中学生百科英语1-U1-L4
中学生百科英语
中学生百科英语2:Thoughts& Notions01 The Zipper02 The Postage Stamp03 Pencils and Pens04 The Umbrella05 The Metric System06 Thai Boxing07 Sumo Wrestling08Tarahumara Foot Races09 Olympic Sports10 Greatathletes11 The Puffer Fish12 Foods from Around the World13 Chocolate14 The Blue Revolution15 Twenty-One Days Without Food16 The Marie Celeste17 The Roanoke Settlement18 The Easter Island Statues19 The Tunguska Fireball20Mystery of the Monarchs21 The History of Money22 Mass Marketing23 Inflation24 Doing Business Around the World25 Credit Cards1 The ZipperThe zipper is a wonderful invention. How did people ever live without zippers?They are very common, so we forget that they are wonderful. They are very strong,but they open and close very easily. They come in many colors and sizes.In the 1890s, people in the United States wore high shoes with a long row of buttons. Clothes often had rows of buttons, too. People wished that clothes were easier to put on and take off.Whitcomb L. Judson, an engineer from the United States, invented the zipper in 1893. However, his zippers didn't stay closed very well. This was embarrassing, and people didn't buy many of them. Then Dr. Gideon Sundback from Sweden solved this problem. His zipper stayed closed.A zipper has three parts: 1.Thereare dozens of metal or plastic hooks (called teeth) in two rows. 2. These hooks are fastened to two strips of cloth. The cloth strips are flexible. They bend easily. 3. A fastener slides along and joins the hooks together.When it slides the other way, it takes the hooks apart.Dr. Sundback put the hooks on strips of cloth. The cloth holds all the hooks in place. They don't come apart very easily. This solved the problem of the first zippers.(212 words)2 The Postage StampBefore the invention of the postage stamp, it was difficult to send a letter to another country. The sender paid for the letter to travel in his or her own country.Then the person in the other country paid for the rest of the trip. If a letter crossed several countries, the problem was worse.Rowland Hill, a British teacher, had the idea of a postage stamp with glue on the back. The British post office made the first stamps in 1840. They were the Penny Black and the Twopence Blue. A person bought a stamp and put it on a letter. The post office delivered the letter. When people received letters, they didn't have to pay anything. The postage was prepaid.Postage stamps became popular in Great Britain immediately. Other countries started making their own postage stamps very quickly.There were still problems with international mail. Some countries did not want to accept letters with stamps from other countries. Finally, in 1874, a German organized the Universal Postal Union (UPU). Each country in the UPU agreed to accept letters with prepaid postage from the other members. Today, the offices of the UPU are in Switzerland. Almost every country in the world is a member of this organization. It takes care of any international mail problems.Today, post offices in every country sell beautiful stamps. Collecting stamps is one of the most popular hobbies in the world, and every stamp collector knows about the Penny Black and the Twopence Blue.(250 words)3 Pencils and PensNo one knows who invented pencils or when it happened. A Swiss described a pencil in a book in 1565. He said it was a piece of wood with lead inside it. (Lead is a very heavy, soft, dark gray metal.) Pencils weren't popular, and people continued to write with pens. They used bird feathers as pens.Then, in 1795, someone started making pencils from graphite, and they became very popular. Graphite is like coal. (Coal is black, and we burn it for heat and energy.) Today, people make pencils in the same way. They grind the graphite, make it into the shape of a stick, and bake it. Then they put it inside a piece of wood. One pencil can write 50,000 English words or make a line 55 kilometers long.People wrote with feather pens and then used pens with metal points. They had to dip the point into ink after every few letters. Next, someone invented a fountain pen that could hold ink inside it. A fountain pen can write several pages before you have to fill it again.Two Hungarian brothers, Ladislao and Georg Biro, invented the ballpoint pen.They left Hungary and started making ballpoint pens in England in 1943, during World War II. English pilots liked the pens. They couldn't write with fountain pens in airplanes because the ink leaked out. Later, a French company called Bic bought the Biros' company.Some people call ballpoint pens "Bics." Australians call them "biros." Whatever we call them, we use them every day.(256 words)4 The UmbrellaThe umbrella is a very ordinary object. It keeps the rain and the sun off people.Most umbrellas fold up, so it is easy to carry them.However, the umbrella has not always been an ordinary object. In the past, it was a sign of royalty or importance. Some African tribes still use umbrellas in this way.Someone carries an umbrella and walks behind the king or important person.Umbrellas are very old. The Chinese had them more than 3,000 years ago. From there, umbrellas traveled to India, Persia, and Egypt. In Greece and Rome, men wouldn't use them. They believed umbrellas were only for women.When the Spanish explorers went to Mexico, they saw the Aztec kings using umbrellas. English explorers saw Native American princes carrying umbrellas on the east coast of North America. It seems that people in different parts of the world invented umbrellas at different times.England was probably the first country in Europe where ordinary people used umbrellas against the rain. England has a rainy climate, and umbrellas are very useful there.Everybody uses umbrellas today. The next time you carry one, remember that for centuries only great men and women used them. Perhaps you are really a king or queen, a princess or prince.(210 words)5 The Metric SystemPeople all over the world use grams, kilograms (kilos), meters, and liters. These are all ways to measure things. They are all part of the metric system.During the French Revolution (1789-1799) against the king, the revolutionary government started the metric system. Before that, every part of France had a different system for measuring things. Also, cloth makers measured cloth with one system. Jewelers used another system. Carpenters used another. Other countries used different systems. The revolutionary government wanted one scientific system of measurement. They asked a group of scientists and mathematicians to invent a system.The mathematicians and scientists decided to use the numbers ten, hundred, and thousand for their system.Next, they had to decide on a "natural" length. They chose one ten-millionth (1/ 10,000,000) of the distance from the equator to the North Pole. They called this distance the meter. Then they chose the gram for weighing things. A cubic centimeter of water weighs 1 gram.Mathematicians and scientists worked for 20 years until they finally had a complete measuring system. The biggest problem was measuring the meter.The metric system was a wonderful gift to the world. There are only a few countries that don't use it. The United States is one. The metric system is truly an international system.(214 words)6 Thai BoxingBoxing is popular in many countries. Two fighters wear boxing gloves on their hands. The boxers hit each other until one is knocked out or until the final bell rings.Each part of the fight is three minutes long. It is called a round.Thai boxing is different.The boxing match begins with music. Then the two fighters kneel and pray to God. Next, they do a slow dance that copies the movements of Thai boxing. During this dance, each fighter tries to show the other that he is best.Then the fight begins. In Thai boxing, the fighters can kick with their feet and hit each other with their elbows and knees. Of course, they hit with their hands, too.Each round is three minutes long. Then the boxers have a two-minute rest. Most boxers can fight only five rounds because this kind of fighting is very difficult.Thai boxing began over 500 years ago. If a soldier lost his weapons in a battle, he needed to fight with just his body. The soldiers learned how to use all the parts of their bodies. In 1560, the Burmese army captured Naresuen, the King of Thailand, in a war. King Naresuen was a very good boxer. He won his freedom from Burma by defeating all the best Burmese fighters. When he returned to Thailand, his people were very proud of him. Thai boxing became a popular sport.(237 words)7 Sumo WrestlingSumo wrestling is a national sport in Japan. Every year there are six tournaments,and millions of Japanese watch them on television. A tournament is a series of matches.Sumo is almost as old as the nation of Japan itself. Stories say that there was sumo wrestling over 2,000 years ago. There are written records of national sumo tournaments in the 8th century.In many sports, athletes are thin and can move very quickly. However, sumo wrestlers weigh from 100 to 160 kilos (kilograms). One famous wrestler weighed 195kilos. Sumo wrestlers do not move quickly, and sumo wrestling is a very slow sport.Sumo wrestlers start training when they are boys. They exercise to make their bodies strong. They also eat a lot.They wrestle in a round ring with a sand floor. A wrestler loses the match if he leaves the ring. He is also the loser if any part of his body except his feet touches the floor. Each wrestler tries to push the other down on the floor or out of the ring.Sometimes one wrestler just steps aside when the other wrestler rushes toward him.Then, the wrestler who is rushing falls down or moves out of the ring.Sumo is not very popular in other countries, but the Japanese think that it is a very exciting sport.(223 words)8Tarahumara Foot RacesThe Tarahumara live in the mountains in the state of Chihuahua in northern Mexico. This is an area of high mountains and deep tropical valleys. It sometimes snows in the mountains in winter. There are not many roads.The Tarahumara walk wherever they need to go. They carry heavy baskets on their backs. Perhaps this is why the Tarahumara can run many kilometers without getting tired. They are excellent runners, and they like to organize races.When the men race,they kick a wooden ball ahead of them while they run. Before they start racing, they plan where and how long they will run. They might run just a few minutes, or they might run for several hours. Sometimes they run in teams, and sometimes each person runs as an individual.The women's races are similar except that the women do not kick a ball. They throw a wooden hoop in front of them with a stick. A hoop is a ring, or a circle.The Tarahumara play other games and sports. However, they are famous because they can run so fast and so far.(185 words)9 Olympic SportsThe first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens, Greece, in the year 1896.Athletes from only 13 countries participated in the Games that year. They competed in 43 different events in just 9 sports (track and field, swimming, cycling, fencing,gymnastics, shooting, tennis, weight lifting, and wrestling). In 2004, the summer Olympic Games took place once again in Athens, Greece. This time athletes from 202 countries competed in 300 events in 28 sports.Only five sports have been in every Olympic Games. They are track and field,swimming, fencing, cycling, and gymnastics. Other sports come and go in the Olympic Games. For example, tennis was an Olympic sport from 1896 until 1924.Then it disappeared from the Olympics until 1988. Baseball, badminton, and taekwondo are more recent additions to the Olympic Games.It is the job of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to add and remove sports from the Olympic Games. A sport has to be popular in at least 50 countries on three continents before it can be added. However, the IOC doesn't want to add more sports to the Olympic Games without eliminating others. The IOC is afraid that there will be too many sports in the Olympics.Artistic events were also a part of the Olympic Games from 1912 to 1948. There were contests in architecture, music, literature, and painting. Today some people think that artistic events and games such as chess should be part of the Olympics.However, many people oppose this idea.The Olympic Games today are very different from the first modern Olympic Games in 1896. These differences reflect the changing definition and popularity of sports.(273 words)10 Great AthletesYou might think that Olympic athletes are the healthiest people in the world. It's true that many are. However, it's also true that quite a few Olympic athletes had to overcome illnesses early in their lives.One excellent example is Wilma Rudolph. She competed in track-and-field events in the 1960 Olympics. She didn't win just one gold medal. She won three. At the time, people called her "the fastest woman in the world."As a young child, Wilma Rudolph could not participate in sports. She had a series of serious illnesses, and then, at the age of 4, she got polio. She lost the use of her left leg, and the doctors said she would never walk again.The people in Rudolph's family did everything they could to help her walk again.Wilma and her mother frequently traveled 100 miles to get treatments for her leg. Her brothers and sisters took turns giving her leg a daily massage. Four times a day, they helped her do special exercises for her leg. Amazingly, by the time Rudolph was 9years old, she was able to walk again. Before long, she started playing basketball and running. In high school, she was a track star, and then she went to the Olympics.Wilma Rudolph retired from her career as a runner when she was 22 years old.She then became a teacher and track coach. Her story encouraged many people to work hard and to overcome difficulties.(244 words)11The Puffer FishMost people avoid eating dangerous foods. They don't want to get sick. However,there is one food that can be deadly, yet some people eat it on purpose. It's called the puffer fish.This kind of fish, called fugu in Japanese, lives in the Pacific Ocean. Some people die every year from eating fugu. In fact, the Emperor of Japan is not allowed to touch it. Why? Well, the insides of the puffer fish are very poisonous. They contain a poison 275 times more powerful than the deadly poison cyanide.Usually nothing bad happens when fugu is on a restaurant's menu. Customers feel great after the meal. That's because chefs are trained to remove the insides of the puffer fish before they give it to customers. If they miss even a small amount, the fish is not safe to eat.Puffer fish is very expensive. A plate of fugu costs more than $200 in some restaurants in Tokyo. Besides being dangerous to eat, the fish is very ugly, with spines all over its body. Also, it can puff, or blow, itself up to double its normal size.Why do the Japanese risk so much for such an ugly and dangerous fish? Well, some people like taking risks. And fugu tastes wonderful.(211 words)12 Foods from Around the WorldFoods that are well known to you may not be familiar to people from other countries. Tourists and other travelers almost always get to try some unfamiliar food.That is part of the fun of traveling. Here are four people's experiences with foreign food.Shao Wong is a student in France. He comes from China. "I never had cheese or even milk before I came to France. Cattle are rare in my part of China, so there are no dairy products. I drank some milk when I first arrived in France. I hated it ! I tried cheese, too, but I didn't like it. I love ice cream, though, and that's made from milk."Birgit is from Sweden. She traveled to Australia on vacation. "I was in a restaurant that specialized in fish, and I heard some other customers order flake. So I ordered some, too, and it was delicious. Later, I found out that flake is an Australian term for shark. Now, whenever I see a new food, I try it on purpose. You know why? I remember how much I enjoyed flake."Chandra is a dentist in Texas. She is from India. "I'm afraid to try new foods because they might contain beef. I'm a Hindu, and my religion forbids me to eat meat from the cow. That's why I can't eat hamburgers or spaghetti with meatballs."Nathan is from the United States. He taught for a year in China. "My friends gave me some 100-year-old eggs to eat. I didn't like their appearance at all. The eggs were green inside, but my friends said the color was normal. The Chinese put chemicals on fresh eggs. Then they bury them in the earth for three months. So the eggs weren't really very old. Even so, I didn't want to touch them."Life in a new country can be scary, but it also can be fun. Would you eat a 100-year-old egg? Would you order shark in a restaurant?(328 words)13 ChocolateWe think of chocolate as something sweet. However, a long time ago, people thought of chocolate as something very bitter. For us, chocolate is a candy, but once it was a medicine. Today, chocolate can be a hot drink, a frozen dessert, or just a snack.Sometimes it's an ingredient in the main course of a meal. Mexicans make a hot chocolate sauce called mole and pour it over chicken. The Mexicans also eat chocolate with spices like chili peppers.Chocolate is a product of the tropical cacao tree. Cacao beans taste so bitter that even monkeys say "ugh!" and run away. The word chocolate comes from a Mayan word. The Mayas were an ancient people who once lived in Mexico. They valued the cacao tree. Some of the Mayas used cacao beans for money, while others ground them to make a bitter drink.When the Spaniards came to Mexico in the 16th century, they started drinking cacao, too. Because the drink was strong and bitter, they thought it was a medicine.When the Spaniards took the drink back to Europe, people discovered that sugar removed the bitter taste of cacao. Wealthy Spaniards heated the sweet drink and thought that it was good for their health.In the 19th century, an English company made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate. Now people could both drink and eat chocolate. Later, a Swiss company mixed milk and chocolate together. People liked the taste of milk chocolate even better.Besides the chocolate candy bar, one of the most popular American snacks is the chocolate-chip cookie. Favorite desserts are chocolate cream pie and, of course, an ice cream sundae with hot fudge sauce.(280 words)14 The Blue RevolutionThe population of the world is increasing rapidly. By 2020, there could be 7.5billion people on earth. Will there be enough food for all these people, or will we have a food shortage? Some scientists think fish farming could solve this problem.However, other scientists worry that fish farming could cause serious environmental problems.Fish farming is not a new thing. There were fish farms in China 3,000 years ago.Today, about one-third of the fish we eat comes from fish farms.Most fish farms raise plant-eating fish. Popular kinds of plant-eating fish are carp,tilapia, and catfish. Unfortunately, many fish farms are starting to raise meat-eating fish. A popular type of meat-eating fish is salmon. These meat-eating fish live on processed food made from wild fish. However, it takes up to 5 tons of wild fish to produce just 1 ton of farm-raised salmon. The supply of wild fish is already decreasing. Eventually, many types of wild fish could become extinct. What will we do then?Critics of fish farming also say that farm-raised fish is unhealthy for humans.They say the fish contains dangerous chemicals. They also criticize fish farming because it pollutes the water. Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish.Some people say that the farming methods being used now won't produce enough fish anyway. Instead of putting fish farms in lakes or near the coast, they say that the fish farms should be moved far out into the ocean. Several countries are already experimenting with deep-ocean farms. In the future, fish farms might be large cages that move across the ocean.Like most things, there is both a good and a bad side to fish farming. Fish farming may help to feed millions of people.At the same time, however, fish farming may damage the environment.(307 words)15 Twenty-One Days Without FoodWhy would someone decide to stop eating? We know that the body needs food in order to function well. However, many people fast at some time during their lives.Why is this?Some people fast for political reasons. In the early 20th century, women in England and the United States weren't allowed to vote. In protest, many women went on fasts. They hoped that fasting would bring attention to this injustice. Mohandas Gandhi, the famous Indian leader, fasted 17 times during his life. For Gandhi, fasting was a powerful political tool. In 1943, he fasted to bring attention to his country's need for independence. For 21 days, he went without food. Another famous faster was Cesar Chavez. In the 1960s, he fasted for three weeks. Why? His goal was to bring attention to the terrible working conditions of farm workers in the United States.Fasting is also a spiritual practice in many religions. Every year during the month of Ramadan, which is a religious holiday, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. Many Hindus fast on special occasions, as do some Christians and Buddhists.Of course, not everyone fasts for political or religious reasons. Some people occasionally fast just because it makes them feel better. The American writer Mark Twain thought fasting was the best medicine for common illnesses. Whenever he had a cold or a fever, he stopped eating completely. He said that this always made his cold or fever go away. Another American writer, Upton Sinclair, discovered fasting after years of overeating, indigestion, and headaches. His first fast lasted for 12 days.During this time, his headaches and stomachaches went away.Sinclair said that fasting also made him more alert and energetic.Choosing to go without food can be very dangerous. However, that doesn't stop people from fasting for political, religious, or health reasons.(305 words)16 The Marie CelesteThere are many stories about the ocean. One of the strangest is a true story about a sailing ship. It is a mystery even today.In 1872, the Marie Celeste started on a trip across the Atlantic Ocean with a crew of ten people.Sometime later, the captain of another ship, the Dei Gratia, saw the Marie Celeste. There was something strange about its appearance. The captain called out, but there was no answer. The Marie Celeste seemed deserted.When the captain went to inspect the ship, no one came to meet him. He knew something was wrong, but there were no signs of violence. Nothing was missing, and there was no damage to the ship's instruments. And strangely enough, there was food on the table. Where was everyone? Did the crew jump from the Marie Celeste? Or did something come up from the ocean and take the captain and crew away?The captain of the Dei Gratia looked around for clues. The last entry in the Marie Celeste's diary was ten days earlier. However, the food on the table was only a few days old. Someone was on the ship a few days before, but they didn't write anything in the ship's diary. Why?There were many different explanations for the mystery of the Marie Celeste.Some people thought that a huge octopus ate the crew. Others said bad weather carried them away. A few people believed that the Marie Celeste was under a curse,because it sank on a later voyage. Now that the Marie Celeste lies somewhere at the bottom of the ocean, no one can ever solve the mystery.(274 words)17 The Roanoke SettlementOnly a few Europeans lived in North America in the 16th century. Most of them settled on the northeast coast. In 1587, a small group of about 100 people decided to 11/20go south. They moved to the small island of Roanoke. That area later became part of the state of North Carolina.Unfortunately, the Roanoke settlers weren't well prepared. They didn't have enough food for the winter, and there wasn't enough grain for future crops. Their leader, Captain White, decided to sail back to England to get supplies. However,there was a war in Europe, and three years passed before he returned to North America.When Captain White came back to Roanoke in 1590, he was eager to see the settlers. He looked out from his ship, but no one was there to meet him. There were no signs of life. The settlement was deserted.No one knows why the Roanoke settlers disappeared. Many people thought that hostile Native Americans killed them, but there were no signs of a fight. Some thought that the settlers died from hunger or disease, but they couldn't explain the absence of bodies.Many years later, more settlers came to North Carolina. One of them met a Native American group called the Lumbee. They were unusual looking compared to the black-haired, brown-eyed Native Americans in the north. Some Lumbee had blonde hair and gray eyes. Then he listened to their speech and almost fell off his horse.They seemed to speak an odd kind of English!He asked where they were from. None of them knew, but they said that their grandparents "talked from a book." Did they mean that their grandparents were able to read? As he rode back home,he asked himself a question: Were the Lumbee people the descendants of the Roanoke settlers?People are still asking the identical question. Because there are no written records,we can't be certain. However, there is one interesting fact. Today, some of the Lumbee people have names like Sampson, Dare, and Cooper. They are identical to the names of the vanished settlers ofRoanoke Island.(350 words)18 The Easter Island StatuesWhen the first sailing ship came to Easter Island in 1722 the captain and crew were afraid to land. They saw giants looking down at them from the high cliffs. The giants didn't move, so the ship slowly moved closer. Finally, the sailors realized that the giants were statues. Who made these huge statues? How did they get there?Easter Island is a very small island in the Pacific Ocean. It is more than 2,000miles from the nearest continent (South America). It is one of the most isolated places on earth.The biggest statue on Easter Island is over 60 feet high and weighs over 100 tons.There are hundreds of smaller ones, about 15 feet high. All of the statues are made of stone, and some wear stone hats. Their faces are solemn and unsmiling.Earlier inhabitants of Easter Island made the statues from the rocks in a volcanic crater. Next, they had to move the statues a long distance. In some cases, they moved the statues to locations more than ten miles away.No one knows for certain how the inhabitants were able to move the statues. Some scientists say that palm trees grew on Easter Island in the past. They think the inhabitants cut the trees down and placed the heavy statues on the trees. Then groups of 70 or more people rolled the statues to their present locations. Other scientists disagree with this theory because there are no palm trees on the island today. More important, the purpose of the statues is still a mystery. Was the purpose of the statues to prevent strangers from landing on the island?The result, however, has been the opposite. Large groups of eager people come to look at the statues. Easter Island now has a modern airport, and people come from all over the world to visit.。
中学生百科英语1-U4-L4-Country-Western Music
Unit 4 MusicLesson 4 Country-Western MusicCountry-western music is very old. It came from the United States, Canada, Ireland, and Great Britain. Country-western music is a mixture of music from all of these places.In the American West, cowboys had to take care of the cattle. They had to watch them all day and all night because the cattle were nervous and sometimes ran away. A cowboy's life was lonely and dangerous. When he was alone with the cattle, he drank strong coffee to stay awake at night. He also sang music to the cattle to calm them. He sang about the stars and the moon, about his family and his friends. The cattle listened to the cowboy and went to sleep. They did not run away if he sang beautiful, peaceful music.The cowboys also sang music when they traveled to town to relax and have a good time. Sometimes they played either guitars or harmonicas. Later they used violins and other instruments.In the American South, many people came from Ireland, Scotland, and England. Other people came from French Canada. They enjoyed their own kind of music. They used guitars, violins, and harmonicas, too. They also added instruments from their homes, like bottles, cans, and spoons. When they visited their friends and families on holidays like Thanksgiving, they usually sang and played country music.Country-western music describes life. It talks about love, jobs, home, and money. People in many parts of the world like country-western music because everyone knows something about these ideas. Also, many fans of this music wear western clothes and dance together to country-western music. Many bands all over the world now perform country-western music. (274 words)➢Read the text and answer the following questions:1.Where did country-western music come from?2.Why did cowboys have to watch the cattle all day and all night?3.What instruments do people in the American South use to play country-western music?4.What does country-western music talk about?➢Read paragraph 2 & 3 and complete the mind map.their livesin the American West cowboys time they sangVocabulary① Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.1. When he was __________ with the cattle, he drank strong coffee to stay awake at night.2. When they __________ their friends and families on holidays like Thanksgiving, they usually sang and played country music.3. They also added instruments from their homes, like _________, _________ and spoons.4. Cowboys had to take care of the _________________.5. A cowboy's life was lonely and __________________.6. Sometimes they played ________________ guitars or harmonicas.7. He also sang music to the cattle to ____________ them.8. They did not run away if he sang beautiful, _____________ music.9. Later they used __________ and other instruments.② Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for cords in the text.1. It is _____________ to drive a car on icy roads.2. You can buy vegetables and soup in _____________.3. You can buy orange juice in cans and ______________.4. Those children ________________ their grandparents every week.5. When a war ends, the countries are ______________.6. ______________ are mammals.7. Some people do not like to be ________________.8. Mario wants to study _________ the guitar or the ________________.9. Sometimes classical music ______________ animals and people.单词默写:危险的 平静的 或者,要么 牛罐 独自的 访问 小提琴 乡村 使镇定翻译句子:1.别紧张，你必须先冷静下来。
中学生百科英语1-U1-L4
U1-Animal : Lesson 4 - The HippopotamusThe hippopotamus, or hippo, lives in the hot part of Africa. It is a mammal. That is, its babies are born alive, and they drink milk from the mother's body.The hippopotamus is a large animal. It weighs four tons. Its stomach is seven meters long, and it eats only plants. It is a mammal, but it spends a lot of time in the water.During the day, it sleeps beside a river or a lake. Sometimes it wakes up. Then it goes under the water to get some plants for food. It can close its nose and stay under water for ten minutes. Its ears, eyes, and nose are high up on its head. It can stay with its body under the water and only its ears, eyes, and nose above the water.Then it can breathe the air.At night, the hippo walks on the land and looks for food. It never goes very far from the water.A baby hippo often stands on its mother's back. The mother looks for food underwater. The baby rides on her back above the water. (184 words)中学生百科英语1-第一单元Animal 1。
中学生百科英语第一册
中学生百科英语第一册Unit1 Lesson 1（01）The kiwiThe kiwi lives only in New Zealand. It is a very strange bird because it cannot fly. The kiwi is the same size as a chicken. It has no wings or tail. It does not have feathers like other birds. Its feathers look like hair. Each foot has four toes. Its beak is very long.A kiwi likes to have a lot of trees around it. It sleeps during the day because the sunlight hurts its eyes. It can smell things very well. It smells things betterthan most birds do. The kiwi’s eggs arevery big.There are only a few kiwis in the New Zealand now. People do not often see them. The government says that people cannot kill kiwis. New Zealanders want their kiwis to live.There is a picture of kiwi on New Zealand money. People from New Zealand are sometimes called “kiwis”(147 words)Unit1 Lesson 2（02）The CamelThe camel can go without water for a long time. Some people think it store water inits hump.This is not true. It stores food in its hump. The camel’s body changes the food into fat. Then it stores the fat into its hump. It doesn’t store the fat all over its body. Fat all over an animal’s body keeps the animal warm. Camels live in the desert. They do not want to be warm during the day.The desert is very hot. The camel gets hotter and hotterduring the day. It stores the heat in its body because the nights are cool.The Arabian camel has one hump. TheBactrian camel of Central Asia has two humps.It also has long, thick hair because winters are cold in Centre Asia.There is a lot of sand in the desert. The camel has long eyelashes. The eyelashes keep the sand out of the camel’s eyes.Arabic has about 150 words to describe a camel. Many people who speak Arabic need all these words because the camel is very important to them.(185 words)Unit1 Lesson 3（03）The Polar BearThe polar bear is a very big white bear. We call it the polar bear because it lives inside the Arctic Circle near the North Pole. There are no polar bears at the South Pole.The polar bear lives in the snow and ice. At the North Pole, there is only snow, ice, and water. There is not any land. People cannot see the polar bear in the snow very well because its coat is yellow-white. It has a very warm coat because the weather is cold north of the Arctic Circle.This bear is three meters long, and it weighs450 kilos(kilograms). It can stand up on its back legs because it has very wide feet. It can use its front legs like arms. The polar bear can swim very well. It can swim 120 kilometers out into the water. It catches fish and sea animals for food. It goes into the sea when it is afraid.Some people want to kill the polar bear for its beautiful white coat. The governments of the United States and Russia say thatno one can kill polar bears now. They do not wantall of these beautiful animals to die.(200 words)Unit1 Lesson 4（04）The HippopotamusThe hippopotamus, or hippo, lives in the hot part of Africa. It is a mammal. That is, its babies are born alive, and they drink milk from the mother's body. The hippopotamus is a large animal. It weighs four tons. Its stomach is seven meters long, and it eats only plants. It is a mammal, but it spends a lot of time in the water.During the day, it sleeps beside a river or a lake. Sometimes it wakes up. Then it goes under the water to get some plants for food. It can close its nose and stay under water for ten minutes. Its ears, eyes, and nose are high up on its head. It can stay with its body under the water and only its ears, eyes, and nose above the water. Then it can breathe the air.At night, the hippo walks on the land and looks for food. It never goes very far from the water.A baby hippo often stands on its mother’s back. The mother looks for food underwater. The baby rides on her back above the water.(184 words)Unit1 Lesson 5（05）The DolphinCan dolphins talk Maybe they can't talk with words, but they talk with sounds. They show their feelings with sounds.Dolphins travel in a group. We call a group of fish a "school." They don't study, but they travel together.Dolphins are mammals, not fish, but they swim together in a school.Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. They give information. They tell when they are happy or sad or afraid. They say "Welcome" when a dolphin comes back to the school. They talk when they play.They make a few sounds above water. They make many more sounds under water. People cannot hear these sounds because the sounds are very, very high. Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them.Sometimes people catch dolphins for a large aquarium.(An aquarium is a zoo for fish.) People can watch the dolphins in a show. Dolphins don't like to be away from their school in an aquarium. They are sad and lonely.There are many stories about dolphins. They help people. Sometimes they save somebody's life. Dolphin meat is good, but people don't like to kill them. They say that dolphins bring good luck. Many people believe this.(201 words)。
中学生百科英语1-U4-L5-Latin Music and Salsa
Unit 4 MusicLesson 5 Latin Music and SalsaLatin music is very common in countries where people speak Spanish or Portuguese. However, people all over the world can enjoy it. This music comes from Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. Salsa is one kind of Latin music. Big cities like Miami, New York, San Juan, Havana, and Panama City have their own kinds of salsa.Latin music is a mixture of European music and African music. It has a strong beat. Many years ago, people played Latin music mostly on guitars with drums, but now whole orchestras with lots of other instruments play it. Composers of Latin music express their feelings in their music. Sometimes they are very happy, and sometimes they are sad. Ruben Blades and Juan Luis Guerra are two famous modern Latin American composers. They perform their own music with their own orchestras. Beat orchestras cards while roast bake oven tastesPeople play salsa and other Latin music at home or when they visit their friends. Sometimes salsa fans play cards in the afternoon or at night on weekends or holidays while they listen to Latin music. Some people bring guitars and play them while they sing. The other people relax and enjoy the music, but they don't stop playing cards. They roast or bake food in the oven or fry it on top of the stove in oil. When the food is ready, they stop playing cards. They listen to the music while they eat. The food tastes good.People who dance enjoy Latin music because it is easy to dance to. The beat is very strong. Dancers can move their whole bodies. They can dance alone or with someone. Other people enjoy listening to Latin music. Usually the words are in Spanish or Portuguese, but sometimes they are in English or another language. Many Latin songs have beautiful words, but if a person does not understand them, it is not important. A person can still enjoy the music. The sound is international. (323 words)Task I Read and answer the questions below.1.Where does Latin music come from?2.What is Salsa?3.Will people play salsa and other Latin music at home or when they visit their friends?4.Why do people who dance enjoy Latin music?5.In which language are the Latin songs written?Task II Read paragraph 2 and fill in the chart.Task III Vocabulary① Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.1. Sometimes salsa fans play ________ in the afternoon or at night on weekends or holidays ________ they listen to Latin music.2. Latin music is very __________ in countries where people speak Spanish or Portuguese.3. They ________ or _______ food in the ________ or ________ it on top of the stove in oil.4. The food ____________ good.5. It has a strong ________________.6. The sound is _________________.7. Many years ago, people playedLatin music mostly on guitars with drums, but now whole _______________ with lots of other instruments play it. 8. However, people all over the world can _________ it.②Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text 1. Rita usually listens to music _________ she studies. 2. Carmen _______ a chocolate cake yesterday. 3. Many people _____________ playing soccer. 4. Do you know how to play ____________?5. Sometimes we _________ meat in oil on top of the stove. We bake or _______ food in the ______.6. There is a dance tomorrow night for the __________ students.7. Rock and roll fans enjoy the __________ of the music.8. Classical music is ____________ all over the world. 9. Chocolate cake ______________ better than grass.Task IV WordsTask V Translate the sentences.1. 我真的很喜欢这次的聚会，因为我们品尝了美味的蛋糕，玩了纸牌。
中学生百科英语1-U1-L2
U1-Animal : Lesson 2 - The CamelThe camel can go without water for a long time.Some people think it stores water in its hump. This is not true. It stores food in its hump. The camel's body changes the food into fat. Then the fat is stored in the hump. A camel cannot store the fat all over its body.Fat all over an animal's body keeps the animal warm.Camels live in the desert. They do not want to be warm during the day.The desert is very hot. The camel gets hotter and hotter during the day. It stores this heat in its body because the nights are cool.The Arabian camel has one hump. The Bactrian camel of Central Asia has two humps. It also has long, thick hair, because the winters are cold in Central Asia.There is a lot of sand in the desert. The camel has long eyelashes. The eyelashes keep the sand out of the camel's eyes.Arabic has about 150 words to describe a camel.Many people who speak Arabic need all these words because the camel is very important to them.(185 words)中学生百科英语1-第一单元Animal 1。
中学生百科英语1第2单元第二课到第4单元第一课文章翻译
中学生百科英语1第2单元第二课到第4单元第一课文章翻译Lesson 1 Music and Behavior昨天你去哪了？你听到这些地方的音乐吗？有一个很好的改变，你没有。
今天，大多数商店和餐厅播放音乐。
你甚至可以在办公室或听到一个农家乐。
科学家认为，音乐影响人们的行为。
根据一些科学家，西方古典音乐（莫扎特，巴赫）的声音使人感到更加富裕。
当餐厅演奏古典音乐，人们花费在食物和饮料更多的钱。
当餐馆播放现代音乐，人们花更少的钱。
没有背景音乐，人们花费更少。
科学家们还认为，大声，快节奏的音乐让人们吃更快。
实际上人们咀嚼食物时更快的音乐变快。
有些餐馆在繁忙时间播放快节奏的音乐。
这让人们吃的快，赶快离开。
餐馆可以赚更多的钱这种方式。
一些科学家认为，音乐让你更好地思考和学习。
他们说，音乐可以帮助学生提高警觉。
诚然，人们学得更好时，心情很轻松。
而听音乐能帮助你放松。
下次你听到音乐的地方，要小心。
它可能改变你的行为举止。
Lesson 2 Blues and Jazz来自欧洲和美国人民作为奴隶的非洲人和美洲之前，在十九世纪。
这些非洲人带来了他们的音乐。
之后，美国南北战争（1861-1865），在美国非洲裔美国人不是奴隶。
他们的非裔美国人音乐名声大振。
它起源于南方，在路易斯安那州和密西西比州。
然后前往北方。
这成为了蓝调音乐，然后爵士乐。
布鲁斯和爵士乐变得非常在二十世纪流行。
当一个人唱蓝调感到伤心。
通常情况下，他或她失去了一些东西- 一个人或者金钱或工作。
布鲁斯表示哀伤的情绪有时在一个有趣的方式。
只有一个人玩或两台仪器蓝调第一，例如，吉他，口琴，有时一个钢琴。
有时他们唱没有任何工具。
一些著名音乐家的忧郁在贝西史密斯，约翰李胡克，和BB King。
爵士队来到后不久，布鲁斯。
作曲家增加了更多的乐器。
爵士可以更快乐，而且往往更快。
一些著名的爵士乐音乐家艾灵顿公爵，路易斯阿姆斯特朗，迈尔斯戴维斯和温顿马萨利斯。
音乐家谁玩布鲁斯和爵士音乐的变化来显示自己的情绪。
中学生百科英语第一册
Unit1 Lesson 1（01）The kiwiThe kiwi lives only in New Zealand. It is a very strange bird because it cannot fly. The kiwi is the same size as a chicken. It has no wings or tail. It does not have feathers like other birds. Its feathers look like hair. Each foot has four toes. Its beak is very long.A kiwi likes to have a lot of trees around it. It sleeps during the day because the sunlight hurts its eyes. It can smell things very well. It smells things betterthan most birds do. The kiwi’s eggs arevery big.There are only a few kiwis in the New Zealand now. People do not often see them. The government says that people cannot kill kiwis. New Zealanders want their kiwis to live.There is a picture of kiwi on New Zealand money. People from New Zealand are sometimes called “kiwis”(147 words)Unit1 Lesson 2（02）The CamelThe camel can go without water for a long time. Some people think it store water inits hump.This is not true. It stores food in its hump. The camel’s body changes the food into fat. Then it stores the fat into its hump. It doesn’t store the fat all over its body. Fat all over an animal’s body keeps the animal warm. Camels live in the desert. They do not want to be warm during the day.The desert is very hot. The camel gets hotter and hotter during the day. It stores the heat in its body because the nights are cool.The Arabian camel has one hump. TheBactrian camel of Central Asia has two humps.It also has long, thick hair because winters are cold in Centre Asia.There is a lot of sand in the desert. The camel has long eyelashes. The eyelashes keep the sand out of the camel’s eyes.Arabic has about 150 words to describe a camel. Many people who speak Arabic need all these words because the camel is very important to them.(185 words)Unit1 Lesson 3（03）The Polar BearThe polar bear is a very big white bear. We call it the polar bear because it lives inside the Arctic Circle near the North Pole. There are no polar bears at the South Pole.The polar bear lives in the snow and ice. At the North Pole, there is only snow, ice, and water. There is not any land. People cannot see the polar bear in the snow very well because its coat is yellow-white. It has a very warm coat because the weather is cold north of the Arctic Circle.This bear is three meters long, and it weighs450 kilos(kilograms). It can stand up on its back legs because it has very wide feet. It can use its front legs like arms. The polarbear can swim very well. It can swim 120 kilometers out into the water. It catches fish and sea animals for food. It goes into the sea when it is afraid.Some people want to kill the polar bear for its beautiful white coat. The governments of the United States and Russia say that no one can kill polar bears now. They do not wantall of these beautiful animals to die.(200 words)Unit1 Lesson 4（04）The HippopotamusThe hippopotamus, or hippo, lives in the hot part of Africa. It is a mammal. That is, its babies are born alive, and they drink milk from the mother's body. The hippopotamus is a large animal. It weighs four tons. Its stomach is seven meters long, and it eats only plants. It is a mammal, but it spends a lot of time in the water.During the day, it sleeps beside a river or a lake. Sometimes it wakes up. Then it goes under the water to get some plants for food. It can close its nose and stay under water for ten minutes. Its ears, eyes, and nose are high up on its head. It can stay with its body under the water and only its ears, eyes, and nose above the water. Then it can breathe the air.At night, the hippo walks on the land and looks for food. It never goes very far from the water.A baby hippo often stands on its mother’s back. The mother looks for food underwater. The baby rides on her back above the water.(184 words)Unit1 Lesson 5（05）The DolphinCan dolphins talk Maybe they can't talk with words, but they talk with sounds. They show their feelings with sounds.Dolphins travel in a group. We call a group of fish a "school." They don't study, but they travel together.Dolphins are mammals, not fish, but they swim together in a school.Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. They give information. They tell when they are happy or sad or afraid. They say "Welcome" when a dolphin comes back to the school. They talk when they play.They make a few sounds above water. They make many more sounds under water. People cannot hear these sounds because the sounds are very, very high. Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them.Sometimes people catch dolphins for a large aquarium.(An aquarium is a zoo for fish.) People can watch the dolphins in a show. Dolphins don't like to be away from their school in an aquarium. They are sad and lonely.There are many stories about dolphins. They help people. Sometimes they save somebody's life. Dolphin meat is good, but people don't like to kill them. They say that dolphins bring good luck. Many people believe this.(201 words)。
中学生百科英语1-U4-L2-Blues and Jazz
Unit 4 MusicLesson 2 Blues and JazzPeople from Europe and America brought Africans to America as slaves before and during the nineteenth century. These Africans brought their music with them. After the American Civil War (1861-1865), the African American people in the United States were not slaves. Their African American music became famous. It started in the South, in Louisiana and Mississippi. Then it traveled to the North. This music became the blues and then jazz.Blues and jazz became very popula r in the twentieth century. A person who "sings the blues" feels sad. Usually he or she lost something-a person, or maybe money or a job. Blues songs express sad feelings, sometimes in a funny way. People played the blues first with only one or two instruments, for example, a guitar, a harmonica, or sometimes a piano. Sometimes they sang without any instruments. Some famous blues musicians and singers are Bessie Smith, John Lee Hooker, and BB King, BB King named his guitar “Lucille”.Jazz came soon after blues. Composers added more music musical instruments. Jazz can be happier than the blues and is often faster. Some famous jazz musicians are Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, and Wynton Marsalis.Musicians who play blues and jazz change the music to express their feelings. They play the music differently each time. People all over the world still like to listen to blues and jazz.(230 words)➢Read paragraph 1 and answer the following questions:1.When did people from Europe and America brought Africans to America as slaves?2.When did African American music become famous?3.Where did African American music travel?➢Read paragraph 2&3 and fill in the chart.Vocabulary①Put the right cord in each blank. The sentences are from the text.1. This music became _____________ and then ______________.2. People from Europe and America brought Africans to America as _____________ before and during the nineteenth ___________.3. Blues and jazz became very ______________ in the 20th century.4. People played blues first with only one or two _____________, for example, a __________, a ______________ or sometimes a _____________.5. Blues songs _______________ sad feelings, sometimes in a funny way.6. ______________ ______________ more musical instruments②Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.1. There are one hundred years in a ____________.2. You play the __________ and the ___________ with your hands but not your mouth.3. You play the _________ with your mouth and hands.4. Can you __________ these numbers? 456+142 +862=?5. Some people ___________ their feelings by crying or laughing.6. Mozart ___________ classical music.7. John Lee Hooker sings the _____________, and Wynton Marsalis plays ______________.8. The piano is a musical _____________.9. The dolphin is a __________ animal at an aquarium.10. _____________worked on American farms in the nineteenth century.单词默写:翻译句子:1. 朗读是一种受欢迎的学习英语方式。
中学生百科英语1-U4-L3-Rock and Roll
Unit 4 MusicLesson 3 Rock and RollRock and roll came from jazz and the blues during the 1950s. One of the first rock and roll songs was Bill Haley's "Rock Around the Clock. "One of the first very famous rock and roll singers was Elvis Presley. Others were Buddy Holly and Chuck Berry. Now almost every country has many rock and roll bands and singers. Sometimes performers call their music by different names, like "rap" or "punk. " They sing and play mixtures of rock and roll and talking or other sounds. Rap and punk both came from rock and roll, or rock music.Some fans who like rock music think that classical music is boring. Many fans play rock music very loudly. They forget about the people who enjoy soft music. Loud music can make these people nervous. Many fans also like to dance to rock and roll.When rock and roll was new, people had only records to play the music at home. After that, people used cassette tapes and records. Now we listen to music on compact discs (often called CDS). Most modern bands and singers pay companies to make videos of their songs. With videos, fans can see the performers at the same time that they listen to the music. Making recording and the video that goes with it is very expensive. (220 words)➢Read the passage and answer the following questions:1.Where did rock and roll come from?2.What was the name of the first rock and roll song?3.Who was Elvis Presley?4.What kind of music is “rap” or “punk”?5.What are the differences between rock & roll and classical music?➢Fill in the chart to show the development of how people enjoy rock and roll.Vocabulary①Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.1. Most modern bands and singers pay _________ to make videos of their songs.2. Some __________ who like rock music think that classical music is boring3. They forget about the people who enjoy ________ music.4. Loud music can make these people ___________.5. Now almost every country has many rock and roll ___________and singers.6. When rock and roll was new, People had only __________ to play the music at home.7. Now we listen to music on ___________.8. Sometimes _____________ call their music by different names, like “rap” or “punk”.9. They sing and play _____________ of rock and roll and talking or other sounds.②Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.1. Hot chocolate is a _________ of chocolate, sugar, and milk.2. Ahmed works for a large ____________ in Riyadh.3. Elvis Presley was a wonderful ____________________.4. Students are usually _________________ before a big test.5. Loud music is not good for our ears, but ____________ music is okay.6. Are you a ________ of rock and roll or classical music?7. A large ________ play at Laura’s wedding.8. ____________ are more expensive than tapes.9. People listened to music from ________ only at home, not in their cars.单词默写:翻译句子:1. 他的脚在松软的泥土上留下印记。
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U1-Animal : Lesson 4 - The Hippopotamus
The hippopotamus, or hippo, lives in the hot part of Africa. It is a mammal. That is, its babies are born alive, and they drink milk from the mother's body.
The hippopotamus is a large animal. It weighs four tons. Its stomach is seven meters long, and it eats only plants. It is a mammal, but it spends a lot of time in the water.
During the day, it sleeps beside a river or a lake. Sometimes it wakes up. Then it goes under the water to get some plants for food. It can close its nose and stay under water for ten minutes. Its ears, eyes, and nose are high up on its head. It can stay with its body under the water and only its ears, eyes, and nose above the water.Then it can breathe the air.
At night, the hippo walks on the land and looks for food. It never goes very far from the water.
A baby hippo often stands on its mother's back. The mother looks for food underwater. The baby rides on her back above the water. (184 words)
中学生百科英语1-第一单元Animal 1。