Fteemma雅思语法笔记汇总
学雅思必看雅思语法手册(全)高分必备
【学英语必看】《英语语法手册》（全）在实用英语备受青睐的现在，大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时，总是把听说读写放在首位，诚然，学习语言重在实践。
但是，请不要忽视语法的作用，特别是在阅读和写作中，他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构，准确抓住句子的要点，更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。
以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集，不需背诵记忆，只要静下心阅读一遍，就能有所收获！宝宝更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里.[英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类，叫做词类。
一个句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。
学一个词，要学它的发音、拼法、意义，也要记它的词类；更重要的是要了解它和其他词的关系，及其在句中作什么句子成分。
如China is in East Asia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词，在句子中作主语。
词类(parts of speech)英语的词通常分为十大类：1）名词(noun，缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。
2)代词(pronoun，缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。
3)形容词(adjective，缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。
4)数词(numeral，缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(第八)，hundred(一百)。
5)动词(verb，缩写为v)表示动作和状态，如write(写)，walk(行走)，think(想)。
6)副词(a d v e r b，缩写为。
a d v.)是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词，如quickly(快)，often(经常)，very(很)。
雅思英语语法
雅思英语语法雅思英语必备语法大全为了帮助大家更好地准备雅思英语，以下是店铺为大家整理的雅思英语必备语法大全，欢迎阅读!一、表语从句1 The first thing to be mentioned is that2 Another point to be considered is that3 The last thing to be shown is that4 The first advantage of (doing) something is that5 Another advantage of (doing) something is that6 The third advantage of (doing) something is that7 The first disadvantage of (doing) something is that8 Another disadvantage of (doing) something is that9 The third disadvantage of (doing) something is that10 The first possible reason is that11 Another cause is that12 The third element is that13 The first measure to be taken is that14 Another solution is that15 The third step is that16 That is why17 Why…is that…18 A hot topic discussed by people is whether19 A is to B what C is to D20 A is to B as C is to D21 My view is that…二、同位语从句同位语从句是雅思写作中非常常用的另一种从句，与其前面所修饰名词形成同位关系。
剑桥语法知识点总结
剑桥语法知识点总结剑桥语法知识点是英语学习中非常重要的一部分，掌握好剑桥语法知识点对提高英语水平非常有帮助。
在考试中，如果能掌握好剑桥语法知识点，可以帮助我们更好地理解和使用英语，提高我们的得分。
下面是一些剑桥语法知识点的总结。
一、主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
在英语的基本句型中，主语和谓语的一致性是非常重要的，否则句子就会出现语法错误。
1. 单数主语与单数谓语例如：The cat is sleeping.2. 复数主语与复数谓语例如：The cats are sleeping.3. 特殊情况（集体名词、不可数名词、单数形式）例如：The team is winning.例如：The water is boiling.例如：The news is good.二、动词时态动词时态表示动作或者状态发生的时间，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时等。
掌握好动词时态的用法，可以帮助我们正确地表达出我们的意思。
1. 一般现在时表示现在进行的动作或者状态，一般现在时用于表示经常性的动作或常态。
例如：I play football every day.2. 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或者状态，一般过去时用于某个过去的时间。
例如：I played football yesterday.3. 一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或者状态，一般将来时用于表示将来的某个时间。
例如：I will play football tomorrow.4. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，现在进行时用于表示现在正在进行的动作。
例如：I am playing football now.5. 过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，过去进行时用于表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
例如：I was playing football when it started raining.6. 将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，将来进行时用于表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作。
雅思写作最实用语法总结(全是拿分点)
雅思写作最实用语法总结(全是拿分点)雅思写作最实用语法总结时态问题：在写作中，我们需要灵活运用四种时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和一般将来时。
使用一般现在时时，需要注意第三人称单数的用法。
例如，打工对一个人的将来事业有深远的影响，可以表达为Taking part-time XXX。
而现在进行时则表示逐渐的过程，例如经济正在迅速发展，可以表达为XXX使用现在完成时时，需要注意常用的搭配，如In recent years。
In the past decades等。
例如，最近几年，科技极大地改变了人们的生活，可以表达为In recent years。
XXX一般将来时则表示将要发生的事情，例如电脑将会在教育过程中起越来越关键的作用，但是它们绝对不能在教室中取代老师的地位，可以表达为XXX。
but it is not possible that they could replace teachers in the classroom。
语态问题：在写作中，我们应该以主动语态为主，并搭配被动语态。
常见的被动语态结构包括be done、am、is、are done、is being done、have/has been done和will be done。
例如，我们应该优先考虑教育，rities should be given to XXX。
词法问题：在写作中，我们需要注意名词的使用。
泛指的名词要用复数，不加冠词。
不可数名词则使用原型。
例如，学生应该记忆而不是死记硬背，可以表达为Students XXX rather than to think。
People today face immense pressure。
which can lead to XXX。
When it comes to verbs。
there are four main categories: n verbs。
linking verbs。
(完整版)雅思口语知识点讲义,推荐文档
Grammatical Range Test PracticeA. Collocation Issue PracticeExample 1: My mom help me to walk out the most grieved period in my life until now.Example 2: We need to collect the data and write a paper around the results.Example3: She delay the progress of the team, so we can not finish the work before the deadline.Example4: She were pretended friendly and ask my recent study situation though she knew I am not goodat studyB. Sentence Structure Enhancement PracticeExample1 :But frankly speaking, I don’t really like making intimate friends with her. She is self-centered and unreliable.What she thinks about is all herself, not caring about others’ feelings. Additionally, she often breaks promises and lets people down.Example2:She is one of my friends. We knew each other in the first year since we were classmates. She is pretty academically developed. She always comes as the top in the subject though she doesn’t seem study much.Example3:I usually go to the museum with my parents. After dinner we are walk to the Canal Museum, this museum is near my house and always hold many activities.Example4:My mom help me to walk out the most grieved period in my life until now. The most grieved period was the year before last when I were prepared for the college entrance exam.Example5:She were pretended friendly and ask my recent study situation she knew I am not good at study,so every time when she asked it really make me feel embarrassed and want to escape.Example6:Q: Do you think listening to the music is important？A: Definitely, it is crucial for everybody to listen to the music.One the one hand, it is enjoyable, which will help people to releasepressure.On the other hand it is effective way for people to bemore creative.More useful collocation:grab a cup of coffeesubscribe the online-resourceslog onto the websiteappreciate the artworkdraw up a proposal/outline/a conclusiondevelop confidence/ a good habit/physical and mental healthfall out with peoplegrow apart with peopletalk sth throughspoil one dayadd up to the atmospheredistort the truthcut down the storyarouse/Kindle one’s interest/curiosity in promote efficiency/equalityfulfill one’s dream/responsibilityshift focus from xxx to xxxdedicate many hours to sthflesh out the initial ideaskeep the project on the trackpore over every draftstay on the pointsdeliver advice with speedkick the whole thing offowe much to sbbe indebted toplace importance on sthcut to the heart of the matterbe labeled by genderturn out to be a master of structure walk ab step by step through sth reach out to sb for sth3) _______________________________________________________________例如：一个人的创业史（第一桶金来源），梦想的实现，恋爱婚姻观（相亲史/不婚主义），特殊的旅行经历，某人对于热门话题的独特见解等，这些都可以是有意思对话的素材，举个小例（主体部分）：An unknown man I met in the train during a journey started a topic about how the kids and young people from the new generation have little passion on learning and busy doing unproductive staffs. Surely I started defensing the young generation and expressed the differences the new generation had with their ancestors. The conversation started to turn into a debate and both of us used our logic and reasoning. The conversation was interesting and I was actively participating in it mostly because he had good and polite way of conversation. He told his reasoning for this belief but when I showed him my logic,though this man was around 12 years senior to me, he never took any advantages of it and he treated me as an equally skilled opponent on this issue. Besides, he agreed that he learned many new facts about the new generation and our ways of thinking and lifestyles.Extra practice of adv. (7+)Choose the most appreciate adv of each blank.rgelyb.surelyc.clearlyd. thankfullye. persistentlyf. certainlyg. fortunatelyBullying is 1______unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is 2_________ rare. Victimized/Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who 3_________bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.‘There is no bullying at this school’ has been a common refrain, almost 4_____ untrue. 5_________ more school are now saying: ‘There is not much bulling here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it.With these development, schools can expect that at least the most serious kinds of bullying can 6______ be prevented.The reduction in bullying- and the consequent improvement in pupil improvement in pupil happiness-is 7_____ a worthwhile objective.B.contrast and concessionhowever despite/in spite of/regardless of whereas conversely instead while on the contrary in/by contrastthe most obvious difference is that….compared with…, …is more……is quite similar with…in terms of …Task practice:What are the differences between sending emails and writing letters as contact ways with your friends?_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________T.officially order that sth. should be forbiddenU.to reduce the negative effect of sth.by doing sth. that has an opposite effect V.reduce the total amount of tax by an average personChapter 2语法知识点：7.1高频时态准确使用一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，将来时（5.5-6）现在完成进行时，过去完成时，将来进行时（6-6.5）以下为部分真题示例：∙一般现在时：what’s your favorite music?Do you like the place you’re living in now?Do you work or are you a student?∙过去时：Why did you choose your major?What kinds of games did you play when you were a child?What did you do for entertainment when you were a child?What kinds of gifts did you often receive when you were muchyounger?∙现在完成时：Has your city/the countryside changed a lot in the last few years?Have you ever learned to play any musical instruments?∙将来时：Will you move to another city /house ?What might be your ideal job ?How will the mobile phones develop in the future?7.2 The mix use of tenses时态转化或综合使用范例(更高分）1.What changes have taken place in your hometown in the last 20 years?Well, I'm pretty young, but my parents always complain that my hometown'straffic is much worse, and they say that prices are a lot higher. But I think onthe positive side, life is better, houses are in better condition and there aremuch better shops and cleaner conditions in the restaurants.2.Has tourism changed China very much?Yes, very much in the last 10 years. Each year we are getting more tourists coming toChina since the open-door policy. Some big cities in China have become morecosmopolitan, attracting more foreigners in recent years.3.Has the transport changed over the past 20 years in China?Yes, a lot. We used to have very few bus lines years ago and people chose to go around the city by bike . But now in big cities there are more bus lines or new subway system, which has made commuting a lot easier and faster than before.4.How long have you been studying English?In my memories, I started learning English in junior school, so I guess you could say I have been keeping learning it for more than 9 years in total,even though it's been kind of "off and on."5.Do you like planting?Though I don’t plant now, in my memories I used to be fond of planting lovely sunflowers or taking care of potted plants. I was actually good at keeping plants healthy as a child, so I suppose that I didlove planting when I was much younger.7.3易混淆时态区分练习(过去时态和完成时）Correct errors of the following passage (Tenses and voice)I would like to be considered for your course degree in Zoology, starting in October next year. I feel I am a good candidate for this course as I have always been interested in natural history and even as a child I have enjoyed studying animals and insects in my garden. Your science faculty has a good reputation and I would very much like to be part of it. As you already saw in Section A of this application , I have a good academic record and I just received the results of my recent exams, all of which have been excellent.In addition, your university attracts me because I enjoy sports and I have read in your prospectus the large number of sports on st year I have represented my school at badminton and I played in football teams since I was eleven. I have recently joined a basketball team which competes at a national level.I did not travel abroad much yet, although as a young child I have been to Singapore and Hong Kong with my family.I realize that I did not spent much time away from home up to now,but am keen to become more independent.7.4时态与被动语态综合使用用动词的正确时态语态填空Our desks and chairs ________________ (make) of wood. The paper of books and newspapers ______ also ___________ (make) from wood. Even some kinds of cloth __________________ (make) from it. Many people ____________ (burn) wood to keep themselves warm in winter. Indeed, wood _______ (be) important in our everyday life.Where ________ wood __________ (come) from? It ________________ (take) from trees which_____________(grow) in the mountains. _________ you ____________ (know) how it ____________ (get) to us from the mountains?' Signpost ' words(6.5+) Extra Task practiceDomestic Violence is a sensitive issue in most societies and affects millions of women worldwide. ICRW ( 2004, p.4) claims that 'nearly one out every three women has experienced physical, emotional or sexual violence in an intimate relationship'. ________ there are many definitions of domestic violence, this study will define it as :'Behaviours that are used by one person in a relationship to control theother through: (1) a real or threatened physical harm, (2) emotional paininfliction or manipulation, (3) real or threatened sexual harm or (4)economic control.' ( Tichy et al, 2009, p. 549)__________ the nature and structure of the family life in country X ( i.e. Joint family, in which the husband and wife often live with the husband' family), this study will ______ take into account the violence perpetrated by the husband or intimate partner ________ by the in-laws.In country X, __________ the Protection From Domestic Violence Bill legally bans the ( physical and emotional ) harming of an intimate partner, it omits to mention the need to develop support structured to help victims and to fight this problem. _________, domestic violence is still considered as a private matter and as an ' invisible' issue because occurring within household walls.8.2复合句之定语从句Attributive Clauses- 定语从句中用which 和where 的区别Just beside the station was a stadium, which was built in the 19th century, and where games are now held every weekend.真题举例：Describe your favorite cafe or restaurantOne of my favorite cafes，Urban Cafe, _______ situates in North-East of my city, and ________ a wider selection of desserts and beverage come as the biggest attraction.Rewrite the sentences below as single sentences using clauses.将以下的简单句变成复合句（优先考虑定从）1．Some students take a year out before university.This allows them to work or travel.-----2．The lecture was about current economic policy.It was not very easy to understand.------3．In 1951 my parents arrived in New York. They stayed there for the rest of theirlives.------4．The government needs a lot more support.------the cost of beefwide of the mark 毫不相关come into the marketChapter 4 Part1高频话题库及范例Part 1具体高频话题Name:1．What’s your full name?2．Who gave you that name?3．Does your name have any particular meaning?4．Would you like to change your name?5．What names are most common in your hometown?Work or study:1. Do you work or are you a student?2. What work do you do?3. Why did you choose to do that kind of work?4. Why did you choose to study those subjects/that major?5. What’s your favorite subject ?6. What do you plan to do after you finish your studies?7.Have you experienced stress at work/study?Hometown:1.Where is your hometown/Where do you come from ?2.Do you like your hometown?3.What’s your favorite part of your hometown?4.Is there anything interesting in your hometown?5.Did your friends also grow up in the same place as you?6.Would you like to live in your hometown in the future?House and apartment:1.Do you live in a house or an apartment? /Where do you live now? And how long have you been there?2.What's your favorite room in your house/apartment?3.What do you usually do in your house/flat/room?4.Do you plan to move?5.Would you like to move to another place to live?Entertainment:1.What do you do in your spare time?2.How do you usually spend your evenings？3.What do you do for entertainment?4.Did you like drawing when you were a child？5.What did you do for entertainment when you were a child?6. Have you recently been to any place for entertainment?Music1.What’s your favorite kind/sort/type of music?2.Did you often listen to music when you were a child?3.Have you ever been to a musical performance?4. Have you ever learned to play a musical instrument?5. Is music an important subject at school in China?TV programmes1. Do you like watching TV?2. What types of TV programs do you like to watch?3. What TV programmes are popular in your country ?4. What types of TV programmes will be getting popular in the future ?5. How have TV programmes changed in the last decade ?Buildings:1. What kind of building are you living in now?2. How have buildings changed in the past years?3. How do people feel about old buildings in china?4. What kinds of buildings are popular in China now?5. Do old people and young people in China have the same attitudes towards old building?6. Is it important to preserve old buildings?Sports:1.Do you like any sports/What’s your favorite sport ?2.Did you play any sports at school?3.Is there any sport that you have never played that you would like to try?4.What are the most popular sports in your country?5.Why some people hardly do sports?Mobile phones:1.Do you have a mobile phone?2.When did you first have a mobile phone?3.Do you prefer to talk on phone or text message ?4.Have you ever had any problems using your mobile phone while traveling?5.How have mobile phones changes in the last few years?6.How do you think mobile phones will develop in the future?Writing /Emails and letters:1.Do you often write emails?2.On what occasions do you write letters?3.How did you learn to write?4.Do you prefer to write letters or emails to your friends ?5.What are the differences between sending emails and writing letters?6.Do you write sometimes?7.Do you have a plan to write a book in the future?8.Do you think handwriting is very important (nowadays)?9. How can children today improve (or, practice) their handwriting?Computers:1.What was you impression when you used a computer the first time?2.Have computers changed your life in any way?3.When did you first start using the internet?4.Do you play any computer games?5.Is the internet very important to you?6.Do you think you can live without the internet?7.Do you think information on the internet is very reliable?Public transport:1.What form of transport do you usually use?/How often do you use public transport?2.Is the transportation very crowded in your city?3.Do you sometimes travel with a boat?4.Would you like to spend a holiday on boat?5.Do people in your city often travel by boat?6.Do you think the price of public transport is low in your city?Advertisement:1.What are the various places where we see advertisements?2.Why do you think there are many advertisements now?3.What kinds of advertisement do you like the most?4.Do you like advertisements on TV?5.Do you prefer advertisements on TV or those in magazine?6.Have you ever bought anything because of an advertisement?Clothes and fashion:1.Are you interested in fashion and clothes?2.How often do you buy clothes online?3.How often do you go shopping for clothes?4.What kinds of clothes do you usually wear?Patience:1．Are you a patient person?/Are people in your city patient? 2．When do people need to be patient?3．Is it important to be patient? Why?4．Is it easy to be patient? Why?5．How can people be patient?6．What do you do when waiting for the bus or something else? Busy life:1.Have you been busy recently?2.Are people now getting busier ? And why?3.Do you want your future life to be busy or not ?4.If you have more free time, what will you do?5.How do you handle stress?Sleeping:1.How many hours do you sleep every day?2.Is it necessary to take a nap every day?3.Do old people sleep a lot? Why?4.Do you think the old need more sleeping/need to sleep longer? Walking1.Do you like walking? Where do you walk?2.Did you like walking when you were a child ?3.Will you prefer to use some form of transportation?4.What do you think are the benefits of walking?Photographs/Photographing1．Do you like taking photos/photographing ?2．What do you usually take photographs of, the views or the people? 3．Do you like cameras?4．Do you have a photo album ?5．How do you think you will you keep(save) your photos?6．Do you think it's important to preserve memories?Drawing(or painting)1.Have you ever learned to draw?2.Do you like drawing? How often do you draw something?3.What kind of pictures do you like to draw?4.Do you think it's important for children to learn to draw?5.What are the benefits of drawing for adults?News1．Are you very interested in the news?2．What sort of news are you most interested in?3．Do you ever get your news from the internet?4．Do you prefer to read news through the internet or on the newspapers?5．How important do you think the news reading is?6．Would you say the news affects your life a lot?Cooking/housework1.Do you know how to make(prepare ) a meal?2.Who usually cooks in your family?3.Have you ever thought about learning how to cook?4.How did you learn to cook?/Who taught you how to cook?/When did you learn cooking?5.Do you think everyone should learn how to cook?6.Do you often do housework?7.Which type of housework don't you like/you hardly do?8.Should children do more housework?Gifts1．Do you often give gifts to people?2．What was the last gift you received recently?3．What was the last gift you gave to someone?4．Have you ever sent someone a gift you made yourself?5．Do you think gift-giving is very important?6．Do people in China like to give gifts(to other people)?Parks1.Do you often go to parks ?2.What kinds of parks are popular in your country ?3.What are the differences between the parks in foreign countries and the ones in your country ? Trees1.Do you likes trees ? And why ?2.Did you like climbing trees where you were a child ?3.Do you think people like to go the places where there are many trees ?4.Is forest protection important ? And How to protect forest ?Concentration/study:1.What do you usually concentrate on and when ?2.Whether it is easy for you to keep your concentration on something or not?3.When is the best time you study well ?Dancing1.Do you dance? When was the last time you danced?2.Why do people like dancing?3.What do you feel when you watch dancing programs on TV?4.Is it important to learn how to dance?5.What types of dancing are most popular in your country?Relatives1.Do you have many relatives?2.When you were a child, did you visit relatives quite often? How about now ?3.Who do you feel is now the most important member of your family?Birthday1.Do you celebrate your birthday and how ?2.Do people in China celebrate birthday?3.How do Chinese people celebrate birthdays?4.Who do you like to celebrate your birthday with?5.Do all your friends know when your birthday is?6.Do children and adults celebrate birthdays the same way?Friends1.What do you often do with your friends in your leisure time?2.Is friendship important to you?3.Do you prefer to spend time with friends or spend time alone?4.What kind of people do you like to have as friends?Time Management/Plan1.How do you organize your time?2.Do you think young people and older people organize their time in the same way?3.How do you manage your time?4. Do you make plans in everyday life ?5. Why do you think some people never/hardly make plans?6. Is it important to make plans in everyday life?Bags1.What types of bags do you use?2.Do you usually carry a bag when you go out?3.What sorts of bags do women like to buy?4.Do you have different bags for special occasions?Countryside1.Do you go to the countryside?2.What kind of houses are there in the countryside? What is the usual style and why there are so many houses of this style?3.What are the differences between living in the countryside and living in the city center?4.How has the countryside changed in the last decade?Daily routine1.What time of the day do you like best? What’ the best part of the day for you? What time in a day can you work more effectively?2.When do you do most of your study?3.Would you like to change your daily routine (in any way)?4.How much time do you think people should spend working per week?Traveling1.Do you like traveling ? Where do you like to go when you go traveling?2.Have you ever traveled for a long time? = Have you (ever) been on any long trips?Do you like long trips?3.How do you feel when you travel?4.Do you prefer to travel alone or with other people?5.Where (which country or place) would you like to travel to (in the future)?Place/Museum1.What kinds of museums are popular in China?2.What can people learn from these places?3.Do you think that people should be charged when they go to museums?4.How can a museum attract people?Keep healthy/food1.Do you think you are leading a healthy lifestyle ?2.How do you understand a healthy lifestyle?3.What kind of food is healthy? What is junk food?4.How can people improve their health in China? How can school/parents help children stay healthy?5.Do you work out/exercise regularly? How about most people old and young in China?6.How can employers/government encourage people to live healthily?Part1 课堂必须掌握话题1. Are you a student or do you work ?2. Why did you choose your major?3. What might be your future major?4. What was your favorite major in senior school?5. Which subject didn’t you like in senior school?6. Did you enjoy your school life7. Do you like your city you’re living in now?8. Is there anything interesting in your city?9. Is there anything you really don’t like in your city ?10. Do you like the living place you’re living in now ?11. Do you think that your living place is a good place for children?12. Do you live in an apartment or a house ?13. What’s your favorite room ?14. Do you prefer to live in a house or an apartment?15. Do you have a plan to move to a new house or an apartment? Part 1 高频喜好类较难题。
雅思写作核心句型梳理
雅思写作核心句型梳理雅思写作核心句型梳理 (1)四个重要的句法概念 (1)英语的核心句型有哪些？ (3)如何提升词法和句法？ (3)词法问题 (3)标点符号问题：连词和连接词要区分清楚。
(4)并列成分及并列句 (5)定语从句 (6)2.解释常用句式(这就意味着... ...)：主句, which means that+从句. (6)3.非限制性定语从句用以指代前文的一件事情，引出一种结果。
(7)原因状语从句 (7)结果状语从句 (8)条件状语从句 (8)名词性从句 (8)主语从句（主语变成一个从句） (8)宾语从句（放在谓语后面，宾语变成一个从句） (8)同位语从句（主句有一个抽象名词，后面that 从句解释这个抽象名词的内容） (9)非谓语动词----Ving（主动；并且表示和主句的动作同时发生或者几乎同时发生，起伴随作用） (9)表达因果关系的句型：句子，thus+Ving (10)简单句的句型与从句的综合运用1 (11)如何在写作中结合语法知识增加句子内容和长度？ (11)加限定条件----加状语：时间/地点/方法/目的 (11)加限定条件-----非限制性定语从句；状语从句等 (12)句型综合运用2 (12)雅思写作怎样提分？ (13)四个重要的句法概念非谓语动词的基本形式（使用的方法：在没有连词的情况下，再出现一个动词时，选择使用非谓语动词）①doing 主动；和主句的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；伴随的作用②to do 主动；目的；将来③done 被动；表示动作已完成谓语动词（先保证有谓语动词，才能构成一个基本的简单句主语+谓语+其他非谓语动词（在没有连词的情况下，再出现一个动词时，选择使用非谓语动词）成分）主动被动主动be doingbe beingdone正在被做doingbeing donewill dowill be doneTo doto be doneDobe doneN/Adone1. 动词不定式to do （主动：表示目的，表示将来）Help sb to do sth/allow sb to do sth/advise sb to do sth etc.2. 分词：现在分词doing;（主动：和主句的动作同时发生，或者几乎同时发生）例1：站在那里的女孩是我的好朋友：The girl who is standing over there is my good friend.=The girl standing over there is my good friend例2：（小作文静态图的使用）：过度放牧(over-grazing)是土地退化(land degradation)的主要原因，占据了35%.Over-grazing is the main reason for land degradation, constituting 35%.=Over-grazing is the main reason for land degradation, which constituted 35%.例3：（小作文动态图的使用）通过陆路所运输的货运量始终是最大的，从1974 年的70 百万吨上升到2002 的100 百万吨以下。
雅思语法知识点总结
雅思语法知识点总结在雅思考试中，语法是评估考生英语能力的重要方面。
了解和掌握一些常见的语法知识点可以帮助考生在写作和口语表达中更加准确和流利。
以下是一些常见的雅思语法知识点总结：1. 时态：掌握各种时态的使用是非常关键的。
一般过去时用于过去的动作或状态，现在完成时用于过去发生的与现在有关的动作或状态，而将来时则用于表示未来的动作或状态。
2. 句型：句子结构的正确使用也是非常重要的。
例如，使用主谓宾结构可以简洁地表达思想，使用从句或短语从句可以提供更多的信息。
此外，平行结构也是需要注意的，它使得句子更加平衡和易读。
3. 句子连词：使用适当的连词可以在句子和段落之间提供逻辑关系，增强文章的连贯性。
例如，使用and表示并列，使用but表示转折，使用because表示原因等。
4. 名词：名词是英语句子中的基本组成部分之一。
了解名词单复数、所有格的形式和用法将有助于避免在写作中出现常见的名词错误。
例如，及物动词后面应该使用宾格代词形式，名词的复数形式应该加上s或es等。
5. 代词：代词用于替代名词，可以使句子更加紧凑和准确。
但是，在使用代词时需要注意其指代的清晰性，避免产生歧义。
此外，还要注意代词的人称和数的一致性。
6. 介词：介词是表达时间、地点、方式等意义的重要词类。
正确使用介词可以使句子更加清晰和准确。
一些常见的介词包括in、on、at、for、with等。
7. 形容词和副词：形容词用于描述名词，副词用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形式以及其正确的位置和用法将有助于提升句子的表达能力。
8. 否定和疑问句：了解和使用否定句和疑问句的正确形式对于雅思考试至关重要。
对于否定句，常使用not来否定谓语动词；对于疑问句，一般将助动词或情态动词提到句首。
以上是一些常见的雅思语法知识点总结。
通过熟练掌握这些知识点，并在练习和实践中加以应用，考生可以提高自己的语法水平，更好地应对雅思考试。
雅思法宝之雅思阅读必须掌握的语法知识
雅思阅读必须掌握的语法知识.并列平行结构Co-ordination Constructions“并列平行结构”是一个比较笼统的提法。
事实上，在一个较长的英语句子中，并列平行的部分可能是几个句子，也可能是几个并列的短语成分。
但是，其构成规律都可用以下句型来表示：句型I. A;B ( 其中A和B代表两个并列分句，或是两个并列的短语)句型II A，whereas/while B(其中A和B代表两个并列分句，或是两个并列的短语，where as/ while 为联结词)句型III A（，）and /or B(其中Ａ和Ｂ代表两个并列分句，或是两个并列的短语；逗号有时可以没有，在肯定句中，多用ａｎｄ来连接，而在否定句中，多用or来连接)句型IV Ａ，Ｂ，．．．．and/orＸ（其中A和B代表多个并列分句，或是多个并列短语；在肯定句中，常用and连接，而在否定句中，常用or来连接）Insurance is compulsory and costly and parking both on and off campus can be problem requiring additional expense.译文保险是必需的而且费用很高；在校园内外停车可能是个问题，会要求额外的费用。
Geologists believe that the warning signs for a major earthquake may include sudden fluctuations in local seismicain across a fault zone, and activity, tilting and other deformations of the Earth’s crust, changes in the measured str variations in the electrical properties of underground rocks.分析Step 1从前往后阅读该句时，不难看出此句是由Geologists believe that + 宾语从句构成的主干结构，而且宾语从. 现在的关键是句的主语，谓语部分也很清楚，即：the warning signs for a major earthquake may include……把include 后面的宾语部分弄清楚。
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-+懒惰是很奇怪的东西，它使你以为那是安逸，是休息，是福气；但实际上它所给你的是无聊，是倦怠，是消沉;它剥夺你对前途的希望，割断你和别人之间的友情，使你心胸日渐狭窄，对人生也越来越怀疑。
—罗兰新东方ielts笔记汇总一．雅思考试介绍听力：听力教材、英语中级听力阅读：整理难句笔记本——摘抄分析写作：图表作文——柱状图、饼状图、曲线图、表格——上面有百分比、数据、固定的时间段，善于从现象中发现规律，趋势，提炼，升华，得出结论——科研能力口语：1. 自信：不要太介意语音语调，语法，允许犯错误，关注内容，体态语言，2. 小心陷阱。
要时刻注意沟通，符合生活逻辑。
不要忘记提问卡上的问题逻辑顺序。
3. 3.争取主动。
4. 4.有备而来。
在很大程度上可以预测。
二：写作总的指导5堂课：1. 总的知道2. 写作流程，问题极其对策（审题）——重点第二篇3. 审题，指令，展开。
4. 书信作文。
5. 图表作文。
本身内容和语言。
最后总的串讲。
范文作用：吸取语言的营养，不能机械背诵。
三：写作总论1．用书面语言2．题目中有单词不认识：它可能是不重要的，或联系上下文可以知道意思，实在看不明白就抓住看得懂的部分做文章。
3．时间概念很重要。
重点在第二篇。
先写第二篇（写对位置）。
4．字数：第一篇至少140字（10到12句话）。
第二篇至少250字（15到18句话）。
5．四大原则：1.图表作文重点在描述，不要随意解释，根据文字可以复原图表。
2.要让考官觉得你的思路非常清晰，要有“路标行标”，承上启下的短语结构词。
3.中心论点由几个分支论点支持。
并提供证据。
4.7分必须有复杂句子结构（并列句、复合句、非谓语动词形式）；用词面宽一点，尽量不要多次重复。
第一篇用3个复杂结构，第二篇用5—7，个复杂结构。
四：作业21页task 5version C (多少个字，多少句话，每一段由几句话组成，找语法错误，评论结构布局)74页task 2严格按照40分钟写。
针对十个问题的思考1．情感分段和逻辑分段首先晾出观点，罩住一个自然段，2．文章中心思想句是读者体会（中文）还是作者交代（英文）——第一段就说3．3．引言段（开头第一段）是开门见山（英文）还是层层剥开（中文）议论文不可以太长，第一段只能3——5句话4．段落主题句有（英文）没有（中文）不要把每个主题句分散在不同处，在第一句写5．线性段落（英文）还是螺旋性段落（中文）说出来——为什么这样说6．人证（中文）与法证（英文）强调事实、数据、普通人事件、该领域专家7．一般具体（英文）还是曲折前进（中文）8．段内连贯：过渡词语（英语）还是词义重复（中文）英语：形式语言中文：意合语言for, obviously, turn out, as a result, and, in the end 英语靠过渡词的衔接、词汇的纽带、语法的照应9．段落之间的连贯：形和义10．结尾部分是概括（英文）还是训导（中文）新东方雅思阅读笔记Summary做法I．确定summary的首末句在原文中的位置; 根据题目要求; 根据首末句来判断II．分析每个空格的可能语法属性III．根据空格前后的相关信息回原文锁定答案1. Summary中的以下成分不会改变：A. 专有名词B. 时间状语、时间C. 地点D. 人名E. 数字及百分比F. 金钱符号G. 特殊印刷体及标点符号2．如果是动词+名词，名词是空格，则回原文定位该动词3．如果是动词+介词+名词，名词是空格，则回原文先定位介词，再定动词+介词结构4．如果是动词+介词+名词+定状补或同位语a. 同3b. 空格后的成分在原文中不会改变5．名词+谓语+宾语，a. 回原文定位与空格后的谓语一致的语法结构b. 宾语一般不会改变完成句子做法I．分析需完成部分的语法结构II．分析已给出句子的中心词，分为定位中心词及句意关键词1．定位中心词a) 专有名词b) 时间及地点c) 人名、数字及百分比d) 金钱符号、特殊印刷体、特殊标点符号2．句意关键词a) 句子的主语和谓语b) 空格前的介词及助动词c) 空格前的情态动词d) 空格前的形容词e) 句子中的比较成分f) 句子中的否定及肯定成分III．回原文定位填空选项式I．类型：1．须完成部分的语法属性单一2．须完成部分的语法属性多元II．做法：1．分析每个选项的语法属性2．分析题目的语法属性3．进行选项与题目的语法归类4．如有可能回原文定位TrueFalseNot Given ()I. 做法1. 准确理解题意a) 语法主谓宾确定b) 是否有好坏、优劣、快慢判断c) 是否有only判断d) 是否有比较e) 是否有范围比较2．预设否命题（Alternative）()3．划出已给出句子的中心词回原文定位4．阅读比较5．中心词分为定位中心词及句意关键词：见前笔记II．基本概况1．是语言考试而非逻辑判断2．不涉及比喻及修辞3．不涉及文化差异4．不涉及复杂的时态与语态变化5．范围考点只有only, all及most6．IELTS中TFNG中的所有金钱符号、时间及数字都只涉及精确程度而非范围判断7．范围判断：NG：a. Time will tellb. 设问句而不做回答;a+1no less than a 相当于8．原文中有it is predicted(expected, anticipated) that题目中有real, truth, fact则答案为：False9．原文中有条件状语从句或表明条件的固定搭配If (Provided that), but for (except for)If not (Unless), but that (except that)或表明条件限制的介词短语及形容语短语题目中去除任何条件限制答案为：False10．Only原则A．原文有三个形容词：various, versatile, complete题目中部分，则答案为FalseB．原文中A+B+C，题目中只有A、B或C，则答案为FalseC．原文中A事物或A状态题目中只有A事物或A状态答案：NG11．原文中有vow, promise, swear, pledge + 动作状态题目中去除以上的限定，则答案为：NOT GIVEN ()12．原文对理论学科加以限定（领域及范围、人名、国名及时间）题目中去除以上限制，答案为：FalseMatching题：一、类型1．人名及理论2．概念及定义3．完成句子的Matching二、各种类型的题的做法1．人名及理论a．首先分析意义理论的中心词b．回原文按人名的排列顺序阅读，理论一般在固定动词后的宾语从句中段落首末的人名及理论是重要考点c．中心词对应，原文及题目的中心词对应2．概念及定义a．首先确定概念在原文中的方位概念的排列对应原文段落顺序递增b．分析每道题目的意义中心词c．回原文按照概念的顺序阅读d．中心词对应List of headings类型1．10个选项，5-6个段落，选项标在段落后面2．5-6个已给出标题，段落标号写在题目后面注意：1．阅读主标题2．任何选项在真实考试中都只有一次选项，首先将example选项划去主要做法一、首先分析选项以及已给出标题哪些选项是文章超始段落选项哪些选项是文章结尾段落选项1．起始选项a．名词+of+文章主标标concept, conception, definition, explanation, notion, core, essence, justification,what is + 文章标题b．动词+文章主标题，代表文章首段标题defy, justify ()c．形容词+名词+of+文章主标题basic, intrinsic, fundamental + factors, elements2．结尾选取项名词+of+文章主题effect, impact, consequence, generalization, conclusion3．哪些选项是文章的中间段落选项A．所有的比较选项都是中间选取项Compare, contrast, similar, match, coincide…with, contrary to, opposite to, versus, akin…to, alien…toB．金钱符号指示词Wage, income, cost, expense, expenditure, revenueC．统计数字指示词data, figure, demography, demographic, statistic, censusD．百分比指示词rate, ratio, percentage, proportion, density()E．时间指示词decide, generation, ages, long time, long term, long tradition, long process, long procedureF．分岐概念的定义及补充说明一定在中间段落二、如何阅读首末段1．阅读首末句，要关注首末句的语法成份A．主谓宾分布B．肯定与否定关态C．比较级状态D．是否定定义句型2．如果首末句是疑问句或都是描述性语句都要忽略不记，要其后的论点句作为标题选项的重要依据3．如果段落中有example或者example句型，要example前的论点句及其后的总结句4．如果段落中有人名及理论，则该理论也是标题选项的主要依据三、如何阅读整段1．要注意段落中的特殊印刷体及特殊标点符号（），“”2．要注意段落中表明转折的连词yet, but, however3．要注意段落中表明顺序的连词4．要注意段落中表明因果的固定搭配result in, result from, derive from, stem from, describe to.新东方听力笔记这是一套最新新东方听力笔记，希望有时间的朋友还是多研习一下，在方法上还是有很多提高成绩的捷径的。
概述：一．雅思听力基本情况可做任何标记。
分数段：12-18：4分19-24：5分25-30：6分31-35：7分36-38：8分39-40：9分根据难易要乘系数二．两个误区听懂核心词汇，掌握拼写。
极少考理解，多考记录信息点，所听即所得。
三．两个基本范围1．survival english （社会生活，人际交往等）2．academic english （学术类，教育类，热点话题）四．问题1．利用停顿时间抢读后面题目2．直接书写答案3．区分考试安排者声音，根据指导做题4．手眼耳并用，听看写一体五．雅思听力四大特点1. 国际口音：（英、美、澳）（英音50%，澳20%，美20%，其他10%）不利：习惯美音，不习惯英音，必须熟悉英音；有利：新口音（大西洋口音，适于中国人）；动词短语不是考试重点（掌握一般程度：第一个意思即可），去掉了很多地域性的方言。