2015年南京大学考博英语真题试卷.doc
2015年南京大学考博英语真题试卷
(总分：114.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：20，分数：40.00)
1.The ambassador was accused of having______on domestic affairs.（分数：
2.00）
A.trespassed
B.encroached
C.entrenched
D.invaded
2.The goal is to use crops, weeds and even animal waste______the petroleum that fuels much of American manufacturing.（分数：2.00）
A.in terms of
B.in favor of
C.in spite of
D.in place of
3.As computer security systems become even more advanced, ______the methods of those who try to break into them illegally.（分数：2.00）
A.so much do
B.so too do
C.as much as
D.as well as
4.Parents with only one child tend to have higher academic______for their child.（分数：2.00）
A.ambitions
B.intentions
C.propositions
D.aspirations
5.A series of attempts______made, he came to realize that he had underestimated the enormity of the task.（分数：2.00）
A.were
B.to be
C.had been
D.having been
6.Manufacturing is China's most important economic activity, ______over 30 percent of the workforce.（分数：2.00）
A.including
B.engaging
C.approximating
D.accounting
7.The writer seems to______between approving of Collin's actions and finding them disgusting.（分数：2.00）
A.alter
B.transform
C.vacillate
D.vibrate
8.A lie is as much a lie, when it is whispered, as when it is______at the market cross.（分数：
2.00）
A.proclaimed
B.reclaimed
C.acclaimed
D.claimed
9.The______of computer technology has led to major changes in our social and family life.（分数：2.00）
A.fraudulence
B.arrival
C.dawn
D.advent
10.Teenage children began to assert their independence and this can lead to good deal of______in the family.（分数：2.00）
A.controversy
B.friction
C.restriction
D.contradiction
11.Their reflexive mindset tells scientists that all claims, ______political, moral, or religious are open to examination and critique.（分数：2.00）
A.be they
B.However they are
C.no matter they are
D.whether they be
12.The development of the English language falls into three reasonably ______periods: Old English, Middle English, and Modern English.（分数：2.00）
A.cutting
B.rational
C.distinct
D.disputable
13.The death of his father gave him a whole new______on life: now he spends more time with his family.（分数：2.00）
A.perspective
B.euphemism
C.conformation
D.providence
14.As the leaves turn yellow and fall, you can feel the______of winter.（分数：2.00）
A.approach
B.effect
C.surrounding
D.specimen
15.The teacher's role is not simply to______knowledge to students; he should also set a good example for them.（分数：2.00）
A.provide
B.impart
C.share
D.stretch
16.Thomas Leech______a very successful career as a photographer.（分数：2.00）
A.built up
B.carved out
C.fought for
D.stumbled on
17.Hardy's weakness______his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.（分数：2.00）
https://www.360docs.net/doc/6e1945863.html,y in
B.gave rise to
C.shed light on
D.derived from
18.Although this theory was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned
______the opposing view.（分数：2.00）
A.in favor of
B.in place of
C.instead of
D.in terms of
19.Historians such as Le Roy Laduric have used the documents to extract case histories, which have______the attitudes of different social groups and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.（分数：2.00）
https://www.360docs.net/doc/6e1945863.html,minated
B.ruminated
C.illuminated
D.eliminated
20.As our work is not done yet, I'm in no______to go out for a movie tonight.（分数：2.00）
A.mind
B.temper
C.mood
D.disposition
二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：30.00)
Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a seruious source of discomfort for their fellows.【C1】______, medical authorities express their【C2】______about the effect of smoking 【C3】______the health not only of those who smoke but also of those who don't. In fact, non-smokers who must【C4】______inhale the air polluted by tobacco smoke may【C5】______more than the smokers themselves. A【C6】______number of our students have【C7】______in an effort to【C8】______the university to ban smoking in the classrooms. I believe they are【C9】______right in their aim.【C10】______, I would hope that it is【C11】______to achieve this by【C12】______the smokers to use good judgment and show concern【C13】______others rather than by regulation. I am therefore asking you to【C14】______"No Smoking" in the auditoriums, classrooms and seminar rooms. This will prove that you have the non-smoker's health and well-being【C15】______, which is very important to a large number of our students.（分数：30.00）
(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）
A.Still
B.More
C.Again
D.Further
(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）
A.concern
B.trouble
C.interest
D.displeasure
(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）
A.on
C.with
D.to
(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）
A.involuntarily
B.instinctively
C.spontaneously
D.reluctantly
(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）
A.endure
B.suffer
C.undergo
D.put up with
(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）
A.few
B.considerable
C.many
D.quantitative
(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）
A.linked
B.connected
C.associated
D.joined
(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）
A.make
B.persuade
C.cause
https://www.360docs.net/doc/6e1945863.html,mit
(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）
A.entirely
B.totally
C.just
D.wholly
(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）
A.But then
B.However
C.Although
D.Moreove
(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）
A.likely
B.probably
C.capable
D.possible
(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）
A.pleading
B.begging
C.insisting
D.calling on
(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）
B.for
C.to
D.in
(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）
A.inscribe
B.decorate
C.maintain
D.claim
(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）
A.on head
B.in heart
C.in mind
D.in your brain
三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship group, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment. Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of "natural leaders". It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done". Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group menbers and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group's goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.（分数：10.00）
(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：2.00）
A.The problems faced by leaders
B.How leadership differs in small and large groups
C.How social groups determine who will lead them
D.The role of leaders in social groups
(2).The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT （分数：2.00）
A.recruitment.
B.formal election process.
C.specific leadership training.
D.traditional cultural patterns.
(3).In mentioning "natural leaders" in paragraph two, the author is making the point that（分数：2.00）
A.few people qualify as "natural leaders".
B.there is no proof that "natural leaders" exist.
C.natural leaders are easily accepted by the members of a social group.
D.natural leaders share a similar set of characteristics.
(4).Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph two?（分数：2.00）
A.A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader of another group.
B.Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
C.A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
D.Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
(5).The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on（分数：2.00）
A.ensuring harmonious relationship.
B.sharing responsibility with group members.
C.identifying new leaders.
D.achieving a goal.
The word hospice is hundreds of years old. It comes to us from the time called the Middle Ages in Europe. Religious groups then provided hospice as a place where traveler could stay. Sometimes the groups also offered a place for the sick and the dying. Today the word hospice means more than a place. It means a way of caring for the dying. In the modern sense of the word, it means that, if possible, dying people can receive care at home during their last days; and the health-care workers do not try to lengthen the lives of the dying with modern medical equipment. Instead, care-givers make every effort to control or stop the patient's pain. It also means that patients get help for their emotional needs in addition to their physical needs. A British woman Cicely Saunders was the first major activist for hospice care in modern times. Cicely Saunders worked as a nurse in a hospital right after World War II , where she met a man who was dying of cancer. Together they found ideas about the best possible treatment for people who would never get well again. They talked about treatments that would permit patients to discuss their feelings and to take part in activities meaningful to them. They planned a system that would allow dying people to be surrounded by the people and things they loved most. The dying man gave Cicely Saunders enough money to study to become a doctor. By 1967 Dr. Saunders had organized and opened St. Christopher's Hospice in London. In 1974, after the America's first hospice started in New Haven, others followed suit in cities throughout the country. Organizers had a difficult job. They had to teach the public about the idea of hospice. They had to get money from companies, religious groups and citizens. And they had to negotiate with local govermments to use public money to care for the dying. Thanks to their unyielding determination and painstaking efforts, hospice has grown in America. Dr. Jo Magno, the President of the National Hospice Organization, said that working with the dying occasionally made her sad. Yet she remembers the words of Dr. Cicely Saunders — "We can not add days to life, but we can add life to days. "（分数：10.00）
(1).What is the original meaning the word "hospice"?（分数：2.00）
A.It was a place where the homeless old people were taken care of.
B.It was a place where religious people lived.
C.It was a place offered by churches for the travelers.
D.It was a place where doctors treated patients.
(2).In the modern sense of the word, hospice includes all of the following EXCEPT（分数：2.00）
A.a priest is invited to pray for the dying.
B.a dying patient is taken care of at his home.
C.efforts are made to reduce the pain of the dying people.
D.the psychological needs of the dying are considered and cared for.
(3).What did Cicely and the man talk about?（分数：2.00）
A.How to advise the hospital to treat the dying patients.
B.How to make arrangement for the patients who had no hope of recovery.
C.The meaningful activities for all patients to take part in.
D.The kind of people that are allowed to visit the patients.
(4).How did Cicely Saunders complete her study?（分数：2.00）
A.By working part-time.
B.Be obtaining a fellowship.
C.With the help of a man's money.
D.Through her management of St. Christopher's Hospice.
(5).Which is a correct statement about the early American hospice?（分数：2.00）
A.It was an immediate success as a result of the effort by Dr. Cicely.
B.It was probably not easy to persuade companies to provide financial support.
C.Many people readily accepted the new idea.
D.Local governments forbade what they did.
What we today call America folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday "folks" who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middel-class republics—whether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans—have always shown a marked taste for portraiture. Starting in the late eighteenth century, the United States contained increasing numbers of such people, and of the artists how could meet their demands. The earliest American folk art portraits come, not surpisingly, form New England—especially Connecticut and Massachusetts—for this was a wealthy and populous region and the center of a strong craft tradition. Within a few decades after the singning of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the population was pushing westward, and Missouri. Midway through its first century as a nation, the United States' population had increased roughly five times, and eleven new states had been added to the original thirteen. During these years the demand for portraits grew and grew, eventually to be satisfied by the camera. In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced to America, ushering in the age of photography, and within a generation the new invention put an end to the popularity of painted portraits. Once again an original portrait became a luxury, commissioned by the wealthy and executed by the professional. But in the heyday of portrait painting-from the late eighteenth century until the 1850's—anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner, as such a portaitist was called. Local craftspeople-sign, coach, and house painters —began to paint portraits as a profitable sideline; sometimes a talented man or woman who began by sketching family members gained a local reputation and was besieged with requests for portraits; artists found it worth their while to pack their paints, canvases, and brushes and to travel the countryside, often combining house decorating with portrait painting.（分数：10.00）
(1).In lines 3-5 the author mentions seventeenth-century Dutch burghers as an example of a group that（分数：2.00）
A.consisted mainly of self-taught artists
B.appreciated portraits
C.influenced American folk art
D.had little time for the arts
(2).According to the passage, where were many of the first American folk art portaits painted?（分数：2.00）
A.In western New York
B.In Illinois and Missouri
C.In Connecticut and Massachusetts
D.In Ohio
(3).The word "this" in line 8 refers to（分数：2.00）
A.a strong craft tradition
B.American folk art
C.New England
D.western New York
(4).The phrase "ushering in" in line 17 is closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）
A.beginning
B.demanding
C.publishing
D.increasing
(5).According to the passage, which of the following contributed to a decline in the demand for paint portraits（分数：2.00）
A.The lack of a strong craft tradition
B.The westward migration of many painters
C.The growing preference for landscape paintings
D.The invention of the camera
What percentage of the population in a modern technological society are, like myself, in the fortunate position of being workers? At a guess I would say sixteen per cent, and I do not think that figure is likely to get bigger in the future. Technology and the division of labor have done two things: by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skill, they have made a very large number of paid occupations which formerly were enjoyable work into boring labor, and by increasing productivity they have reduced the number of necessary laboring hours. It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population, that is to say, its laborers, will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy. When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved, the prospect is not cheerful. Indeed, the problem of dealing with boredom may be even more difficult for such a future mass society than it was for aristocracies. The latter, for example, ritualized their time; there was a season to shoot grouse, a season to spend in town, etc. The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which changes as often as possible in the economic interest of certain people. Again, the masses cannot go in for hunting, for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt. For other aristocratic amusements like gambling, dueling, and warfare, it may be only too easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence. Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist. The role of aggression in mental work is aptly expressed by the phrase "getting one's teeth into
a problem".（分数：10.00）
(1).According to the passage, the writer believes the majority of the population（分数：2.00）
A.are unhappy with what they do.
B.will get bigger in their number in the future.
C.agree with him on his classification.
D.are in the fortunate position of being workeers.
(2).According to the passage, technology and division of labour have done all of the following EXCEPT（分数：2.00）
A.increasing the joy of the paid occupations.
B.making skill and special strength unnecessary in work.
C.causing jobs to be dull labour.
D.decreasing working hours
(3).What can be inferred from the passage about special strength and skill?（分数：2.00）
A.Special strength and skill must be abandoned if people want to enjoy their work.
B.Special strength and skill are necessary for people to find their work enjoyable.
C.Special strength or skill causes work to be boring
D.Special strength or skill reduces the number of necessary labouring hours.
(4).According to the passage aristocracy dealt with boredom by（分数：2.00）
A.enjoying more leisure.
B.working with labourers.
C.demanding difficult work for the masses.
D.ritualizing their time.
(5).Which of the following is one of the amusements of the masses?（分数：2.00）
A.Hunting
B.Gambling
C.Foolish acts of violence
D.Doing scientific research
四、English-Chinese Tran(总题数：1，分数：2.00)
21.There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfactions we get from a lifetime depend on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of "The pleasure of taking pains". The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless. Happiness is never more than partial. There are no pure states of mankind. Whatever else happiness may be, it is neither in having not in being, but in becoming. What the Founding Fathers declared for us as an inherent right, we should do well to remember, was not happiness but the pursuit of happiness. What they might have underlined, could they have foreseen the happiness-market, is the cardinal fact that happiness is in the pursuit itself, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing, which is to say, in the idea of becoming.（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
五、Chinese-English Tran(总题数：1，分数：2.00)
22.据心理学家称，乐观和自信是健康的心理状态所应具备的要素。焦虑是一种心理问题，他源自对生活中的不确定因素的内在恐惧，或者说是一种不安全感。繁荣的市场经济中躁动的消费需求是某些人焦虑情绪产生的原因。名车、豪宅和优越的生活被人们视为高档的标志。但是，由于多数人难以达到这样的生活标准，有些人就会产生失落感。然而，这种出于对金钱崇拜而产生的焦虑感并不具有代表性。对于多数人来说，引起焦虑的重要原因是高昂的房价、教育支出和医疗费用。人们生活在巨大的压力之下，但是低廉并且增长缓慢的工资使他们看不到脱离困境的希望。有时似乎是机会多多，人们也会因此而产生焦虑。（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
南京大学哲学系考博真题(精华版2008--2013年)(DOC)
南京大学哲学系历年考博真题（2008—2013年） 考试科目名称及代码：中国哲学史（3305） 适用专业：中国哲学宗教学 2008年（中国哲学专业做A卷宗教学专业做B卷）A卷（每题25分，共100分） 1、孔子“仁”的思想内容及其评论 2、老子“道”的思想内容及其评论 3、王阳明“知行合一”说述评 4、试论程朱理学对先秦儒学的丰富和发展 B卷（每题25分，共100分） 1、荀子天人思想述评 2、孟子仁学思想述评 3、王充元气自然论述评 4、郭象“独化”论述评 2009年 1、试述墨子对孔子学说的批评，并给予评论（25分） 2、老子、庄子思想异同（25分） 3、张载“气本论”思想述评（25分） 4、试述中国传统哲学中的“天人合一”思想，并给予检讨（25 分）
1．孔子“仁爱”、老子“道爱”、墨子“兼爱”之比较（25分）2．魏晋玄学讨论的主要问题并给予评论（25分） 3．试述程朱“理本论”与陆王“心本论”异同（25分） 4．试述儒学哲学化历程并给予评论：以先秦儒学、宋明儒学、现代新儒学为例。（25分） 2011年 1、试论儒学人文主义思想及其特质。（25分） 2、《大学》主要思想内容述评。（25分） 3、王夫之“理势合一”论述评。（25分） 4、试述老子的“道”与宋明理学的“理”之异同。（25分） 2013年 1、 2、老子辩证法及其评论（25分） 3、中国佛学在中国哲学中的地位（25分） 4、张载《西铭》的主要思想述评（25分） 考试科目名称及代码：中国佛学（2294） 适用专业：中国哲学
论述题（每题25分，共100分） 一、慧远“法性论”思想述评（25分） 二、天台宗“三谛圆融”思想述评（25分） 三、试从佛学与儒学两个方面论述佛儒交融的内在根据（25分） 四、试评析《维摩诘经》对现当代人间佛教的影响（25分） 2009年 论述题（每题25分，共100分） 一、如何理解《心经》中所说的：“色不异空，空不异色；色即是 空，空即是色”？（25分） 二、竺道生佛性思想述评。（25分） 三、禅宗的中国化主要表现在哪些方面？（25分） 四、从王阳明的“本体工夫”看禅学对阳明学的影响。（25分） 2010年 论述题（每题25分，共100分） 一、华严“四法界”思想述评（25分） 二、慧能对传统佛教进行了哪些根本性改革？（25分） 三、佛教对中国传统思维模式的影响表现在哪些方面？（25分） 四、什么是佛教的“不二法门”？（25分）
南京大学考博试题
南京大学2000年古代文学专业博士生入学试题 中国文学史 1.论述诗骚之艺术区别。（《诗经》、《楚辞》对中国文学、文化、学术的影响。） 2.概述宋代社会生活、文化对宋词的影响。（唐代社会文化对唐诗的影响。元代社会对元曲。明清社会文化对明清戏曲的影响。） 3.论述唐宋“三元”（开元、元和、元祐）时期诗歌的不同发展状况。 4.陶渊明作品及其时代。（李后主的作品的风格变化。何谓“建安风骨”。“建安七子”的作品及其时代。《古诗十九首》及其时代特色。） 5.论述《牡丹亭》的思想内容。（四大名著的思想内容。） 6.谈谈对“一代有一代之文学”的理解。（王国维的学术思想非常重要，他的许多闪光的语句都蕴涵深刻的学术思想，要下功夫去看。） 南京大学2001年古代文学专业博士生入学试题 1.你读过哪几种《诗经》注本，试择两种谈其特点。（可以出你读过哪几种中国文学史，试对此进行评价。从时代、编纂思想、影响、意义等方面入手。可以买中华读书报、文汇读书报合订本来看，看人大复印资料。了解学术动态。对中国文学史及其大的学术脉络了解洞悉。把握大的学术史。你读过哪几种《楚辞》注本，选择几种谈谈其特色、影响等。你读过哪几种唐诗、宋词注本，谈谈特点。）0 Z( V7 ~% Z) V7 t# W# 2.曹植在建安诗人群体中的独特性。（嵇康、阮籍在“竹林七贤”中的地位和独特性。竹林玄学的特色。魏晋玄学上继两汉经学，下开宋明理学，非常重要。谈谈其特色及其影响。陶渊明在魏晋诗人中的特点。陶渊明的独特性。） 3.试述唐代古文运动未能彻底胜利的原因。（谈宋代诗文革新运动） 4.张炎评姜夔词风“清空”，试论此评。（姜夔词的特色）https://www.360docs.net/doc/6e1945863.html,7 ~; ( M9 N/ C. Z 5.《聊斋志异》和《儒林外史》都抨击了科举，比较其异同。考博,考博网,考博论坛, 南京大学2002年古代文学专业博士生入学试题 1.试述《诗经》研究从经学到文学的转变与进境。; [. D! o1 M2 M, p6 _+ m 2.在文学史常有一种现象：作家或作品在当时不被发现与重视，到后来却成为经典，试举一部作品或一位作家予以说明。（陶渊明等） 3.清初词坛出现极度的繁荣，试述其构成与流变。（纳兰性德） 4.姚鼐《古文辞类纂?序目》中关于辞赋类的一段话（引文略）。以上涉及内容很广，试就二、三加以申述。（陆机《文赋》“诗人之赋丽以则”，谈谈你的看法。刘勰《文心雕龙》、钟嵘《诗品》、以及司空图《诗品》中都有中不少真知灼见，都可以引申发挥。）考博论坛~! w0 \3 T; 5.民国时期，闻一多、胡适、陈寅恪是研究古代文学的著名学者，试就一家论述其研究方法论。（郭沫若、胡适、章太炎、陈垣、王国维等的学术思想和治学方法。评价“古史辨”学派的特点，成就与不足。） 南京大学2003年古代文学专业博士生入学试题 中国文学史 1.唐诗中体现的诗骚传统。（诗骚传统对唐代诗歌的影响）（宋诗中体现的宋明理学影响。宋诗与唐诗的比较。苏轼对宋词发展的贡献。元曲的兴起原因。明清小说的现实主义传统。） 2.魏晋南北朝抒情小赋的艺术特征。（抒情小赋有哪些特点？）（汉大赋的兴起、发展、特色及其影响。抒情小赋为何兴起。其发展、特色及其影响。） 3.诗歌典故分析（虞集诗）。（给一首诗写典故出处，元代诗人的诗歌。多看一些唐宋诗歌的注解，比如阮籍、李贺、李商隐、李白等诗歌。）
南京大学 社会学2001-2003考博试题
南京大学社会学2001-2003考博试题 2001年试题 社会学理论与方法 一、简述题（每题8分，共40分） 1、简述马克斯.韦伯的理想类型 2、简述达伦多夫社会冲突理论 3、简述社会交换理论在人类学、经济学和心理学中的理论来源 4、简述布尔迪厄德“文化资本”理论 5、有关政府预算的一项社会调查想知道某市市民对政府在教育经费投入、交通建设经费 投入方面的意见。由于调查经费有限，甲研究人员把问卷发往全市各小学，然后通过学生 转到家长手中；乙研究人员从全市18岁以上成人中随机抽出调查对象，再用邮寄方式发放 问卷。请比较两种不同的调查方法，指出各自的长短。 二、论述题（每题15分，共45分） 1、论述唯名论和唯实论两种社会观 2、论述宏观社会学理论和微观社会学理论的区别 3、社会学的中国化应该如何借鉴西方社会学发展的历史教训？ 三、计算题（每题15分，共15分） 在一次对研究生考生的社会调查中，某地区所有考生的资料显示，该地区考生5门课程的总 分成绩近似服从正态分布。每个考生的平均分为320分，标准差为25.38，试求： （1）、从该地区中随机抽取一名考生，其总分超过340分的概率；（2）、如果抽取一个容量为9的随机样本，求其平均总分超过340分的概率 （3）、比较（1）和（2）的结果，请做出统计意义的解释；另外，如果总体不是正态，那 么（2）的答案将是什么？ （附：查表可知，Ф（Z<=0.79）=0.7851 Ф（Z<=0.78）=0.7823 Ф（Z<=2.36）=0.981）
2002年试题 社会学理论与方法 一、简述题（每题8分，共40分） 1、简述迪尔凯姆的社会事实及其特征 2、简述符号互动论中衣阿华学派和芝加哥学派的差异 3、简述米尔斯对美国中产阶级的论述 4、简述吉登斯的现代性制度“组织丛” 5、什么是操作化?它在社会研究中的作用是什么？ 二、论述题（每题15分，共45分） 1、论述库恩的范式思想及其对西方社会学理论的影响 2、科尔曼针对社会科学中普遍存在的缺陷——宏观理论和微观理论的联系脆弱，提出了 怎样的解决方法？是举例说明。 3、试比较调查研究和实地研究两种社会研究方式的特点。 三、计算提（每题15分，共15分） 对北京和南京两城市各随机抽取400名居民进行调查，结果发现，北京居民人均月收入为1 200元，标准差为180元；南京居民人均月收入为500元，标准差为80元。问： （1）、北京居民互相之间在收入上的差异，与南京居民相互之间在收入上的差异，哪一个 更大？ （2）、在95%的置信度下（Z=1.96），南京市居民平均月收入的置信区间是多少？ 2003 理论与方法 简答题 1、帕累托的剩余物与衍生物 2、齐美尔的社会类型 3、柯林斯的互动仪式 4、哈贝马斯的合法化危机 5、米德的精神、自我与社会的关系 6、分层抽样与整群抽样分别应用于什么情况下
[外语类试卷]2014年南京大学考博英语真题试卷.doc
[外语类试卷]2014年南京大学考博英语真题试卷 一、Structure and Vocabulary 1 Hunting is thought to be______for the extinction of some wildlife. （A）responsible （B）blamed （C）charged （D）denounced 2 The American students came to our school in November, and we then made a______visit to theirs. （A）reciprocal （B）bilateral （C）considerate （D）rewarding 3 That man claimed to be a______of Confucius. （A）descending （B）ascending （C）descendant （D）offspring 4 Can you______the truth of his statement?
（A）deny （B）refuse （C）decline （D）reject 5 I failed in my new job. If only I______my parents. （A）listened to （B）had listened to （C）have listend to （D）would listen to 6 He studied at a famous college when he was young, ______contributed to his success in later life. （A）which （B）it （C）that （D）what 7 My eldest sister went on with the story and young children around her ______ with " wonderful!" from time to time. （A）broke out （B）broke off （C）broke in
2003年南京大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2003年南京大学考博英语真题及详解 SECTION I LISTENING COMPREHENSION（20%） （略） SECTION II STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY（35%） Part A Directions:Questions31-40are incomplete sentences.Beneath each sentence you will see four-words or phrases,marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. 31.This platform would collapse if all of us______on it. A.stand B.stood C.would stand D.had stood 【答案】B 【解析】一般现在时的虚拟语气结构，主句用would+动词，从句用一般过去式。 32.The young man who saw the car______into the river telephoned the police. A.plunged B.plunge
C.was plunging D.to plunge 【答案】B 【解析】see sth.do表示看到事物动作的整个过程，这里表示看见车陷入河里。 33.You can come with me to the museum this afternoon______you don’t mind walking for half an hour. A.unless B.so far as C.except D.if 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“如果你不介意走半个小时路的话，你今天下午就跟我一块去博物馆吧。” 可知为D，其余三项均不通。 34.We can rely on William to carry out this mission,for his judgment is always ______. A.inexplicable B.healthy C.sound D.straight 【答案】C
南京大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
南京大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析 directions：in the following article，some sentences have been removed.for questions1-5，choose the most suitable one from the list a―g to fit into each of the numbered blank.there are two extra choices，which do not fit in any of the gaps. it seems to me there are two aspects to women.there is the demure and the dauntless.men have loved to dwell，in fiction at least，on the demure maiden whose inevitable reply is：oh，yes，if you please，kind sir！the demure maiden，the demure spounse，the demure Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi mother―this is still the ideal.a few maidens，mistresses and mothers are demure. a few pretend to be.but the vast majority are not.and they don‘t pretend to be.we don’t expect a girl skilfully driving her car to be demure，we expect her to be dauntless.what good would demure and maidenly members of parliament be，inevitably responding：oh，yes，if you please，kind sir！―though of course there are masculine members of that kidney.―and a demure telephone girl？or even a demure stenographer？demureness，to be sure，is outwardly becoming，it is an outward mark of femininity，like bobbed hair.but it goes with inward dauntlessness. 1）with the two kinds of femininity go two kinds of confidence：there are the women who are cocksure，and the women who are hensure. a really up-to-date woman is a cocksure woman.she doesn‘t have a
2013年南京大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年南京大学考博英语真题及详解 SECTION I STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY(30%) Part A(20%) Directions:There are20incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there arc four choices marked A,B,C,and D respectively.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentences.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. l.Shoes of this kind are to slip on wet ground. A.feasible B.appropriate C.apt D.fitting 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这种鞋在湿地上容易打滑。apt恰当的；有…倾向的；灵敏的。feasible 可行的；可能的；可实行的。appropriate适当的；恰当的；合适的。fitting适合的；相称的。 2.I bought an alarm clock with an_____dial,which can be seen clearly in the dark. A.supersonic B.luminous C.audible
D.amplified 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我买了一个有发光针盘的闹钟，黑夜中也能看得很清楚。luminous发光的；明亮的；清楚的。supersonic超音速的；超声波的。audible听得见的。amplified 放大的；扩充的。 3.Her jewelry_____under the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball. A.glared B.glittered C.blazed D.glowed 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她的珠宝在灯光下闪闪发亮，让她成为了舞会上的焦点。glitter闪光；闪烁。glare瞪视；发眩光。blaze燃烧；照耀；激发。glow发热；洋溢；绚丽夺目。 4.Put on dark glasses or the sun will_____you and you won’t be able to see. A.discern B.distort C.distract D.dazzle 【答案】D
南京大学考博英语真题2006-2008年答案
南京大学考博英语真题2006年答案 Section 1 Part 1 1-5 AABCC 6-10 CBDDC Part 2 11-15 BCDDC 16-20 DDCAC Part 3 21-25 ADAAC 26-30 CBDCD 31-35 DAAAC 36-40 BBABB Section 2 41-45. D A C A B 46-50 B A C C C 51-55 C A B A C 56-60 B C B D D Translation Part A 放弃对于获得幸福至关重要，其重要性并不逊于努力。面对我们可以阻止的不幸，明智的人不会屈服，但对于那些不可避免的甚至是可以避免的事情，若时间和经历要求他们放弃以追求更加重要的东西，他们不会浪费时间和感情而是选择顺从。很多人常常为鸡毛蒜皮的琐事而大发脾气，并因此浪费了大量原本可以有大用处的大量精力。在追求真正重要的目标中太过沉溺，导致潜在失败的可能性时时威胁我们的思维，这是不明智的。工作效率往往和我们所投入的感情并不对称。事实上，情感偶尔会妨碍效率。我们在服从命运安排的同时应当竭尽全力。顺从分两种：其一是源于绝望，其二则源于不可征服的希望……前者坏，后者好。Part B 1.In a populous city, the idea that a man must know his neighbors has been extinct. But it is still true of that in small towns and villages. 2.People living as long as each other may have quite different lifestyles. Some go far away and enjoy fantastic scenery while others are incarcerated in a small room and until death does them not know how far-flung the world is. 3.The biggest falsehood of humans is they take for that social and political problems are so simple that they can be judged and solved with practical experience, instead of strict training with scientific methods. Unfortunately, it is quite contrary in the case. 4.You can’t get rid of jealousness merely through being successful because there are someone in history who are more successful than you. Enjoy the happiness at hand and do what you are supposed to do. Don’t compare what you imagine or even entirely wrong with those who are more lucky than you. Then, you can cast off jealousness. 5.So, this is the true spiritual civilization: make the most of human’s brightness and wiseness to find truth, to control nature, to change matters for human’s use, to relieve human of needless hardships, to liberate human’s spirit from blindness and superstition. 南京大学考博英语真题2007年答案 Section 1 Part 1 1-5 AAABC 6-10 BCCDA Part 2 11-15 ABCBA 16-20 CDCAA
2014年南京大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2014年南京大学考博英语真题及详解 SECTION I STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY(30%) Part A(20%) Directions:There are20incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D respectively.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentences.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1.Hunting is thought to be_____for the extinction of some wildlife. A.responsible B.blamed C.charged D.denounced 【答案】A 【解析】句意：人们认为野生动物的灭绝与狩猎有关。be responsible for“为……负责”，符合句意，因此选A项。be to blame“对某事应负责任的，应受责备的”，而选项B中的be blamed for意思为“因……受责备”。be charged for因……受指控。be denounced for因……受谴责。 2.The American students came to our school in November,and we then made a _____visit to theirs. A.reciprocal
南京大学考博真题 法学院考博真题分享(回忆版)
2012年南京大学法学院考博真题分享（回忆 版） 来源：https://www.360docs.net/doc/6e1945863.html,（强烈建议去这个网站购买正版！） 因为有四个专业，估计17个导师，故每个导师出了两道题，考生自己选择与所报导师相关题目 杨春福，周安平： 1.试论自然法学派的发展历程、主要内容及其对当代中国法治建设的借鉴意义 2.试比较亚里士多德的正义理论与罗尔斯的正义论 张仁善 3.试论中国法治进程中如何处理好继承本土法律传统与移植先进法律文明的关系 4．论述中国实现司法公正所面临的政治、社会与文化的挑战 王太高 5.国务院发布的《全面推进依法行政实施纲要》将“合法行政”界定为“行政机关实施行政管理，应当依照法律、法规、规章的规定进行；没有法律、法规、规章的规定，行政机关不得作出影响公民、法人和其他组织合法权益或者增加公民、法人和其他组织义务的决定。”谈谈你对该条规定的理解。 6.公司法第199条规定：“违反本法规定，虚报注册资本、提交虚假材料或者采取其他欺诈手段隐瞒重要事实取得公司登记的，由公司登记机关责令改正，对虚报注册资本的公司，处以虚报注册资本金额百分之五以上百分之十五以下的罚款；对提交虚假材料或者采取其他欺诈手段隐瞒重要事实的公司，处以五万元以上五十万元以下的罚款；情节严重的，撤销公司登记或者吊销营业执照。”结合我国《行政处罚法》《行政许可法》评析该条规定。 孙国祥 7.试析受贿罪构成要件中“为他人谋取利益”的规定 8.结合我国历次刑法修改论述经济刑法的发展与趋势 狄小华 9.试析正当程序在刑事解纷中的应用 10.以权力与权利关系评述我国刑诉法修正草案 叶金强、张淳（是两道案例题，字数太多，省略了。不好意思） 11. 12. 范建 13.试论民商事规范区分 14.试论商事风险
2003~2006年南京大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
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