智能建筑英文翻译
智能建筑和建筑管理系统摘要：伴随着社会的急速发展，民用高层建筑也日益趋于智能化。
本文主要介绍智能建筑的设计和智能家居的应用，照明系统的节能和控制方法，以及北方建筑的暖气设计应用。
关键词：智能建筑、智能家居、照明控制、照明系统、暖气1前言智能领域的建筑，智能家居，建筑管理系统（房屋管理中心）包含了一个巨大的各种技术，各地商业，工业，体制和住宅楼宇，包括能源管理系统和建设控制的功能，建设管理系统的核心是'智能建筑'的概念，其目的是为了控制、监测和优化建设服务，例如，照明;加热;安全，闭路电视及警报系统;存取控制;视听和娱乐系统;通风，过滤和气候控制等;甚至产品的考勤控制和报告（尤其是工作人员的运动和供货）潜在的这些概念和周边技术是巨大的，和我们的生活正在发生变化的影响，从智能建筑的设计与发展对我们的生活和工作环境的影响，对设施的规划和设施管理，也是潜在的巨大的。
任何设施管理人员考虑楼宇发展或网站的搬迁也应考虑所带来的机会智能建筑技术及概念。
这项免费的概要文章是由一家总部设在英国的首席专家加里米尔斯提供，他在智能建筑，智能家居，以及大厦管理系统都有非常熟练以及高超的水平。
智能建筑物和建筑管理系统在20世纪70年代已经在工业界开始应用，从制度和管制使用的自动化生产过程和管理植物的生长。
发达国家智能建筑在80年代概念和应用软件的发展和标准化，使智能楼宇的技术和系统，可以在以住宅和商业部门之间转让。
2智能建筑控制理论智能建筑的本质，建设管理系统和智能建筑是在控制技术，使服务一体化，自动化和优化的所有服务和设备提供服务和管理环境的建设。
可编程逻辑控制器（PLC），形成了原来的基础上的控制技术。
后来的事态发展，在商业和住宅的申请，是基于分布式智能的微处理器。
稍后这些技术的采用和发展，让各种网站的建设和服务得以优化，往往高产显着并且降低成本和节省大量能源。
有很多方法，其中建设服务的建筑物内可以得到控制，下降大致可分为二的方法类型：基于时间-提供暖气或照明服务等，只有在需要时；基本参数的优化-经常使用的名词，代表环境方面的服务，如温度的空间加热或照度的照明。
3暖气3.1基于时间的控制基于时间的控制，可以用来打开和关闭供暖系统（和/或热水）在预先选定的时期（一天，一周等）。
优化参数：无论任何条件下，确保建设达到预期的温度，开始入住房间。
3.2优化基于参数（温度）控制的例子温度控制：保护对冻结或霜冻保护一般涉及运行供暖系统水泵和锅炉，当外部温度达到了一定时（0 ° C时）。
补偿系统：当室外温度下降，将控制流温度，在加热电路相对外部温度。
这将提供一个上升的电路流温度。
散热器恒温阀：这些意义上的空间温度在一个房间内和节流阀的流量相关，所以通过装上散热器或变换器控制。
比例控制：涉及交换设备，并自动关闭，以规管输出。
其他的方法可以包括恒温器，红外传感（被动式红外线感应器），用户手册和控制。
4照明控制方法不同的控制系统的存在，再次基于时间的控制和优化基于参数的情况下的水平照度或特定用途的照明是必需的。
区域：灯开关就相应的使用和布局的照明领域，如果只有一小部分，为了避免照明一大片，它需要微亮。
时间控制：开关和关闭自动在每个区域，以预设的时间表，轻微损耗。
被动式红外线（红外）入住遥感：在地区是被侵入的间歇，入住传感器可以用来表明是否或有没有任何人。
轻一级的监测：这包括调光开关或人工照明，以维持一个轻的水平来衡量一个光电。
5建设管理系统和智能建筑5.1节约能源直到最近几年，能源效率一直是大厦的业主和投资者比较低的优先和低限度的考虑。
但是，随着急剧增加的和认识能源使用的关注和进步，符合成本效益的技术，能源效率正在迅速成为一部分房地产管理，设施管理和运作策略的概念，现在也作出重大大举进入国内住宅建筑部门。
照明，节约能源的最多可以有75 ％的原电路的负荷，它代表5 ％的能源消费总量的住宅和商业部门。
节约能源的潜力，从水加热，冷却，或热水的生产，最多可以有10 ％，代表多达7 ％的能源消费总量的国内住宅及商业部门。
经验研究表明，在奥地利的潜在加热和冷却可节省的能源是高达30 ％，在公共建筑物。
甚至让事实，即建筑物所使用的研究可能已被那些有特别高的能源用量，这个数字是一个令人印象深刻的一个。
（资料来源： eu2分析和市场调查，欧洲的建筑技术在中环及中东欧国家）5.2环境和温室气体的好处减少对温室气体排放量的依赖和相关的减少能源的使用。
智能建筑和楼宇管理系统的技术直接有助于减少能源的使用，在商业，工业，体制和国内住宅部门。
在短期内，智能楼宇和适当的应用管理系统的建设有利于环境。
立法和环境标准，卫生和安全规定，和全球趋势对改善室内空气质量标准，都是显着的办法，并提供一个连续认可的需要-建设管理系统和智能建筑技术。
政府的措施在世界各地也有强劲的发展，并通过大厦管理系统的技术。
例如，英国碳信托允许增强资本免税额（非洲经委会），以作抵销对税务关于能源效率的制度，从而使储蓄的30 ％左右，为所有能源相关的建设管理系统和智能楼宇设备，以及相关的安装和设计成本。
5.3市场趋势仔细解释，是必要的。
在英国，通过控制技术进入新的建设和翻新的主要行业是比较高的：估计在数年前的英国市场的建设管理控制系统的新建和主要翻新，所有部门，建议通过市场（如在1994年，评估英国能源的RTD）：暖气控制70 ％；热水系统控制的90 ％；空调控制80 ％。
不过，根据欧洲委员会的记录多达90 ％的现有的建筑物已不适用或无效的管制，其中有许多需要完成的整修控制系统。
此外传统的控制系统停止短期自动化智能建筑的全部功能。
一个重要的因素是人类所需的最优秀的有效运作，即使控制系统正确地指明和安装。
鉴于典型的装置和设备经常存在的问题，为建设占用于住宅或用于商业的使用情况操作是否正确和正确的运作是至关重要的有效的结果。
教育用户，改善系统的设计方便用户，并提供有关指示和信息都是至关重要的，使理论转化为实践，并实现潜在的效益和节省。
5.4实际利益能源的有效的制度，平衡建设的电灯，日光和机械系统以谋求最大利益。
加强照明设计是一个多电器布局。
它必须考虑的实际需要，季节和气候的日光变化，及其对建筑物的机械系统的影响。
6照明系统加入日光到建设中去是一个方法，以达到能源效益的设计。
对于阳光的有效利用，可以使人们更快乐，更健康，更具生产力减少需要的电灯，大量的金钱可以节省能源。
几乎每一个商业大厦是一个潜在的节能项目，如电力照明系统，可设计为暗灰色。
高达75 ％的照明能源消耗可节省。
此外，通过减少电灯照明，并尽量减少太阳能热增益，控制的照明还可以减少建筑物的空调负荷。
7机械系统暖通空调系统和控制措施，包括应用分配制度的空气进入工作区，是机械零件的建筑物，影响热舒适性。
这些系统必须共同努力，提供建筑的舒适度。
而不是通常的一种的美学大厦，他们是至关重要的因素在于其业务和乘员的满意度。
办公室投诉，人数最多的是因为工作场所太热，人数第二的是办公室太冷。
很多人应付加入的投诉，通常进行恒温战争是与他们的合作同事，或者干脆离开办公室。
智能家居住户可以驱车前往服务中心，调整舒适的空间。
不适当的温度，湿度，通风，室内空气品质也有重大影响的生产力和健康。
当我们处于热舒适的空间，我们可以更好地开展工作，更长的时间的放松，呼吸更容易，我们的注意力集中也会更好。
为了提供一个舒适和健康的室内环境建设机械系统必须：提供一个可接受的水平，温度和湿度和安全防范，气味和室内空气污染物。
创造意识的可居住性，通过空气流动，通风和轻微的温度变化。
让乘员可以控制和修改条件，以符合个人喜好。
8阻力大厦管理系统和智能建筑技术“我们的楼宇已具能源效益的” 。
（是整个建筑的节能，或是业主，限制他的重点，以公用地方及毛额租用空间？）“我们宁愿设备与最低的成本时，首先装修租客空间” 。
（是否规范有任何的想法谁承担增加的经营成本，这样的策略呢？）“我们需要一个为期两年的简单的回馈或更少” 。
（这仍然是现实，20年前鉴于该回报率对货币市场是其中的十分之一？）“住户支付所有的能源成本，并会得到所有的储蓄” 。
（请勿相信住户真的支付所有的能源，通常能源超过预先设定的基准年或直到停止？）“我们正在出售的建设”。
（我们是否应该承担，然后降低营运开支和收获增益资产价值并不重要？）9智能建筑9.1建设管理系统为住宅的申请与广泛采用数字技术将有一场深刻变革，我们如何与他人沟通。
甚至如何，在我们的家园，我们商店进行服务，接收新闻，管理我们的财政状况，了解世界，并开展业务，管理资源，寻找娱乐，当我们进入老年并保持独立性和自主性。
这些活动的日益发生在家庭中。
作为我们的看法，银行，商店，大学，社区和城市的变化反应的新技术，使建筑建立管理制度，正在成为一个不平凡的新的重要性。
因为它存在的今天，家庭不能满足这些需求，或利用新的机会所造成的社会和技术的变化。
大多数人住的空间不能满足他们的需要。
直到最近，大多数房屋被有线仍略多于主要电子电路，数电话线，和几个电视电缆。
时代变了，电器及保安系统承办商经常安装低压电缆通信网，这就是广泛的智能家居或智能家居系统。
服务和设备，利用这些网络包括：安全、家庭影院和娱乐、电话，门电话和内部通信、个人电脑及互联网网络、监视摄像头、车道的车辆传感器、恒温控制、百叶窗和窗帘、输入系统，灌溉系统等等。
10智能家园智能家居是另一种的应用为智能化住宅的建设。
几年前，这些概念很少考虑到未来的发展，现在他们在一步步现实。
这些条款是现在常用来定义一个居住使用控制系统的整合居住的各种自动化系统。
整合民政系统，使它们能够互相沟通，通过控制系统，从而使单一的按钮和语音控制同时在预先编程的情景或经营模式下控制各种家用系统。
发展智能家居系统，集中讨论如何在家及其相关技术，产品和服务应该演变，以最好地满足面临的机遇和挑战的未来。
的可能性和排列是无止境的。
这里是一些例子：10.1智能家居案例1情况如下，家里可引发迫切的一个按钮上的一个关键环远程控制从您的车辆作为你的做法的车道上。
控制系统接收的关键环远程控制的命令。
这将触发预先编程的函数序列。
例如出发，把对照明在车道，车库，走廊，和厨房。
然后解除武装的保安系统，打开车库门，打开进入室内车库门，调整暖气，以预设的温度，并轮流对整个内部音响系统播放你最喜爱的CD ，同时你可以洗澡。
控制系统编程，以满足特定用户的需求，开创了连续自动操作的家用系统，在回应一个按钮命令的基础上。
10.2智能家居案例2在上午07时30分，你要清醒的声音，你最喜爱的CD中发出的背景，灯在您的卧室开关，让您醒来在自己的时间。
该楼下闯入者警报系统是激活的。
在厨房的咖啡机轮流上作出饮料。
地面的窗帘和百叶窗打开，毛巾架设起在浴室宽慰毛巾，你甚至还没有起床。
智能建筑中英文对照
外文文献：The Intelligent BuildingOne of the benefits of the rapid evolution of information technology has been the development of systems that can measure, evaluate, and respond to change。
An enhanced ability to control change has sparked developments in the way we design our physical environment, in particular, the buildings in which we work。
As a result, we are witnessing significant growth in the area of "Intelligent Buildings"--buildings that incorporate information technology and communication systems, making them more comfortable, secure, productive, and cost-effectiveWhat is an Intelligent Building?An Intelligent Building is one equipped with the telecommunications infrastructure that enables it to continuously respond and adapt to changing conditions, allowing for a more efficient use of resources and increasing the comfort and security of its occupants。
IT知识浅析（何为系统集成商）
IT知识浅析（何为系统集成商）IT知识浅析——系统集成商何为系统集成商？系统集成商（英文System Integrator），是指具备系统资质，能对行业用户实施系统集成的企业。
系统集成包括设备系统集成和应用系统集成，因此系统集成商也分为设备系统集成商（或称硬件系统集成商、弱电集成商）和应用系统集成商（即常说的行业信息化方案解决商）。
设备系统集成商进一步细分为智能建筑系统集成商、计算机网络系统集成商、安防系统集成商（安防工程商）。
系统集成商系统集成商要求具备有信息产业部、建设部、公安部相关资质和重要厂商的技术工程师证书。
对于大型项目的系统集成，将通过招标方式选择总包商，由总包商再进行子系统的分包。
小型项目的系统集成将通过方案建议书评议、产品选型简单流程进行。
一、什么是系统集成？系统集成，英文System Integration，指一个组织机构内的设备、信息的集成，并通过完整地系统来实现对应用的支持。
系统集成包括设备系统集成和应用系统集成。
设备系统集成，也可称为硬件系统集成、在大多数场合简称系统集成，或称为弱电系统集成，以区分于机电设备安装类的强电集成。
它指以搭建组织机构内的信息化管理支持平台为目的，利用综合布线技术、楼宇自控技术、通信技术、网络互联技术、多媒体应用技术、安全防范技术、网络安全技术等将相关设备、软件进行集成设计、安装调试、界面定制开发和应用支持。
设备系统集成也可分为智能建筑系统集成、计算机网络系统集成、安防系统集成。
智能建筑系统集成：英文Intelligent Building System Integration，指以搭建建筑主体内的建筑智能化管理系统为目的，利用综合布线技术、楼宇自控技术、通信技术、网络互联技术、多媒体应用技术、安全防范技术等将相关设备、软件进行集成设计、安装调试、界面定制开发和应用支持。
智能建筑系统集成实施的子系统的包括综合布线、楼宇自控、电话交换机、机房工程、监控系统、防盗报警、公共广播、门禁系统、楼宇对讲、一卡通、停车管理、消防系统、多媒体显示系统、远程会议系统。
智能建筑概念
精心整理1.智能建筑概念智能建筑是指利用系统集成方法，将智能型计算机技术、通信技术、信息技术与建筑艺术有机结合，通过对设备的自动监控，对信息资源的管理和对使用者的信息服务及其与建筑的优化组合，所获得的投资合理、适合信息社会知识经济发展需要，并且具有安全、高效、舒适、便利和灵活特点的建筑物。
根据GB/T50314-2000的定义，智能建筑IB是“以建筑为平台，兼备建筑设备、办公自动化及通信网络系统，集结构、系统、服务、管理及它们之间的最优化组合，向人们提供一个安全、高效、舒适、便利的环境”。
美国智能化建筑学会(AIBInstitute)对智能建筑IB的定义是：“I是将结构、系统、服务、运营及其相互联系全面综合，达到最佳组合，获得高效率、高功能与高化系BAS(BuildingAutomationSystem、办公自动化系OAS(OfficeAutomationSystem 和通信自动化系CAS(CommunicationAutomationSystem，即“3A”系统。
其基本内涵是：以综合布线系SCS(StructureCablingSystem为基础，以计算机网络系统为桥梁，综合配置建筑物内的各功能系统，全面实现对通信系统、办公自动化系统、大楼内各种设空调、供热、给排水、变配电照明、电梯、消防、公共安全的综合管理。
智能建筑优势集中体现在系统、管理以及服务等个环节，通过对以上环节的优化，营造安全、便捷、舒适而且高效的生活环境。
智能建筑的基础科学布线计算机技术只是其实现科学布线的手段在计算机技术的应用下完成多个系统的综性配置，继而对建筑内各个设备形成全方位管理2.1IBM系统概IBM集成管理系统利用建筑的信息网络，采用一体化集成的手段，把构成整个建筑的弱电系统的各自独立分离的设备功能和信息集成为一个相互关联完整和协调的综合网络系统，并过该系统把这些分散、复杂而庞大的各类设备和系统进行充分的信息、资源、任务共享从而方地在统一的界面上实现对各子系统全局的监视控制和管理这样不仅能有效控制和降低管理营运成本，提高建筑管理的效率和综合服务能力、对突发事件的控制和处理能力，将灾害损失减少到最低限度，还能实现对整个建筑进行最优化的控制和决策，达到高效、经济、节能、协调运行状态，并最终与建筑艺术相结合，创造一个舒适、温馨、安全的工作环境。
智能建筑基本概念
第二节 智能建筑定义与构成
欧洲的定义： ——创造一种可以使住户有最大效率环境的
建筑，同时该建筑可以使之有效地管理资 源，而在硬件设备方面的寿命成本最小。
Department of Building Services Engineering
第二节 智能建筑定义与构成
日本给出的智能建筑定义有四个方面： 1）作为收发信息和辅助管理效率的轨迹； 2）确保在建筑里工作的人们满意和便利； 3)建筑管理合理化，以便用低廉的成本，提
供更周到的管理服务； 4)针对变化的社会环境、复杂多样化的办公，
以及主动地经营策略，做出快速灵活和经 济的相应。
Department of Building Services Engineering
第二节 智能建筑定义与构成
中国学术界对智能建筑的定义： ——智能建筑系统是指利用系统集成方法，
将智能计算机技术、通信技术、信息技术 与建筑艺术有机结合，通过对设备的自动 监控，对信息资源的管理和对使用者的信 息服务及其与建筑的优化组合，所获得的 投资合理，适合信息社会需要，并且具有 安全、高效、舒适、便利和灵活特点的建 筑物。
大楼或智能化小区都在规划设计千兆以太 计算机宽带网络； 有线电视和双向网络是数字及图像传输的 不可缺的网络，能传输模拟图像也能传输 数字图像，实现IP电话、电视图像、计算机 数字应用；
Department of Building Services Engineering
第四节 智能建筑技术的发展与趋势
Department of Building Services Engineering
第四节 智能建筑技术的发展与趋势
自1984年建成第一座智能建筑以来，世界各国纷 纷效仿，智能建筑迅速在世界各地展开。集中体 现了信息社会的特征，它给居住在大楼里的人们 创造出一个安全、舒适、快速、便捷、节能等及 具增值服务的空间。
土木工程专业英语智能建筑
土木工程专业英语智能建筑Intelligent Buildings: A New Era in Civil EngineeringThe realm of civil engineering has witnessed a remarkable transformation in recent years, with the emergence of intelligent buildings as a revolutionary concept that has captivated the industry. These structures, designed and constructed with advanced technologies, represent a paradigm shift in the way we approach the built environment, offering unparalleled efficiency, sustainability, and user-centric experiences.At the heart of this revolution lies the integration of cutting-edge technologies, including artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), and advanced building automation systems. These innovative solutions have enabled civil engineers to create structures that can adapt to the ever-changing needs of their occupants, while also optimizing energy consumption, reducing environmental impact, and enhancing overall building performance.One of the key features of intelligent buildings is their ability to gather and analyze vast amounts of data in real-time. Sensors embedded throughout the structure continuously monitor variousparameters, such as temperature, humidity, lighting, and occupancy levels. This data is then fed into sophisticated algorithms that can identify patterns, detect anomalies, and make informed decisions to optimize the building's operations.For example, an intelligent building may automatically adjust the HVAC system to maintain optimal thermal comfort based on the number of occupants and their activities. Similarly, the lighting system can be programmed to automatically dim or brighten based on the natural light levels, reducing energy consumption while maintaining a comfortable and productive environment.Beyond energy efficiency, intelligent buildings also prioritize the well-being and productivity of their occupants. Advanced access control systems, combined with biometric identification, can create personalized experiences for each individual, tailoring the environment to their preferences and needs. This level of customization extends to features such as indoor air quality, acoustic comfort, and even ergonomic workspaces.The impact of intelligent buildings extends far beyond the confines of the structure itself. These innovative structures are redefining the way we approach urban planning and infrastructure development. By integrating with larger smart city initiatives, intelligent buildings can contribute to the efficient management of resources, transportation,and overall city operations.Moreover, the integration of intelligent building technologies has significant implications for the field of civil engineering. Civil engineers are now required to possess a deeper understanding of emerging technologies, as well as the ability to seamlessly integrate them into the design and construction process. This shift has led to the development of specialized curricula and research programs within civil engineering programs, ensuring that the next generation of professionals is equipped to tackle the challenges of the future.As the world continues to grapple with pressing issues such as climate change, population growth, and the need for more sustainable and livable environments, the role of intelligent buildings becomes increasingly crucial. Civil engineers, as the architects of the built environment, are at the forefront of this transformation, leveraging their expertise to design and construct structures that not only meet the functional requirements but also contribute to the overall well-being of the individuals and communities they serve.In conclusion, the emergence of intelligent buildings represents a transformative shift in the field of civil engineering. By seamlessly integrating advanced technologies into the built environment, civil engineers are paving the way for a future where buildings are not merely static structures, but dynamic, adaptive entities that respondto the ever-evolving needs of their occupants and the larger community. As we continue to explore the boundaries of what is possible, the promise of intelligent buildings stands as a testament to the ingenuity and forward-thinking of the civil engineering profession.。
智能建筑简介(2014-2)
（3） 办公自动化系统（OA）
办公自动化系统是把计算机技术、通信技术、 系统科学及行为科学，应用于传统的数据处理技术 所难以处理的、数量庞大且结构不明确的业务上。 1) 办公自动化系统的任务 • 事务处理(EDP) • 信息管理(MIS)
• 辅助决策(DDS)
OA系统功能示意图
2)
• 声音：其中有电话、语言输入／输出、声音
智能化建筑的特点
1) 发展迅速、内涵容量大。
2) 灵活性大，适应变化能力强。
3) 能源利用率高，能运行在最经济、可靠的状态。 4) 由于3A系统相互配合而产生许多新功能，包括： (1)建筑物管理系统与远程通讯系统的配合； (2)建筑物管理系统与办公自动化系统的配合； (3)远程通讯系统与办公自动化系统的配合。
智能建筑简介
1 智能建筑概念 2 智能建筑的组成和功能 3 智能建筑的3A系统
1 智能建筑概念
智能建筑（Intelligent Building）——将结构、 系统、服务、管理进行优化组合，获得高效率、 高功能与高舒适性的大楼，从而为人们提供一个 高效和具有经济效益的工作环境（美国智能型 办公楼学会定义）。 智能化建筑是建筑艺术与计算机和信息技术有机 结合的产物，是适应社会信息化与经济国际化的 需要，随着全球性信息高速公路的推进，发展智
• 磁卡电话磁卡电话是本世纪7年代后期开始使
用的新型公用电话。它主要解决了电话自动收 费问题。磁卡电话集中了计算机、通信、电磁 学的先进技术，具有使用方便、灵活，易于 集 中维护管理，更改费率方便，保密防伪造，可 靠耐用等优点。
2) 卫星通信
它利用装有微波转发器的同步人造地球卫星 作中继站，把地球上若干信号接收站构成通信 网，转接通信信号，实现长距离大容量的区域 通信，乃至全球通信。
浅析智能建筑
浅析智能建筑摘要：智能建筑是建筑技术和新兴信息技术相结合的产物，是科学技术、社会经济、信息通信发展的必然；智能建筑的设计应贯穿于规划、方案设计、施工图设计各阶段各专业。
关键词：智能建筑；智能化系统工程；设计；施工；Abstract: Intelligent building is the product of the combination of construction techniques and emerging IT, science and technology, socio-economic, development of information and communication necessity; intelligent building design throughout the planning, design, construction design professional of the various stages.Key words: intelligent building; intelligent systems engineering; design; construction;中图分类号：TS958.1+7文献标识码：A 文章编号：0、引言：自1984年世界上第一幢智能建筑诞生在美国之后，智能建筑如雨后春笋，在世界各地遍地开花；自20世纪90年代开始，中国开始加入智能建筑的建设队伍，几乎所有的地产商都在宣传他们的产品是如何如何的智能，有的称为3A智能大楼，有的称为5A甲级办公大楼等等，事实果然如此吗？智能建筑到底是什么？1、智能建筑概念：顾名思义，智能建筑就是智能的建筑，具有智能的建筑。
关于智能建筑的定义,各国不尽相同,以下介绍几种典型的定义：美国智能建筑学会：通过对建筑物的结构、系统、服务和管理方面功能进行优化的设计，提供一个投资合理又拥有高效率的幽雅、舒适、安全的环境空间。
智能建造的英语
智能建造的英语一、单词1. Intelligent- 英语释义：having or showing intelligence, especially of a high level.- 用法：可作形容词修饰名词。
- 双语例句：This is an intelligent building system.（这是一个智能建筑系统。
）2. Construction- 英语释义：the process or industry of building houses, factories, roads, etc.- 用法：作名词，可用于表示建筑相关的活动或行业。
- 双语例句：The construction of the bridge took two years.（这座桥的建造花费了两年时间。
）3. Automation- 英语释义：the use of machines andputers that can operate without needing human control.- 用法：作名词，用于描述自动操作的情况。
- 双语例句：Automation plays an important role in intelligent construction.（自动化在智能建造中起着重要作用。
）4. Technology- 英语释义：knowledge and use of scientific methods and materials for practical purposes, especially in industry.- 用法：作名词，可指各种技术。
- 双语例句：New technologies are constantly emerging in intelligent construction.（智能建造中不断涌现新技术。
）5. Robotics- 英语释义：the science or study of the technology associated with the design, fabrication, theory, and application of robots.- 用法：作名词，常与机器人相关技术联系。
智能建筑IB常用缩写
智能建筑IB 常用编写ACS( Access Control System)出入控制系统 (门禁)APH ，AP (Air Patch)无线自动交换机ANSI (American National Standards Institute)美国国家标准学会AM ( Amplitude Modulation)调幅AI (Analogue in)模拟量输入AO ( Analogue out)模拟量输出ALU ( Analogue Lines Unit)模拟用户线单元(电话交换机模拟分机板)ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) 非对称数据用户线ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式ATT ，ATTEN (Attenuation) 衰减ATU ( Analogue Trunk Unit)模拟中继单元(电话交换模拟进线板)AWG (The American Wire Gauge System)美国线规Background Sound 背景音响(公共广播)BISI (Building Intelligent System Integration) 建筑物智能系统集成BMS ((Building Management System) 建筑物管理系统BMCS ((Building Management & Control System) 建筑物管理与控制系统BA,BAS(Building Automation System) 建筑物自动化系统、建筑设备自动化系统Bluetooth 蓝牙技术(一种近距离无线网络技术)CATV (Cable Television)电缆(有线)电视Call center 呼叫中心CA ，CAS(Communication Automation System)通信自动化系统CRT (cathode Ray Tube)阴极射线管显示器，监视器CPU (Central Process Unit)中央处理器Channel 通道、链路、线路、电路CCD (Charge Coupled Devices) 电荷偶合器件(摄像机) CCTV(Closed Circuit Television)闭路电视监视系统CATV(Common Antenna TV) 共用天线电视CNS(Communication Network System通) 信网络系统CD(Compact Disc)光盘CDMA ( Code Division Multiplex Acces)s 码多分址 (数字式窄带无线通信系统)CAD(Computer Aided Design)计算机辅助设计Coax Cable 同轴电缆Console 话务台CSU(High C Bus Servers Unit) 高速 C 总线服务单元Data 数据DBMS(Data Base System)数据库软件DCE(Data Circuit Equipment) 数据电路设备DCE(Data Circuit Terminating Equipment) 数据电路终接设备DP(Data procession) 数据处理DTE(Data Terminal Equipment) 数据终端设备Decibel Ratio 分贝比Digital 数字，数字化方式DDN(Digital Data Network) 数字数据网DI(Digital In) 数字量输入DLU(Digital Line Unit) 数字用户单元(电话交换机数字分机板)DO(Digital out) 数字量输入DSP(Digital signal Processor数) 字信号处理器DTU (Digital Trunk Unit )数字中继单元(电话交换机数字进线板)DDC(Direct Digital Control) 直接数字控制DDC2B 主机与显示设备准双向通讯的协议标准DDN 数字数据网DVI ( Digital Visual Interface)接口，即数字视频接口DVR (Digital Video Recorder)数码录像机DDWG(Digital Display Working Group) 数字显示工作组EMC(Electro Magnetic Compatibility) 电磁兼容性EMI(Electro Magnetic Interference) 电磁干扰EDI(Electronic Data Interchange)电子数据交换E-mail 电子邮件ER(Equipment Room)设备室Ethernet (10 Base-T) (IEEE802.3)以太网FAX(Facsimile)传真FA，FAS(Fire Alarm System)火灾自动化报警系统EDID ( Extended Display Identification DATA)扩展显示识别数据FDDI(Fiber Distributed Data Inter face) 光纤分布数据接口FTTD(Fiber to The Desk) 光纤到桌面FTTH(Fiber to The system)光纤到家庭FS(File Server)文件服务器FAS(Fire Alarm System)火警系统FAS(Fire-fighting Automation System消) 防自动化系统FTP(Foil Twisted Pair)金属箔对绞线FR(Frame relay) 帧中继FDMA(Frequency Modulation) 多址连接方式频分多址Gateway 网关GSC(Generic Cabling System)综合布线系统HD(Hard Disk) 硬盘HVAC(Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning) 暖通空调控制系统HDMI(High Definition Multimedia Interface) 数字高清多媒体接口HDMI Founders HDMI 论坛HDTV(High Definition Television) 高清晰度电视HiFi (High Fidelity ) 高保真度HI(Host Interface Line) 主计算机接口HFC(Hybrid Fiber Coax) 光纤同轴电缆混合系统IDS(Industrial Distribution System)工业布线系统IN(information Network) 信息网络IT(Information Technology)信息技术IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineer)美国电气及电子工程师学会IBDN(Integrated Building Distribution) 综合建筑分布网络ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network)综合业务数字网IBS(Intelligent Building System) 智能建筑物系统IB(Intelligent Building) 智能建筑IOS(Intelligent Outstation)智能外围站ITV(Interactive Television)交互式电视Interference 串绕IDF(Intermediate Distribution Frame) 干线交接间，分配线架IEC(International Electrical Commission) 国际电工学工ISO(International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准化组织ITU ( International Telecommunication Union)国际电信联盟IP(Internet Protocol) 互联网协议，因特网协议Internet 因特网，互联网IOS 通信口LED(Light Emitted Diode) 发光二极管LAN(Local Area Network) 计算机局域网，局域网，本地网LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 液晶显示MO(Magnetic Optical Disk) 光磁盘MDF(Main Distributing Frame) 主配线架(总配线架，设备间，主交接间)MIS(Management Information System) 管理信息系统Microprocessor System微处理机系统MODEN (Modulator Demodulator) 调制解调器Multi Media 多媒体MCP(Multimedia Computer) 多媒体计算机系统MM ( Multimode optical fiber cable)多模光缆NEXT(Near End Cross-talk) 近端串音(扰)NCS(Network Control System) 网络控制系统NIU(Network Interface Unit) 网络接口单元NTE(Network Terminal Equipment) 网络端接设备OA ，OAS(Office Automation System) 办公自动化系统OCR(Optical Character Recognition) 光学字符识别Optical Disk 光盘OTDR 光时域反射Parallel Port 并行通信接口Parking Management System 停车场管理系统PIR(Passive Infrared Detector) 被动式红外线传感器Patch Panel 配线架，跳线架PC(Personal Computer) 微机，个人计算机PDS(Premises Distribution System建) 筑物结构化综合布线系统PDP( Plasma Display Pane)l 等离子体显示PABX(Private Automatic Branch Exchange ) 用户程控交换机，程控数字用户交换机PBX(Private Branch Exchange)用户交换机PLC(programmable Logic Controller)可编程序控制器PMS(Property Management System)资源管理系统，酒店职员管理系统PAS(Public Address System公) 共广播系统PA(Public Address公) 共广播PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network公) 共交换电话网PVCS(Public Video Conferring System公) 用型会议电视系统PSPDN 分组交换数据网Quad unit 画面分割器Racks机架RAM(Random Access Memory)内存Real time 实时RMU(Redundancy Memory Unit) 冗余存储器Router 路由器Rx 接受SATV(Satellite TV) 卫星电视SA，SAS(Security Automation System安) 全防范自动化系统SCS(Security system保) 安系统Serial port 串行通信接口Server 服务器STB(Set-Top-Box)机顶盒SCTP,STP(Shielded Twisted Pairs屏) 蔽双绞线S/N(Signal/Noise)信噪比SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol)简单网络协议Smart Card 智能卡SM(Single Mode Fiber)单模光纤Strike 电子门锁SCS(Structured Cabling System结) 构化综合布线系统SC(Supervisory Center)中央站，监控中心，管理中心SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) 监控和数据采集软件SDCA(Synchronization DCA)同步数据通信适配器SNA(Systems Network Architecture系) 统网络建筑TMDS ( Transition Minimized Differential Signaling)最小化传输差分信号TC(Telecom Closet)通信配线间，电信间TO(Telecommunication Outlet)信息插座TCS(Telecommunication System通) 信系统Token-ring (IEEE802.5) 发卡机TEP 时间/事件软件TP(Transition Point)过渡点TP(Twist Pair) 双绞线Tx 发射UPS(Uninterrupted Power Supply)不间断电源UTP(Unshielded Twisted Pair)非屏蔽双绞线VOD(Video on Demand)视频点播VOIP 网络电话VMS(Voice Mail System)话音邮递系统，有声邮件，语言信箱VCS(Video Conference System会) 议电视系统，会议电视WAN(Wide Area Network) 广域网WAP(Wireless Application Protoco)l 无线应用协议WP(Word Process)文字处理Work Area 工作区WWW(World Wide Web) 万维网。
智能建筑外文翻译中英文2018
外文文献翻译原文及译文(节选重点翻译)智能建筑外文文献翻译中英文文献出处：期刊：Alexandria Engineering Journal，第57卷，第4期。
2018，页码：2903-2910.译文字数：4800多字原文Intelligent building, definitions, factors and evaluation criteria ofselectionOsama OmarAbstractIntelligent building design is the future of building industries. Most modern public and residential buildings are planned with the objective of decreasing expenses by reducing energy consumption. Enhancing energy preservation strategies and using sustainable design approaches are necessary factors in developing this field. However, many definitions of 'intelligent buildings' are vague and don't mirror all the parameters. Because of the lack of practical context inclusive of the factors that regard the design of such systems, a comprehensive framework containing the convoluted criteria is demanded as a decision-making tool. In this research, a multi-criteria framework composed of sixty-eight sub factors on the core level is proposed as a comprehensive tool for the selective categorization of intelligent buildings. On the secondary level, eight quality condition components are considered as primary factors alongside the factors of energy and environment, space flexibility, cost-effectiveness, client comfort, working efficiency, safety, culture, and technology. By the end of this research, the final findings will endorse the usage of intelligent buildings from two points of view: The first includesa multi-criteria model used to define all factors involved in the design process, and the second proposes a conceptual model which aids in reducing the carbon dioxide emissions.Keywords：Smart cities，Sustainability，Energy consumption，Intelligent buildings1. IntroductionUpon research, it is recognised that buildings documented an astonishingly high of 41% of energy consumption in the United States [2]. However, in 2004, in EU, it is recognized that building consumption was documented as 37% of final energy, which on its own is larger than that documented for industrial sectors (28%) and that of transport reaching (32%). Also, the amount of energy usage in buildings of the United Kingdom rises faintly higher than that of the European figure (39%) [5]. Still, there remains effective and eye-catching chances to lessen the energy use of buildings’ while being cost effective and having noticeable returns than those of other sectors. Consequently, these reductions aided in achieving the International Energy Agency’s (IEA), which is summarized in reaching 77% reduction of the carbon footprint on earth in comparison to the baseline provided in 2050 and are considered to be essential factors in reaching this goal. This meets the target of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) which is to reach stabilized CO2 levels. Furthermore, in an investigationconducted by World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) in 2009, it was demonstrated that the energy consumed by buildings can be minimized radically, which will lead to saving energyequivalent to the entire transport sector today [7].In order to help address climate change, grid electricity can be depended on more since it originates from non-fossil sources (such as solar and wind) in order to make a difference. Also, there are numerous significant benefits to lessening energy consumption as it helps to preserve limited resources while also lessening the costs for both benefitting businesses and consumers in a short amount of time. Furthermore, the demand for non-carbon sources is probable to be minimized for years to come. Therefore, in order to transfer into the direction of a low carbon economy, it is fundamental to make “m ore intelligent” use of energy in buildings which will significantly affect the numbers on energy usage and cost savings. This is why ‘Energy intelligent buildings’ are becoming the next hype in modern day commercial building designs which target enabling intelligent control of the building [7]. The one factor that has clear and large effect on space heating, cooling and ventilation demand, is the occupant presence and his behaviour within buildings which are directly related to energy consumption by daily usage of lighting and space appliances as well as building controls [3]. As shown in many cases, carelessness andignorance may add one-third cost over the costs of designing appropriate energy performance in buildings, whereas an aware and wise behaviour can save the amount. [8], see Fig. 1.Countries, such as Lebanon, which have profuse natural energy resources, like as oil and gas for instance, still have energy issues. Yet in similar matters, according to the International Energy Agency statistics, Lebanon is not accountable for the energy produced or its use.However, some consequences may include the decrease of proper wellbeing and comfort of users which will therefore affect their productivity and satisfaction. This is why the efficient management of energy supplies through organizing the use of available resources, as well as using methods that optimize energy consumption while retaining high level of living standards is the core focus of numerous researches [5].The increasing demand for sustainable designs and green architecture has directed the industry towards the development of a fresh concept; Intelligent Buildings (IBs). This concept basically entails a continuous process of corresponding any environmental, social, and economic sustainability features to building designs. By depending on this design, building inhabitants and occupants will have more flexibility and comfort as well as maintaining the cost effectiveness of the building energy features. Moreover, the user’s safety will be taken int o regard aswell as achieving better and advanced environmental performance standards [4].A profound survey that integrates all the factors of people, product, and performances is critical because sustainable development combines them. The factor of People would include owners, users, occupants, and inhabitants, while the factor of Products would include equipment, materials, and facilities. Last but not least, the factor of Processes would contain maintenance, facilities management, as well as performance evaluation without any disconcert to the relationships between them [4].However, an examination into the origins of IBs in literature reveals that there is not a commonly acknowledged definition for it. This is a result of the overall lack of agreement on the selection factors as well as the criteria specific for the assortment and evaluation of proper building control systems. Seemingly, an inclusive definition that covers all parameters is vital for the decision-making procedure because without an accurate and common understanding, developing smart buildings that encompass the most efficient blend of social, environmental, and economic principles seems far from reach [4].1.1. Definition of intelligent buildingsConferring to the research conducted by Wigginton and Harris, ‘there exists more than 30 separate definitions of the term ‘intelligence’when it is relative to buildings’ [12]. Another research done on Intelligent Building Automation in Construction [13] states the most common theoretical and prac tical definitions of the term ‘intelligent building’ such as “Intelligent building is any building that provides a responsive, effective and supportive environment within which the organization can achieve its business objectives” [11]. Still, the IBI, which is also known as the Intelligent Building Institute (IBI) of the United States, as well as the UK-based European Intelligent Building Group (EIBG), proposed that the most accepted definitions of the term can be summarized as: “one which provides a productive and cost-effective environment through optimization of its four basic elements including structures, systems, services and management and the interrelationships between them” [12]. Another mentioned definition would be: “one that creates an environme nt which take full advantage of the efficiency of the building’s occupants, while at the same time enabling competent management of resources with the least possible life-time costs of hardware and facilities” [12]. The former definition, belonging to the IBI, stresses the advantages that the owners get and sheds light on their commonly preferred indoor environment. On the other hand, the latter definition stated by the EIBG focusses specifically on the benefit of the users and the production of necessary and adequate indoor environment for occupants. Nonetheless, both definitions are devoted to put the benefit of the managers in thespotlight as well as bringing the environmental and economic effect of fashioning favoured indoor environment to center stage [7].The UTBS Corporation, which is also known as the United Technology Building Systems Corporation of the USA, initially used the term ‘intelligent building’ back in 1981. In the couple of years to come, their efforts paid off as the City Place Building in Hartford Connecticut, USA, became known to the world as the first intelligent building to be completed. Since then, several definitions have been proposed for defining IBs by several reliable sources. Unfortunately, the initial definitions did not consider user requirements nor technological aspects in the definition process. This changed as recent definitions began to take into account occupant’s interactions with the internal space as their surrounding environment. In 1983, Cardin defined IB as “a buil ding which is equipped with fully automated building service control systems” (ASHRAE, 1989). However, this definition did not stand and was developed in 1988 by the Intelligent Building Institution in Washington as “one which integrates various systems to effectively manage resources in a coordinated mode to maximize: technical performance, investmentand operating cost savings, flexibility” (ASHRAE, 1989). Also, on more recent terms, Seo et al. said that ‘IBs are not intelligent on their own, but they can supply the users with more intelligent options thus enabling them to work competently’(ASHRAE,1989). In addition, it was also proposed that IBs can be a vital in lessening the initial capital outlay and at the same time enabling a higher impending return on investment (ROI) (ASHRAE, 1989).In other terms, some researchers define the intelligent building as a “multidisciplinary effort to integrate and optimize the building structures, systems, services and management in order to create a productive, cost effective and environmentally approved environment for the building occupants”.1.2. Factors and frameworkThe definition supported by the IBI focuses the owners’ benefits and their how well the indoor environment meets their requests, whereas that of the EI BG concentrates on building users’ benefits and how to create the requested indoor environment for dwellers. Nonetheless, either definition focuses on the benefits of the managers upon creating the required indoor environment as well as its impact on the environment and economy. Therefore, it is safe to say that intelligent buildings mainly consist of ten ‘Quality Environment Modules (QEM)’ which are as follows:M1: environmental friendliness – health and energy conservation;M2: space utilization and flexibility;M3: cost effectiveness – operation and maintenance with emphasis on effectiveness;M4: human comfort;M5: working efficiency;M6:safety and security measures –fire, earthquake, disaster and structural damages, etc.M7: culture;M8: image of high technology;M9: construction process and structureM10: health and sanitation.While considering the modules mentioned above, IBs can be defined as buildings that are “designed and established based on a suitable selection of ‘Quality Environmental Modules’that satisfy the user’s requests by mapping this module with appropriate building facilities to attain lifelong building values”. One type of IB can be formed upon selecting the appropriate QEM like ‘smart house’ or ‘green building’ [7]. The ten modules mentioned above comprise the first level which is also known as the fundamental level, of the definition. In the second level, other requested facilities or key elements can be added later upon demand which are listed in Table 2 [6].Using this technique, each type of building will have different design criteriaassigned to it that transpire it to be an IB. The buildings can vary in function between residential, industrial, commercial (office or retail), transportation terminals, educational, public services (libraries orcommunity centres) and those of religious purposes, etc. After, different modules can be categorized to each type of building according to priority (P1 the highest priority and P8 the lowest priority). Table 2 shows some examples of the proper assignment of modules to four different types of buildings [6].In order to achieve the most fitting research methodology for a successful experiential study, a number of five experts in the fields of IBs and BMS were involved regarding the importance of intelligence indicators. They were also asked to propose any additional factors if necessary. Taking their response into consideration, two parameters of “Fashion” and “Repair and development costs” were added as the sub-factors to the main factors of “Culture” and “Cost effectiveness”, respectively [4].The design team typically faces many challenges. One of the main tasks includes choosing the optimal arrangements that satisfy the concerns of developers while steadying these goals and the aspirations of the users. The variations of these multidimensional perspectives supplement the intricacies that have been included in the processes of evaluation and selection of the adequate control systems for intelligent buildings. Consequently, there is an indispensable necessity that the selection of evaluation tools to be acknowledged in order to facilitate proper decision making. As a result, an all-inclusive list of evaluationcriteria is made in an attempt to aid the decision makers in selecting the correct categ ories to reach the consumer’s satisfaction [4].2. New approach of intelligent buildings criteria selectionAs mentioned previously, the collected data showed that the title ‘Intelligent Building’ is still a vague in definition and in concept. In many cases, it is used in ways that are not always consistent as showed in Table 1. Table 1 displays some of different definitions and meanings that have been given to this title. In fact, the reasons behind the lack of agreement regarding the phrase ‘Intelligent Building ‘is that each definition based on the expertise of the subjects using them. However, it is agreeable that there remains one common ground between all the definitions, which is the main target of intelligent buildings design: Reducing the energy consumption and reducing the amount of CO2 which is produced from building sectors. With this in mind, the new approaches towards intelligent buildings criteria selection in the 21st century are showed in Fig. 5.Based on the Eight Quality Environmental Modules (QEM) in 1999 by Architect/Albert T.P. So and professor Wong, (Fig. 5) showed the fundamental level or main factors of definition of Intelligent Buildings from an architectural point of view, which are Building Management System (BMS), Building Automation System(BAS), Sensors, Smart Materials, Intelligent Skin or Interactive Facades, andPassive Design Techniques. This level of understanding and criteria selection will support the main challenge and objective facing the project team to reach the most efficient management of energy supplies through rational use of present resources and finding ways to optimize energy consumption while maintaining high level of living standards.On the secondary level of definition, most of the main factors were divided into two or more subdivisions to expand the scope of architectural techniques to support the main objective that is optimizing energy consumption through secondary level, which is showed in Fig. 6. Interactive facades, Intelligent skins, BAS, BMS, Environmental Sensor, Interaction Sensor, Interactive Materials, Intensive Properties, Indoor Environmental Control, Environmental Techniques, Solar Cells, Wind Turbines, Geothermal and all the criteria mentioned before fall in the secondary level of Intelligent Building Evaluation Criteria.The third level of evaluation criteria selection is found in the Core Level, which contains 64 parameters. This level ensures that the fundamental level and secondary level are working coherently to reach the final target of intelligent building design which is decreasing energy consumption while producing clean energy and reducing the CO2 emission showed in Fig. 7. This paper seeks to evoke progress in the state-of-art knowledge on what an Intelligent Building is, what it can do such as giving its users the most efficient environment, while utilizingand managing resources resourcefully and minimizing the life cost of hardware and facilities.3. ConclusionThis paper attempts to elucidate and broaden the scope of a concept that is becoming popular nowadays—that of the Intelligent Buildings. An in-depth analysis of the literature explains that the definition of ‘Intelligent Buildings’ is multi-faceted. Descriptions of Intelligent Buildings are now including User Comfort, Safety, Security, Environmental techniques, and energy consumptiontechniques. Many elements and dimensions characterizing Intelligent Buildings emerge from the examination of the existing literature. Yet, there has been several attempts to embrace all indexes in one definition. However, the purpose of this paper was not meant to outline a new framework for the assessment of intelligent building because experts suggest that such an attempt should be personalized to multidisciplinary issues. Also, a universal fixed system can be both challenging and problematic when it comes to forming a definition with consideration of the variety of characteristics of intelligent buildings around the world. Therefore, it is safe to say that some definitions posed by specific institutes lack universality.In conclusion, it is clear that intelligent buildings have become this century’s aspiration for the upcoming days of construction and buildingindustry. The paper shows the following points:1.The difficulty, however, of designing these buildings lies in the diversity of the aspects that impact the decision making process.2.Several present studies have succeeded in formulating a complete and inclusive outline of factors that affect the development of intelligent buildings.3.This framework consists of seven main quality environment modules from an architectural view whereas sixty-four key elements were sought out to form the secondary and core factors.4.Upon analysis of the collected data, it was made clear that three main targetsexist regarding IBs and can be summarized as those of “Safety and security”, “User comfort”, and “Environment and energy.5.Also, the outcomes of this study can provide a much clearer understanding of the method of designing a sustainable intelligent building.6.Correspondingly, this study showed how cities can be considered “Intelligent” by dwelling on definitions, factors, and evaluation criteria of selection.It is in hope that this paper will be useful to architects and decision makers who are seeking to learn how to identify intelligent buildings, plan incentives for their development, and to observe and witness the “smart” progress of their buildings.译文智能建筑，定义，因素和评估标准奥萨马·奥马尔摘要智能建筑设计是建筑行业的未来。