) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will improve.B) all countries would be better off.C) the terms of trade of food exporters will improve.D) the terms of trade of all countries will improve.E) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will worsen.2.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in the international marketplace, thenA) world relative quantity of cloth supplied will increase.B) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will increase.C) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will decrease.D) world relative quantity of cloth demanded will decrease.E) world relative quantity of food will increase.3.If the U.S. (a large country) imposes a tariff on its imported good, this will tend toA) have no effect on terms of trade.B) improve the terms of trade of the United States.C) improve the terms of trade of all countries.D) because a deterioration of U.S. terms of trade.E) raise the world price of the good imported by the United States.4.If Slovenia were a large country in world trade, then if it instituted a large set of subsidies for its exports, this mustA) decrease its marginal propensity to consume.B) have no effect on its terms of trade.C) improve its terms of trade.D) harm its terms of trade.E) harm world terms of trade.5.Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unitA) falls as the average firm grows larger.B) rises as the industry grows larger.C) falls as the industry grows larger.D) rises as the average firm grows larger.E) remains constant over a broad range of output.6. External economies of scale will ________ average cost when output is ________ by________.A) reduce; increased; the industryB) reduce; increased; a firmC) increase; increased; a firmD) increase; increased; the industryE) reduce; reduce; the industry7. If some industries exhibit internal increasing returns to scale in each country, we should not expect to seeA) perfect competition in these industries.B) intra-industry trade between countries.C) inter-industry trade between countries.D) high levels of specialization in both countries.E) increased productivity in both countries.8. A learning curve relates ________ to ________ and is a case of ________ returns.A) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic decreasing returnsB) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic increasing returnsC) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic increasing returnsD) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic decreasing returnsE) labor productivity; education; increasing marginal returns9.Patterns of interregional trade are primarily determined by ________ rather than ________ because factors of production are generally ________.A) external economies; natural resources; mobileB) internal economies; external economies; mobileC) external economies; population; immobileD) internal economies; population; immobileE) population; external economies; immobile10. Monopolistic competition is associated withA) product differentiation.B) price-taking behavior.C) explicit consideration at the firm level of the strategic impact of other firms' pricing decisions.D) high profit margins in the long run.E) increasing returns to scale.11. A firm in long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition will earnA) positive monopoly profits because each sells a differentiated product.B) zero economic profits because of free entryC) positive oligopoly profits because each firm sells a differentiated product.D) negative economic profits because it has economies of scale.E) positive economic profit if it engages in international trade.12. The most common form of price discrimination in international trade isA) dumping.B) non-tariff barriers.C) Voluntary Export Restraints.D) preferential trade arrangements.E) product boycotts.13.Consider the following two cases. In the first, a U.S. firm purchases 18% of a foreign firm. In the second, a U.S. firm builds a new production facility in a foreign country. Both are________, with the first referred to as ________ and the second as ________.A) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; brownfield; greenfieldB) foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; greenfield; brownfieldC) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; greenfield; brownfieldD) foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; brownfield; greenfieldE) foreign direct investment (FDI); inflows; outflows14. Specific tariffs areA) import taxes stated in specific legal statutes.B) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.C) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.D) the same as import quotas.E) import taxes calculated based solely on the origin country.15. A problem encountered when implementing an "infant industry" tariff is thatA) domestic consumers will purchase the foreign good regardless of the tariff.B) the industry may never "mature."C) most industries require tariff protection when they are mature.D) the tariff may hurt the industry's domestic sales.E) the tariffs fail to protect the domestic producers.16. In the country levying the tariff, the tariff willA) increase both consumer and producer surplus.B) decrease both the consumer and producer surplus.C) decrease consumer surplus and increase producer surplus.D) increase consumer surplus and decrease producer surplus.E) decrease consumer surplus but leave producers surplus unchanged.17. If the tariff on computers is not changed, but domestic computer producers shift from domestically produced semiconductors to imported components, then the effective rate of protection in the computer industry willA) increase.B) decreaseC) remain the same.D) depend on whether computers are PCs or "Supercomputers."E) no longer apply.18. When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country duty free, this generally results in a(an)A) effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate.B) nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.C) rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.D) fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates.E) rise in only the effective tariff rate.19. Should the home country be "large" relative to its trade partners, its imposition of a tariff on imports would lead to an increase in domestic welfare if the terms of the trade rectangle exceed the sum of theA) revenue effect plus redistribution effect.B) protective effect plus revenue effect.C) consumption effect plus redistribution effect.D) production distortion effect plus consumption distortion effect.E) terms of trade gain.20. The efficiency case made for free trade is that as trade distortions such as tariffs are dismantled and removed,A) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will decrease.B) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will increase.C) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence increasing national economic welfare.D) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence decreasing national economic welfare.E) government tariff revenue will increase, hence increasing national economic welfare.21. Which organization determines procedures for the settlement of international trade disputes?A) World BankB) World Trade OrganizationC) International Monetary OrganizationD) International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentE) The League of Nations22. Today U.S. protectionism is concentrated inA) high-tech industries.B) labor-intensive industries.C) industries in which Japan has a comparative advantage.D) computer intensive industries.E) capital-intensive industries.23. The quantitative importance of U.S. protection of the domestic clothing industry is best explained by the fact thatA) this industry is an important employer of highly skilled labor.B) this industry is an important employer of low skilled labor.C) most of the exporters of clothing into the U.S. are poor countries.D) this industry is a politically well organized sector in the U.S.E) the technology involved is very advanced.24. The optimum tariff is most likely to apply toA) a small tariff imposed by a small country.B) a small tariff imposed by a large country.C) a large tariff imposed by a small country.D) a large tariff imposed by a large country.E) an ad valorem tariff on a small country.25. The median voter modelA) works well in the area of trade policy.B) is not intuitively reasonable.C) tends to result in biased tariff rates.D) does not work well in the area of trade policy.E) is not widely practiced in the United States.By：某某。

国际经济学选择,英文

国际经济学题库(英文版)

国际经济学(英文版)

国际经济学英文题库（最全版附答案）

国际经济学,选择题集（含答案）

《国际经济学(英文版)》选择题汇总版(附标准答案)

国际经济学题库(英文版)

国际经济学英文题库(最全版附答案)

《国际经济学》(双语)试卷1参考答案

《国际经济学(英文版)》选择题汇总版(附答案)精选全文

最新国际经济学英文题库(最全版附答案)