词类转换(英语翻译技巧)

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翻译技巧词类转换法

翻译技巧词类转换法
3. Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had foundered on
one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make one-site inspection of the Soviet Strategic-arsenal and Russia’s refusal.
第9页,此课件共28页哦
I. Converting to verbs
练习(二)
1. Not only does dark energy appear to make up the bulk of the universe, but its existence, if it stands the test of time, will probably require the development of new theories of physics.
waste of time. 工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会,他们认为对这个问题进
行任何调查都是浪费时间。
5. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current
affairs. 练习: 1. The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East
8. In general, drying a solid means the removal of relatively small
amounts of water or other liquid from the solid material to reduce the content of residual liquid to an acceptable low value.

词类转换翻译法

词类转换翻译法

词类转换翻译法在英译汉的过程中,有些句子可以逐词对译,有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同,就不能逐词对译。

原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类,才能使汉语译文通顺自然。

一、名词的转译1.英语名词转译成动词由动词派生的名词,具有动词意思的名词,以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等,这些名词都可以转译成动词。

【例1】The remembrance of these will add zest to his life.×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。

【译文】回想起这些事情,会给他的生活增添乐趣。

【例2】He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people.×他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。

【译文】他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。

【例3】Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws.×其他政府活动则是各个州的责任,各州都有自己的宪法和法律。

【译文】其他政府职能则由各个州来承担,各州都有自己的宪法和法律。

【例4】The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机,听到隆隆的机声,我感到特别神往。

【例5】To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing.【译文】据我所知,有几台计算机失踪了。

【例6】He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him.×他是个好听众,所以他们喜欢同他谈话。

考研英语翻译四种词类转换技巧

考研英语翻译四种词类转换技巧

考研英语翻译四种词类转换技巧词类转换就是把英语中的某种词性,转换成汉语中的另外一种词性来表达的翻译技巧。

由于英汉语言的差异,在翻译时,需要进展此类的转换,本文重点介绍以下四种常考的词类转换技巧:在翻译的过程中,会遇到大量由动词派生的名词或具有动作意义的名词,这些词在翻译时可以转译成汉语的动词。

He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.英语中有许多由名词派生的动词,以及由名词转用的动词,在翻译时往往不容易找到相应的动词,这时可以将其转译为名词。

The giraffe is characterized by its very long neck.在英语中,形容词常常与系动词搭配构成“系表构造”。

“系表构造”做谓语,从而使这些形容词具有了动作的意味,翻译的时候需转换为动词。

这些形容词包括表示知觉、思维、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词。

常见的与思维和知觉相关的形容词有:aware, conscious, certain, sure, mindful, ignorant, alert等;与情感相关的形容词有:glad, pleased, cautious, careful, angry, happy, exhilarated, excited, confident, thankful, grateful, concerned, eager, afraid, doubtful, sorry等;与欲望相关的形容词有:desirous, hopeful, anxious, keen, enthusiastic, zealous等。

Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly beinjurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.由于英语中的名词在翻译的时候可以转换成汉语动词,所以修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。

翻译技巧汇总 词类转译法

翻译技巧汇总 词类转译法

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课堂练习
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science.
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课堂练习参考译文:
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 不能抗拒诱惑的人往往要犯错误。 • 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 老人在同儿子谈话时宽恕了年轻人过去的种种劣迹。 • 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science 他从来没有上过医学院,但他却获得了理学博士这样难得 的荣誉学位
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英语名词译成汉语动词时,修饰该名词的形容词往 往转译成汉语副词 • Below 4°C, water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction. • 水在4摄氏度以下就不断地膨胀,而不是不断地收 缩。 • Only when we study their properties can we make better use of the materials. • 只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。

8.词类转译

8.词类转译

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8. 词类转译——汉译英的词类转换
2. 名词转译为动词
1) 结婚戒指是夫妇结合的象征。 A wedding ring symbolizes the union of husband and wife. 2) 工厂必须把增加产量作为自己的目标。 The factory must aim at an increase in production.
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8. 词类转译——英译汉的词类转换
2. 动词转译为名词
A. 名词派生的动词 1) An interest in people’s deepest feelings characterizes all her writings. 对人们最深沉感情的关注,是她所有著作的特征。 2) She personifies beauty and grace.
她是美丽与优雅的化身。
B. 名词转用的动词 1) You can see what a Dodo looked like from the picture. 你可从照片中得知渡渡鸟的模样。 2) These exercises are designed to strengthen the muscles. 这些锻炼的目的是为了增强肌肉。
1) We have ruled out tool use and invention as ways of telling animal behavior from human behavior.
我们已经把使用和发明工具,从区分动物和人类行为的方法 中排除出去了。 2)Another way of dealing with enemies is either to have a very good protection or to be able to escape quickly. 还有一种对付敌人的方式是,要么防卫可靠,要么能够迅 速逃跑。

英汉翻译中词性转换的技巧

英汉翻译中词性转换的技巧

In science, it is important to state a law or a principle accurately. 在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重 要。 With slight repairs, the machine could be in motion. 只要称加修理,这台机器便可以运转。 From the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy. 我们在前后左右严密地监视敌人。
Exercise
Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.
国与国社会制度的不同应妨碍彼此的接近与合 作。 It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty. 我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫 困。
英汉翻译中词性转换的技巧
由于英汉两种语言在语法和表达方式 等方面存在着许多差异,因此英译汉 时常常有必要改变表达方式,使译文 通顺流畅、地道可读。这种变通技巧 就是转换法(shift of perspective)。转 换的形式多种多样,大体可分为7种: ①词类转换,②句子成分转换,③表 达方式转换,④自然语序与倒装语序 转换;⑤正面表达与反面表达转换, ⑥主动式与ey had a dozen children, six boys and six girls, in seventeen years. 在17年中,他们生了12个孩子,6男6女。 (5) She has been a widow only for six months. 她丈夫死了至今才不过半年。 (原文是从妻子的角度加以陈述的,而译文是从 丈夫的角度加以陈述的。如果不改变表达方式, 而搬用原来的表达方式,那译文就是:"她只当了 6个月的寡妇。"这就会给人以错觉:她很快就改 嫁了。) (6) ──Is there a special rate by the month? ──Yes, there is a 10% discount. ──按月计算有什么优惠吗? ──有,可以打9折。

英语翻译转换法

英语翻译转换法
my decision. 我深信我的决定是正确的。n.—adj. 2.The garden party is a great success. 那个花园聚会真是成功极了/圆满极了。
n.—adj.
四). 其它词类转译
参考译文: 1. We took brief, restless naps.
我们短短地,不安地睡了几次.adj.—adv.
一、词类转换
概念:将源语中属于一种词类的词语翻译成为目 标语中属于另一类词类的词语的翻译方法。
转译为动词 转译为名词 转译为形容词 其它词类转译
(一) 英语名词、介词、形容词或副词转换为汉语动词
1. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. 读一点世界史,对学习时事是有帮助的.
2. A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained from here. 从这里可以看到富士山。
3. Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then into a huge building. 他们沿着大街走去,经过许多商店,穿过一个大广场,然后进入了一 座大厦.
2. This film impressed me deeply. 这部电影给了我深刻的印象adv.—adj.
3. He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他身体虽弱,但思想健康。adv.—n.
Reference:
1. He is no smoker, but his father is a chainsmoker.

英汉互译八种技巧

英汉互译八种技巧
man; and writing an exact man. ❖ 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。 ❖ Histories make men wise; poets witty; the
mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. ❖ 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科 学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善 辩。
thought and thought it over and over. 他有又上床去,左思右想,想个不停。
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这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。 What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.
of success. ❖ 不要害怕失败。失败是成功之母。 ❖ Translation from Chinese into English is not
so easy as that from English into Chinese. ❖ 汉译英不像英译汉那么容易。 ❖ A large family has its difficulties. ❖ 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。
常用的翻译技巧
1. 重复法 (repetition) 2. 增译法 (amplification) 3. 减译法 (omission) 4. 词类转换法 (conversion) 5. 词序调整法 (inversion) 6. 分译法 (division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法 (negation)(反译法) 8. 语态 变换法 (the change of the voices)
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词类转换英汉两种语言属于不同的语系,英语属于印欧语系,汉语属于汉藏语系。

不同语系的语言,无论在词汇方面或在语法方面都有很大的差别。

在科技英语翻译实践中,在很多情况下需要进行词类转换。

所谓词类转换,是指把原文语言中的某一词类转移成汉语的另一词类而言。

掌握翻译中的词类转换译法,就可使我们敢于脱离原文词类的限制,跳出原文词类的框框,用汉语的适当词类予以表达。

一,转换成汉语动词。

英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词用得比较多,这是一个特点,在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词,在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。

在英语中不少词类在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。

1,名词转换成动词英语中大量具有动作意义的名词和动词派生出来的名词往往可以译成动词。

With a click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second.只要一点鼠标,来自世界另一端的信息便会以每秒绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。

China’s first atomic blast in october 1964 was a great shock to the world.1964年10月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹,全球为之震惊。

Can artificial fibers be used as substitutes for natural fibers?人造纤维能代替天然纤维吗?We must place stress on the prevention of disease.我们应以预防疾病为主。

This situation requires the formation of a new strategic frame.这种形势要求制定新的战略框架。

The UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflicts on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab ackowledgement of Israel’s right to exist.联合国文件要求,以色列撤出所占土地,阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利,在此基础上,解决中东冲突。

2,形容词转换为动词,英语中某些表示状态,知觉。

情感,态度,感受,感觉,信念等意义,在句中作表语的形容词以及同介词搭配构成句子表语或定语的形容词,通常可译成汉语中的动词。

The amount of work is dependent on the applied force and the distance the body is moved.功的大小取决于所施加的力与物体所移动的距离。

The amount of work is equal to the product of the force by the distance.功的大小等于力和距离的乘积。

Copper wire is flexible.铜线容易弯曲。

While the Chinese are eager to import modern medical technology from the West, increasing members of Westerners are equally interested in adopting the traditional medical remedies of China.现在中国人热衷于从西方国家进口现代化医疗技术,而越来越多的西方人则热衷于接受中医疗法。

其他一些和介词构成词组在句中用作表语或定语而且常可译成动词的形容词还有:Destructive of …. 有害于,有损于,Different from…不同于,有别于exclusive of (from)…不算,免除Full of …充满parallel to (with ) 平行于peculiar to …. 限于Responsible for…..担负,负责Scarce of ….. 缺乏,不足similar to …. 类似于Short of ….. 缺乏subject to …….易受,受….支配Worthy of …. 值得Relative to …. 与…有关3,副词转换为动词英语中有些作表语的副词或复合宾语中的副词,往往可译为汉语中的动词。

The test was not over yet.实验还没结束。

An exhibition of new products is on there.那正在举办新产品展览会。

The experiment in chemistry was ten minutes behind.这个化学实验延误了10分钟。

The electric current flows through the circuit with the switch on.如果开关接通,电流就流过线路。

He took the machine apart yesterday.他昨天把机器拆开了。

4,介词转换成动词英语中的介词或介词短语在许多情况下可以译成汉语的动词,尤其当他们用作表语或状语时。

The volume of a gas becomes smaller when the pressure upon it is increased.当作用在气体上的压力增大时,气体的体积就缩小。

No body at rest can be set in motion whthout a force being acted upon it.没有力的作用,静止的物体不可能开始运动。

Many laboratories are developing medicines against AIDS.许多实验室正在研制治疗艾滋病的药物。

二,转换成汉语名词1,动词转换成名词Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the latter.气体和固体的区别在于前者比后者有更大的可压缩性。

The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computations.电子计算机的主要特点是计算准确而快速。

Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water.水银的重量约为水的13倍。

Smith aims to become a computer expert.史密斯的目标是相当一名计算机专家。

2,形容词转换成名词英语中有些形容词加上定冠词the表示某一类人或物,汉译时常译成名词。

另外,英语中有些表示事物特征的形容词作表语时,往往也可在其后加上“性”,“度”,“体”等词,译成名词。

The atmosphere is only about 11 kilometers thick.大气的厚度约为11000米。

People are so much more flexible and inventive than robots.人类比机器人更灵活而且更富有创造性。

The more carbon the steel contains, the harder and stronger it is.钢含碳量越高,强度和硬度就越大。

Ice is not as dense as water and it therefore floats.兵的密度比水小,因而能浮在水面上。

3,代词转换成名词英语中的代词译成汉语,有时为了使译文规范,须转换为名词。

We need frequencies even higher than those we call very hign frenquency.我们所需要的频率,甚至比我们称作高频率的频率还要高。

According to a growing body of evidence, the chimicals that make up many plastics may migrate out of the material and into foods and fluids, ending up in your body.越来越多的证据表明,许多塑料制品的化学成分会移动到食物或流体上去,最终进入人体内。

For nearly two thousand years it was mistakenly believed that all heavy objects fell faster than light ones.在长达两千年的时间里,人们都认为一切重物都比轻物落得快。

这种观念是错误的。

4,副词转换成名词英语中有些副词,在句子中用作状语,译成汉语时可根据具体情况转换成汉语的名词。

India has the software skills and thousands of software developers who are English-speaking and technically proficient.印度拥有软件设计方面的技术,而且拥有成千上万能说英语,精通技术的软件工程师。

The only naturally occurring substance used as fuel for nuclear power is U-235.在自然界所存在的物质中,只有铀-235可以用作获得核能的材料。

A look ahead gives petroleum an exciting role in the world of tomorrow.展望未来可以看到石油将在世界上起到令人鼓舞的作用。

Oxygen is one of the important elements in the physical world; it is very active chemically.氧是物质世界的重要元素之一,其化学性能很活泼。

三,转换为汉语形容词1,副词转化成形容词This new electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure.这种新型的电子计算机的主要特点是结构简单。

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