英语词汇与结构

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专升本《英语》词汇与语法结构

专升本《英语》词汇与语法结构

专升本《英语》词汇与语法结构以下是专升本英语词汇与语法结构的重点内容:
一、词汇:
1.同义词和反义词
2.同根词和派生词
3.合成词和短语
4.难以理解的词汇
5.常见的词组和习惯用语
6.常见的英语缩写和缩略词
二、语法结构:
1.时态和语态
-现在时态
-过去时态
-将来时态
-完成时态
-进行时态
-被动语态
2.语法句型
-倒装句
-条件句
-间接引语和直接引语
-强调句
3.从句和复合句
-名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)-定语从句
-状语从句
-表语从句
4.代词和词性
-人称代词和物主代词
-反身代词和相互代词
-指示代词和疑问代词
-不定代词和关系代词
5.形容词和副词
-基本形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
-修饰方式、程度、时间和频率的副词
-形容词和副词的转化
6.名词和数词
-可数名词和不可数名词
-单数名词和复数名词
-名词的所有格
-基数词和序数词
以上是专升本英语词汇与语法结构的主要内容,希望对你的学习有帮助。

结构常用英语专业词汇

结构常用英语专业词汇

结构专业STRUCTURE目录a. LOAD 荷载b. GROUND BASE AND FOUNDATION 地基及基础c. REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STRUCTURE 钢筋混凝土结构d. STEEL STRUCTURE 钢结构e. DESIGN FOR ANTISEISMIC 抗震设计f. GENERAL WORDS FOR DESIGN 设计常用词汇g. GENERAL WORDS FOR CONSTRUCTION 施工常用词汇正文a. Load 荷载拔力pulling force标准值standard value残余应力residual stress冲击荷载impact load, punch load残余变形residual deformation承压bearing承载能力bearing capacity承重bearing, load bearing承重结构bearing structure脆性材料brittle material脆性破坏brittle failure抵抗力resisting power, resistance吊车荷载crane load分布荷载distributed load风荷载wind load风速wind velocity, wind speed风压wind pressure风振wind vibration浮力buoyance, floatage符号symbol, mark负弯矩negative moment, hogging moment 附加荷载additional load附加应力additional stress副作用side effect, by-effect刚度rigidity刚度比ratio of rigidity刚度系数rigidity factor刚接rigid connection刚性节点rigid joint恒载dead load荷载传递transmission of load固端弯矩fixed-end moment活荷载live load积灰荷载dust load集中荷载concentrated load加载, 加荷loading剪力shear, shearing force剪切破坏shear failure剪应变shear strain剪应力shear stress简支simple support静定结构statically determinate structure截面模量modulus of section, section modulus 静力static force静力分析static analysis局部压力local pressure, partial pressure局部压屈local bulkling绝对值absolute value均布荷载uniformly distributed load抗拔力pulling resistance抗剪刚度shear rigidity抗剪强度shear strength, shearing strength抗拉强度tensile strength抗扭torsion resistance抗扭刚度torsional rigidity抗弯bending resistance抗弯刚度bending rigidity抗压强度compressive strength, compression strength 可靠性reliability可靠性设计reliability design拉力tensile force拉应力tensile stress, tension stress拉应变tensile strain, tension strain临界点critical point临界荷载critical load临界应力critical stress密度density离心力centrifugal force摩擦力friction force摩擦系数frictional factor挠度deflection内力internal force, inner force扭矩moment of torsion, torsional moment疲劳强度fatigue strength偏心荷载eccentric load, non-central load偏心距eccentric distance, eccentricity偏心受拉eccentric tension偏心受压eccentric compression屈服强度yield strength使用荷载working load水平力horizontal force水平推力horizontal thrust弹塑性变形elastoplastic deformation弹性elasticity, resilience, spring塑限plastic limit弹性变形elastic deformation塑性变形plastic deformation弹性模量modulus of elastic, elastic modulus体积volume, bulk, cubature, cubage土压力earth pressure, soil pressure弯矩bending moment, moment弯曲半径radius at bent, radius of curve位移displacement温度应力temperature stress温度作用temperature action系数coefficient, factor雪荷载snow load压应变compression strain压应力compression stress应力集中concentration of stress预应力prestressing force, prestress振动荷载vibrating load, racking load支座反力support reaction自重own weight作用action, effect作用点point of application, application jointb. Ground Base and Foundation 地基及基础板桩sheet pile, sheeting pile板桩基础sheet pile foundation饱和粘土saturation clay冰冻线frost line, freezing level不均匀沉降unequal settlement, differential settlement 残积土residual soil沉积物deposit, sediment沉降settlement沉降差difference in settlement沉降缝settlement joint沉井sinking well, sunk well沉箱caisson持力层bearing stratum冲积alluviation锤夯hammer tamping档土墙retaining wall, breast wall底板base slab, base plate, bed plate地板floor board地基ground base, ground地基承载力ground bearing capacity地基处理ground treatment, soil treatment地基稳定base stabilization地梁ground beam, ground sill地漏floor drain地下工程substructure work, understructure work地下室basement, cellar地下水ground water地下水位groundwater level, water table地下水压力ground water pressure地质报告geologic report垫层bedding, blinding独立基础isolated foundation, individual foundation端承桩end-bearing pile筏式基础raft foundation粉砂silt, rock flour粉质粘土silty clay粉质土silty soil扶壁式档土墙buttressed retaining wall腐蚀corrosion覆土earth covering刚性基础rigid foundation沟盖板trench cover固结consolidation灌注桩cast-in-place pile, cast in site pile护坡slope protection, revetment护桩guard pile环墙ring wall灰土lime earth回填backfill, backfilling回填土backfill, backfill soil混凝土找平层concrete screed火山灰水泥trass cement基槽foundation trench基础foundation, base基础底板foundation slab基础埋深embedded depth of foundation基础平面图foundation plan地基勘探site exploration, site investigation 基坑foundation pit集水坑collecting sump阶形基础stepped foundation结合层binding course, bonding course井点well point井点排水well point unwatering开挖excavation, cutting勘测exploration and survey勘测资料exploration data沥青bitumen, asphalt, pitch联合基础combined foundation卵石cobble, pebble埋置embedment毛石基础rubble foundation锚筋anchor bar锚桩anchor pile密实度compactness, density, denseness摩擦桩friction pile, floating pile粘土clay粘质粉土clay silt碾压roller compaction, rolling排水drainage, dewatering排水沟drainage ditch排水孔weep hole, drain hole排水设备dewatering equipment普通硅酸盐水泥ordinary Portland cement 群桩grouped piles容许沉降permissible settlement容许承载力allowable bearing软土soft soil砂垫层sand bedding course, sand cushion砂土sandy soil, sands砂质粉土sandy silt设备基础equipment foundation水泥搅拌桩cement injection素土夯实rammed earth, packed soil碎石桩stone columns弹性地基elastic foundation弹性地基梁beam on elastic foundation填方fill, filling填土earth-fill, earth filling, filling条形基础strip foundation土方工程earthwork挖方excavation work, excavation箱形基础box foundation压实compaction, compacting压实系数compacting factor验槽check of foundation subsoil预制混凝土桩precast concrete pile中砂medium sand重力式档土墙gravity retaining wall桩承台pile cap钻孔桩bored pile钻探exploration drilling, drilling,最终沉降final settlement基础梁ground beamc. Reinforcement Concrete Structure 钢筋混凝土结构板缝slab joint板厚thickness of slab板式楼梯cranked slab stairs板跨度span of slab薄壁结构thin-walled structure薄腹梁thin wedded girder保护层protective coating臂式吊车boom crane, boom hoist边梁edge beam, boundary beam变截面variable cross-section变形缝movement joint变形钢筋deformed bar初凝initial setting, pre-setting次梁secondary beam大型屋面板precast ribbed roof slab单层厂房one-storied factory单筋梁beam with single reinforcement 单跨single span单向板one-way slab垫块cushion block垫梁template beam吊车梁crane beam, crane girder顶棚抹灰ceiling plastering端跨end span, tail bay多跨连续梁multi-span beam翻边upstand反梁upstand beam分布钢筋distribution-bar封闭式箍筋closed stirrup附加钢筋additional bar刚架rigid frame, stiff frame钢筋reinforcement, steel bar, bar钢筋表Bar Schedules钢筋笼steel reinforcement cage钢筋间距spacing of bars, bar spacing钢筋网bar-mat reinforcement, mesh reinforcement 钢筋砖reinforced brick勾缝joint pointing构架frame, gallows构件member, structural member构造construction构造钢筋constructional reinforcement构造柱onstructional column, tie column构筑物structure箍筋hoop reinforcement, hooping箍筋间距stirrup spacing固定端fixed end, retained end固端梁fixed-end beam, fixed beam过梁lintel, breast summer混凝土强度等级grade of concrete机制砖machine-made brick剪力墙shear wall简支梁simply supported beam经济跨度economic span经济配筋率economic ratio of reinforcement劲性钢筋stiff reinforcement劲性钢筋混凝土结构steel composite construction 径向钢筋radial reinforcement抗剪钢筋shear reinforcement抗拉钢筋tension reinforcement受压钢筋compression reinforcement可见裂缝visible crack刻痕钢丝indented steel wire坑pit, hollow, delve空斗墙rowlock cavity wall, rolock wall空心板hollow slab空心砖隔墙hollow tile partition跨度span框架frame框架剪力墙结构frame-shear wall structure 拉接钢筋tie bar栏杆railing, banister栏杆立柱railing post老化aging累积误差accumulated error肋形楼板ribbed floor slab冷拔低碳钢丝cold-drawn low-carbon wire 冷脆性cold shortness, cooling brittleness 冷弯cold bending冷轧cold rolling离析segregation梁垫beam pad, template, pad梁挠度beam deflection楼梯斜梁string, stringer螺旋楼梯spiral stair, winding staircase马鞍形壳saddle shell锚固anchoring门式刚架portal frame面砖, 墙面砖facing tile, wall tile耐火混凝土fire-resisting concrete排架bent, bent frame女儿墙parapet wall, parapet配筋率reinforcement ratio配箍率stirrup ratio砌块block圈梁ring beam, tie beam, bond beam山墙gable深梁deep beam伸缩缝expansion joint实腹梁solid web girder实腹柱solid web column竖向钢筋vertical reinforcement双向配筋two-way reinforcement素混凝土plain concrete筒中筒结构tube-in-tube structure网状钢筋steel mesh reinforcement围堰cofferdam, coffer无梁楼盖flat slab, flat plate系梁tie beam预应力钢筋混凝土prestressed reinforced concrete 预应力构件prestressed component预制prefabrication预制板precast slab预制构件prefabrication component预制装配式结构prefabricated construction折板folded plate, folded slab折板结构folded-plate structure主筋main reinforcement, main bar主梁main beam, girder柱距column spacing, post spacing装配式结构fabricated structure纵梁longitudinal beam纵剖面longitudinal section纵向钢筋longitudinal bard. Steel Structure 钢结构薄壁型钢light-gauge steel section, hollow steel section 不等肢角钢unequal angle steel槽钢channel, channel steel背对背角钢组合angles back to back不锈钢stainless steel除锈rust-removal粗制螺栓rough bolt, black bolt带钢strip steel, band iron单面焊single weld, one-side welding地脚螺栓foundation bolt, anchor bolt,holding down bolt 点焊spot welding, point welding电动葫芦electric hoist等边角钢equal angle, equal leg angle对接焊, 对焊butt welding腹板web plate, web腹杆web member腹板加劲件web stiffener杆rod, bar钢板steel plate钢管steel tube, steel pipe钢桁架steel truss钢框架steel frame钢梯, 爬梯steel ladder高强度螺栓high strength bolt格构柱lattice column工字梁I-girder, I-beam工字钢I-steel工字形截面I-shaped cross-section 焊缝welding seam焊接welding焊接长度weld length焊条welding rod桁架truss红丹底漆red lead primer红丹漆red lead paint加劲肋stiffening rib, rib stiffener 加劲板stiffening plate角钢angle steel节点joint, node节点板gusset plate, gusset节点位移joint displacement节间长度panel length紧固螺栓clamp bolt, fastening bolt 精制螺栓turned bolt可焊性weldability空腹桁架open-web truss肋板ribbed panel, ribbed slab连接板connecting plate, joint plate檩条purline螺母screw nut, nut螺栓bolt螺栓孔bolt hole螺纹screw thread, thread螺纹长度length of thread螺纹钢screw-threaded steel, twisted steel拉杆tie rod, tension rod满焊full weld铆钉rivet锰钢manganese steel喷砂sand blasting轻钢结构lightweight steel construction三角架tripod上弦top chord, upper chord上弦横向水平支撑upper lateral bracing上弦纵向水平支撑upper longitudinal bracing 平面桁架plane truss实腹刚架solid web rigid frame塔架pylon bent特种钢special steel调和漆mixed paint贴角焊fillet weld, fillet welding托架bracket网架结构grid structure屋架roof truss, principal无缝钢管seamless steel pipe系杆tie rod, tie bar, tie下弦bottom chord, lower chord下弦横向水平支撑bottom lateral bracing斜撑diagonal brace, diagonal bracing型钢section steel, shaped steel悬索suspended cable, suspension cable压力焊pressure welding仰焊overhead welding, inverted welding翼缘flange翼缘板flange plate, cover plate轧制型钢rolled steel section支撑bracing, strutting铸铁管cast iron pipe组合槽钢built-up channel组合截面built-up section,compound section自动焊接automatic weldinge. Design for Antiseismic 抗震设计鞭梢效应whipping effect场地类别site classification场地土site soil单自由度体系single-degree of freedom system 底部剪力法equivalent base shear method地震earthquake, seism地震烈度earthquake intensity, seismic intensity 地震烈度区划图map of seismic intensity zoning 地震影响系数seismic influence coefficient地震作用earthquake action多自由度体系multi-degree of freedom system反应谱response spectrum抗震earthquake resistance抗震缝seismic joint, aseismic joint抗震构造aseismic construction抗震设防earthquake fortification抗震设计seismic design共振resonance基本周期foundamental period里氏震级Richter magnitude烈度intensity设计近震design near earthquake设计远震design far earthquake时程分析法time history method液化liquefaction振型vibration mode振型分解法modal analysis method震源earthquake focus震中earthquake epicenter自由度degree of freedom自振周期natural period of vibrationf. General Words for Design 设计常用词汇安装installation, erection报价offer, quoted price报价单quotation壁柱pilaster, mural column变更alteration, variation, modification变形deformation标高elevation, level标准standard, criterion标准大样standard detail标准图standard drawing补充规定additional regulations补充说明additional remarks补充条件supplementary conditions 不对称asymmetry布置arrangement, layout布置图layout plan, layout材料material材料表bill of materials材料强度strength of materials参见详图referring to detail drawing 参考点reference point参数parameter操作平台operating platform草图sketch, draft, rough drawing侧向刚度lateral rigidity侧向稳定lateral stability侧向约束lateral restraint侧向支撑lateral bracing, side bracing 拆除demolition, removal长细比slenderness ratio厂房factory building, mill building 超静定statical indetermination承包contract承包商contractor底标高bottom elevation电梯lift, elevator, electric lift电梯井elevator hoistway, lift well, lift shaft 电梯机房elevator machine room方案scheme, plan, programme方案设计schematic plan方案图schematic drawing防爆explosion protection,explosion-proofing 防潮层damp-proof course防冻freezing prevention, frost protection防冻剂antifreeze compound防腐preservation防腐剂preservative, preservative agent防滑slip-resistance防滑处理deslicking treatment防滑条non-slip insert防火fire prevention, fire proofing防火材料fireproof material防火分区fire compartment防水waterproofing防水材料waterproof material防水砂浆waterproof mortar防酸acid proofing方形square防锈rust prevention防锈剂anti-rust agent防振vibration protection分配系数distribution coefficient风化weathering, efflorescence风向wind direction附图attached drawing附注note, annotation高层建筑high-rise building高差difference in elevation高跨比ratio of rise to span高宽比depth-width ratio高耸结构high-rise structure隔断partition, divider工程project, engineering工程量quantities工程量表bill of quantities工业厂房industrial factory building 工业建筑industrial architecture公称直径nominal diameter公式formula公司company, corporation拱arch共振resonance, sympathetic vibration 管架pipe rack规范regulation, code规格specifications, standards规模scale, scope国家规范national regulation国家标准national standards合同contract横向变形transverse deformation横向刚度lateral rigidity化工厂chemical plant货梯freight elevator, goods lift极限承载能力ultimate bearing capacity纪要summary计算书calculation sheet技术资料technical data剪刀撑, 交叉撑X-brace, cross brace简图sketch, diagram简支梁simple beam交叉intersection, crossing交点intersection point铰接hinged connection, hinge joint, pin connection 结构变形structural deformation结构图structural drawing结构形式structural style结构稳定性structural stability结论conclusion, verdict截面section界限limits, bounds, demarcation line紧急出口emergency exit精确度accuracy, precision, excatitude,局部破坏local failure, partial failure矩形rectangular抗冻frost resisting抗风柱wind resistance column立面elevation, facade粒径particle diameter连续梁continuous beam两铰拱two-hinged arch裂缝rift, crack, crevice楼梯stair楼梯间staircase楼梯扶手stair rail楼梯净空stair headroom楼梯平台, 休息平台landing, pace, stair landing 楼梯坡度pitch of stair, slope of stair楼梯踏步stair step铝合金aluminum alloy铝合金窗aluminum alloy window民用建筑civil architecture摩擦friction耐火等级fire resistance rating耐久性durability, endurance爬梯cat ladder疲劳破坏fatigue failure频率frequency平面布置plan layout平台terrace, platform, deck平台栏杆platform railing剖面section剖面图sectional drawing侵蚀corrosion, erosion倾覆overturning, toppling人孔manhole容许误差allowable error, permissible error容许值permissible value, allowable value晒图blueprinting上部结构superstructure设计要求design requirements设计资料design data伸缩缝expansion joint室外楼梯exterior stair, outside stairway双向板two-way slab水平撑horizontal brace踏步step踏步板tread弹簧spring填充材料filling material填充墙filler wall挑板cantilever slab挑檐projecting eaves, overhang eaves停车场car park, parking lot通用构件standard member通用图standard drawing通用详图standard detail统一标准unified standards统一构件unified structure element投标bid, tender招标bidding图集collective drawings,collection of drawings 图签title block温差temperature difference稳定性stability, steadiness污水处理sewage disposal, sewage treatment 先张法预应力pretensioned prestressing现行标准currently effective standards详图, 大样detail drawing, detail橡胶止水带rubber waterstop消防firefighting, fire protection斜率slope卸荷unloading卸货平台discharging platform, unloading platform 悬臂cantilever悬臂板cantilever slab悬臂梁cantilever beam, overhanging beam悬挂hanging suspension压缩机compressor压缩模量modulus of compression延性ductility, ductileness业主client, owner一览表table, schedule, list有效截面effective section预应力损失loss of prestress,prestressing loss圆形circular shape, round圆柱circular column, round column约束confinement, restraint, constraint约束条件constrain condition展开图developed drawing栈桥landing stage, loading bridge罩棚awning折减系数reduction factor折算高度reduced height支座support, pedestal直爬梯vertical ladder止水带water stop中和轴neutral axis重心center of gravity周期period, cycle转弯半径turning radius转动惯量rotational inertia装卸平台loading and unloading platformg. General Words for Construction 施工常用词汇拌和料mixture标准级配standard grading补强strengthening, stiffening测量survey, measurement拆模form removal尺寸dimension, size抄平leveling处理treatment搭接lap joint, lapping, overlap joint搭接长度splicing length打底bedding, priming打夯, 夯实ramming, tamping打桩pile driving, piling, driving粗砂coarse sand捣实rodding, tamping地质勘测geological exploration,geological survey吊装hoisting定位locating, positioning堆料区stacking area洞口opening放大enlargement, amplification放线setting out放样lofting, setting out分层夯实compaction in layers分层回填back-filling in layers蜂窝麻面voids and pits改建reconstruction, alteration改造transformation, remodeling钢模steel mould钢套管steel thimble, steel sleeve工厂预制构件factory-made component骨料, 集料aggregate骨料级配gradation of aggregate骨料粒径aggregate size贯入度penetration灌浆grouting, grout jection和易性workability后张法post-tensioning method含水量water content, moisture content混凝土剥落scaling of concrete混凝土外加剂concrete additive, concrete agent 混凝土浇筑pouring of concrete级配gradation, grading加固reinforcement, strengthening加腋haunching间距spacing, pit建设building, construction建筑安装工程construction and installation work建筑材料building materials建筑结构building structure建筑设计院architecture design institute建筑施工building construction检修人孔inspection manhole浇筑pouring, placing, depositing脚手架scaffold, scaffolding结构标高structural elevation进度估计progress estimate净高clear height净距clear distance净空clearance绝对标高absolute elevation, absolute level 竣工completion竣工图“As Built” drawing开工commencement of work扩建extension, enlargement离析segregation临时设施construction site facilities临时道路temporary road麻面hungry spots埋入长度embedment length面层coat, coating抹灰plastering, rendering抹灰面层finish plaster模板form, shutter board模板工程formwork喷涂spray coating, spraying膨胀螺栓expansion bolt, expansion anchor平整leveling平整场地leveling of ground坡道, 斜坡道ramp, slope ramp, slope way 起吊hoisting砂浆mortar升板lift slab升板法施工lift slab construction施工construction施工单位construction organization施工缝construction joint, working joint施工图construction drawing时效aging试样sample, test sample收缩shrinkage, contraction水灰比water-cement ratio水泥cement水泥抹面cement plaster水泥砂浆cement mortar水泥砂浆找平cement mortar screeding坍落度slump梯子ladder, stepladder提升模板climbing form,climbing shuttering 温度缝temperature joint误差error, inaccuracy细骨料fine aggregate细石混凝土fine concrete现场预制site prefabrication现浇混凝土cast-in-place concrete相对标高relative elevation, relative level徐变creep养护curing永久变形permanent deformation预留孔preformed hole, prepared hole预埋件embedded parts, embedded inserts预埋螺栓embedded bolt, inserted bolt找平leveling, screeding找平层leveling coat, leveling course振捣vibration振捣棒poker vibration, vibrating needle, vibrator 支模form erecting, erection of shuttering最佳级配optimum gradation坐标coordinate粉状粘土Powdery clay soil车棚Bicycle shelter混凝土条形基础RC strip foundation。

词汇和结构题型

词汇和结构题型

词汇和结构题型
词汇和结构题型是英语考试中常见的一种题型,主要考察学生对英语词汇和语法的掌握情况。

这种题型通常会给出四个选项,其中三个是干扰项,一个是正确答案。

在词汇和结构题中,学生需要从四个选项中选择一个最合适的词汇或表达方式来填空,使句子完整、语法正确、意思清晰。

这种题型要求学生具备扎实的英语基础,包括词汇、语法和表达能力。

同时,学生还需要具备一定的推理和分析能力,能够从四个选项中选出最合适的答案。

为了提高词汇和结构题型的正确率,学生可以采取以下策略:
1. 熟练掌握英语词汇和语法知识,这是做题的基础。

2. 增强阅读和理解能力,有助于更好地理解句子含义和语境。

3. 学会分析句子结构,判断需要填入空格的词汇或表达方式。

4. 注意题目中的提示信息,如关键词、修饰语等,这些信息有助于缩小答案范围。

5. 多做练习题,熟悉题型和解题技巧,提高解题速度和正确率。

总之,词汇和结构题型是英语考试中很重要的一部分,学生需要注重英语基础知识的积累和练习,以提高正确率和成绩。

英语语法结构与词汇1

英语语法结构与词汇1
2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词 有些集体名词,如foliage, equipment, furniture,
通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。
Along the northern border of Italy ___ seen
the Alps, mighty in ____ splendor. A. are their B. is its C. are its D. is their 答案是A, 这是个倒装句。一般语序是The Alps, mighty in their splendor, are seen along the ....
关系代词
限定性 vs 非限定性 She married Joe, which surprised everyone.
This company has now introduced a policy
____ pay rises are related to performance at work.(1996, 44) Which where whether what
There ought to be less anxiety over the
perceived risk of mountain climbing than __ in the public mind today. (1999 46) A exists B exist C existing D to exist 登山具有危险性,但是由此产生的恐惧没 有像如今公众心里所想象的那么严重。
order proposal suggestion preference recommendation demand necessity request
通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主

大学英语B词汇与结构

大学英语B词汇与结构

Unit 1 语法概述1. 词法英语的词有实词和虚词两种:实词都有实义,在句中可以独立担任成分;虚词没有实义,不能在句中独立担任成分。

根据词义、句法作用和形式特征,词可以分为10类,成为词类,如下表:分清词类非常重要,因为只有分清词类,才能正确地使用它。

英语里有不少词可以属于几个不同词类,例如:double 可以用做不同的词性,有adj./v./n./adv.I know a man with a double character.(adj.)我认识一个有双重性格的人。

His income doubled in one year. (v.) 他的收入一年增加了一倍。

She is the double of her mother. (n.) 她和她妈妈长得一模一样。

He paid double for the customized car. (adv.) 他付双倍的价钱购买订制的车辆。

2. 句法句子由不同组成部分构成,它们在句子中起一定的功用,这些组成部分叫做句子的成分。

句子的成分通常分为主语、谓语(或谓语动词)、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分等,见下表:3. 短语短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成从句或句子的一组词。

短语在句中可以单独作为一种句子成分。

短语的种类有8种,如下表所示:分清词类非常重要,因为只有分清词类,才能正确地使用它。

英语里有不少词可以属于几个不同词类,例如:double 可以用做不同的词性,有adj./v./n./adv.I know a man with a double character.(adj.)我认识一个有双重性格的人。

His income doubled in one year. (v.) 他的收入一年增加了一倍。

She is the double of her mother. (n.) 她和她妈妈长得一模一样。

He paid double for the customized car. (adv.) 他付双倍的价钱购买订制的车辆。

英语词汇与结构范文

英语词汇与结构范文

英语词汇与结构范文
"英语词汇与结构"通常指的是学习英语的两个方面:词汇和语法结构。

1. 词汇(Vocabulary):英语的词汇非常丰富,学习者需要掌握大
量的单词,以便在交流中能准确表达自己的意思。

词汇包括基础词汇、扩
展词汇和专业词汇等。

为了提高词汇量,学习者可以通过背单词、阅读英
文文章和听力等方式进行训练。

2. 结构(Structure):英语语法结构规则严谨,学习者需要掌握句
子的基本结构、词类和句子成分的用法,以及时态、语态、语气等各种语
法规则。

掌握好英语的语法结构,可以帮助学习者构建正确的句子,避免
用词和语法上的错误。

在学习英语的过程中,词汇和结构是相辅相成的,学习者既要注重词
汇的积累,也要注重结构的运用。

只有词汇和结构都得到充分掌握,学习
者才能够流利地表达自己的意思,并与他人进行有效的交流。

英语结构词汇

英语结构词汇
counterpart对手,副本;
contra.missile反导弹导弹;counterclcckwise逆时针的
de-
away,down,negative离开,分,否定,使低下
decompose分解;
decompression减压;
degrade使降级;
demobilize复员;
degenerate堕落的;
proposal提案;
professional专业人员;
signal信号;
approval同意;
refusal拒绝;
arrival到达
-age
加在动词后
(n.)state;quality,act表状态,性质,行为,情况
(n.)表示特性或情况
(n.)state,quality,act表状态,性质,行为
disassemble拆开:divest脱衣,剥夺;
differentiate区分
il-
加在以“l”开头的词前

illegal不合法的;
illiterate文盲;illegitimate非法的
im-
in-
ir-
加在字母m,b,p之前
not,in,into否定,加强或引申意义
impracticable行不通的;invisible不可见的;
passage通道;
breakage破损;
shortage缺乏;
courage勇气;
shrinkage收缩;
-ance
-ence
加在形容词后
importance重要性;confidence自信心;
independence独立;appearance外貌;
existence存在

英语二、词汇与结构

英语二、词汇与结构

二、词汇与结构1、(As a rule ),we keep records on all the experiments so that we may have enough data.2、(Above)all we should put the theory into practice.3、(Until)you told me,I had heard nothing of what happened.4、(What)they are doing has never been done before.5、(The)majority of people are highly against the pollution in this city6、Ancient Greece is the (origin)of western civilization7、After stopping for a few minutes.the bus moved (on)to its next stop.8、A lecture hall is (one)where students.attend lectures.9、Although I am a good swimmer,I don’t like (swimming)in the sea.10、An adviser said in China (a sandwich)course should be developed in some Universites…11、A 15-year-old boy was (arrested)for stealing 22 charity boxes form local shops.12、All the team members tried their best.We lost the game, (however )13、At present,the most important thing is that Britain needs (to do)more to improve the…14、 Before she left on the trip, she (had trained)hard.15、By next year he (will have worked)in New York for five years.16、Before I got to the cinema,the film (had begun )17、Bush’s farm (lane)is said to be at bottom of the state of Texas in north America.18、Boggis’ little secret was that she wanted to see herself the (twelve-year-old)gril.19、Do you know who are (conducting)the survey?20、Do you feel like (having something to eat)today?21、Don’t worry,your watch (is being repaired)and you can have it in no time.22、Dr.Hoffman proposed that we (put off)the meeting until next week.23、Did you have a neighbor who was always (getting above)your business?24、Don’t you think the small donkey can really pull the heavy (cart )25、Edgar began (work)as an office boy years ago.26、Everything (would have been destroyed)if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade.27、Frank plays (a lot better than)Alex28、”Good-bye,Miss Liu.I’m very pleased (to have met you )”29、 He keeps (looking)at himself in the mirror.30、 He is the man (whose)dog bit me.31、His attitude toward us seems (friendly )32、He,as well as I ,(is)a student.33、He seldom does his homework at school on weekdays, (does)he?34、He speaks so quickly that I didn’t(catch)what he said.35、He (treated)the children so badly that they were terrified of him36、How the fire in the dance hall started (remains)a mystery.37、History is the story of (whatever)happened to the people before today.38、He is a kind-hearted and (respectable)gentleman.39、He (adjusted)himself quickly to the new condition of his work.40、He is over fifty,but he looks as though he (were )only in his thirties.41、He was (over the room )about his new job.42、He was (engaged in)the preparation of an international conference when I arrived in Beijing.43、Hardly (had I got)home when it began to rain.44、 It is very convenient (living)here.45、 I have lived here (since)1997.46、 I broke my leg when I (was)skiing in America.47、 It happen (on)a winter night.48.I know this is the secret between you and me,and I promise never to(mention)it to anyone else49、In addition to rice,we need to (supplement)our diet with fish,meat and vegetable.50、I’d like to know what you (did with)the plants I gave you.51、If the man (is to)succeed,he must work as hard as he can.52、It is (such a big job)that he has to ask for help.53、If there were life on Mars,such life forms (would be)unable to survive on earth.54、If you want to learn something,you had better pay (attention)in class55、I don’t think this kind of medicine has any (effect )56、It (happened)that I met one of my old classmates on my way home yesterday.57、In this factory each worker must receive a (two-month)training course.58、I prefer to live in the countryside.Country life has a lot of (advantages)over city life.59、It was well know that Thomas Edison (invented)the electric lamp60、I don’t think he will be back in an hour,(will he )?61、I saw she was in a difficulty with all those parcels,so I offered my (services )62、It is hoped that the weather will (stay)warm for three more days.63、If you want to visit someone in England,you’d better make arrangement (in advance ).64、I’d rather stay at home than (take)a walk.65、I am pleased to take (this opportunity)to exchange views with you.66、I don’t want you to make any trouble, (on the contrary) ,I urge you to solve the problem.67、In China,children (have to start)school at seven.68、In the fifties last cuntury many,new cities (grew up) in the desert.69、I haven’t read (the whole)book,but I read half of it,At least I know something about the ….70、It is assumed that students at an intermediate level will have a good (command)of the basic71、I tried (finishing)the book in a few days,but actually I couldn’t, just because of too much…72、I thought that this would be a funny trick (to play on) Jim.73、If you have made a dicision,please stice(to) what you want.74、I prefer classic music (to) pop music.75、If I had more money,I (would) travel around the world.76、If you go to America, you will find that there are better (communications)by road…..77、I was busy with my paper when I heard someone (moving about)in the room above.78、I am very surprised thaat even an expert on foreign affairs can know the…(Moreover)…79、If you don’t promise to help build more houses,ordinary people (will not benefit)80、John Preston was tired (of)living in east London,in which had moved after his wife’s death81、Jean could be a very attractive girl,but she (pays no attention) to her clothes.82、John and Mary (had been in love) for years before they got married.83、John (used) tp be a teacher before the war,but now he works in a hospital.84、Let me (look into) the case carefully before I draw a conclusion.85、Last month,he paid a visit to the village (where) he had once worked for five years.86、Let’s not wait any longer,he might not (turn up) at all.87、Last week I bought a flat (whose) biggest room faced south.88、 Mary forgot (to write) a letter to her mother, so she wrote to her just now.89、Mr.Smith (played) a most important part in the development of our city.90、Mr.Smith,together with his wife and children,(is) going to the party this weekend.91、Mother was busy,Although she was not watching the basketball on TV,she (was listening to)92、Mark is a clerk (with) a job in a top bookstrore.93、My parents are not interested in modern music、They are (behind) the times.94、Mr.Liu,(whose wife I met) at imoversotu om Changchun,works at Changhou Company now.95、My aunt has lived in New York (since) 1995.96、More and more people in China now (drive) to work regularly.97.No one can possibly recall any detail about the meeting.It is at least five years since it(took place )98、Not until most of the people had left the airport (did he see) his sister was there99、Not always (can people do what) they want(to ).100、On his first sea (voyage ),he was stillquite young but showd great courage to face the storms. 101、Once he starts a job,he won’t stop (until) it is finished.102、One of the benefits of the new model is that it is easier (to operate) than the old one.103、One day while Mr.King was working,he had an (accident)and his left leg was badly injured. 104、Once you’re into basketball,you’ll find (it) great fun to play as a way to relax.105、Our Lab was being (rebuilt) when we visited the university.106、Of you have made a dicision,please stick (A) what you want.107、Please leave the key under the door (in case) you go out.108、Please stop (shouting),It cannot help the situation.109、People wandering in the fairground or park area (don’t have to) wear a uniform.110、Parliament didn’t think the Prime Minister did enough in the improvement…(therefore )…111、 She was convicted (of) murder.112、She (owes) her success to hard work and strong will.113、She has always (looked up) to her father,although he did not graduate from a famous university.114、Some of the citizens have been (awarded) medals for bravery.115、Sadam (was married) for 25years.116、Smith drove all the (way) to Los Angeles and was just in time for the opening ceremony of 117、Silk (has been used) by Chinese for thousands of years now.118、 The bedroom needs (decorating)119、The farmer caught the boys (stealing) his apples.120、These plants are rather difficult (to look after)121、That’s the (veru) gentlemean I’ve been telling you about.122、The picture is pleasant (to look at)123、The refrigerator is (empty) ;we must buy some food.124、The teacher spoke so fast that it was hard for the students to (take in)what he was staying. 125、Three people,(including a child),were injured in the accident.126、They handed in theire paper (in trun)127、The population of the earth (is;are) increasing fast.One third of the population here…128、This is the problem (to which) we have no good solution as yet.129、The work (will have been done) by the time you get there.130、The patient acted on the doctor’s(advice) and finally recovered.131、The sun heats the earth,(which) is very important to living things.132、The definition leaves (much room) for disagreement.133、The heavy rain stopped us (from arriving) at the station on time.134、The president claimed the terrorists should be held responsible (for) the explosions that…135、The public transport system in many cities in the world (is still run) by the local authority. 136、The (politician) is concerned with successful election,whereas the statesman is …137、The big man has always been eating ont the go,(so) he has got stomachache.138、The beef I ate at the restaurant yesterday is delicious.i’d like to have it again (twice as much ) 139、The man (made for) the gate when he realized that we had spotted him.140、The act of speaking will also help to improve listening comprehension (to some extent ) 141、There are nations whose lack of contact with the outside world has (resulted in)poverty. 142、The mistake was (caused) by the carelessness of the assistant.143、The ancient letter was written (with) a pen.144、The roof of our house is broken ,so it needs (repairing).145、The volunteers started looking after other children (whose) parents died of AIDS last year. 146、They are (such diligent)students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations 147、 You must explain (to us, in) how they succeeded ()the experiment.148、You should make (sure)your house or flat is secure.149、You (ought) to lock the door at night.150、We advised him to give up smoking,(and do) a lot of exercise.151、What (type) of blood does Tom have?152、We consider (is necessary that) the instrument be adjusted each time it is used.153、When a fire (broke out) at the National Exhibition,at least ten priceless paintings…154、We are (confident) int eh future of our motherland.155、We failed in our (attempt) to climb the mountain.156、We lived on a (side street)when my wife studied in Oxford,It is quiet there,so very suited for 157、Why (is…begin)the old block of flats()demolished next month?158、We are told that it is (where) we are born that decides our nationality.159、We have kept (up) our friendship by writing to each other, so we are true friends160、While (raising) money,he had worked very long hours.161、We have our house (cleaned) every week by a cleaner.162、When we were having a meeting, the director (was told) the bad news by telephone.163、What’s happened to Tom?(He’s been taken )to hospital.。

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重点词汇与结构1. I’m enjoying the long summer evenings. ---__________ am I A. So2.-----____________ you like a drink? Wine? Beer ?一A beer , please B. Would.3. How about _______ out for a walk? C. going4. I don't clean my son's bedroom. He has to do it__________. C. himself5. ---- I have got a pain in my chest.---- You __________ to see the doctor A. need6. He ____ for an IT company. B. works7. I have coffee ____ breakfast time. A. at 9. She is _____ only accountant in my son’s company. C. the 15. Polly enjoys ______ the guitar in a band in her free time. C. playing 17. I work in _____ IT Department of ______ large bank. A. the, a 7. How many _____ would you like to buy? C. oranges8. I don't need ______ coffee, thanks. B. any11. It _____ heavily here at this moment. C. is raining12. – I haven't got a car. – Neither ______ I. A. have12. I think there will ____ 50 people at tomorrow’s party. A. be13. Carlos ____ serve the drinks and take the orders. C. has to14. Hurry up. We don’t have ____ time. B. enough 16. I am not feeling very well. I ____ to see the doctor. A. need 18. She ____ a teacher in Shanghai last year. B. was21. I have an English class ____ a week. C. three times22. Chris usually go to the gym ____ the weekend. C. at23. I’m bad at spelling, but Jane is ____ than me. B. worse25. – The classroom is not big enough for 50 students. A. too small–Yes, I agree. It’s ____.6. I work in ____ office in Shanghai. B. an7. There ____ four children in the picture. B. are8. We often have _____ supper at home. B. our9. ______ Chris worried about the presentation last week? B. Was10. This is my new watch. It was a present _______ my wife. B. from14. I have two brothers. One is a driver, _____ is a policeman. C. the other17. I’m sorry she’s not in. Would you like to ____ a message? C. leave8. He goes to work ___ foot but comes back home __ taxi. A. on, by21. Rose is ____ than Frank. C. much more easy–going reen is now _______ a holiday. C.on10.I'd like to _______ you to a party this Saturday. B.invite12.Hurry up. We don't have _______ time. B.enough13.—_______ time do you have lunch? B.What—I usually have lunch at 12.14.I'm a deputy manager. I work _______ an IT compa A. for15.This radio is _______ than that one. A more expensive16.—The second bedroom isn't big enough. B. too small—Yes, I agree. It is _______.17._______ any computers in your office? A.Are there19.—I don't have tea in the morning?—Neither _______ I. B. do20.Mark is responsible ____ the international market. B.for21.The IT Department is on the top floor. That's _______ floor B. the twentieth22. —Does "am" _______afternoon?—No, it _______ morning. C.mean, means23.—I'm tired.—_______ taking a holiday? A.What aboutA.24.My aunt _______ for her friends at home. C.enjoys cooking25. —_______will the meal take?—It'll take two hours, I think. C.How long14.John is good at training.Mary is ____________than him. B.better17.She has a problem ____________ the flat advertisement. A.with10.— How long does the bus __________? C.take, takes — It __________ about an hour.21.I don ’ t need ____ mineral water, but I ’ d like _____ tea, thanks. C.any, some1. Can I use the cooker in the kitchen? B. can notSorry, I’m afraid you _______.2. Jane is quite outgoing and _________-very friendly. A. talkative3. Thank you for replying ________ my email . A. to4. I like sitting in the cafes, ___the newspapers and ____ people . B. reading, watching5. I can hear the noise from cars ________ B. at night6. You can ask questions about any detail________ to this meeting . C. relating7. Do you need any rice? I can get some _____ you ____the supermarket. C. for, from8. Do you come here ________?Yes, I’m a member of the health club. I come twice a week to swim A. much9. Look, I'm getting too fat. I must do more exercise. _ A. Yes , you should work out.10. -Would you like something to drink? , please. C. Two cups of water11. I don't like the weather here. It ' s often__________ . A. depressing12. I ___reading novels ____watching movies. I like my own imagination when I read them. B. prefer , to13. I usually have breakfast_____________ about a quarter past seven. A. at14. I have a reservation for a___________ room. A. double15. The microwave oven isn't working at the moment , but I' ll repair ___________soon.? A. it16. -How long does the bus _____________?-About half an hour . B. take17. How___________ time are you going to spend with me? C. much18. You need to make an appointment with a doctor before the doctor_______you. B. examines19. Who's going to_____________ the washing-up? A. do20. They will meet again __________ tonight . C. each other21. Banks open ____________Monday__________ Friday . A. from , to22. Would you like to have __________ice cream? B. an23. I have a sandwich _______ lunch. A. for24. I always drive _________ to work . C. myself25. You like swimming, but we________________. B. don’t非重点8. _____ name is Wang Hua. C. His_______ name is Jocelyn. C. HerMaria often has a walk with _____ parents in the morning . C. her11. _____ you got any family? B. Have12. He’s responsible ______ the central computer system. B. for13. The Business Banking Department is on ______ floor. C. the second14. Wang Li is _____ a new marketing campaign at the moment. C. planning16. There ______ three plants in the corners of the room. B. are18. What ______ ―nr‖ mean? B. does19. I sometimes go to the pub ______ Friday. B. on20. ____ people are my friends. ____ people are my husband’s friends. A. These, Those21. He _______ in Beijing, but his parents ________ in Hangzhou. B. lives, live22. My husband doesn’t ______, but I like it very much . A. like shopping23. – _______ are you from? – I'm from Nanjing. C. Where24. He _______ lunch in the canteen right now. C. is having25. __________ children has his brother got? A. How many6. – __ Singapore like? – It's small and well–organised. B. What is9. ____ rice do you want to buy? A. How much10. I _____ buy any wine. C. don’t need to13. He can ______ good English. A. speak14. – What about Wednesday evening? – Sorry, _______ then. A. I'm too busy15. I'm interested ______ cooking. A. in16. It often ______ in winter in the north of China. B. snows17. ____ come to dinner tonight? A. Would you like to18. I don't need ______ mineral water, but I'd like _____ tea, thanks. B. any, some19. I am not keen _____ sports. A. on20. You can paint the walls and ______ posters. You can do what you want. A. put up21. – I prefer watching TV. – ____ do I . A. So22. How much does it cost _____ bus? C. by23. – The area is too dirty. – Yes, I agree. It's _____. A. not clean enough24. He goes to work ____ foot but comes back home _____ taxi. B. on, by25. How about _____ a taxi? C. taking6. _____any yoga classes in the evenings? B. Are there7. Which is ___, the Yangtze River or the Yellow River? B. longer8. I’m _____ a list of things to buy. B. making9. Rose is experienced _____ training. B. of10. She is making _____ a cup of coffee. A. herself11. When are you _____ London ____ Paris? B. leaving, for 15. I’ll give _____. A.the man the book 17. Tim ____ make a cake for the party. B. is going to19. My housewarming party is ____ Mary’s. A. different from11. Paul is in ____ canteen on ____ third floor. B. a, the12. I don't want _____ tea, thanks. B. a, the13. Lily and Lucy are ______ a picture–book in their room. C. reading20. ____ prepare everything today? B. Why don’t we 24. ____ of these two books do you prefer? A. Which15. ____ do I get to the bus station? C. How16. She is __ than him. C. faster19. My aunt ____ for her friends at home. A. enjoys cooking20. – __ do you prefer watching TV?– Because it helps my English a lot. B. Why22. He is ____ on the 6 o'clock train on Friday evening. C. travelling23. – I think the parks are lovely.– So _____ I. B. do24. ____ wine do you need for the party? A. How much25. When ____ for London? A. is she flying6.She works in _______ school near my office . C.the7.Maria often has a walk with _______ parents in the morning. B.her8.Have you got _______ lychees? B.any9.6.She is _______ o nly accountant in my son’s company. C.the7.I go swimming on Tuesdays _________ two hours. A.for8.I’m sorry she’s not in.Would you like to _________a message? C.leave 9.It often __________ in winter in the north of China. B.snows 11.The house is very close to the railway station, so it’s very ____for transport.C.convenient 12.- __________was your day?- Well, I was very busy. A.How 13.- I think the parks are lovely.- So_________ I. B.do 15.- The living room is too old-fashioned.- Yes, I agree.It’s ____________. C.not modern enough 16.Has the flat ____________ a pretty garden? C.got18.We have two children.____________ names are Peter and Paul. C.Their 19.David ____________ a holiday on Scotland at the moment. A.is having20._____ people are my friends.______ people are my husband’s friends.A.These,Those 23.- Should I take some medicine?- No, you__________ to take any medicine. B.don’t need24.My housewarming party is __________ Mary’s.A.different from 25.__________ does he flat cost a month? B.How much。

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