教育学专业英语复习材料

一、My Pedagogic creed我的教育信条约翰·杜越

I believe that all education proceeds by the participation of the individual in the social consciousness of the race. This process begins unconsciously almost at birth, and is continually shaping the individual's powers, saturating his consciousness, forming his habits, training his ideas, and arousing his feelings and emotions.

我相信，一切教育都是通过个人参与人类的社会意识而进行的。这个过程几乎是在出生时就在无意识中开始了，它不断塑造个人的能力，熏染他的意识，培养他的习惯，训练他的思维，并激发他的感觉和情绪。

I believe that the school is primarily a social institution. Education being a social process, the school is simply that form of community life in which all those agencies are concentrated that will be most effective in bringing the child to share in the inherited resources of the race, and to use his own powers for social ends.

我相信，学校是一个最主要的社会机构。教育是一种社会性的过程，学校仅仅是社会生活的一种形式；在社会生活中所有的这些机构都致力于高效的让孩子们去分享传承下来的民族资源，并且使用自己的力量去实现社会目的。

I believe that this educational process has two sides - one psychological and one sociological; and that neither can be subordinated to the other or neglected without evil results following.

我认为，这个教育过程有两方面：一个是心理方面，另一个是社会方面。它们是平行并重的，哪一方面也不能偏废。否则，随之而来结果是可怕的。

In order to know what a power really is we must know what its end, use, or function is; and this we cannot know save as we conceive of the individual as active in social relationships.

我们为了知道能力究竟是什么，我们就必须知道它的目的，用途或功能是什么，而这些，是无法知道的，除非我们认为个人是在社会关系中活动的。

To prepare him for the future life means to give him command of himself; it means so to train him that he will have the full and ready use

of all his capacities; that his eye and ear and hand may be tools ready to command, that his judgment may be capable of grasping the conditions under which it has to work, and the executive forces be trained to act economically and efficiently.

准备儿童使其适应未来生活，那意思便是要使他能管理自己，要训练他能充分并随时运用他的各种能力，这些能力由他的眼、耳和手去掌控，他的判断要能抓住那些那些能帮助他作出判断的条件，他的执行力要被训练的节省而富有效率。

In sum, I believe that the individual who is to be educated is a social individual and that society is an organic union of individuals.

总之我信受教育的个人是社会人，社会是许多个人的有机结合。

Education, therefore, must begin with a psychological insight into the child's capacities, interests, and habits. It must be controlled at every point by reference to these same considerations.

因此，教育必须从心理学上探索儿童的能量，兴趣和习惯开始，它的每个方面，教育的每一个方面都必须被控制在这些考虑之中。

二、The secret of childhood童年的秘密玛利亚·蒙台梭利

In fact in every educational ideal, in all pedagogy up to our own time, the word education has been almost always synonymous with the word punishment. The end was always to subject the child to the adult, who substituted himself for nature, and set his reasoning and his will in the place of the laws of life.