老托福阅读真题PASSAGE 67
文勇的老托福阅读真题(1995年—2014年)
智课网TOEFL备考资料文勇的老托福阅读真题（1995年—2014年）摘要：文勇的老托福阅读真题（1995年—2014年）【下载】，为啥要推荐此文章呢？因为此类阅读文章虽然内容已经过时，但是他的行文套路、出题思路以及考察要点和目前的ETS都是一样的，也是纵多老师用来讲习阅读技巧的来源。
文勇的老托福阅读真题：部分内容British Columbia is the third largest Canadian province both in area and population. It is nearly ~ -~ times as large as Texas, and extends 800 miles (1, 280 km) north from the United States border. It includes Canada's entire west coast and the islands just off the coast.Most of British Columbia is mountainous, with long, rugged ranges running north and south. Even the coastal islands are the remains of a mountain range that existedthousands of years ago. During the last Ice Age this range was scoured by glaciers until most of It was beneath the sea. its peaks now show as islands scattered along the coast.The southwestern coastal region has a humid mild marine climate. Sea winds that blow inland from the west are warmed by a current of warm water that flows through the Pacific Ocean. As a result winter temperatures average above freezing and summers are mild. These warm western winds also carry moisture from the ocean.inland from the coast the winds from the Pacific meet the mountain barriers of the coastal ranges and the Rocky Mountains As they rise to cross the mountains. the winds are cooled. and their moisture begins to fall as rain. On some of the western slopes almost 201) inches (500 cm) of rain fall each year.More than half of British Columbia 15 heavily forested. On mountain slopes that receive plentiful rainfall. huge Douglas firs rise in towering columns. These forest giants often grow to be as much as 300 feet (90 m) tail, with diameters up to 10 feet (3 m). More lumber is produced from these trees than from any other kind of tree in North America. Hemlock, red cedar, and balsam fir are among the other trees found in British Columbia.以上就是有关文勇的老托福阅读真题的部分内容，完整版内容需要考生点击页面中的相关按钮，或者扫描页面中的二维码免费下载完整版，最后祝愿大家在即将来的托福考试中能够取得优异的成绩。
老托福阅读训练答案汇总
【往年真题】老托福阅读训练答案汇总小马过河为大家准备了“【往年真题】老托福阅读训练答案汇总”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267PASSAGE 1 BBACC DBCDA BPASSAGE 2 AACCD CABDPASSAGE 3 BDCBB CBDAD CAPASSAGE 4 BBDBD CACAPASSAGE 5 DACCB DBBADPASSAGE 6 DBDBC ACABDPASSAGE 7 BCDCD CBABBPASSAGE 8 DDCCB CADAPASSAGE 9 CBDBD BBAPASSAGE 10 ACDCA BCDBAPASSAGE 11 CAABD CADDPASSAGE 12 CDACB AACCBPASSAGE 13 AACAC CADPASSAGE 14 DCABC DABAC DBAPASSAGE 15 DABDC CDCBD ABPASSAGE 16 DBBCA DCDCDAPASSAGE 17 DAACA DCBCD CAPASSAGE 18 BBBDB CCCDAPASSAGE 19 BBDDC DCBCA CPASSAGE 20 BCACD DCBAAPASSAGE 21 BDCAA BABDPASSAGE 23 BBDBA ACADC DAC PASSAGE 24 BCBBC ADABA A PASSAGE 25 CABBB DDABC A PASSAGE 26 ADDBC DACBA PASSAGE 27 DADBC BBDBA D PASSAGE 28 ACBBA ABCBA PASSAGE 29 ACBDC ABDB PASSAGE 30 DABCC CBCB PASSAGE 31 BDCDD ACBBB C PASSAGE 32 CBDBA DACBD PASSAGE 33 ADADC ABDBB C PASSAGE 34 DCADB CDBBA B PASSAGE 35 CABCA BCDBA PASSAGE 36 BADCC BACBD C PASSAGE 37 BBADA BBCCD PASSAGE 38 BDBDB DAACD B PASSAGE 39 CDAAC BCABB D PASSAGE 40 BDDCC ABADCB PASSAGE 41 CBBCD CDAD PASSAGE 42 CBDDA BCCAC D PASSAGE 43 BBCAA D PASSAGE 44 CBBCA D PASSAGE 45 BCADA DDPASSAGE 47 DCBAD AC PASSAGE 48 DCBAD CCADD PASSAGE 49 BCCBA DBCBD B PASSAGE 50 DCCAC BBCAD PASSAGE 51 BCADB DADD PASSAGE 52 AABDA ADDBD PASSAGE 53 ACBDA ADBD PASSAGE 54 ACCBB DACD PASSAGE 55 ABCCB CABD PASSAGE 56 BDBCC ACAA PASSAGE 57 ABCCC DDAA PASSAGE 58 BABDB CDADC PASSAGE 59 ACBBA ACDB PASSAGE 60 DACDB BACCA PASSAGE 61 BCADD DCA PASSAGE 62 CABDC ABCBD PASSAGE 63 CBDCB ABDCB PASSAGE 64 DCABC AACAD PASSAGE 65 BBADB DACCB PASSAGE 66 CABCD AAABD B PASSAGE 67 BDACB DADCD PASSAGE 68 BAADC CDADB C PASSAGE 69 BABCD ADDBBPASSAGE 71 DBCAD CDCDA B PASSAGE 72 BCCAD DCACA PASSAGE 73 CABCB CBDA PASSAGE 74 CBDAB AADBD PASSAGE 75 ADABC CCDCC PASSAGE 76 BACCD BBBC PASSAGE 77 BCDCD AADAB C PASSAGE 78 BDAAD DCCBD PASSAGE 79 BDBDC AACDB C PASSAGE 80 BCADB ADABA A PASSAGE 81 DABDD ACBDD AB PASSAGE 82 CBADD CCABD PASSAGE 83 CAADC BCBDD C PASSAGE 84 CCAAA BDDDB PASSAGE 85 CBADC CDCCB PASSAGE 86 BBDCC CADBD A PASSAGE 87 ABBDB DCABD PASSAGE 88 ADBCA BBCD PASSAGE 89 CADAD ACBD PASSAGE 90 CCADB CACC PASSAGE 91 CBBAA DCACC PASSAGE 92 ABDAC DCCCC PASSAGE 93 CAACB DCBCA DPASSAGE 95 ABCCB ADBAADPASSAGE 96 CBCDA ABACCPASSAGE 97 BCDAD CACDCPASSAGE 98 DCCBD DBBACPASSAGE 99 CDCBC BCBAC DPASSAGE 100 BAACD DBCAA C来源于：小马过河相关推荐：托福阅读常出现的9个深度句托福阅读利剑之语法托福阅读解题方法之《主旨题》。
tpo67三篇托福阅读TOEFL原文译文题目答案背景知识
tpo67三篇托福阅读TOEFL原文译文题目答案背景知识阅读-1 (2)原文 (2)译文 (5)题目 (8)答案 (16)背景知识 (17)阅读-2 (21)原文 (21)译文 (25)题目 (27)答案 (34)背景知识 (35)阅读-3 (39)原文 (40)译文 (43)题目 (46)答案 (53)背景知识 (54)阅读-1原文Crop Engineering①Our current ability to precisely engineer crop genomes was preceded by a long history of genetic manipulation in agriculture. Human impact and its accompanying effects began early in our history at many tropical and subtropical sites around the globe.Our ancestors were omnivores,consuming whatever plant or animal material they fortuitously encountered.Even then,humans had considerable effects on the environment,reducing and even driving to extinction populations of the animal species they hunted and expanding the distribution of plants by accidentally distributing seeds as they migrated.②Humans probably first realized that seeds could yield a stable food supply through agriculture when they observed plants arising from refuse or wasteland,perhaps fruit trees growing along forest and jungle paths from discarded or defecated seeds or else vegetables sprouting in garbage dumps at temporary settlements.A more organized approach to agriculture began about eight to ten thousandyears ago coincidentally at a number of locations around the globe. The most diverse farming developed in the Near East,with legumes, cereals,flax,sesame,and fruit trees.At about the same time,New World residents were growing beans,maize,squashes,and potatoes，and Asian farmers were beginning to cultivate rice.③These early domesticated crops foreshadowed the overwhelming changes contemporary agriculture has wrought in plants.Humans soon learned to separate varieties that could be grown as crops from wild types in order to prevent characteristics undesirable for cultivation from mingling with those selected for farming.Continued selection of crops with desirable characteristics increased the separation between feral(wild)and managed plants and accelerated the diminishing diversity and more limited variation found in today's crops.④The simplest way to select crops is to save seeds preferentially from plants with beneficial traits,and the first farmers selected for large seeds and fruit,increased seed production,lack of dormancy,faster germination,higher annual yield,and reduced seed scattering.The success of this early selection resulted in an accelerating impact ofagriculture on crop diversity and feral plants.Crops quickly became commodities,moved and traded over a rapidly widening area,so that many plants were distributed well beyond their previous ranges,and some throughout the globe.⑤Three phenomena have characterized the more recent impact of agriculture on Earth.The first was the increase in human population, which has doubled at shorter and shorter intervals over the last thousand years.The result was increased acreage under cultivation and a fundamental remodeling of the globe toward managed rather than wild ecosystems.By1998there were3,410,523,800acres of land under cultivation worldwide,an area larger than the United States. Entire ecosystems have disappeared,others remain but are threatened, and the sheer volume of people and area of farmland have been major forces of biological change.⑥The second event through which agriculture modified our planet was European colonization.Previously,migration and trade had moved crops between countries and continents,but the Europeans inaugurated an unprecedented dispersal of biological materialworldwide.Maize,tomatoes,and potatoes were transported from the New World to the Old;wheat,rye,and barley were carried from the Old World to the New;and rice,soybeans,and alfalfa were moved from their Asian sources to every arable continent.Each of these and innumerable other introductions conveyed not only unique material but also assemblages of introduced plant pests and diseases that today cause the majority of pest-management problems around the world.⑦The third factor shaping the nature of agriculture and the environment alike is the increasing precision with which we have selected and bred crops.This acuity stemmed from many advances, but at its heart lies the work of two men—one,the English naturalist Charles Darwin,and the other,an Austrian monk,Gregor Mendel.The concepts of evolution and genetics were not their work alone,but both of them were decades ahead of their colleagues in synthesizing the companion concepts of natural selection and inheritance that are at the core of all contemporary biological science and that form the substrate upon which biotechnology grew.译文作物工程①我们目前能准确设计农作物基因组的能力是由在农业中长期的基因操控得来的。
(word完整版)历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案
0308托福试题阅读（55minutes）Question 1-11If food is allowed to stand for some time, it putrefies .When the putrefied materialis examined microscopically ,it is found to be teeming with bacteria. Where do thesebacteria come from , since they are not seen in fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenthcentury, many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontaneous(5 ) generation ,a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonlivingmatter.The most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur showed that structurespresent in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it hadtrapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteurfound that in ordinary air these exists a variety ofsolid structures ranging in size from0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of thesebodies resembled the reproductive(15)structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells .As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen liters of ordinary air ,and they couldnot be distinguished from the organisms found in much larger numbers in putrefying materials .Pasteur concluded that the organisms found in putrefying materials originatedfrom the organized bodies present in the air .He postulated that these bodies are constantly(20)being deposited on all objects.Pasteur showed that if a nutrient solution was sealed in a glass flask and heated toboiling to destroy all the living organisms contaminating it, it never putrefied .The proponents of spontaneous generation declared that fresh air was necessary forspontaneous generation and that the air inside the sealed flask was affected in some way(25)by heating so that it would no longer supportspontaneous generation. Pasteur constructed a swan-necked flask in which putrefying materials could he heated to boiling, but aircould reenter. The bends in the neck prevented microorganisms from getting in the flask..Material sterilized in such a flask did not putrefy.1,What does the passage mainly discuss?(a)Pasteur’s influence on the development of the microscope.(b)The origin of the theory of spontaneous generation .(c)The effects of pasteurization on food.(d)Pasteur’s argument agai nst the theory of spontaneous generation .2,The phrase “teeming with ”in line 2 is closest in meaning to(a)full of(b)developing into(c)resistant to(d)hurt by3,Which of the following questions did the theory of spontaneous generation attempt to answer?(a)What is the origin of the living organisms are seen on some food?(b)How many types of organisms can be found on food?(c)What is the most effective way to prepare living organisms for microscopic examination?(d)How long can food stand before it putrefies?4,The word “resemble” in line 9 is closest in meaning to。
托福阅读真题第6套
第6套Sumerian Contributions（17年3月4日考过）Paragraph1：Before about4500B.C.,lower Mesopotamia,the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers just north of the Persian Gulf,was much less densely populated than other inhabited regions of the Near and Middle East.Its marshy soil, subject to annual inundations floods from the rivers,was not suited to the primitive hoe culture of early agriculture,in which land was cultivated without domestic animals or beasts.Moreover,the land was virtually treeless and lacked building stone and mineral resources.During the next thousand years,however,this(unpromising) area became the seat of Sumer,the first great civilization known to history,with large concentrations of people,bustling cities,monumental architecture,and(a wealth of) religious,artistic,and literary traditions that influenced other ancient civilizations for thousands of years.The exact sequence of events that led to this culmination is unknown,but it is clear that the economic basis of this first civilization lay in its highly productive agriculture.1..The word unpromising in the passage is closest in meaning to○unfavorable○underdeveloped○distant○expansive2..The phrase a wealth of in the passage is closest in meaning to○a strong competition among○a valuable source of○a deep respect for○an abundance of3..According to paragraph1,which of the following was NOT true of lower Mesopotamia before4500B.C.○It was flooded every year by rivers.○Its soil was unsuitable for Stone Age hoe culture agriculture.○It was comparatively dense in population.○It had few trees.Paragraph2：The natural fertility of the rich black soil was renewed annually by the silt left from the spring floods of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.Harnessing its full productive power,however,required an elaborate system of drainage and irrigation, which in turn required a large and well-disciplined workforce as well as skilled management and supervision.The latter were supplied by a class of priests and warriors who ruled a large population of peasants and artisans.Through taxation and other means the rulers extracted wealth from the population and then used it toconstruct temples and other public buildings and to create works of art.That gave them or some of them the leisure to perfect the other refinements of civilization. 4..According to paragraph2,which of the following was true of the soil in lower Mesopotamia○It was relatively unfertile until humans added other,richer types of soil to it.○It reached full productivity only when elaborate drainage and irrigation systems were added.○Its most valuable nutrients were washed away by the spring floods of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.○Its silt was removed by a large,well-disciplined workforce.5..According to paragraph2,which of the following was true of priests and warriors in Sumerian society○Their technical expertise was essential in the development of new irrigation and drainage systems.○They encouraged peasants and artisans to perfect the refinements of civilization.○They were responsible for managing and supervising the workforce.○They alone paid the taxes that funded the construction of temples. Paragraph3：The rise of civilization brought with it a far more complex division of labor and system of economic organization.█Full-time artisans specialized in the manufacture of textiles and pottery,metalworking,and other crafts.█The professions of architecture,engineering,and medicine,among others,were born.█Weights and measures were systematized,mathematics was invented,and primitive forms of science emerged.█Since Sumer was virtually(devoid of)natural resources other than its rich soil,it traded with other people,thereby contributing to the(diffusion)of Sumerian civilization.The scarcity of stone,for tools as well as for buildings, probably hastened the adoption of copper and bronze.Copper,at least,was already known before the rise of Sumerian civilization,but lack of demand for it among the Stone Age peasant villages inhibited its widespread use.【In Sumerian cities,on the other hand,stone imported by sea through the Persian Gulf from Oman and downriver from the mountains of Anatolia and the Caucasus had to compete with imported copper,and the latter proved more economical and effective for a variety of uses.】Thereafter metallurgy,the technology of separating metals from their ores and purifying them,was regarded as one of the hallmarks of civilization.6..The phrase devoid of in the passage is closest in meaning to○using up○looking for○lacking in○uninterested in7..The word diffusion in the passage is closest in meaning to○stability○spread○prosperity○productivity8..Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph3as an effect of Sumerian trade ○The spread of Sumerian civilization to people outside Sumer○The discovery of copper○A rise in the price of textiles,pottery,and other goods sold within Sumer○An increase in the scarcity of stone within Sumer9..Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Sumerian cities developed a trade in copper and stone that extended as far as Oman in the Persian Gulf and the mountains of Anatolia and the Caucasus.○Sumerian cities competed with traders elsewhere to produce copper that was more economical and useful than stone.○In Sumerian cities,imported copper often proved more economical and useful than imported stone.○The copper and stone imported from Oman,Anatolia,and the Caucasus proved more economical and effective than the copper and stone found in Sumerian cities.Paragraph4：Sumer's greatest contribution to subsequent civilizations,the invention of writing,likewise grew out of economic necessity.The early citiesEridu,Ur,Uruk, and Lagashwere temple cities:both economic and religious organizations centered on the temple of the local patron deity,represented by a priestly hierarchy.Members of the hierarchy directed the construction and maintenance of irrigation and drainage systems;oversaw agricultural activities;and supervised the collection of produce as taxation or tribute money or other wealth given as a sign of submission or in return for protection.The need to keep records of the sources and uses of this tribute led to the use of simple pictographs on clay tablets sometime before3000B.C.By about2800 B.C.the pictographs had been stylized into the system of writing known as cuneiform using wedge-shaped marks on clay,a distinctive characteristic of Mesopotamian civilization.It is one of the few examples in history of a significant innovation issuing from a bureaucratic organization.10..In paragraph4,why does the author point out that the economic and religious organizations of early Sumerian cities centered on local temples○To identify the bureaucratic needs that led to the development of writing○To identity factors responsible for the significant influence of Sumerian writing on subsequent civilizations○To explain why few examples of significant innovations have issued from a bureaucratic organization○To explain why the use of simple pictographs eventually became stylized into the system of writing known as cuneiform11..Paragraph4implies all the following about cuneiform EXCEPT:○It arose after3000B.C.○It involved stylized pictographs.○It was designed to further the purposes of the priestly bureaucracy.○It was developed outside of the early temple cities.Paragraph5：Although writing originated in response to the need for administrative bookkeeping,it soon found multiple religious,literary,and economic uses.In a later phase of development,after the strict temple-centered organization of the economy had given way to greater freedom of enterprise,clay tablets were used for recording the details of contracts,debts,and other commercial and financial transactions. 12..According to paragraph5,which of the following was true of Sumerian writing during the period of greater freedom of enterprise○Knowledge of it was limited to the temple-centered administration.○It was used for purposes beyond those for which it was first created.○It was used primarily to help keep the traditional leadership in power.○It led to further technological developments by2800B.C.13..Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.For example,the Sumerians learned to use the position of the stars and planets to predict weather and for traveling at night.Where would the sentence best fit Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.Paragraph3：The rise of civilization brought with it a far more complex division of labor and system of economic organization.█Full-time artisans specialized in the manufacture of textiles and pottery,metalworking,and other crafts.█The professions of architecture,engineering,and medicine,among others,were born.█Weights and measures were systematized,mathematics was invented,and primitive forms of science emerged.█Since Sumer was virtually(devoid of)natural resources other than its rich soil,it traded with other people,thereby contributing to the(diffusion)of Sumerian civilization.The scarcity of stone,for tools as well as for buildings, probably hastened the adoption of copper and bronze.Copper,at least,was already known before the rise of Sumerian civilization,but lack of demand for it among the Stone Age peasant villages inhibited its widespread use.【In Sumerian cities,on the other hand,stone imported by sea through the Persian Gulf from Oman and downriver from the mountains of Anatolia and the Caucasus had to compete with imported copper,and the latter proved more economical and effective for a variety of uses.】Thereafter metallurgy,the technology of separating metals from their ores and purifying them,was regarded as one of the hallmarks of civilization.14..Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong.To review the passage,click on View Text.Answer Choices○Originally,Sumerians cultivated the lower Mesopotamia region using primitive hoes and domesticated animals.○The flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers caused peasants to look to religion for explanations,resulting in the development of a large class of priests.○Priests and warriors managed and supervised the workforce that operated the elaborate drainage and irrigation system required to maximize agricultural production.○The emergence of new professions,sciences,and techniques and the development of trade resulting from Sumer's lack of natural resources led to a complex labor and economic system.○The need on the part of the priestly hierarchy to keep track of who had paid taxes and tribute and how those were spent resulted in the invention of writing.○As writing became more complex,priests increasingly put ordinary people in charge of running day-to-day operations within the Sumer economy.The Cambrian Explosion（16年11月5日和17年5月13日考过）Paragraph1：The earliest fossil evidence for eukaryotes complex organisms whose cells contain a distinct nucleus dates to only about1.2billion years ago.The fossil record suggests that animal evolution progressed slowly,with relatively little change seen between fossils from1.2billion years ago and those from a half-billion years later.But then something quite dramatic happened as can be judged by the many different animal groups that suddenly appear in the fossil record.1..Paragraph1implies which of the following about evolutionary change○Eukaryotes have a very slow rate of evolution.○The fossil record of evolutionary change is incomplete for the first half-billion years of animal evolution.○Evolution has not always proceeded at the same rate.○Evolutionary rates of change in animals were slowing down considerably before a dramatic reversal happened1.2billion years ago.Paragraph2：Biologists classify animals according to their basic body plans.For example,the basic body plan shared by mammals and reptiles is fundamentally different from that of insects.Animals are grouped by body plan into what biologists call phyla.Mammals and reptiles both belong to the single phylum Chordata,which includes animals with internal skeletons.Insects,crabs,and spiders belong to the phylum Arthropoda,which contains animals with body features such as jointed legs, an external skeleton,and segmented bodies.Classifying animals into phyla is an (ongoing)project for biologists,but modern animals appear to comprise about30 different phyla,each representing a different body plan.2..The word ongoing in the passage is closest in meaning to○uncertain○full-time○important○continuing3..In paragraph2,why does the author provide the information that Arthropoda represents animals with features like jointed legs,an external skeleton,and segmented body parts○To indicate basic physical differences among insects,crabs,and spiders○To illustrate the types of physical characteristics considered when classifying animals○To show the complexity of features that have evolved in organisms○To demonstrate that some phyla include a wider range of body plans than others doParagraph3：Remarkably,nearly all of these different body plans,plus a few others that have gone extinct,make their first known appearance in the geological record during a period spanning only about40million years less than about1percent of Earth's history.This remarkable flowering of animal diversity appears to have begun about545million years ago,which(corresponds to)the start of the Cambrian period. Hence it is called the Cambrian explosion.4..The phrase corresponds to in the passage is closest in meaning to○causes○occurs before○differs from○matchesParagraph4：The fact that the Cambrian explosion marks the only major diversification of body plans in the geological record presents us with two important and related questions:Why,so long after the origin of eukaryotes,did the pace of evolution suddenly accelerate dramatically at the beginning of the Cambrian,and why hasn't there been another period of similarly explosive diversification since then？5..According to paragraphs3and4,what was remarkable about the Cambrian explosion○That the evolution of species occurred so soon after the first eukaryotes appeared ○That most of the known animal types appeared in a relatively short period in history○That many of the animal types that appeared in the period have survived until today○That the pace of evolution slowed before it accelerated6..The function of the two questions in paragraph4is to○recognize two common questions that cannot be addressed within the passage○present the two different points of view contrasted in the passage○provide important objections to the central idea of the passage○indicate two important questions that will be explored in the passageParagraph5：We can identify at least four factors that might have contributed to the Cambrian explosion.First,the oxygen level in our atmosphere may have remained well below its present level until about the time of the Cambrian explosion.Thus,the rapid diversification in animal life may have occurred at least in part because oxygen reached a critical level for the survival of larger and more energy-intensive life forms.7..Paragraph5implies which of the following about oxygen○It was not essential for the life forms that appeared before the Cambrian period.○It has remained at relatively the same level since the beginning of the fossil record.○Its changes in levels are associated with animal extinctions.○Its levels before the Cambrian period were too low for large animals to survive. Paragraph6：A second factor that may have been important was the evolution of genetic(complexity).As eukaryotes evolved,they developed more and more genetic variation in their DNA.Some scientists believe that the Cambrian explosion marks the point at which organisms developed certain kinds of genes homeobox genes that control body form and that could be combined in different ways,(allowing)the evolution of a great diversity of forms over time.8..The word complexity in the passage is closest in meaning to○sophistication○adaptation○improvement○variation9..The word allowing in the passage is closest in meaning to○resulting in○making possible○preceding○spreadingParagraph7：A third factor may have been climate change.Geological evidence points to a series of episodes in which Earth froze over before the Cambrian began.The extreme climate conditions of these episodes eliminated many species,leaving a wide array of ecological niches available into which new species could rapidly evolve when climate conditions eased at the beginning of the Cambrian.10..According to paragraph7,all of the following occurred before the Cambrian began EXCEPT:○Almost all of Earth froze over.○New ecological niches were filled by new species.○A series of extreme climate episodes occurred.○Many species became extinct.Paragraph8：A fourth factor may have been the absence of efficient predators.【Early predatory animals were probably not very sophisticated,so some evolving animals that later might have been eliminated by predation were given a chance to survive, making the beginning of the Cambrian period a window of opportunity for many different adaptations to establish themselves in the environment.】11..Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Predators at the beginning of the Cambrian period had to become more sophisticated in order to survive in environments with newly adapted animals.○New adaptations had an opportunity to survive at the beginning of the Cambrian period because early predators were not yet sophisticated enough to eliminate the animals with these adaptations.○Early predatory animals lacked sophisticated adaptations because they did not develop them during a window of opportunity in the early Cambrian period.○Early predators had an opportunity at the beginning of the Cambrian period to remove new adaptations before they established themselves in the environment. Paragraph9：This last idea may partly explain why no similar explosion of diversity has taken place since the Cambrian:once predators were efficient and widespread,it may have been virtually impossible for animals with entirely new body forms to find an environmental niche in which they could escape predation.█Or it may be that while more body plans may have been possible at some early point in evolution,it was not possible to evolve into those other body plans from the body plans that evolved in the Cambrian.█Or perhaps the various body forms that arose during the Cambrian explosion represent the full range of forms possible given the basic genetic resources that characterize all Earth's organisms.█In any case,no fundamentally new body forms have emerged since the Cambrian explosion.█12..Paragraph9suggests all of the following possible explanations for the uniqueness of the Cambrian explosion EXCEPT○the inability of later animals to evolve body plans different from those that appeared during the Cambrian period○the post-Cambrian appearance of efficient predators occupying nearly every environmental niche○the decline in the number of habitats having sufficient resources to support the rapid evolution of new species○the limited range of genetically possible body types13..Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.After all,evolution of body structure can act only on the structure that already exists. Where would the sentence best fit Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.Paragraph9：This last idea may partly explain why no similar explosion of diversity has taken place since the Cambrian:once predators were efficient and widespread,it may have been virtually impossible for animals with entirely new body forms to find an environmental niche in which they could escape predation.█Or it may be that while more body plans may have been possible at some early point in evolution,it was not possible to evolve into those other body plans from the body plans that evolved in the Cambrian.█Or perhaps the various body forms that arose during the Cambrian explosion represent the full range of forms possible given the basic genetic resources that characterize all Earth's organisms.█In any case,no fundamentally new body forms have emerged since the Cambrian explosion.█14..Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong.To review the passage,click on View Text.Answer Choices○Biologists want to find out why the rapid diversification of body forms did not happen soon after the appearance of eukaryotes around1.2billion years ago.○Biologists classify animals according to their body plans into phyla such as Chordata,animals with a backbone,and Arthropoda,animals with segmented exoskeletons.○The Cambrian explosion was a unique episode in the history of evolution that produced nearly all of the30or so animal body plans that have ever been seen.○The Cambrian explosion may have been aided by genes that could yield a variety of body forms and the inability of early predators to eliminate the new forms.○Once predators became efficient after the Cambrian explosion,they were able to eliminate any animals that began to evolve a new body plan.○At the beginning of the Cambrian,an increase in oxygen needed for animal growth and the return of a hospitable climate may have contributed to the Cambrian explosion.Weak Electric Systems in Fish（16年9月19日考过）Paragraph1：Some blind elephantnose fish produce weak electric signals that are used for detecting objects in their surroundings a phenomenon called active electrolocation. These fish have specialized electric organs that discharge either in pulses or in awave-like fashion,depending on the species.【Although discharges follow one another almost continuously throughout the life of the fish,their power level is much too low to be detected by human handlers but potent enough to create a stable electric field around the body of the fish.】When an object enters into this electric field,it causes(distortions)in the current that are detected by electroreceptor organs distributed over the fish's skin.1..Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Throughout the life of the fish,its electric discharges vary in power from undetectable to fairly potent.○Nearly continuous discharges undetectable by humans create a stable,low-level electric field around the body of the fish.○Human handlers cannot feel the electric discharges because the discharges are at such low power levels.○The discharges are so weak that they would have to be fired almost continuously to create a detectable electric field.2..The word distortions in the passage is closest in meaning to○decreases○signals○concentrations○irregularitiesParagraph2：A weak electric system may have several uses,including the exploration of novel environments.For example,blind elephantnose fish can easily find the only opening that allows them to cross through a newly installed partition within their aquarium,even though they cannot see it with their eyes.Their electric sense must be implicated because when these individuals become electrically silent unable to use their electric system through denervation of their electric organs,they can no longer find the opening.3..Paragraph2describes an experiment with elephantnose fish that were electrically silent and therefore unable to○distinguish between new and familiar objects in their aquarium○swim around the partition in their aquarium○find their way through a hole in a barrier○see with their eyesParagraph3：During the1970s,biologists became interested in the role of the weak electric system not only as a means of electrolocation but also as a means of electrical communication between individual munication is possible because the rateand waveform of the electric discharges can vary between species,between sexes, between individuals,or even between situations in the same individual.Moreover, some fish can(temporarily)interrupt their normally continuous train of discharges, and these pauses can be full of meaning.The effective range of communication by electric signals can reach a little over1meter depending on water resistance.4..All of the following are mentioned in paragraph3as components of communication in electric fish EXCEPT○the rate of electric discharges○the direction in which discharges travel○the waveform of electric discharges○pauses between electric discharges5..The word temporarily in the passage is closest in meaning to○deliberately○suddenly○partially○brieflyParagraph4：In terms of functions,electric communication is strikingly similar to acoustical vocalization(vocal sounds).Some of these functions are concerned with reproductive activity.In some species,males switch to new electric calls during courtship,resuming their regular programming only after the mating season is over.In species in which each sex has its own distinctive pattern of discharges,females are attracted to the pattern of males,and males to the pattern of females.Females can even be induced to release their eggs in the vicinity of electrodes that imitate a male signal¨the spark of love.As expected,through natural selection,both males and females prefer the electric pattern of their own species to that of other species. 6..The author provides the information that Females can even be induced to release their eggs in the vicinity of electrodes that imitate a male signal in order to○emphasize the importance of electric signals in some fish mating behavior○argue that many fish are not very particular when choosing a mate○show that electric signals alone do not provide adequate information for mate selection○imply that identifying a potential mate by its electric signal is more difficult than it might seemParagraph5：Other functions relate to aggression.Aggressive individuals often precede their attacks with an increase in discharge rate,whereas submissive fish may stop emitting altogether.This submissive behavior seems to work.Researchers have found that individuals rendered electrically silent through denervation of their electric organs are seldom attacked by dominant fish.Finally,individual recognition can alsobe based on electric signatures.In banded knifefish,territory neighbors recognize each other through individually distinctive discharge waveforms.7..All of the following are mentioned in paragraphs4and5as ways fish communicate using discharge patterns EXCEPT:○Some fish increase their rate of discharge right before they attack.○Some fish reproduce the electric pattern of another species to hide from a predator.○Some male fish switch to a different electric call during mating season.○Some fish temporarily stop discharging as a sign of submission.8..In saying that Aggressive individuals often precede their attacks with an increase in discharge rate the author means that○aggressive individuals often prepare for their attacks by increasing the discharge rate○aggressive individuals often intensify their attacks by increasing the discharge rate○attacks by aggressive individuals often increase when there is an increase in the discharge rate○an increase in the discharge rate often occurs before aggressive individuals attack9..According to paragraph5,becoming electrically silent can affect a fish by○causing it to become more aggressive○making it a more frequent target of attacks○damaging its organs for sending electric signals○making it less likely to be attacked by dominant fishParagraph6：The fact that weak electric fish can use their electric sense to communicate with one another leads to an interesting question:How can a fish distinguish between its own electric bursts and those from another fish In blind elephantnose fish,the problem is solved by the presence of two types of electroreceptors.One of these two types is automatically and briefly shut down each time the fish discharges.Therefore,any signal picked up by these electroreceptors has to come from another animal.Elephantnose fish also have the habit of echoing the discharges of other individuals.They discharge their own electric organ a fixed time after sensing the electric signal of another fish.This response time is extremely short approximately12milliseconds probably the most rapid form of communication in the animal kingdom.10..According to paragraph6,one of the types of electroreceptors of the elephantnose fish shuts down at times in order to○avoid confusing its own signals with those of other fish○prevent the receptor from becoming damaged○distinguish between signals of short and long duration。
托福阅读tpo67R-2原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识
TPO67阅读-2Human Activity and the Archaeological Record原文 (1)译文 (2)题目 (4)答案 (8)背景知识 (8)原文Human Activity and the Archaeological Record①Archaeologists distinguish the“cultural”formation processes of the archaeological record(those involving some kind of human activity)from the “natural”formation processes(those involving nonhuman activity,such as river action disturbing archaeological material).There are two kinds of cultural formation processes:those that reflect the original human behavior and activitybefore a find or site became buried,and those(such as looting)that came after burial.Of course,most major archaeological sites are formed as the result of a complex sequence of use,burial,and reuse so that a simple twofold division of cultural formation processes may not be so simple to apply in practice,but the distinction is still useful.②Original human behavior is often reflected archaeologically in at least four major activities.In the case of a tool,for example,there may be(1)acquisition of the raw material,(2)manufacture,(3)use,and(4)disposal or discard when the tool is worn out or broken.(The tool may of course be reworked and recycled,thus repeating stages2and3.)Similarly,a food crop such as wheat will be acquired (harvested),manufactured(processed),used(eaten),and discarded(digested and the waste products excreted),although here one might add a common intermediate stage of storage before use.From the archaeologist's point of view, the critical factor is that remains can enter the archaeological record at any one of these stages.A tool may be lost or thrown out for being of inferior quality during manufacture,or a crop may be accidentally burnt and thus preserved during processing.In order to reconstruct the original activity accurately it is therefore crucial to try to understand which of the stages one is looking at.It may be quite easy to identify the first stage for stone tools,for instance,because stone quarries can often be recognized by deep holes in the ground with piles of associated wasteflakes that survive well.But it is much more difficult to know beyond reasonable doubt where a sample of charred plant remains comes from,whether from an area where harvested wheat was taken for threshing or from the area where the grain was eaten.This may also make it difficult to reconstruct the true plant diet,since certain activities may favor the preservation of certain species of plant.③Deliberate burial of valuables or the dead is another human behavior that has left its mark on the archaeological record.In times of conflict or war,people often deposit prized possessions in the ground,intending to reclaim them at a later date; but sometimes,for one reason or another,they fail to do so.These hoards are a prime source of evidence for certain periods,such as the European Bronze Age,for which hoards of metal goods are common,or later Roman Britain,which has yielded buried treasures of silver and other precious metals.The archaeologist, however,may not find it easy to distinguish between hoards originally intended to be reclaimed and valuables buried—perhaps as offerings to supernatural powers —with no reclamation intended.④In addition to burial hoards,a major source of archaeological evidence comes from burial of the dead,whether in simple graves,elaborate burial mounds,or giant pyramids,usually with grave goods such as ceramic vessels or weapons,and sometimes with painted tomb-chamber walls,as in ancient Mexico or Egypt.The Egyptians indeed went so far as to mummify their dead—to preserve them,they hoped,for eternity—as did the Incas of Peru,whose kings were kept in the Temple of the Sun at Cuzco and brought outside for special ceremonies.⑤Human destruction of the archaeological record might be caused by burials of the kind just described being dug into earlier deposits.But people in the past deliberately or accidentally obliterated traces of their predecessors in innumerable other ways.Rulers often destroyed monuments or erased inscriptions belonging to previous chiefs or monarchs.On the other hand,some human destruction meant to obliterate has inadvertently preserved material for the archaeologist to find. Burning,for example,may not always destroy.Clay daubing and adobe usually decay,but if a structure has been burned,the mud is baked to the consistency of a brick.译文人类活动与考古记录①考古学家们将考古记录的“文化”形成过程（那些涉及某种的人类活动）与“自然”形成过程（那些涉及的非人类活动，如河流活动对考古材料的干扰）区分开来。
老托福阅读真题及答案解析
老托福阅读真题及答案解析-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN老托福阅读真题及答案解析托福从听、说、读、写四方面进行英语能力全面考核。
托福频道为大家提供了这四个方面的资料，希望对大家有所帮助。
Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.1. What is the main idea of the passage(A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment.(B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs.(C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.(D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.2. The word "They" in line 2 refers to(A) aviculturists(B) birds(C) eggs(D) rates3. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler than the top, then(A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation(B) the embryo will not develop normally(C) the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position.(D) the incubation process is slowed down4. According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to(A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick(B) hold the nest together(C) help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest(D) make the nest bigger5. According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to(A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest(B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest(C) keep the nest in a clean condition(D) touch the bottom of the eggs6. All of the following are part of a parrot's incubation method EXCEPT(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest(B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest(C) transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell(D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell7. The word "suspend" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) build(B) paint(C) hang(D) move8. The word "fatal" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) close(B) deadly(C) natural(D) hot9. The word "secure" in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) fresh(B) dry(C) safe(D) warm10. According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides(A) a constant source of humidity(B) a strong nest box(C) more room for newly hatched chicks(D) protection against cold weather11. Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators?(A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors.(B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly(C) They do not transfer heat to the egg in the same way the parent bird does.(D) They are expensive to operate.12. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage(A) Aviculturists (line 1)(B) gradient (line 8)(C) incubation (line 15)(D) embryo (line 22)正确答案：DAACA DCBCD CA。
托福资料之老托阅读100篇【完整版】.docx
托福资料之老托阅读 100 篇【完整版】老托阅读 100 篇相对 TPO 要简单一些，也是伴随托福备考学员的很重要的一份资料，对于基础薄弱，做 TPO 真题阅读需要过渡的考生来说再适合不过了，为方便考生备考，太傻留学托福考试频道特意将这100 篇托福阅读理解为考生做了归纳和整理，考生只要收藏此页面，就可以在需要的时候打开进行练习了!Toefl 资料下载之老托阅读100 篇【完整版】PASSAGE 1: 冰箱的发展PASSAGE 2: 水循环PASSAGE 3: 印第安人变篮子的故事PASSAGE 4: 哈德逊河派的绘画PASSAGE 6: 硫酸钾在造玻璃和肥皂时的作PASSAGE 5: 创造文化的材料和技术用PASSAGE 7:Philadelphia's 如何发展成商业PASSAGE 8: 为什么大型动物要生活在热带中心雨林PASSAGE 9: 孟买象化石的发现地PASSAGE 10: 人类饮食活动的变化PASSAGE 11: 竹屋怎样防御外界的侵害PASSAGE 12: 动物在岩石上产卵PASSAGE 13: 地球表面岩石的生长与分类PASSAGE 14: 电视对美国政治的影响PASSAGE 15: 菌类对农业的影响PASSAGE 16: 鸟的祖先PASSAGE 17: 鹦鹉产卵的方式PASSAGE 18: 女性对美国建立初期的贡献PASSAGE 19: 北美城市的发展PASSAGE 20: 壁炉的构造PASSAGE 21: 美国早期雕塑的发展PASSAGE 22: 北美城市的发展改革PASSAGE 23: 美国早期城市功能的发展PASSAGE 24: 地球极地激光的形成和外形PASSAGE 25: 营养学研究的历史PASSAGE 26: 关于某彗星的介绍PASSAGE 28:19 世纪末 20 世纪初艺术的发PASSAGE 27: 土壤分解法展PASSAGE 29:一种农业机器在美国的普遍PASSAGE 30: 蝴蝶的种类使用PASSAGE 31: 房租租金的控制PASSAGE 32: 西方艺术发展史PASSAGE 33: 关于做决定的研究PASSAGE 34: 城市的发展以及移民PASSAGE 35: 一种岩洞对观察天象的影响PASSAGE 36: 美国水彩画协会的发展PASSAGE 37: 人的声音对个性的影响PASSAGE 38 : 有关冰河时代的PASSAGE 39: 印第安人捕鱼的生活方式PASSAGE 40: 一周工人工作时间的演变PASSAGE 42:美国铁路发展给美国带来的PASSAGE 41: 地球物种灭绝的分析影响PASSAGE 43: 抗感染药的发明PASSAGE 44: 大脑中神经系统的结构PASSAGE 45:19 世纪的家庭工作PASSAGE 46: 宾夕法尼亚暖气锅炉的改造PASSAGE 47: 美国在 20 世纪初对移民者的PASSAGE 48: 不同领导的领导风格介绍PASSAGE 50:19 世纪艺术在工业社会中的PASSAGE 49: 古代陶瓷的制作方式角色PASSAGE 51 : 美国建立自然生态保护园的PASSAGE 52:美国劳动力从农业到工业的介绍转变PASSAGE 54:被作曲家采用越来越多的音PASSAGE 53: 玻璃纤维的使用方法乐元素PASSAGE 55: 建立公园的计划PASSAGE 56: 民歌定义的不同理解PASSAGE 58:从狩猎到农业的改变对人类PASSAGE 57: 希腊陶瓷技术的发展生活的影响PASSAGE 60: 美国棉花 19 时期作为重要的PASSAGE 59: 历史上第一只鸟的介绍出口商品PASSAGE61: 北美农业殖民地艺术家作品PASSAGE 62: 关于鸟换毛的事PASSAGE 63: 鸟躲避侵略者的三种策略PASSAGE 64: 蚂蚁工作方式的介绍PASSAGE 65: 彗星的 coma 的形成PASSAGE 66: 小孩学说话PASSAGE 67: 某个奇特地方的植被PASSAGE 68: 北美陶瓷的制作PASSAGE 69:美国报纸上气象报道图的变PASSAGE 70: 鸟搭窝的方式化PASSAGE 71: 地理位置对城市发展的影响PASSAGE 72: 哈莱姆文艺复兴PASSAGE 73: 科技与工业化联系PASSAGE 74: 冰川的形成及融化PASSAGE 75:早期狩猎对大型体格动物灭PASSAGE 76: 泥土的形成及其用途绝的影响PSSAGE 77: 生物灭绝的原因PASSAGE 78: 远古的文字PASSAGE 79: 动物行为的研究PASSAGE 80: 美国调查方式的实施PASSAGE 82:婴幼儿时期的模仿对人和动PASSAGE 81: 木星的简介物的影响PASSAGE 83:美国现实主义和自然主义作PASSAGE 84: 美国早期印刷业的内容家介绍PASSAGE 85: 郁金香在北美殖民地的发展PASSAGE 86: 蚂蚁生存使用的各种信号PASSAGE 87: 热能在大气中传输PASSAGE 88: 化石的形成PASSAGE 90:某时期变化对海洋生物的影PASSAGE 89:19 世纪静物艺术品响PASSAGE 91:不同时期艺术装饰风格的简PASSAGE 92: 岩石层对气候的影响介PASSAGE 94:美国工业化给美国经济带来PASSAGE 93: 洛杉矶城市的发展的改变PASSAGE 95:昆虫怎样用信息素来传递信PASSAGE 96:Homestead Act 的弊端息PASSAGE 97: 对月亮两个区域的研究PASSAGE 98 : 松鼠吃橡果的迷PASSAGE 99 : 碳水化合物和气温的关系PASSAGE 100: 小提琴的发展和使用原文网址：托福考试：。
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托福阅读的思维方式就是托福阅读的出题方式，只有掌握了这种思维方式，才有可能在做题之前，预测到新托福阅读题的出题形式和特点，为找答案节省时间。
老托福阅读试题的核心价值，在于其最贴近真题的阅读思维方式。
此外老托福阅读真题比新托福IBT阅读文章要短，比较容易适应。
这也是大家在备考托福的时候非常重要的一点。
因为前期的入手如果能从容易的开始，就会形成一个循序渐进的过程方式，让大家的练习有一个提高的过程。
既然老托福阅读试题有这样的效果，那我们如何利用那有限的真题来达到锻炼自己的目的呢?事实上这就一个办法，就是坚持。
本期为大家推荐老托福阅读的真题PASSAGE 67，附有原文及答案，希望对托福考生备考有所帮助。
Geographers say that what defines a place are four properties: soil, climate, altitude, and aspect, or attitude to the Sun. Florida's ancient scrub demonstrates this principle. Its soil is pure silica, so barren it supports only lichens as ground cover. It does, however, sustain a sand-swimming lizard that cannot live where there is moisture or plant matter the soil. Its climate, despite more than 50 inches of annual rainfall, is blistering desert. The only plant life it can sustain is the xerophytic, the quintessentially dry. Its altitude is a mere couple of hundred feet, but it is high ground on a peninsula elsewhere close to sea level, and its drainage is so critical that a difference of inches in elevation can bring major changes in its plant communities. Its aspect is flat direct, brutal — and subtropical.Florida's surrounding lushness cannot impinge on its desert scrubbiness. This does not sound like an attractive place. It does not look much like one either: shrubby little oaks, clumps of scraggly bushes prickly pear, thorns, and tangles. It appears, Said one early naturalist, to desire to display the result of the misery through which it has passed and is passing. By our narrow standards, scrub is not beautiful; neither does it meet our selfish utilitarian needs. Even the name is an epithet, a synonym for the stunted, the scruffy, the insignificant, what is beautiful about such a place?The most important remaining patches of scrub lie along the Lake Wales Ridge, a chain of paleoislands running for a hundred miles down the center of Florida, in most places less than ten miles wide. It is relict seashore, tossed up millions of years ago when ocean levels were higher and the rest of the peninsula was submerged. That ancient emergence is precisely what makes Lake Wales Ridge so precious: it has remained unsubmerged, its ecosystems essentially undisturbed since the Miocene era. As a result, it has gathered to itself one of the largestcollections of rare organisms in the world. Only about 75 plant species survive there, but at least 30 of these are found nowhere else on Earth.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) How geographers define a place(B) The characteristics of Florida's ancient scrub(C) An early naturalist's opinion of Florida(D) The history of the Lake Wales Ridge2. The author mentions all of the following factors that define a place EXCEPT(A) aspect(B) altitude(C) soil(D) life-forms3. It can be inferred from the passage that soil composed of silica(A) does not hold moisture(B) is found only in Florida(C) nourishes many kinds of ground cover(D) provides food for many kinds of lizards4. The word sustain in line 6 is closets in meaning to(A) select(B) strain(C) support(D) store5. The author mentions the prickly pear (line 12) as an example of(A) valuable fruit-bearing plants of the scrub area(B) unattractive plant life of the scrub area(C) a pant discovered by an early naturalist(D) plant life that is extremely rare6. The author suggests that human standards of beauty are(A) tolerant(B) idealistic(C) defensible(D) limited7. The word insignificant in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) unimportant(B) undisturbed(C) immature(D) inappropriate8. According to the passage , why is the Lake Wales Ridge valuable?(A) It was originally submerged in the ocean.(B) It is less than ten miles wide.(C) It is located near the seashore.(D) It has ecosystems that have long remained unchanged9. The word it in line 21 refer to(A) Florida(B) the peninsula(C) the Lake Wales Ridge(D) the Miocene era10. The passage probably continues with a discussion of(A) ancient scrub found in other areas of the country(B) geographers who study Florida's scrub(C) the climate of the Lake Wales Ridge(D) the unique plants found on the Lake Wales Ridge参考答案：BDACB DADCD以上就是前程百利为大家整理的老托福阅读真题，考生可进行参考训练以提高自己的考试水平。
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