基因工程的利与弊
浅谈基因工程利与弊
基因工程安全性问题一食品安全今天公众对转基因生物之所以存在戒心，很重要一点就是担心转基因生物，尤其是转基因农作物或由它们加工成的食品会给人类身体健康带来损害。
1、抗性选择标记基因可能编码出对人体有直接毒性的蛋白质，或者编码出的蛋白质所具有的催化功能对宿主的代谢具潜在毒性作用，并出现滞后效应或长期效应。
2、转基因植物可能会表达出过敏蛋白；有的基因表达出的蛋白质与已知的过敏蛋白质在免疫学上具有同源性；有的基因表达的蛋白质家族中的某些成员是过敏蛋白，它们都有可能是过敏体质的人产生过敏反应。
3、转基因农作物表达出的某些蛋白质，可能会潜移默化的影响人的免疫系统，从而对人体健康造成隐性的损伤。
4、改变农作物品质的基因及其表达产物，可能会改变宿主体内的代谢途径，从而改变转基因食品的营养成分。
5、将动物蛋白质基因转入农作物中，是否会侵犯素食者或宗教信仰者的权益？把人的某些基因转入农作物或牛、羊等家畜体内，结果在农作物或家畜的肉、耐中含有人的某些蛋白质，这样做是否违反了人类伦理道德？二．生物安全生物安全是指现代生物技术研究、开发、应用，以及转基因生物跨国转移，可能对生物多样性、生态环境和人体健康产生潜在不利影响。
特别是各类转基因生物活体释放到环境中，可能会对生物多样性构成潜在的风险和危险。
1、科学家赋予了转基因生物某些全新的性状，增强了它们与其他生物的生存竞争能力，它可能会使本地区本来生活力就很纤弱的个体或物种加速从地球上消失。
即转基因生物可能会成为某一地区新的优势种，成为“入侵生物”。
2、载体介导的外源基因可能发生横向转移，重组出新的菌株或病毒。
3、具有抗虫功能的转基因植物，其体内产生的抗虫蛋白可能使害虫产生抗性，使害虫变得更加难以防治？现在也已发现具有抗病毒功能的转基因植物，可以使相应的病毒出现抗性。
4、转基因植物可能会变成野生种类，或者它侵入新的生态区域，破坏了生态平衡后而成为杂草。
5、抗除草剂基因等可能会通过花粉传播或近缘杂交进入到杂草或半驯化植物中，结果产生出超级杂草。
基因工程技术的利与弊
基因工程技术的利与弊
基因工程是一种利用先进技术改变生物基因组的方法，其应用涵盖了医学、农业、工
业等各个领域。
然而，随着应用范围不断扩大，基因工程的利与弊也逐渐显现。
本文将从
以下几个方面探讨基因工程技术的利与弊。
一、利：
1.治疗疾病：基因工程技术可以研发新药，治疗目前难以治愈的疾病，如癌症、血友病、帕金森病等。
此外，该技术还对保健品、饮料等产品的研发造成积极影响。
2.提高粮食产量：基因工程能够提高植物的抗病性、耐旱性、耐低温性等，从而提高
粮食产量，对解决全球粮食安全问题起到积极作用。
3.环保：基因工程技术可以生产更环保的燃料和材料，减少化石燃料及原材料的使用，同时能够减缓地球恶化的速度。
4.创新产业：基因工程技术是一种新的科技产业，可以创造就业机会，并为社会带来
经济效益。
二、弊：
1.生态破坏风险：基因工程技术可能会对生态系统造成不良影响，包括对有机体的生
物多样性和生态平衡、对野生动物的遗传多样性、对畜禽养繁业的压制等。
2.食品安全隐患：由于基因工程技术能够改变食品的基因，同时也可能造成对人体的
危害，例如可能会导致免疫异常、增加变异性等。
3.道德问题：利用基因工程技术进行人类基因改变或克隆，可能会违反道德操守，影
响社会道德和伦理观念。
4.技术失控问题：基因工程技术的应用需要严格的监管和指导，如果措手不及，技术
失控的风险将是无法逆转的。
基因工程技术既有利又有弊，虽然利大于弊，但人类社会在应用该技术时，必须严格
遵守相应的技术规范，避免产生不可挽回的后果，力求在发挥最大利益的同时，防范技术
失控的风险。
有关基因工程的利与弊的英语作文
有关基因工程的利与弊的英语作文Advantages and Disadvantages of Genetic EngineeringGenetic engineering, also known as genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is a process through which scientists manipulate the genetic material of an organism by introducing, removing, or altering specific genes. This technology has the potential to revolutionize fields such as medicine, agriculture, and environmental conservation. However, it also raises ethical concerns and potential risks. In this essay, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering.Advantages:1. Disease prevention and treatment: One of the greatest benefits of genetic engineering is its potential to prevent and treat genetic disorders. By altering the genetic makeup of an organism, scientists can correct genetic mutations that cause diseases such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Huntington's disease. This technology also holds promise for the development of new therapies for cancer, diabetes, and other chronic conditions.2. Increased crop yields: Genetic engineering has enabled the development of genetically modified (GM) crops that aremore resistant to pests, diseases, and adverse environmental conditions. These crops can produce higher yields and require less water and pesticides, resulting in increased food production and improved food security.3. Environmental conservation: Genetic engineering can help reduce the environmental impact of agriculture by producing crops that are more resilient to climate change, require fewer resources, and generate less waste. For example, GM crops that are resistant to herbicides can reduce the need for chemical weed killers, which can harm the environment and human health.4. Drug production: Genetic engineering has revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry by enabling the production of proteins, hormones, and other drugs in genetically modified organisms such as bacteria, yeast, and plants. This technology has made the production of medicines more efficient,cost-effective, and sustainable.Disadvantages:1. Ethical concerns: Genetic engineering raises ethical questions about the manipulation of living organisms and their genetic material. Critics argue that altering the genetic makeup of organisms could lead to unintended consequences, such as the creation of new diseases, the disruption of ecosystems, andthe loss of biodiversity. There are also concerns about the potential misuse of this technology for unethical purposes, such as human cloning or the creation of designer babies.2. Health risks: There is still much uncertainty about the long-term health effects of genetically modified organisms on humans and animals. Some studies have raised concerns about the potential allergenicity, toxicity, and antibiotic resistance of GM foods. Critics argue that genetically modified crops could pose risks to human health and the environment, especially if they are not properly regulated and monitored.3. Environmental risks: Genetic engineering has the potential to have unintended environmental consequences, such as the transfer of modified genes to wild populations, the emergence of superweeds and superbugs, and the loss of biodiversity. Critics argue that GM crops could disrupt ecosystems, harm wildlife, and reduce the resilience of natural systems to climate change and other threats.4. Socioeconomic concerns: Genetic engineering could exacerbate existing social and economic inequalities by increasing the power and control of large agribusiness companies over the food supply. Critics argue that GM crops could displace small farmers, harm rural communities, andconcentrate wealth and resources in the hands of a few multinational corporations.In conclusion, genetic engineering offers both opportunities and challenges for society. While this technology has the potential to improve human health, food security, environmental sustainability, and drug production, it also raises ethical, health, environmental, and socioeconomic concerns that must be carefully considered and addressed. It is essential for policymakers, scientists, ethicists, and the public to engage in a thoughtful and informed dialogue about the benefits and risks of genetic engineering to ensure that it is used in a responsible and sustainable manner.。
基因工程的利与弊英语作文120-180字
基因工程的利与弊英语作文120-180字全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Genetic Engineering: The Good and the BadGenetic engineering is a really cool science that lets us change the genes of living things like plants and animals. It's kind of like editing the instruction manual that tells cells how to grow and develop. But just like with anything else, genetic engineering has some good points and some bad points.One awesome thing about genetic engineering is that we can use it to grow better crops. By tweaking the genes of plants, scientists can make them grow bigger, taste better, and even survive harsh conditions like drought or cold weather. This could help feed more people around the world and solve problems like hunger.Genetic engineering can also help create medicines and cures for diseases. By studying the genes that cause illnesses, scientists might be able to find ways to fix those genes or develop new treatments. Isn't that amazing? Genetic engineering could save lots of lives!But wait, there's more! With genetic engineering, we might even be able to bring back animals that have gone extinct, like woolly mammoths or dodos. How crazy is that? It would be like living in Jurassic Park! Although, having dinosaurs roaming around might not be such a great idea...Of course, genetic engineering isn't all sunshine and rainbows. Some people worry that messing with genes could have unintended consequences that we can't predict. What if a genetically modified crop cross-pollinates with regular plants and causes unexpected changes in the environment? That could be really bad news.There are also concerns about using genetic engineering to create "designer babies" with specific traits like intelligence or athletic ability. That might not be fair to other babies who aren't genetically modified. Plus, it could lead to discrimination against people who are "natural-born."So, as you can see, genetic engineering is a powerful tool that can do a lot of good things, but it also has some risks and ethical concerns. Like with most things in life, we need to be careful and think about the potential consequences before we go too far. But if we use genetic engineering responsibly andethically, it could help make the world a better place for everyone.篇2The Pros and Cons of Genetic EngineeringGenetic engineering is a really cool science that lets us change the genes inside living things like plants and animals. It's kind of like editing the instruction manual for how that living thing grows and develops.One awesome thing about genetic engineering is that we can use it to make crops grow bigger and healthier. We can make them resistant to diseases and bugs that usually hurt them. This means farmers can grow more food for everyone to eat. Isn't that neat?Another great use of genetic engineering is in medicine. We can modify bacteria and viruses to act as tiny doctors that can treat diseases by delivering medicine right where it's needed in our bodies. How cool is that?However, there are some downsides too. Some people worry that genetically modified foods might be unsafe to eat and could make us sick. There are also concerns that genetic engineeringcould accidentally create new diseases or mess up the environment in ways we didn't expect.Overall, genetic engineering is a powerful tool that can do a lot of good if used carefully. But we have to be really responsible and think about the risks too. It's important to study it closely so we can take advantage of the benefits while avoiding any dangers. What do you think? Would you want to be a genetic engineer when you grow up?篇3Genetic Engineering: The Good and the BadYou know how your mom and dad gave you your blue eyes or brown hair? That's because of these tiny things called genes. Genes are like a recipe book that tells your body how to grow and develop. Cool, right?Well, scientists have figured out ways to change those recipes by editing genes. This is called genetic engineering. It lets them create plants, animals, and even humans with special traits or no diseases. Awesome!But some people think playing with genes is not a good idea. They say it's risky and unnatural. We need to look at the good stuff and the bad stuff about genetic engineering.The Good ThingsGenetic engineering can help make life better in many ways:Stronger PlantsScientists can modify plants to grow bigger, taste yummier, and survive hot/cold weather or droughts. This means we can grow more food to feed everyone.Heal the SickThey can edit genes to fix diseases like cancer, diabetes, and cystic fibrosis. Isn't it amazing to think we could get rid of nasty illnesses?Super Crops & AnimalsGenetic tweaks make crops resist bugs, so farmers don't need to spray as much bug spray. And they can create cows that give more milk or woolly sheep.Create LifeOne day, we might be able to use genetic engineering to bring back extinct animals like woolly mammoths or create entirely new species. Mind-blowing!The Bad ThingsWhile genetic engineering sounds super cool, there are some downsides too:Unpredictable EffectsWhen we mess with genes, we can't always control what happens. There could be unintended effects that cause harm to humans, animals or the environment.Unfair AdvantagesIf genetic enhancements become available, only rich people might be able to afford them. This could create humans who are stronger, smarter and better than others. Not fair!Genetic DiversityBy modifying genes, we could accidentally reduce the variety of genes. This diversity protects species from diseases.Ethics DebateMany people think it's unethical and unnatural to modify genes. It's "playing God" with life. Religious groups and environmentalists strongly disagree with it.So, those are some of the good points and bad points about genetic engineering. It's a super complex issue with no easy answers. What do you think - should we keep tweaking genes or is it too risky? I don't know about you, but my brain hurts from thinking about it so much!篇4Genetic Engineering: The Good and the BadGenetic engineering is a way for scientists to change the genes of plants, animals, and even humans! Genes are like tiny instruction books that tell living things how to grow and develop. By changing these instruction books, we can make organisms different than how nature intended.The good thing about genetic engineering is that it can help create better foods. Scientists can make crops grow bigger and healthier. They can also make fruits and veggies more nutritious! Genetic engineering might one day cure diseases by fixing the bad genes that cause sicknesses.However, genetic engineering can also be scary. We don't fully understand how changing genes could affect the environment and human health. Some people worry that genetically modified foods might be unsafe to eat. There are ethical concerns too – is it right to alter the blueprint of life?Genetic engineering is a powerful tool. When used responsibly, it could improve our lives greatly. But we must be very careful, because getting it wrong could lead to unintended consequences. What do you think about this amazing but controversial science?篇5The Good and Bad of Genetic EngineeringGenetic engineering is a big word that means changing the genes inside a living thing. Genes are like tiny instruction books that tell every part of the living thing how to grow and work. By tweaking the genes, scientists can try to make good changes or get rid of bad ones.The good thing about genetic engineering is that it can help make plants grow better food, like fruits and veggies with more vitamins. It might even cure diseases by fixing the broken genes that caused the sickness. Isn't that neat?But some people worry that genetic engineering could also cause problems. What if the Changed genes spread to other plants or animals and make them act weirdly? Some people don't want to eat gene-tweaked foods in case they're not safe. There's still a lot we don't know about changing genes.I think genetic engineering could do a lot of good if it's done carefully and safely. But we need to study it more before making big changes to living things. What do you think? Is genetic engineering a good idea or a bad idea?篇6The Ups and Downs of Genetic EngineeringHi there! My name is Emma, and I'm going to tell you about genetic engineering. It's a really cool science that lets us change the genes of living things like plants and animals. But just like most things, it has some good points and some bad points. Let me explain!The good things about genetic engineering are pretty awesome. Scientists can use it to make crops grow bigger and healthier, so we have more food for everyone. They can also make fruits and veggies taste better and last longer before going bad. How neat is that? Genetic engineering can also help createmedicine to treat diseases like cancer and diabetes. Imagine being able to cure sick people just by changing their genes! That would be so amazing.But genetic engineering isn't all sunshine and rainbows. Some people worry that messing with genes could have unexpected consequences that we don't know about yet. What if a genetically modified food makes people sick? Or what if a genetically engineered animal gets loose in the wild and causes problems for other living things? There are also concerns that big companies might use genetic engineering to control the food supply and make lots of money, which isn't fair.Those are some of the main pros and cons of genetic engineering. Personally, I think the benefits are really exciting, but we need to be careful and do lots of testing to make sure it's safe. What do you think? Let me know if you have any other questions!。
基因工程的利与弊
基因工程的利与弊基因工程的原理:基因工程又称基因拼接技术和DNA重组技术，是以分子遗传学为理论基础，以分子生物学和微生物学的现代方法为手段，将不同来源的基因按预先设计的蓝图，在体外构建杂种DNA分子，然后导入活细胞，以改变生物原有的遗传特性、获得新品种、生产新产品。
操作方法是:将外源基因通过体外重组后导入受体细胞内，使这个基因能在受体细胞内复制、转录、翻译表达的操作。
它是用人为的方法将所需要的某一供体生物的遗传物质——DNA大分子提取出来，在离体条件下用适当的工具酶进行切割后，把它与作为载体的DNA 分子连接起来，然后与载体一起导入某一更易生长、繁殖的受体细胞中，以让外源物质在其中“安家落户”，进行正常的复制和表达，从而获得新物种的一种崭新技术。
它克服了远缘杂交的不亲和障碍。
例如:将大鼠的生长激素基因导入小鼠受精卵.首先在大鼠的体细胞中提取染色体,分离目标基因.用限制性核酸内切酶处理载体,再将载体与基因片段连接(这里用到DNA连接酶)。
通过显微注射的方法将这些重组基因注入小鼠的受精卵内,最后让这些受精卵生长发育。
结果小鼠生出几只带有大鼠生长激素基因的小鼠，这些小鼠的生长速度非常快，其个体是同窝其他小鼠的1.8倍，成为“巨型小鼠”。
基因工程中的载体常选取大肠杆菌的环状DNA，用到的工具酶有限制性内切酶、DNA 连接酶，其次还得用到DNA聚合酶。
限制性核酸内切酶，用来切割目的基因和载体，主要是2型酶；DNA连接酶，用来连接目的基因和载体，有两类，连接平末端的和粘性末端的，若末端不相同连不起来的话，还得用DNA聚合酶来加片段，如加CCC-和GGG-，再用连接平末端的连接酶来连接。
将目的基因导入受体细胞的方法有：植物常用的是农杆菌转化法、基因枪法和花粉管通道法。
农杆菌是普遍存在于土壤中的一种革兰氏阴性细菌，它能在自然条件下趋化性地感染大多数双子叶植物和裸子植物的受伤部位。
农杆菌通过侵染植物伤口进入细胞后，可将T-DNA插入到植物基因组中，并且可以通过减数分裂稳定的遗传给后代。
基因工程利弊演讲稿范文
大家好！今天，我演讲的题目是《基因工程的利弊》。
随着科技的飞速发展，基因工程已经成为一个备受关注的热点话题。
基因工程作为一项前沿的科学技术，既给人类带来了巨大的利益，也存在一定的弊端。
下面，我将从基因工程的利与弊两个方面进行阐述。
一、基因工程的利1. 医疗领域的突破基因工程在医疗领域的应用为人类带来了前所未有的福音。
通过基因编辑技术，我们可以治疗遗传性疾病，如囊性纤维化、血友病等。
此外，基因工程在癌症治疗、器官移植、基因检测等方面也取得了显著成果。
2. 农业生产的革新基因工程在农业领域的应用使农作物产量、品质和抗病性得到了显著提高。
转基因技术在培育抗虫、抗病、抗逆性强的农作物方面发挥了重要作用，有助于保障粮食安全。
3. 生物制药的发展基因工程为生物制药提供了强有力的技术支持。
通过基因工程技术，我们可以生产出更多疗效好、副作用小的生物药物，为人类健康事业做出贡献。
4. 环境保护的贡献基因工程在环境保护方面也发挥着积极作用。
例如，利用基因工程技术培育出的抗污染植物可以吸收土壤中的重金属，净化环境。
二、基因工程的弊1. 遗传安全风险基因工程可能导致基因污染，影响生物多样性。
此外，转基因生物可能对人类健康产生潜在风险，如过敏反应、致癌等。
2. 食品安全争议转基因食品的安全性一直是公众关注的焦点。
目前，关于转基因食品对人类健康的影响尚无定论，部分消费者对此持有担忧态度。
3. 伦理道德问题基因工程在应用过程中引发了一系列伦理道德问题。
例如，基因编辑技术可能被用于非医学目的，如制造“设计婴儿”等。
4. 知识产权纠纷基因工程技术的研发和应用涉及到大量的知识产权问题。
在基因工程领域，如何平衡创新与知识产权保护成为一大难题。
总之，基因工程作为一项高科技，既具有巨大的利益，也存在一定的弊端。
在享受基因工程带来的便利的同时，我们应关注其潜在风险，加强对基因工程的研究与监管，确保人类社会的可持续发展。
谢谢大家！。
基因工程利弊说
基因工程利弊说基因工程是生命科学前沿的重要领域之一。
基因工程，是指将生物体内控制特定性状的基因作为外源基因，按照人类的意愿在体外进行加工操作后，再引入受体生物，使其在受体生物体内稳定存在并表达，从而生产出人们所期望得到的产物或者达到某种目的的过程。
基因工程中应用最广泛的技术就是转基因技术，它可以克服物种之间的遗传屏障，按照人的意愿创造出自然界里原来没有的生命形态或者稀有物种，以满足人类的需求。
转基因技术作为一种新兴的生物技术，为人类解决诸多方面面临的困难带来了福音，同时也带来了很多令人类措手不及的问题。
转基因技术给人类带来的福祉一．转基因技术给农业带来的革命由于在提高生产力以及提高产品品质上的突出成绩，转基因技术已经成为正在进行的农业技术改造的最重要的组成部分之一。
抗病虫害的农作物目前已经发现了多种杀虫基因，其中应用最广的是Bt毒蛋白基因和蛋白酶抑制剂基因。
Bt毒蛋白基因来源于苏云金芽孢杆菌，将该基因转移到植物体后，植物体内能合成Bt毒蛋白，被害虫吞食后可导致害虫死亡；蛋白酶抑制剂基因最早从菜豆中分离，害虫食入它的表达产物后会无法消化某些必需蛋白质从而导致死亡。
另外，动物的毒素基因以及植物凝集素基因也被应用于杀虫并且成绩斐然。
在抗病害方面，人们将病毒的外壳蛋白基因、病毒的卫星RNA基因、异种植物编码的抗病基因导入植物体内，利用它们的表达产物对付病毒的侵害；将植物抗毒素基因、几丁质酶基因等导入植物体内使植物获得抗真菌的能力等等二．转基因技术给畜牧业带来的变化利用动物生产药物利用转基因技术，人类把人的基因嵌入到哺乳类动物的受精卵中，使动物乳腺有目的的生产某些蛋白质。
例如荷兰科学家利用奶牛生产抗菌素乳铁蛋白、美国科学家实现了利用猪生产以用蛋白质人类蛋白C、法国科学家让转基因兔子生产凝血因子7和红细胞生成素等等三．转基因技术给医学带来的新思维基因治疗很多疾病是由基因异常引起的，通过纠正缺陷基因可以达到治疗目的。
基因工程的利与弊英语作文
基因工程的利与弊英语作文英文回答：Gene editing is a powerful technology that allows scientists to make precise changes to the DNA of an organism. This technology has the potential torevolutionize medicine, agriculture, and other fields. However, gene editing also raises a number of ethical and safety concerns.Pros of gene editing:Can cure diseases: Gene editing could be used to cure a wide range of genetic diseases, such as sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and Huntington's disease. By correcting the genetic defects that cause these diseases, gene editing could potentially save millions of lives.Can improve crop yields: Gene editing could be used to create crops that are more resistant to pests, diseases,and drought. This could help to increase food production and reduce hunger around the world.Can develop new therapies: Gene editing could be used to develop new therapies for a variety of diseases, such as cancer and HIV/AIDS. By targeting specific genes, gene editing could potentially kill cancer cells or prevent the virus from replicating.Cons of gene editing:Could have unintended consequences: Gene editing is a powerful technology, but it is still in its early stages of development. There is a risk that unintended consequences could occur, such as creating new genetic defects or disrupting the normal functioning of cells.Could be used for unethical purposes: Gene editing could be used for unethical purposes, such as creating designer babies or enhancing human performance. This could lead to a divide between the rich and the poor, and could undermine our sense of what it means to be human.Could be difficult to regulate: Gene editing is a rapidly developing technology, and it could be difficult to regulate its use. This could lead to the misuse of gene editing, and could pose a risk to public health and safety.Overall, gene editing is a promising technology with the potential to revolutionize medicine and other fields. However, it is important to be aware of the potential risks and ethical concerns associated with gene editing. As this technology continues to develop, it will be important to have a public dialogue about its use and to develop ethical guidelines to ensure that it is used for good.中文回答：基因工程的优点：可以治疗疾病，基因编辑可以用来治疗多种遗传疾病，如镰状细胞贫血症、囊性纤维化、亨廷顿舞蹈症。
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基因工程的利与弊生物制药0911 陆莹莹摘要:基因工程技术能够创造出原本自然界不存在的重组基因,它为医药界带来新希望，在农业上提高产量,改良作物，也可为环境污染、能源危机提供解决之道，甚至可用在犯罪案件的侦查.但它亦引起人们很大的忧虑与关切,当此科技由严谨的实验室转移至大规模医药应用或商业生产时，我们如何评估它的安全性,此项技术是否可能因为人为失控，反而危害人类健康并破坏大自然生态平衡,它又是否违背伦理道德.因此,基因工程对人类的利弊问题一直是个被争论的话题.(Genetic engineering technology can create the gene that nature does not exist , it brings new hope in medical and increased production in agriculture, also can be modified crops of environmental pollution, energy crisis, and even provide the solution that can be used in crime investigation of cases. But it also causes great worries and concerns, when this technology transfer by strict laboratory to large pharmaceutical application or commercial production, how we assess its safety, whether the technology could spiral out of control, because people instead of destroying nature is harmful to human health and ecological balance, whether it violated ethical. So for human, genetic engineering has been always the pros and cons of subject of debate.)关键词：基因工程利与弊安全性道德伦理引言:基因工程包括把来自不同生物的基因同有自主复制能力的载体DNA在体外人工连接，构成新的重组的DNA，然后送到受体生物中去表达，从而产生遗传物质和状态的转移和重新组合。
它是一项很精密的尖端生物技术。
可以把某一生物的基因转殖送入另一种细胞中，甚至可把细菌、动植物的基因互换。
当某一基因进入另一种细胞，就会改变这个细胞的某种功能。
这一技术在医药、农业等方面应用广泛，但却引发人们极大的隐忧及争论。
正文:基因工程对当今社会的发展功不可没一、基因工程是在对促进生物学的发展具有重要意义基因工程是在分子生物学、分子遗传学、微生物学、细胞工程等学科发展和研究成果的基础上诞生的，反过来也可促进现代生物学的发展。
生物界是通过长期的进化发展而来的，因而通过基因工程手段，不仅可以阐明生命发生的现象和规律，揭示重要基因功能以及重要性状形成的分子机制，还能模拟自然界生物进化历程，更进一步丰富和完善生物进化的理论，促进生物学研究的全面发展。
二、基因工程在社会各个方面广泛应用1.医药业,可生产重要药品，很大限度地降低生产成本；治疗过去人们认为难以治愈的遗传疾病和各类部分疾病，解除人类病痛烦恼，提高人体健康水平和人均寿命。
（1）基因工程用来筛检及治疗遗传疾病。
遗传疾病乃是由于父或母带有致病基因。
基因筛检法可以快速诊断出该类基因；基因治疗法则是用基因工程技术来治疗这类疾病。
产前基因筛检可以诊断胎儿是否带有某种遗传疾病，这种筛检法甚至可以诊断试管内受精的胚胎，早至只有两天，尚在八个细胞阶段。
试管胚胎就是其中的一个例子。
做法是将其中之一个细胞取出，抽取DNA，侦测其基因是否正常，再决定是否把此胚胎植入母亲的子宫发育。
胎儿性别同时也可测知。
（2）基因治疗法——遗传病人的福音目前医学界正在临床试验多种遗传病的基因治疗法。
最早采用基因治疗的是一种先天免疫缺乏症，又称气泡男孩症，患病婴幼童因为腺脱胺基因有缺陷，骨髓不能制造正常白血球发挥免疫功能，必须生活在与外界完全隔离的空气罩内。
最新的治疗法是由病人骨髓分离出白血球的干细胞，把正常的酵素基因接在经过改造不具毒性的反录病毒，藉此病毒送入白血球干细胞，再将干细胞送回病人体内，则病人可产生健康的白血球获得免疫功能。
这项临床试验，在美国的女病童证明很成功。
(3)基因工程配合生殖科技——全人类的震撼基因筛检并不改变人的遗传组成，但基因治疗则会。
科学家正努力改变遗传病人的错误基因，把好的基因送入其中以纠正错误。
因为这是在操作生命的基本问题，必须格外小心。
首先须划分医疗及非医疗的行为。
医疗行为目的在治病，非医疗者如想提高孩子的身高、智慧等。
选择胎儿性别也是非医疗行为，不能被接受，但是遇到某些性连遗传的疾病，选择胎儿的性别就是可被接受的医疗行为。
另一项须区分的，就是体细胞或生殖细胞的基因操作。
体细胞的基因操作只影响身体的体细胞，不影响后代。
但卵子、精子等生殖细胞之基因操作，会直接影响后代，目前基因工程禁止直接用在生殖细胞上。
2.基因工程同时有望解决粮食危机和温室效应之类的环境污染问题（1）转基因农业时代的到来在育种方面，它可应用于植物抗虫、抗病、抗除草剂、抗逆等抗性遗传改良以及培育高产量和高品质的动植物品种。
目前全世界正重视发展永续性农业，希望农业除了具有经济效益，还要生生不息，不破坏生态环境。
基因工程正可帮忙解决这类问题。
基因工程可以改良农粮作物的营养成分或增强抗病抗虫特性。
可以增加畜禽类的生长速率、牛羊的泌乳量、改良肉质及脂肪含量等。
由于基因工程突破了不同物种间基因难以交流这一天然障碍，所以应用基因工程，通过跨物种的基因交流实现物种的定向遗传改良或创造新物种，对自然环境及人类生活各个方面产生广泛而深刻的影响。
（2）农林渔牧的应用——生态环保目前全世界正重视发展永续性农业（sustainable agriculture），希望农业除了具有经济效益，还要生生不息，不破坏生态环境。
基因工程正可帮忙解决这类问题。
基因工程可以改良农粮作物的营养成分或增强抗病抗虫特性。
可以增加畜禽类的生长速率、牛羊的泌乳量、改良肉质及脂肪含量等。
金无足赤的基因工程每一项科学技术都有他们的利与弊。
在利用各项技术的同时我们应该衡量一下他们的弊，用最正确，对于大自然最和谐的方法去应用每一项科学技术。
目前有大部分人还不愿意吃转基因食品，但转基因食品已无处不在，我们无法预测这项技术所带来的灾难性后果，但我们清楚这种毁坏将是不可逆的。
1.安全性问题:(1)未进行较长时间的安全性试验：基因化食品改变了我们所食用食品的自然属性，它所使用的生物物质不是人类食品安全提供的部份，未进行长时间的安全试验，没有人知道这类食品是否是安全的。
1) 产生毒素：基因化食品能产生不可预见的生物突变，会在食品中产生较高水平和新的毒素。
2)过敏或变态反应：基因技术会在食品中产生不能预见的和未知的变态反应原。
3)减少食品的营养价值或降解食品中重要的成份：基因化的目的是去除或灭活人们认为不需要的物质，这些物质可能是未知的，但它是基本的。
（2）产生抗菌素耐药性细菌：基因技术采用耐抗菌素（如抗卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素、新霉素、链霉素等）基因来标识转基因化的农作物，这就意味着农作物带有耐抗菌素的基因。
这些基因通过细菌而影响我们。
（3）转基因植物对农田生态系统(Agro-ecosystem)的影响：a.增加杀虫剂的使用b.抗性的选择和转运到可兼容的其它植物中 .产生新的农田杂草基因流和杂交c.转基因植物自身变为杂草插入性状的竞争产生的问题不能进行追踪：若不进行标识，我们的公共卫生当局就无力因出现问题发现其来源，潜在性的危害值得怀疑。
(4) 对环境的影响重新组合一种在自然见尚未发现的的生物性状有可能给现有的生态环境带来不良影响。
(5) 新型病毒的出现制造带有抗生素抗性基因或有产生病毒能力的基因的新型微生物有可能在人类或其它生物体内传播。
(6)癌症扩散将肿瘤病毒或其它动物病毒的DNA引入细菌有可能扩大癌症的发生范围。
(7) 人造生物扩散新组成的重组DNA生物体的意外扩散可能会出现不同程度的潜在危险。
2.伦理道德问题人类在基因领域已经取得了巨大的进步，并通过基因工程在改变自然以服务于人的需要方面进展迅速。
但是，在很长一段时间内，人类对基因工程的哲学伦理学方面的问题重视不够。
一方面，在改造自然和征服自然的哲学观下，基因工程引发了许多生态问题，特别是极大影响了生物多样性，而生物多样性正是自然可持续发展的基础。
另一方面，基因工程引发了许多社会伦理问题。
从克隆技术到人类基因组的重大发现以来，这一问题日益突出了，而与这一进程相比，人类相应的社会伦理体系却没有建立起来。
基因伦理学就其内容看，可有两方面的内容，一方面是生态伦理学，一方面是社会伦理学。
生态伦理学对于植物基因研究工作的规范和合理约束，主要是出于生物多样性的考虑。
近些年来，植物基因的研究取得了长足进步，这些进步推动了一系列农业革命，而尤以粮食革命为重。
但是，这种以植物基因优化为基础的革命，却导致了物种多样性的破坏。
比如，它使人们食用的粮食从5000多种锐减到150多种。
与此类似的是，化肥对增产和缩短生长期起了举足轻重的作用，但也造成了土壤板结和地表破坏。
同样的情况也发生在动物基因的研究与应用中。
比如，试管牛和试管羊为人们控制生物性别提供了基础，这一技术使人类有可能实现对生物种群的控制。
对某一种群来说，雄性数量不需要很多，但雌性数量却举足轻重，根据自然法则，雄雌出生概率大致相当，因此，如何在出生中尽量增大雌性数量和减少雄性数量就十分关键。
但这样一来，势必造成种群雄雌比例的失衡，从而造成自然生态失衡。
当这种技术应用于人类时，问题更大。
前段时间关于克隆技术的讨论表明，基因的克隆技术一旦用于人类，可能带来或引起的麻烦甚至不是我们能够想象到的。
随着基因技术的发展，“天才论”、“血统论”有可能死灰复燃。
“天才论”、“血统论”的问题在哲学史上由来已久，柏拉图在《理想国》中，就曾以金银铜等为血统论的合理性做了说明，这也在很长时期内存在于人类社会的历史中，而且至今存在于不同的人种间。
但类似凡高、爱因斯坦等许多已被证明的“天才”，在基因上可能恰恰是有缺陷的。
事实上，基因技术本身也很难造成各方面能力均衡的所谓什么方面都正常的人。
【结束语】不久的将来，基因工程技术仍只限于转殖少数的基因，如此培育出来的生物仍将是我们熟悉的生物。