译林牛津版高中英语必修一语法讲解限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
译林牛津版高中英语M1-U3grammar ---非限制性定语从句教学课件 (共24张PPT)
（4）先行词在句子中作定语，无论指人或者指
物,引导词都用whose:
The girl, whose name is Kate, is the top of the students in our school. 那个女孩是我们学校最优秀的学生，她的名 字叫Kate。 The book, whose cover is red, is mine. 封面是红色的那本书是我的。
A.it B. that C. which D. he
2. I like Nanjing, __B____ has many famous places of interest.
A. where B. which C. when D. in which
3. My mother often goes to gym, __A____
is always covered by snow.
A.whose
B. on which
B.C. of which D. that
7. The brave man, ___C__ the tiger was
shot, is a good hunter.
A. of whom
B. by that
C. by whom D. by which
例如：
eg: This is the soldier who saved the boy’s life.
先行词 关系词
定语从句
非限制性定语从句的概念：
非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果 去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。和主句关系不十分密切， 从句和主句之间用逗号分开。
牛津译林版必修一高一英语上语法-非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句考情分析高考命题中，大多数定语从句的考点出现在非限制性定语从句中。
一、非限制性定语从句定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句把它的先行词限定在特定的意义之内，对先行词起限定的作用，是先行词必不可少的修饰语。
非限制性定语从句不对先行词起限定的作用，不是先行词必不可少的修饰语，只对先行词起补充说明的作用，没有它，整个句子的意思不会受到影响，仍然完整。
非限制性定语从句和它的先行词之间通常要用逗号隔开；而限制性定语从句和它的先行词之间不能用逗号隔开。
非限制性定语从句中除了不用that以外，其他关系词都可使用，使用方法与限制性定语从句一样。
The supermarket,which was opened two months ago,is now closed down.两个月前开的那家超市，现在已经倒闭了。
The book,which you're reading,is mine.你正在读的那本书是我的。
Nanjing,where I lived for five years,is very hot in summer.南京夏天非常热，我在那里生活了五年。
Your father,whom I respect very much,is a kind old man.你父亲是个很和善的老人，我很尊重他。
以下情况只能用which，不能用that:引导非限制性定语从句(包括指代整个主句的意思时)；介词+关系代词的结构中。
巧记：非限制性定语从句不用that。
【基本用法】（1)限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可以用逗号将其与主句隔开。
Do you remember the girl who taught us English? 你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩儿吗？My new car,for which I paid several thousand dollars, isn't running well.我花了几千美元买的新车不好开。
限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别-全ppt课件.ppt
A .含有be 动词 He failed the exam, as is natural.
B.实意动词的被动形式
As is reported, the fire caused a great loss.
C. 感官动词和意识类动词 如：see, hear, notice, know, learn,realize 等
and flo_ww_h_e_yr_s；ha作d地be点en状p语la时n用ted_w.__h_e_r_e_； 9. This is作th时e 间isl状an语d时_w_,h_用_er__we__h_Ie_ln_i_v。ed for two
years.
10. 2001-2005 are the years _w_h_e_n_ I studied in the university.
6. Is it the reason _w__h_y_ you were late? 7. October 1st is the date _w_h_e_n_ China
celebrat关es系its副N词a在tio定na语l 从Da句y.中代替先行 8. We wal词ke做d状in语a。ga先rd行e词n _作w_原_h_e因_re_状m语a时ny用trees
A. for which B. with which
C. of which
D. to which
7. (2011江苏卷) Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.
牛津译林版必修一高一英语语法 定语从句(一)
定语从句(一)考情分析定语从句是英语中最为重要的语法，是中国人学习英语的难点之一，也是高考的常客。
其热点考查内容如下：一、在完形填空中通过定语从句考查先行词的选择；在阅读理解中考查对定语从句的理解和与其他各种从句在意义上的转换；三、在语法填空和短文改错中直接考查对关系词的选择根据先行词派生的主谓一致，定语从句的时态等；四、在书面表达中考查通过定语从句给作文润色。
所谓从句，就是一个主谓结构，相当于整个句子(这样的句子叫复合句)的一个成分，因此，从句不能单独使用。
在复合句中修饰名词或代词，作定语的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。
下面通过两个实例来说明定语从句及其相关成分的分布情况：whom在从句中作宾语在从句中作主语一、关系代词概说关系词在定语从句的构成里起至关重要的作用。
我们甚至可以说，掌握不好关系词就无法掌握定语从句，也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。
因此，我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。
定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；没有连词。
也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。
关系代词有who, whose,whom,that, which等，用来引导定语从句。
关系代词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语、定语或表语；另一方面它们又代表主句中被定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(这样的名词和代词叫作先行词)。
关系代词图示1.关系代词：who,whom, whose, which,that等。
(1)vho用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，并且在从句中作主语；在现代英语里，也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。
I have no idea about the man who wrote the article.我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。
(2)whom用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。
牛津译林版高一英语上册必修一 语法总结
牛津译林版高一英语上册模块一语法总结一、有关定语从句的一些要点I. 只能用“that”的情况1．先行词为anything/everything/all/any/little等不定代词时注：有时all/everything/anything + that定语从句= what+名词性从句（如宾语从句）We’ll do all (that) we can to help you （= what we can）The way he solved the problem was different from what we were used to.（=the way that we were used to）2．先行词前有序数词,最高级,all /any / the very / the right / the only修饰时3．先行词既有人又有物时We talked about the things and teachers that we all knew.4．引导词在从句中作表语时My hometown is no longer a small village that it used to be.(that在从句中做表语)5．避免重复时Who is the person that you want to see.II. 不能用that 的情况1.介词之后The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle.非限制性定语从句中，“，”之后Football,which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. III. whose的使用：既指人又指物，替代his, her, their, its及名词所有格(如：Tom’s/the school’s) The book, whose cover is broken, is not mine. (=the cover of which = of which the cover)IV. 先行词为表时间/地点/原因的名词时，用where, when, why还是用that/which若从句中被替代部分：作主语或宾语，用that/which;作状语, 用where/when/why (往往=“介词+which”)1．My sister works in a beautiful city, _where_there are a lot of parks. (=in which)2．The place_that/which_ interests the children most is Disneyland.(从句中作主语)3．I often thought of my childhood, when I lived on a farm. (替代in my childhood)4．Next winter,__which you’ll spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be an exciting holiday.(作spend的宾语)5．Mary had to go to Beijing on business on June15, which h appened to be her son’s birthday.（作主语）6．This is the very reason __that_ you all know. (作know的宾语)V. as引导的定语从句，which指代一句话/一件事1．the same/as/such/so…as(定语从句):先行词前有“such/ so, the same/as ”修饰时，定语从句用“as”引导★比较：such /so…+名词＋as ( 定语从句, as起替代作用，从句结构不完整“象／如…的…”) such /so…+名词＋that (状语从句，从句结构完整“如此…以致于…”)Please lend me the same tool as was used the other day.Mr. Wang is so good a teacher as all the students love and respectMr. Wang is such a good teacher that all the students love and respect him 2．as引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前后的整个句子，可置于句首、句中或句末。
高中教育英语必修第一册译林版《语法精讲④ 定语从句》教学课件
用关系代词、关系副词或“介词＋关系代词”完成句子 1．When I arrived, my friend took me to see the house __w_h_e_re___ I would be staying. 2．We have entered into an age ___wh_e_n___ dreams have the best chance
I, who am your teacher, will try to solve all kinds of questions. 我作为你的老师，会尽力解决各种各样的问题。 ②当关系代词as或which指代整个主句，且作从句的主语时，从句的 谓语动词用单数形式。
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all. 众所周知，中国已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。
2．使用定语从句应该注意的问题 (1)定语从句中的主谓一致问题 当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动 词的人称和数应与先行词保持一致。下面是定语从句在实际运用中需 要注意的几个主谓一致的问题： ①I作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词 的人称和数应该与I保持一致。
and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光抑或是花朵都不能
令我着迷。
[特别注意] 先行词是表示时间的名词时，关系词是否用when，还 需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。
We still remember the days when we spent our holiday together. 我们仍然记得我们在一起度假的那些日子。(when在从句中作时间状 语) It happened on the day when the marriage took place.事情就发生在举 行婚礼的那天。
译林版英语必修一Unit 1 Grammar and usage(定语从句)教学课件(共25张PPT
二 中
从王 句建
平
定
The Restrictive Attributive Clause
限制性定语从句
语
从 句 The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause
非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的构成
限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意 义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
2.All t_h_a_tis needed is a supply of oil. 3. The train is the last t_h_a_t_ will go to Shanghai. 4.The boy and the dog _t_h_a_t are in the picture are
which指物，作宾语
that指物T，hi作s主i语s the book which I read last night.
Here are two pictures that are taken from the film . whose指物，作定语
This is the boy whose name is Jim.
and night.
They must do everything that Jim does. He has found the pen which I lost. I visited the school where I studied.
The girl ,who lives next to us, is a movie star.
5. The house in _w__h_i_c_h_ he used to live has turned into
译林牛津版高中英语必修一 Unit3 Grammar---The Attributive Clause 定语从句讲解教学课件 (共38张PPT)
where=>prep.+which why =>for+which
主语、宾语、表语 主语、宾语 主语
宾语 定语 主语、宾语、表语 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语
Practice 1
Fill in the blanks with suitable relative words 1. The hard-working peasants and their happy life
【例4】I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ____ help I would never have got this far.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
Conclusion:
whose +n. = the + n. + of which/whom = of which/whom+ the +n.
_t_h_a_t_ we saw left us a deep impression(印象).
2. This is not a family _w_h_e_r_e_ bad behavior can be tolerated.
3. We will put off the meeting until next month, _w_h_e_n_ they won’t be so busy.
Practice 2
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences 1.The village is the place where the President grew
up there. _t_h__e_r_e____
译林牛津版高中英语必修一语法讲解 定语从句(1)
定语从句（1）概念引入：She is the girl who sings best of all.她是所有人中唱得最好的。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
Give me the book whose cover is green.把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。
定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法，上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗？是不是有点不同呢？从这个单元开始，我们将学习定语从句的升级版，但还是从头开始学哟。
语法点拨【定语从句一P1】，定语从句的定义Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗？The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good.他前天买的那本书很棒。
He is the man whom we should learn from. 他就是我们应该学习的人。
Her friend whose home is very far came to see her. 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。
其中粗体的部分就是定语从句，划横线的部分叫做先行词，也就是被定语从句修饰的词。
定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：上面例子中的关系代词who, whom, which, that是用来引导定语从句的连接词。
这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。
例如：Those students who study in this school are good at football.（who代替先行词students在从句中充当主语）There is still much homework which we must finish.（which代替先行词homework在从句中充当宾语）关系代词引导的定语从句I. who和whom1. who和whom代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用who引导，作宾语时用whom引导。
译林 牛津版高中英语必修一 Unit3 Grammar---非限制性定语从句讲解教学课件 (共40张PPT)
3. Half a million pairs of shoes are produced by the workers here every year, 80% of whom are sold abroad. which
4. I have many friends in this town, some of which are businessmen. whom
Whom √
指物 在非限制性定语从句 中的作用
主语 宾语
宾语
Which 指代整个主句 √
主语 宾语
whose √
√
定语
关系副词(where, when)的指代关系
指地点 指时间 在定语从句中的作用
Where √
When
介词+which
√
地点状语 时间状语
Tip that, why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。要 用 for which代替why。
Discussion
Differences between the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauses.
Look at the following examples and tell the differences between the sentences.
非限制性定语从句不能用why引导。 要用for which代替why
Practice
1. Xi’an,w_h_i_c_h__ I visited last year, is a nice
old city.
2. He will come to see me next July, _w_h__e_n he
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限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：：梁晓概念引入：He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。
I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree.(我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。
)Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook.我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人She was not on the train which arrived just now。
她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上语法点拨什么是定语从句？修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。
引导定语从句的关系词有：关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that关系副词：when, where, why我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句：1. This is our school. It is beautiful.→This is our school which is beautiful.2. This is our school. We study in our school.→This is our school which we study in.→This is our school in which we study.→This is our school where we study.3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber.→Do you know the room which is made of amber?4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news.→I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出：先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。
1. A plane is a machine that can fly.the machine = that2. The boy who broke the window is called Wangkai.the boy =who3. The boy whose parents are working outside was brought up by his grandfather.the boy’s =whose【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】限制性和非限制性定语从句：什么是限制性定语从句？•Anyone should be punished.→ Anyone who breaks the rules should be punished.•也就是说，如果一个句子去掉定语从句后，主句的意思不是所要表明的意思，那么这个定语从句就是限制性定语从句。
什么是非限制性定语从句？就是不用限制先行词的定语从句。
译成汉语时，主句和从句可以分别翻译，互不影响。
最大的特点就是先行词后面有逗号隔开。
•She is good at speaking French, which she learned at school.•This book was written by Jack, who was here a moment ago.•I have some friends, some of whom are teachers.非限制性定语从句的连接词可以用who, whom或whose, which。
不用that，也不能省略。
•She had eight children, three of whom became soldiers.•Their teacher is a Japanese, whose wife is a Chinese.•My sister, who is a nurse, got married last month.•China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.非限制性定语从句还可以用when或where引起。
•She is going to Shanghai, where she was born.•We will go home next week, when we won’t be so busy.a•除了前面提到的那些连接词以外，在下面两种情况下还可以用as作为定语从句的连接词。
1. 当先行词在从句中做主语或者宾语的时候，同时先行词又被same、so或者such修饰的时候。
非限制性定语从句除了可以修饰词以外, 还可以修饰前面整个句子。
•They invited me to their party, which is very kind of them.•I was late for school again, which made my teacher very angry.• A student killed his English teacher, which frightened me very much.•Such people as you said are not good.•Let’s discuss only such questions as are interesting to all of us.•I have the same trouble as you have.•I feel just the same as you do.•He is so good a teacher as I like very much.•Those are so difficult the questions as he asked.2. 在非限定性定语从句中，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。
as一般放在句首，which在句中。
•As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.•Smoking is harmful to one’s health, which is known to all.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：上述定语从句都是我们已经学过的限制性定语从句。
所谓限制性定语从句，是指定语从句部分对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，关系代词有that, which, whom, who, whose以及关系副词when, where, why等，没有逗号把从句与先行词分开。
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确。
Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting?你认识那个正在会上讲话的教授吗？Where is the book which I bought this morning?我今天上午买的书在哪儿呢？此外，还有一类非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
用法其实与限制性定语从句极为相似，只是不能用that引导。
This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet.这些信来自他的父母，他们在西藏工作。
English is an important subject, which every student should study well.英语是一门重要的科目，每个学生都应该学好。
This is our headmaster, who I think has something to tell you. 这是我们校长，我认为他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
(校长只有一位)限定性：对先行词起修饰限制作用非限定性：对先行词起补充说明作用，先行词与定语从句有逗号隔开.He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. it1. 从形式上看限制性定语从句与其先行词紧紧相连之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间必须用逗号隔开。
Mr. Smith，who came to see me yesterday，is one of my best friends.昨天来看我的史密斯先生是我的一位好朋友。
(非限制性定语从句)This is the teacher who has taught for 30 years.这就是那位有30年教龄的老师，你想见的那个人。
(限制性定语从句)2. 从意义上讲限制性定语从句用来修饰先行词，具有限制作用，两者关系紧凑，如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性往往句意不明，有时甚至于引起费解、误解；而非限制性定语从句仅仅对先行词作补充性叙述或说明，不起限制作用两者关系不那么紧密，可以省略，省略后主句的意思仍然完整；Her sister who teaches us English will go abroad next year.她教我们英语的姐姐明年将出国。
(限制性定语从句，意思是她可能还有别的姐姐。
) Her sister，who teaches us English，will go abroad next year.她的姐姐教我们英语，明年将出国。
(非限制性定语从句，对先行词her sister起到补充说明的作用，言外之意：她只有一个姐姐。
)The old man has a son, who is in the army.那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。
（非限定性定语从句是对son进行补充、说明。
“这位老人只有一个儿子”）The old man has a son who is in the army.“那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。
限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。
（“这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作”，也就是说可能老人还有其他的儿子在干别的工作）3. 从翻译方法来看一般来说，限制性定语从句多半译成汉语的前置定语，修饰其后的先行词，非限制性定语从句则往往译成后置的并列从句。
This is the house which we bought last year. 这是我们去年买的那幢房子。