高中英语被动语态

Introduction（被动语态）Handout (1)Ⅰ. Multiple choice.1. These buildings ____ painted this time last year.A. wereB. beingC. have beenD. were being2. When ____ the composition ____ in?A. must, be handedB. should, handedC. must, handD. does, handed3. The suit ____ over $100. It will _____ at least 5 years.A. costs, lastB. is cost, is lastedC. costs, is lastedD. is costed, last4. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.A. hasn’t been decidedB. haven’t decidedC. isn’t being decidedD. aren’t decided5. The boy who ____ cheating in the exam _____ by the head teacher.A. has caught, will be punishedB. was caught, will be punishedC. caught, is to be punishedD. was caught, were punished6. Great changes _____taken place in the city, and a lot of factories _______.A. have been, have been set upB. have, have been set upC. has, have set upD. were, were set upⅡ. Cloze1. A new library ________________(build) in our city now.2. We shall _______________ (ask) to attend the meeting.3. He has worked in the factory since it ___________ (build) 10 years ago.4. So far, many man-made satellites ______________(send)up into space.5. The decision has to be ___________(make).6. Sheep are ___________ (keep) by farmers for __________ (produce) wool and mutton.7. Outer space ________ (not explore) by people before 1957.8. Computer science ________________(teach) now almost in all universities and institutes.9. The first railway in the world ______________ (design) in the last century.10. Five units of this textbook ________________ (study) by the end of last month.11. I don't like ________________________（laugh at）in public.12. Do you have a letter to ____________________ (post)?13. Visitors _____________________（request ）not to touch the exhibits.14. The meeting is to ______________________（put off ）till Friday.Presentation（被动语态）一、被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day.I am asked to study hard.Knives are used for cutting things.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→My bike is being repaired by Uncle Wang now.They are planting trees over there. →Trees are being planted over there by them.7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. →There are twenty more trees to be planted.二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1. 先找出谓语动词；2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。

例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.6. You must l ock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态。

What will happen in 100 years?The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。

This pen writes well.This new book sells well.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。

例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was se en to dropby a girl when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定,或是间接宾语加被动语态再加只接宾语。

H e gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 或是I was given a book by him.He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. 或是I was shown a ticket by him.My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 或是I was bought a new bike by my father.5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。