XX考研英语模拟押题阅读理解篇(四)
XX考研英语模拟押题阅读理解篇（四）以下《》由出guo考研英语模拟题为您独家提供，欢迎大家参考。
Of all theponents of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, awindow opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. Acentury ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were thedisguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s,neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the randombyproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researcherssuspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotionalthermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line。
” And oneleading authority says that, these intensely powerful mental events can be notonly harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleepand feel better. “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s MedicalCenter. “If you don’t like it, change it。
”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is asactive during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vividdreams our—as it is when fully awake, says Dr. EricNofzinger at the Universityof Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbicsystem (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center ofintellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up fromdreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day”， saysStanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement。
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients inCartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in thenight, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that theyare working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because ourconscious mind is oupied with daily life we don’t always think aboutthe emotional significance of the day’s events —until, itappears, we begin to dream。
And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwrightbelieves one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soonas you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how youwould like it to end instead; the next time it ours, try to wake up justenough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to,literally, do it in their sleep。
At the end of the day, there’s probably littlereason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleepingor “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and generalfeelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Thosesuffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For therest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep—or ratherdream—on it and you’ll feel better in the morning。
31. Researchers have e to believe that dreams[A] can be modified in their courses。
[B] are susceptible to emotional changes。
[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears。
[D] are a random oute of neural repairs。
32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show[A] its function in our dreams。
[B] the mechanism of REM sleep。
[C] the relation of dreams to emotions。
[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex。
33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind。
[B] develop into happy dreams。
[C] persist till the time we fall asleep。
[D] show up in dreams early at night。
34. Cartwright seems to suggest that[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams。
[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control。
[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression。
[D] dreams may not entirely belong to the unconscious。
35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes havebad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual。
[B] Seek professional help。
[C] Exercise conscious control。
[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime。
名师解析31. Researchers have e to believe that dreams 研究人员已经逐步相信梦[A] can be modified in their courses. 可以在过程中被修改。
[B] are susceptible to emotional changes. 容易受到情感变化 * 。
[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears. 反应我们内心的欲望与恐惧。
[D] are a random oute of neural repairs. 是神经修复的随机结果。
【答案】 A【考点】事实细节题。
【分析】题干关键词“researcher”在第一段第四句出现，而在此之前，作者主要介绍了过去有关梦的定义，包括“Freud”(弗洛伊德)以及“20世纪70年代神经学家”的说法。
第四句开始，文章作者提到了当代的研究者的观点“梦可以调节人的情绪，梦不仅可以被驾驭，还可以有意识地对其进行控制，梦可以改变。
”通过这样的一个分析比较归纳，考生应该能够比较容易地得出[A]这个正确答案。
选项[B]属于干扰项，但是出题人故意偷梁换柱，将梦影响情绪说成情绪影响梦。
2017年考研英语阅读理解模拟题(四)及答案：法学类
2017年考研英语阅读理解模拟题（四）及答案：法学类 The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems ， and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As on Norwegian politician said last week ： “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”Ever since the war ， the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success ： Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university ， a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south ， and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north ， however. With nearly 100 percent employment ， everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population ， but they are an important part of it ， because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.1.The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to[A] provide more jobs for foreign workers.[B] slow down the rate of its development.[C] sell the oil it is producing abroad.[D] develop more quickly than at present.2.The Norwegian Government has tried to[A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.[B] prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway.[C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems.[D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size.3.According to the passage ， the oil industry might lead northern Norway to[A] the development of industry.[B] a growth in population.[C] the failure of the development programme.[D] the development of new towns.4.In the south ， one effect to the development of the oil industry might be[A] a large reduction on unemployment.[B] a growth in the tourist industry.[C] a reduction in the number of existing industries.[D] the development of a number of service industries.5.Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because[A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal.[B] their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal.[C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society.[D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life.Vocabulary1.Norwegian 挪威的;挪威人2.coastline 海岸线3.recognition 承认;认识;赞赏4.countryside 乡下;乡民难句译注1.A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers.【结构简析】用两个分号连接三句句子。
2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(四)
2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(四)Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavator’s grip on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But, you might reply, everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here we part company. Theoretically, you may be correct in claiming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus, archaeologists recently uncovered 2,000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard. Even precious royal seal impressions known as melekh handles have been found in abundance — more than 4,000 examples so far.The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed, with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.It would be unrealistic to suggest that illegal digging would stop if artifacts were sold on the open market. But the demand for the clandestine product would be substantially reduced. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was available whose provenance was known, and that was dated stratigraphically by the professionalarchaeologist who excavated it?1. The primary purpose of the text is to propose[A] an alternative to museum display of artifacts.[B] a way to curb illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological profession.[C] a way to distinguish artifacts with scientific value from those that have no such value.[D] the governmental regulation of archaeological sites.2. Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in museum basements?[A] Museum officials rarely allow scholars access to such artifacts.[B] Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.[C] Artifacts discovered in one excavation often become separated from each other.[D] Such artifacts’ often remain uncatalogued and thus cannot be located once they are put in storage.3. The author mentions the excavation in Cyprus (line 2, paragraph 4) to emphasize which of the following points?[A] Ancient lamps and pottery vessels are less valuable, although more rare, than royal seal impressions.[B] Artifacts that are very similar to each other present cataloguing difficulties to archaeologists.[C] Artifacts that are not uniquely valuable, and therefore could be sold, are available in large quantities.[D] Cyprus is the most important location for unearthing large quantities of salable artifacts.4. The author’s argument concerning the effect of the official sale of duplicate artifacts on illegal excavation is based on which of the following assumptions?[A] Prospective purchasers would prefer to buy authenticated artifacts.[B] The price of illegally excavated artifacts would rise.[C] Computers could be used to trace sold artifacts.[D] Illegal excavators would be forced to sell only duplicate artifacts.5. The author anticipates which of the following initial denials of his proposal?[A] Museum officials will become unwilling to store artifacts.[B] An oversupply of salable artifacts will result and the demand for them will fall.[C] Artifacts that would have been displayed in public places will be sold to private collectors.[D] Illegal excavators will have an even larger supply of artifacts for resale.[答案与考点解析]1. 【答案】B【考点解析】这是一道中心主旨题。
考研英语二(阅读)模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.3 m people a year, more than malaria or tuberculosis. On present trends, by 2030 they will take a greater toll than the two together, and greater even than AIDS. The vast majority of victims die in poor and middle-income countries—1. 2m in 2011, compared with 99, 000 in rich ones. For every 100,000 cars in the rich world, fewer than 15 people die each year. In Ethiopia the figure is 250 times higher. It is tempting to see the kill as the price of development. Building roads is a highly effective way of boosting growth: the World Bank finds many projects to fund that do better than its minimum acceptable economic rate of return of 12%. In the rich world road deaths and growth went hand-in-hand for decades; the first death-by-car was in 1896 and the peak came in the 1970s. However, since then, restraints on drivers and investment in safety have slashed road deaths in the rich world by more than half. New York’s roads are now at their safest since records began in 1910. Sweden is still some way from its stated goal of ending road deaths altogether, but in 2013 just one Swedish child under seven died in a crash. Technology such as alcolocks, which prevent drunk-driving, and self-driving cars will make roads in the rich world safer still. Governments in poor countries tend to assume that they, too, must see deaths soar before they are rich enough to think about saving lives. Aid donors and development banks may conclude that a dangerous road is better than no road at all. But the experience of rich countries has shown that roads can be made safer cheaply and simply. And far from being an unaffordable luxury, safe roads make better economic sense than dangerous ones. Most crash victims are boys and working-age men. Their death or disability leaves families in poverty and deprives countries of their most economically valuable citizens. In medical bills, care, lost output and vehicle damage, the kill costs desperately poor countries as much as 10% of GDP.1．The underlined word “epidemic”(Para 1, Line 3)may be closest to______.A．polioB．malariaC．diseaseD．death正确答案：C解析：文章中的another epidemic表示“另一种——”，既然提到“另一种”，上文必然还提到类似的信息，由此我们可以推断上文的polio，malaria，AIDS都可以等同于epidemic，而选项[A]和[B]我们都可以选，因此可以确定这些词还不能完全与epidemic相等。
2023考研英语一阅读理解Text4部分试题及答案解析
2023考研英语一阅读理解Text4部分试题及答案解析Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 4Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals. The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time. In 2016, researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently, another expression of this predatory behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles.The advent of electronic publishing and authors’ need to find outlets for their papers resu lted in thousands of new journals. The birth of predatory journals wasn’t far behind. These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. In some instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations. The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all—it is just providing citations to other journals. Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than 150 citations in the same year that it was published.How insidious is this type of citation manipulation? In one example, an individual—acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, a citation database, which includes a high number of the new “international” journals. In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in thi s type of citation manipulation.Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice. Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year. And for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities: when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.36. According to Paragraph l, the careers of scientists can be determined by ______.[A] how many citations their works contain[B] how many times their papers are cited[C] the prestige of the people they work with[D] the status they have in scientific circles37. The support service consultancies tend to ______.[A] recommend journals to their clients[B] list citation patterns for their clients[C] ask authors to include extra citations[D] advise contributors to cite each other38. The function of the “milk cow” journals is to ______.[A] boost citation counts for certain authors[B] help scholars publish articles at low cost[C] instruct first-time contributors in citation[D] increase the readership of new journals39. What can be learned about Scopus from the last two paragraphs?[A] It fosters competition among citation providers.[B] It has the capability to identify suspicious citations.[C] It hinders the growth of “international” journals.[D]It is established to prevent citation manipulation.40. What should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?[A] Take legal action[B] Demand an apology[C] Seek professional advice[D] Reveal their misconduct【答案】36. [B] how many times their papers are cited37. [C] ask authors to include extra citations38. [A] boost citation counts for certain authors39. [B] It has the capability to identify suspicious citations40. [D] Reveal their misconduct。
2021考研英语终极预测模拟题及答案解析(第四套)
2021考研英语终极预测模拟题及答案解析(第四套)第 1 页：终极预测模拟题第 8 页：参考答案2021考研英语终极预测模拟题及答案解析(四套)Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A]， [B]， [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Treasury could pocket 20 million a year in extra fines once the country‘s speed camera network is expanded. Motoring organizations warned that the __1__could become a poll tax on wheels’，__2__huge number of drivers. There could be many more incidents of vandalism __3__cameras.The warnings came__4__a Daily Mail survey found almost all the 23 police forces in England and Wales were either__5__to expansion plans or considering __6__.Nationwide，the number of speeding tickets is expected to treble，__7__ 90 million a year.__8__the scheme，police keep some of the cash from fines to __9__the costs of fitting and maintaining extra cameras and__10__that existing ones always have film in them. The rest will go to the Treasury. BothMinisters and police insist the scheme is aimed__11__at making roads safer. They point to trials in eight areas which cut collisions by a quarter and deaths and serious injuries by __12__a half.But motoring organizations fear cameras will be sited on relatively safe__13__fast stretches to catch as many drivers as possible. Some forces are also expected to__14__the “threshold”speeds at which cameras are__15__to the absolute legal minimum-15 mph in a 10 mph limit，and 26 mph in a 20 mph zone. This could encourage drivers to stare at their speedometers instead of concentrating on the road，and __16__to more accidents. Sue Nicholson，head of campaigns at the RAC，said，“We don‘t have a problem with speed cameras __17__. But we do have concerns about__18__they are sited. Police risk losing credibility __19__motorists if cameras are seen as revenue-raising __20__safety devices.”1. [A] promotions [B] punishments [C] penalties [D] payments2. [A] isolating [B] separating [C] alienating [D] detaching3. [A] towards [B] against [C] before [D] over4. [A] so [B] once [C] as [D] where5. [A] subjected [B] engaged [C] intended [D] committed6. [A] taking part [B] keeping silence [C] making exception[D] paying respect7. [A] financing [B] profiting [C] funding [D] netting8. [A] From [B] Under [C] On [D] With9. [A] hide [B] cover [C] conceal [D] veil10. [A] pledging [B] assuring [C] confirming [D] ensuring11. [A] essentially [B] strongly [C] wholeheartedly [D] purely12. [A] in all [B] fewer than [C] at most [D] up to13. [A] but [B] whereas [C] though [D] while14. [A] fit [B] put [C] set [D] fix15. [A] levered [B] geared [C] handled [D] triggered16. [A] lead [B] add [C] contribute [D] resort17. [A] any less [B] by itself [C] after all [D] as such18. [A] who [B] when [C] where [D] which19. [A] in [B] with [C] against [D] for20. [A] in spite of [B] far from [C] rather than [D] by means ofSection II Reading Comprehension12345678910 ... >>第 1 页：终极预测模拟题第 8 页：参考答案Part ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A]， [B]， [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which shouldhave been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence.A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally - admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countlessother barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.21. It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings isA. not very high.B. high.C. contemptuous.D. critical.22. The main idea of this passage isA. vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.B. people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.C. to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.D. people are bloodthirsty in sports.23. That the author mentions the old Romans isA. To compare the old Romans with today’s people.B. to give an example.C. to show human beings in the past know nothing better.D. to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.24. How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?A. Three.B. Five.C. Six.D. Seven.25. The purpose of the author in writing this passage isA. that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.B. that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.C. that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.D. to show law is the main instrument of social change.第 1 页：终极预测模拟题第 8 页：参考答案Text 2Scientists have known since 1952 that DNA is the basic stuff of heredity. They've known its chemical structure since 1953. They know that human DNA acts like a biological computer programsome 3 billion bits long that spells out the instructions for making proteins， the basic building blocks of life.But everything the genetic engineers have accomplished during the past half-century is just a preamble to the work that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues are doing now. Collins leads the Human Genome Project， a 15-year effort to draw the first detailed map of every nook and cranny and gene in human DNA. Anderson， who pioneered the first successful human gene-therapy operations， is leading the campaign to put information about DNA to use as quickly as possible in the treatment and prevention of human diseases.What they and other researchers are plotting is nothing less than a biomedical revolution. Like Silicon Valley pirates reverse-engineering a computer chip to steal a competitor's secrets，genetic engineers are decoding life's molecular secrets and trying to use that knowledge to reverse the natural course of disease. DNA in their hands has become both a blueprint and a drug， a pharmacological substance of extraordinary potency that can treat not just symptoms or the diseases that cause them but also the imperfections in DNA that make people susceptible to a disease.And that's just the beginning. For all the fevered workbeing done， however， science is still far away from the Brave New World vision of engineering a perfect human—or even a perfect tomato. Much more research is needed before gene therapy becomes commonplace，and many diseases will take decades to conquer， if they can be conquered at all.In the short run， the most practical way to use the new technology will be in genetic screening. Doctors will be able to detect all sorts of flaws in DNA long before they can be fixed. In some cases the knowledge may lead to treatments that delay the onset of the disease or soften its effects. Someone with a genetic predisposition to heart disease， for example， could follow a low-fat diet. And if scientists determine that a vital protein is missing because the gene that was supposed to make it is defective， they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein. But in other instances，almost nothing can be done to stop the ravages brought on by genetic mutations. (409 words)26. It can be inferred from the text that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues _____.[A] know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program[B] have found the basic building blocks of life[C] have accomplished some genetic discovery during the past half-century[D] are making a breakthrough in DNA27. Collins and Anderson are cited in the text to indicate all the following EXCEPT that ______.[A] time-consuming effort is needed to accomplish the detailed map of in human DNA[B] human gene-therapy operations may be applied to the patients[C] gene-therapy now is already generally used to the treatment and prevention of human diseases[D] information about DNA may be used in the treatment and prevention of human diseases28. The word “pirate” (line 2， paragraph 3) means______.[A] one who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea[B] one who makes use of or reproduces the work of another without authorization[C] to take (something) by piracy[D] to make use of or reproduce (another's work) without authorization29. We can draw a conclusion from the text that_____.[A] engineering a perfect human is not feasible for the timebeing[B] it‘s impossible for scientists to engineer a perfect tomato[C] many diseases will never be conquered by human beings[D] doctors will be able to cure all sorts of flaws in DNA in the long run30. The best title for the text may be ______.[A] DNA and Heredity[B] The Genetic Revolution[C] A Biomedical Revolution[D] How to Apply Genetic Technology第 1 页：终极预测模拟题第 8 页：参考答案Text 3The purpose of an interview is to find out if your goals and the goals of an organization are compatible.Other goals of the interview are：to answer questions successfully，obtain any additional information needed to make a decision，accent your special strengths，establish a positive relationship，show confidence，and to sell yourself.Based on these goals，place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories：company data，personal data，and specific job data.You also develop questionswhich you will ask to determine how well your career goals match the needs of the organization.These questions include both those you would ask before a job offer and those you would ask after a job offer.Prior to the interview，acquaint yourself with the laws pertaining to job discrimination.This knowledge will enhance your chances of being considered on an equal standing with other applicants.To develop confidence，adequately prepare for the interview.Focus on how you can best serve the organization to which you are applying.Then rehearse until the rough edges are smoothed and you sound convincing to those with whom you have practiced.Since the interview will center on you，proper self-management process is divided into four stages：the before stage，the greeting stage，the consultation stage，and the departure stage.The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter，concentrating on appearance and nonverbal communication，developing your portfolio，anticipating questions with positive responses，and arriving early.The greeting stage includes greeting everyone courteously，using waiting-room smarts，using your time wisely，and applying properprotocol when meeting the interviewer.The consultation stage includes responsiveness and enthusiasm，knowing when to interject key points，showing sincerity，highlighting your strengths，and listening intently.The departure stage includes leaving on a positive note，expressing appreciation，expressing interest，leaving promptly，and making notes immediately after departure.To save time and money and offer convenience to prospective employees and employers，video taping and satellite videophones may become a common method of interviewing.Being at ease in front of a camera would be important for these types of interviews.Following the interview，write thank-you letters to each person who interviewed you and to those who helped you get the interview.When invited for a second interview，go prepared by using your notes and feedback from the interview to zero in on what the company wants.If the company doesn‘t respond in two weeks，call back or write a follow-up letter.You may get turned down.If so，try to find out why as a means of self-improvement.Following a job offer，take a few days to consider all elements and then call or write a letter either accepting or declining the offer-—whichever is appropriate.If you acceptand you are presently employed，write an effective letter of resignation，departing on a positive note.31.The word“compatible”in the first sentence probably means____.[A] in agreement [B] in conflict[C] complementary [D] practicable32.The writer advises you to familiarize yourself with the laws concerning job discrimination so that ____.[A] you can show your prospective employer you have a wide range of knowledge[B] you stand on equal chance of being hired with other applicants to the job[C] you will refuse to give answers to any questions against the current laws[D] you know how to behave within the limit of laws at the interview33.At which stage should you emphasize your qualifications for the job?[A] The before stage.[B] The greeting stage.[C] The consultation stage.[D] The departure stage.34.If you are given a second interview，it is most important for you to____.[A] write a thank-you letter to each person who interviewed you last time[B] find out exactly what the company wants of you[C] learn from the last interview and improve yourself[D] consider all the elements that are important for the job35.The passage is mainly concerned with____.[A] how to manage an interview[B] how to apply for a job vacancy[C] how an applicant should behave during an interview[D] how to make your private goal compatible with those of an organization第 1 页：终极预测模拟题第 8 页：参考答案Text 4The Wall Street Journal has continued as the world’s most credible news source and one that refused to conform to the passing prejudice and error of the journalistic herd. Naturally the Journal receives ongoing abuse from the herd for its distressing independence. Yet, rarely is the criticism straightforward but rather an assault on the conservatism ofthe Journal’s editorial page, which strikes conformist journalists as an insult and is the real cause of the herd’s distress. Rather the criticism focuses on the Journal’s bottom line, its sluggish share price, and rumors that the family controlling the paper, the Bancroft family, is unhappy and about to sell it.The rumors of the Bancrofts’ unhappiness are all highly exaggerated and quickly refuted. For this proud family whose ancestor, Clarence W. Barron, purchased the Journal and with it the Dow Jones news service in 1902 conceives of its ownership as a “public trust.” That is how Roy A. Hammer, a lawyer and trustee for the entities through which the Bancrofts control the paper, described their sense of ownership. This is not so unusual. Great newspapers have always played a major role in American civic life. I said “great newspapers,” serious newspapers, the kind that put gathering news ahead of sensationalism.Most of the truly profitable newspapers in the country today are essentially shopping circulars with some cheap journalism printed on those pages not devoted to shopping mall sales. The great newspaper chains take over local papers, fire journalists, and set out to fill their pages with still moreadvertisements. Well, they supply a service. They let readers know about the price, say, of chicken at the Giant or snow tires at the CVS. But fewer and fewer local newspapers supply much news and analysis. Great newspapers do, and not one that I know of makes a vast amount of money.Great newspapers do help to set the agenda for the nation. They break stories of corruption or on other vital matters. One of the few things I find admirable about the New York Times is that its controlling family, the Sulzberger family, is not intent on squeezing every penny of profit out of its flagship paper. Thus last week when I read a long critique in the Times of the Wall Street Journal’s management for its sluggish financial performance, I discovered hypocrisy.The hypocrisy is all the greater coming from liberals who are criticizing conservatives for their alleged devotion the “Almighty Dollar.” Profits are essential to all businesses. For one thing they are a very accurate poll of the populace’s tastes, but there are other services some corporations supply to society. Both the Journal and the Times supply—at too higha cost—information that enlightens the citizenry.36. The journalistic herd’s distress is caused by the Wall Street Journal’s _____.[A] credibility [B] prejudice [C] conformism [D] professionalism37. The Bancroft family purchased the Wall Street Journal to _____.[A] sell it for a higher price [B] promote the Dow Jones news service[C] dominate the great newspapers chains [D] influence American civic life38. It can be inferred from the passage that great newspapers _____ .[A] have to engage in a form of sensationalism [B] make a bigger profit than local papers[C] supply much news and analysis [D] refuse to accept the error of the journalistic herd39. The author says “I discovered hypocrisy” (Last line, Paragraph 4), because _____ .[A] the Times was involved in corruption [B] the Times was becoming profit-driven[C] the Times was attacking the Journal [D] the Journal was in financial difficulty40. The author seems to believe that all the newspapers should _____.[A] maxmize the profit [B] satisfy the public’s tastes [C] provide social services [D] inform the readers at a high cost 第 1 页：终极预测模拟题第 8 页：参考答案Part BDirections：The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45，you are required to reorganize these paragraphs int0 a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them int0 the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1959 the average American family paid $ 989 for a year’s supply of food. In 1972 the family paid $1,311. That was a price increase of nearly one –third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible?Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the farmer’s share of the $1,311 spent by the family in 1972 was $521. This was 31percent more than the farmer had received in 1959.But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of living. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold. 41) __________.Of the $1,311 family food bill in 1972, middlement received $ 790, which was 33 percent more than they had received in 1959. It appears that the middlemen’s profit has increased more than farmer’s. But some economists claim that the middleman’s actual profit was very law. According to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one per cent. During the same period all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than 5 per cent.42) __________ .43) __________ .Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several “TV dinners” are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals, consistingof meat, vegetables, and sometimes desert, all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the over and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. 44) __________.Economists remind us many modern housewives have jobs outside the home. They earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy for cooking after a day’s work. She wants to buy many kinds of food that can be put on her family’s table easily and quickly.45) __________ .It appears that the answer to the question for rising prices is not a simple one. Producers, consumers, and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs.A) Thus, as economists point out:” Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods, which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor’s plant.”B) They are among the “middlemen” who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices?C) “If the housewife wants all of these.” The economistssay, “that is her privilege, but she must be prepared to pay for the services of the those who make her work easier.”D) Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store? The economists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives, but many people will not like it. These economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don’t want to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market.E) However, some economists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period of time. In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment.F) Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it.G) By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices.第 1 页：终极预测模拟题第 8 页：参考答案Part CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments int0 Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Gandhi’s pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. (1)Its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definitive technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gandhi’s attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. Satyagraha, (2)the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of non-violent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred. It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. Gandhi objected to “passive resistance” as a translation of Satyagraha: in Gujarati, it seems, the word means “firmness in the truth”. (3)In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918. Evenafter he had completely abjured violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for national independence, he could not and,(4)indeed, he did not take the sterile and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins. Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. In relation to the late war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer was: “What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them exterminated? If not, how do you propose to save them without resorting to war?”(5)I must say that I have never heard, from any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the “you’re another” type. But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and that his answer is on record in Mr. Louis Fischer’s Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fischer, Gandhi’s view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which “would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitler’s violence.”Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.DirectionsOne of your students, Li Ming, wants to study for the Master's Degree under the supervision of Professor Smith in an oversea university, you are asked to write a letter of recommendation for him in about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.You do not need to write the address.Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160——200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay， you should1) describe the drawing briefly，2) explain it‘s intended meaning， and3) give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)第 1 页：终极预测模拟题第 8 页：参考答案完形填空答案1. C2. C3. B4. C5. D6. A7. D8. B9.B 10. D11. D 12.D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19.B 20.C总体分析本文讲述了英国车速监控摄像体系扩张计划的内容及影响，着重阐述了这一计划的支持者(警察和财政部门)和反对者(机动车管理机构)的观点。
研究生英语模拟题4(附答案).doc
Part I Vocabulary (20 points)Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B]，[C] and[D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. (10 points)1 .Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable ofscientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb the_________________ a nd objective investigation.A.scepticalB. blindC. partialD. impartial2.Most specialized extensions, such as probability theory and group theory, are now applied to an increasing __________ ofactivities, from economics and the design of experiments to wars and politics.A.scopeB. TangeC. confinementD. extent3.When, however, this machine _____ general use in the 15th and 16th centuries, it was discovered that, no matter howperfect the pump was, it was not possible to raise water vertically more than about 35 feet.A.passed overB. passed byC. passed intoD. passed through4.In carrying out this work, the pure scientist usually ______ its application to practical affairs, confining his attention toexplanations of how and why events occur.A.makesB. paysC. regardsD. disregards5.This has inevitably led to the extension of many items of research ______ national boundaries.A.intoB. byC. forD. beyond6.Whilst this process enables us to raise our standards of living at an ever-accelerating rate, it also leads to a ______________growth of interdependence between the different regions of the world.A.correspondingB.correspondentC. responsiveD.responding7.Since, under modern conditions, a rapid rise in population is a phenomenon closely associated with underdevelopment,this cause alone can _____ t he whole economy to severe and continuous stress.A.placeB. putC.subjectD. destroy8.But so widespread and serious are the consequences that may arise from this source that they ________ separate treatmentin the following unit.A.conservetB. deserveC. preserveD. reserve9.This erroneous viewpoint ______ progress in this field for many decades.A. madeB. advancedC. blockedD. kept10.In general, the application■一or misapplication―of science and technology in all fields is certain to affect the structureof society ____ .A. on the wholeB. as a wholeC. completeD. entireSection BDirections: Beneath each of the following questions, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and[D]. Choose the one that is most nearly the same in meaning as the underlined word. (10 points)11.This further proof not only established Torricelli's hypothesis more securely, but also demonstrated that, in some aspects, airbehaved like water; this, of course, stimulated further enquiry.A. advanced B .prohibited C. blocked D. simulated12.ConveTsely, work in applied science and technology acts as a direct stimulus to the development of pure science.A. On the contraryB. On one handC. By definitionD. By comparison13.In literature, caricatures usually contain verbal exaggeTation through which the writer achieves comic and often satiriceffects.A. actionB. humorC. interactionD. overstatement14.Any scientist working for such organization and investigating in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordancewith a plan or programme designed beforehand.A. before longB. in advanceC. hithertoD. afterwards15.Many scientific disciplines have had, for a long past, their own international unions and associations whose main functionsare the dissemination of information, the coordination of research and the standardization of measurements and nomenclature.A. transmissionB. transactionC. storageD. elimination16.Since the main source ofpolitical instability is underdevelopment, it is clear that this now constitutes a problem ofinternational proportions.A. rateB.measurementC. percentageD. dimensions17.Apparently minor changes in laboratory conditions may have an adverse influence on the experiment or series ofexperiments as a whole.A. hannfulB. disastrousC. unfortunateD. favorable18.Hence another difficulty about words is that they often do not differentiate clearly enough between several varieties of the“same” thing.A. differB. distinguishC. predictsD. analogize19.One of the greatest bwakthToughs for professional women came in 1973 when the field of banking opened up for them.A. most serious disappointments B most significant advancesC. most abrupt declinesD. most crucial situations20.The widespread application and combination of new and more complex products will give rise to unexpected interactions orside-effects.A. be caused byB. result fromC. lead toD. give way toPart Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements・ For each of them there are four choices marked A), B)，C) and D).And you should decide on the best answer.(20 points).Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passageWhat does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms: generalization and reduction. Most psychologists deal with generalization. They explain particular instances of behavior as examples of general laws. For instance most psychologists would explain a pathologically strong fear of dogs as an examples of classical conditioning. Presumably, the person was frightened earlier in life by a dog. An unpleasant stimulus was paired with the sight of the animal (perhaps the person was knocked down by an exuberant dog) and the subsequent sight of dogs evokes the earlier response-fear.Most physiologists deal with reduction. Phenomena are explained in terms of simpler phenomena. For example, the movement of a muscle is explained in terms of changes in the membrane of muscle cells, entry of particular chemicals, and interactions between protein molecules within these cells. A molecular biologist would "explain" these events in terms of forces that bind various molecules together and cause various parts of these molecules to be attracted to one another.The task of physiological psychology is to "explain" behavior in physiological terms. Like other scientists, physiological psychologists believe that all natural phenomena-including human behavior-are subject to the laws of physics. Thus, the laws of behavior can be reduced to descriptions of physiological processes.How does one study the physiology of behavior? Physiological psychologists cannot simply be reductionists. It is not enough to observe behaviors and correlate them with physiological events that occur at the same time. Identical behaviors, under different conditions, may occur for different reasons, and thus be initiated by different physiological mechanisms: This means that we must understand "psychologically" why a particular behavior occurs before we can understand what physiological events made it occu匸21.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.The difference between "scientific" and "unscientific" explanations.B.The difference between human and animal behavior.C.How the psychologist, physiologist, and molecular biologist would explain fear.D.How scientists differ in their approaches to explaining natuTal phenomena.22.In the first paragraph the wo rd "deal” could best be replaced by which of the following?A. barterB. bargainC. are playingD. are concerned23.Which of the following is most clearly analogous to the example in the passage of the person who fears dogs?A. A. child chokes on a fishbone and as an adolescent is reluctant to eat fish.B. A person feels lonely and after a while buys a dog for companionship.C. A child studies science in school and later grows up to become a teacher.D. A person hears that a snowstorm is predicted that evening and is afraid to drive home.24.According to he passage, which of the following is important in explaining a muscle movement?A.The flow of blood to the muscles.B.Classical conditioning.C.Protein interactions.D.The entry of unpleasant stimuli through the cell membrane.25.The author implies that which of the following is the type of scientific explanation most likely used by a molecular biologist?A. Experimentation.B. Reduction.C. Interaction.D. Generalization.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passageIf you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses5 convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. 4<Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. 4<Oh, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outside making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.26.To make your humor work, you should ______ .A. take advantage of different kinds of audience.B. Make fun of the disorganized peopleC. Address different problems to different peopleD. show sympathy for your listeners27.The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________ .A. impolite to new arrivals. B very conscious of their godlike roleC. entitled to some privileges.D. very busy even during lunch hours.28.It can be inferred from the text that public services _______ .A. have benefited many peopleB. are the focus of public attentionC. are an inappropriate subject for humor.D. Have often been the laughing stock29 To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________ .A. in well-worded languageB. as awkwardly as possibleC. in exaggerated statementsD. as casually as possible30.The best title for the text may be ______ .A. Use Humor EffectivelyB. Various Kinds of HumorC. Add Humor to speechD. Different Humor Strategies.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passageSince the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics-the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our baking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless rob drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub millimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves-goals that pose a real challenge. 4<While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough "common sense5 to reliably interact with a dynamic world."Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain?s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated-than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or thesingle suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.31.Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in _______ .A.the use of machines to produce science fiction.B.The wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.C.The invention of tools for difficult and dangeTOus workD.The elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.32.The word "gizmos" (Line 1, paragraph?) most probably means ______ .A. ProgramsB. expertsC. Devices.D. creatures33.According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can _________ .A.fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgeryB.interact with human beings verballyC.have a little common senseD.respond independently to a changing world34.Besides reducing human labor, robots can also ______ .A. make a few decisions for themselves B deal with some errors with human inteTventionC. improve factory environmentsD. cultivate human creativity.35.The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are _______ .A.expected to copy human brain in internal structure.B.Able to perceive abnormalities immediatelyC.Far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant infoTmationD.Best used in a controlled environmentQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passageCaptain Robert Scott was an officer in the English navy. He led an expedition to Antarctica in 1901-1904 for a British scientific organization called the Royal Geographical Society. His group traveled farther south than anyone else had ever done, and he gathered information on rocks, weather, and climate, and made maps. When he returned to England, he was a nation hero.A few years later, he decided to organize another expedition. He said he wanted to make a complete scientific study of Antarctica, but he really wanted to be the first person at the South Pole. He took three doctors, several scientists, and other men with him.They sailed on a ship named the Terra Nova in June 1910. Scott and his men built a building near the ocean's edge as their base camp and spent the winter there. They used sleds and ponies to carry a ton of supplies farther inland to a place that they named the One Ton Depot. When spring came, a few of the men started ahead of the others with motorized sleds to leave supplies along the way. However, after only a few days, the sleds broke down and the men had to pull them.A few days later, Scott started for the Sough Pole with a few men. The whole journey was very difficult. Scott and his men either walked through deep snow or skied over ice and uneven ground. The climate was too difficult for the ponies, and they all died. There were frequent snowstorms. Sometimes the men couldn't leave their tents for several days because of blizzards.When Scott was 260 kilometers from the Pole, he sent all but four men back to the base camp. This was probable his most serious mistake. He had a tent big enough for 4 people and only enough food and fuel for 4, but now there were 5. Also, one man had left his skis behind with some of the supplies. He had to walk in the snow, and this slowed down the whole group.On January 17,1912, Scott and his men reached the Pole, only to find a tent and the Norwegian flag. They were not the first people to reach the South Pole. They had lost the race.36.This passage mainly describes __________ .A. Scott's expedition to AntarcticaB. Scott's expedition to South PoleC. a race to the South PoleD. a race to Antarctica37.Scott was mainly interested in ______ .A.collecting information about AntarcticaB.collecting information only about the South PoleC.being the first peTSon at the South PoleD.being the first person at Antarctica38.Scott's most serious mistake was ____ .A.he sent all men back to the base campB.only he and other 3 men marched to the South PoleC.he had another 4 men inarched to the South Pole with himD.he had too much food and fuel with them39.January is a ____ month in the South Pole.A. summerB. fallC. springD. winter40.The first person to reach the South Pole was ______ .A. EnglishB. FrenchC. NonvegianD. AmericanPart III Translation (20 points)Section A Translate the following into Chinese(10 points)In formulating hypotheses, for example, a common error is the uncritical acceptance of apparently common-sense, but untested, assumptions. Thus in the field of psychology it was for many years automatically assumed that the main cause of forgetfulness as the interval of time elapsing betweensuccesive exposure to a learning stimulus. Experimentation, however, was subsequently undertaken, and several other factors, such as motivation and the strength or effectiveness of the stimulus, turned out to have an even more important bearing on the problem. A somewhat similar error arises from neglect of multiple causes. Thus two events may be found to be associated, e.g. when the incidence of a disease in a smoky-free zones. A research worker might infer that the existence of the disease is due to the smokiness of the area when in fact it might equally well be found in another reasons, such as the under-nourishment of the inhabitants or over-crowding.Section B Translate the following into English (10 points)1.此外，我对实验结果依然表示怀疑，因为我知道总是一些难以预料的因素干扰了公正、客观的研究。
考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.6 minutes for the kids who weren’t. The boys who had the video games immediately achieved lower reading and writing test scores than those who didn’t. But the PlayStations seemed to have no effect on the boys’ math and problem solving skills. Cerankosky said in a statement on the Denison University Web site that there isn’t “ necessarily something inherent in video games that negatively affects kids”. It’s an activity that detracts from time that could be spent on schoolwork,” she said. If you are wondering why we needed a study to tell us that, the researchers say that conventional wisdom is not always accurate, and it is important to prove such beliefs through experimentation.11．Which of the following is CORRECT according to the first paragraph?A．The researchers call for a ban on children video games.B．Video games have less influence on girl’s performance.C．Evaluation is needed before buying children video games.D．The new PlayStation II gaming system is too violent to children.正确答案：C解析：事实细节题。
【资格考试】2019最新整理-考研英语阅读理解精读100篇-模拟自测题Text4(2)
——参考范本——【资格考试】2019最新整理-考研英语阅读理解精读100篇－模拟自测题Text4(2)______年______月______日____________________部门答案：A D C B D题目分析16．答案为A，属推理判断题。
对他的名字已经比较熟悉了。
文章第一段中提到"和富有美丽的总统初选相比，在New Hampshire的州选举中，投票人对那些他们不认识的名字没有任何兴趣。
而这就是之所以Tom Alciere去年参选获胜的缘故——他曾好几次落选公职。
但那次他获得了55票而获胜。
"答案A"经过他几次的参选，人们记住了他的名字"，答案B"他非常有魅力，给他的人民以魅力四射的震颤"，答案C"他赞成杀死警察"，答案D"他常常在投票名单上是最后一个".17．答案为D，属推理判断题。
文章第二段Mr. Alciere在选举中只是许诺为个人而奋斗，并未提到警察什么的，其实我们可以从文章分析出来，不是当时别人没有问他，而是他心里明白那会引起什么反应。
答案A"宣布所有警察该死"，答案B"在广播脱口秀中发表愤怒"，答案C"从未被问起过关于警察的事"，答案D"和他的选民玩心计".18．答案为C，属事实细节题。
答案C"他污蔑他的选民只是为了引起人们的注意"，文中并没有这一点意思。
答案A"许多选民在政府中有一定的声望"，答案B"记者对他仇恨警察这件事并不以为然"，答案D"'那些所谓愚蠢、肥胖、丑陋的老女人'在社会上还是有一定市场的".19．答案为B，属推理判断题。
文章第四段提到"无脑恐龙"是New Hampshire对政府蔑视的象征。
2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（四）
2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（四）以下《2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（四）》由考研英语模拟题为您独家提供，欢迎大家参考。
Aimlessness hashardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmonyare the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese areseeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago youngpeople were hard-working and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being,but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don'tknow where they should go next。
The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of womeninto the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agerswho are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbingJapan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, itwas found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied withschool life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. Inaddition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobsthan did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed。
2021年考研英语阅读模拟题及答案详解(4)
2021年考研英语阅读模拟题及答案详解(4)查看汇总：2021年考研英语阅读模拟题及答案详解汇总Largely for “spiritual reasons，” Nancy Manos started home-schooling her children five years ago and has studiously avoided public schools ever since. Yet last week， she was enthusiastically enrolling her 8-year-old daughter， Olivia，in sign language and modern dance classes at Eagleridge Enrichment——a program run by the Mesa， Ariz.， public schools and taught by district teachers. Manos still wants to handle the basics， but likes that Eagleridge offers the extras，“things I couldn't teach.” One doubt， though， lingers in her mind： why would the public school system want to offer home-school families anything?A big part of the answer is economics. The number of home-schooled kids nationwide has risen to as many as 1.9 million from an estimated 345，000 in 1994， and school districts that get state and local dollars per child are beginning to suffer. In Maricopa County， which includes Mesa， the number of home-schooled kids has more than doubled during that period to 7，526; at about $4，500 a child， that's nearly $34 milliona year in lost revenue.Not everyone's happy with these innovations. Some states have taken the opposite tack. Like about half the states， West Virginia refuses to allow home-schooled kids to play public-school sports. And in Arizona， some complain that their tax dollars are being used to create programs for families who，essentially， eschew participation in public life. “That makes my teeth grit，'' says Daphne Atkeson， whose 10-year-old son attends public school in Paradise Valley. Even some committed home-schoolers question the new programs， given their central irony： they turn home-schoolers into public-school students，says Bob Parsons， president of the Alaska Private and Home Educators Association. ”We've lost about one third of our members to those programs. They're so enticing.'' Mesa started Eagleridge four years ago， when it saw how much money it was losing from home-schoolers——and how unprepared some students were when they re-entered the schools. Since it began， the program's enrollment has nearly doubled to 397， and last year the district moved Eagleridge to a strip mall (between a pizza joint and a laser-tag arcade)。