动态提高输电线路容量在线监测系统——数据采集终端电源系统的设计与实现

上海交通大学硕士学位论文动态提高输电线路容量在线监测系统——数据采集终端电源系统的设计与实现姓名：吴波申请学位级别：硕士专业：高电压与绝缘技术指导教师：江秀臣20080124动态提高输电线路容量在线监测系统—数据采集终端电源系统的设计与实现摘 要当今我国电网的输电能力受到较多限制，超高压输电线路利用率和输电容量偏低，输电瓶颈并未消除，区间供电能力依然不足。

实际上，目前对所有的输电线路规定的静态容量都留有很大的裕量，输电线路的负载能力并没有充分利用。

如果能充分利用现有输电线路的输送能力，将使输电容量增加20%~70%。

理论表明，采用动态提高输电线路输送容量DLR(Dynamic Line Rating)技术能够极大地提升我国电网输送能力，起到少建或缓建输电线路的目的。

实验室开发的DLR系统通过对输电线路各种状态量的测量和报告，将数据传输到后台专家系统进行分析与决策，能准确对输电线路进行动态增容。

本文主要研究了DLR 系统中数据采集终端电源系统的设计与实现。

论文前两部分介绍了目前动态提高输电线路容量技术国内外发展状况，阐述了线路动态增容的原理，提出了测量张力、温度、风速和风向等参数来计算线路温度、弧垂和载流量，并详细列出了计算公式和计算过程。

其中基于张力测量导线的温度为国内首创，同时对DLR系统的各个重要组成部分如数据采集终端、电源系统、通信平台和监测管理平台分别进行了介绍。

论文的第三部分详细说明了太阳能光伏电源系统的各部分的特性和功能，以及针对这些特性所采取的一系列设计和实现方法。

如针对太阳能光伏阵列的特性提出用太阳能最大功率点跟踪法来实现太阳能始终输出最大功率；针对蓄电池的特性提出用蓄电池分组充放电管理来保证蓄电池的使用寿命；设计和实现了I2C总线上层协议，用来进行太阳能电源系统单片机与数据采集系统终端单片机之间的通讯；根据设备功耗需要与安装地点的气候情况，确定了光伏阵列和蓄电池容量；从硬件和软件上提出了一些抗干扰措施，并应用于系统中，通过电磁兼容EMC(Electro Magnetic Compatibility)测试表明系统有很好的抗干扰性能。

第四部分研究了太阳能最大功率点跟踪的实现方法，提出采用扰动观察法来实现最大功率点跟踪，并用实验进行了验证；提出并实现了多电池组协调控制与充放电优化管理策略；其中将蓄电池分组进行充放电管理是本电源系统的特色和创新。

实际运行结果表明，采用扰动观察法很好的实现了太阳能最大功率点跟踪，提高了蓄电池的充电效率；多电池组的充放电管理，有利于提高蓄电池的使用效率和延长蓄电池的使用寿命。

最后对研究和开发DLR系统的工作进行了总结，提出了一些仍需要改进的地方。

通过与实验室其他同学的配合，DLR系统各功能顺利实现，即将在南方电网公司挂网运行。

关键词：导线容量；导线张力；导线弧垂；动态提高输电线路容量(DLR)；光伏电源；最大功率点跟踪；充-放电管理；电磁兼容(EMC)ABSTRACTThere are a lot of limitations in domestic power transmission network. The efficient and capacity of high voltage power transmission is low. Obstacles in power transmission have not been eliminated. The power transmission line is still lack of power supply ability. In fact, right now all the transmission lines of the provisions of the static capacity allow for a wide margin. The transmission line load capacity is not fully utilized. Therefore, if we can make full use of the existing transmission lines in the power transmission capacity, transmission capacity will increase 20%-70%. Theory shows that domestic power carrying capacity can be largely enhanced by using DLR （Dynamic Line Rating）,so that less power transmission lines as well as relevant equipments need be installed. The parameters related to transmission line is measured and reported by the DLR system developed in our laboratory. The data is analyzed by the background server to make some decisions. The DLR system can increase the capacity of the transmission line well and truly. This paper mainly study the calculate method of the increasing of the capacity of the transmission line and the design and application of the power supply system.In the first two part of this thesis, the recent domestic and overseas development of DLR technique was introduced. And then, the principle of DLR was expatiated, the proper parameters such as tension, temperature, wind speed, wind direction were measured to calculate the temperature, arc droop, current quantity carried by transmission line，also calculate formular and process were listed in detail. The tension-based method to measure the temperature of line is the first to be pointed out domestic. At the same time, different important parts of the DLR system such as data acquisition system, power supply system, communication flat roof, monitoring management flat roof were introduced separately.In the third part, different parts of the solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply system were described in characteristic and function in detail, and a series design and appilication methods were proposed to meet the need. For example, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) was proposed to ensure the maximum output of PV array and the charge efficiency, battery grouping and the charge and discharge strategy was proposed to ensure the life of the battery pack, designed and realized the I2C line agreement which was used to communicate between the SCM of the power supply system and the SCM of the data acquisition system, the capacity of PV array andbattery was selected according to the need of the power consumption of devices and the weather condition the devices was placed,some methods was proposed to resist disturb from the transmission line in ways of hardware and software, and was applied to the DLR system. The EMC test shows the good disturb resist ability of the DLR system.In the fourth part, the method of realizing the MPPT was studied, Perturb & Observe was proposed to realize the MPPT, and experiments were done to validate it, battery grouping and the charge and discharge strategy were proposed and realized, Battery grouping and the charge and discharge strategy was an innovation in the design of the power supply system. The operation results show that perturb & observe methods excellently realize the MPPT, improve the charging efficiency of the PV array, battery grouping and the charge and discharge management extend the life of battery pack.Finally, the works of studying and developing in DLR system were summarized, and something still need to be improved was proposed. The function of the system was realized though the cooperation of the companions in the laboratory and the equipment had run in some transmission line in the southern power grid company. The results show that the equipments function very well and totally met the application need. KEY WORDS: Line Capacity, Line Tension, Line arc droop, Dynamic Line Rating, Photovoltaic Power Supply, MPPT, Charge and Discharge Management, Electro Magnetic Compatibility上海交通大学学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。