人教版八年级下册Unit1知识点详解

unit 1

1. What’s the matter (with you)? 怎么了？出什么事了？

What’s the trouble/ the problem / wrong with sb./ sth.? = What’s up? = What happens to sb.? 【注】：matter 和trouble 为名词，其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词, wrong 是adj. 不能加the. 【习】：—What’s the matter ______ Tom. He is wet through. —His car ran _______ the river.

A.with; in

B.to; into

C.with; into

【拓展】matter的用法

(1) It doesn’t matter 没关系（用来回答别人道歉时的用语）

【习】：—I’m very sorry. I broke your tea cup. —__________.

A. It doesn’t matter

B. You’d better not

C. T ake it easy

D. It’s too bad

(2) as a matter of fact= in fact 事实上, 实际上

2.I had a cold. 我感冒了。疑问&否定

have a/an + 疾病名词“患……病”(cold/fever/cough) have an accident

have a sore ( 因发炎引起的肌肉疼) throat/back 患喉咙/背痛have a heart problem

have a fever 发烧have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒

have a stomachache 患胃痛have a toothache患牙痛have a nosebleed 流鼻血

have a headache 患头痛have a backache患背痛have a cough咳嗽

其他：cut+身体器官hurt+身体器官get hit ( V-ed ) on the head（by sth.）摔在头上【习】：I didn’t sleep well last night, because I _____ a toothache .

A. was

B. went

C. had

D. took

have ( some ) problems ( in ) doing 做某事有困难

back n 背；背部

at the back of......在......的后面go/come back 返回give back 归还

hand n. 手V. 交给；传递

hand in hand 手拉手hand in 上交hand on 依次传递hand out 分发

3. 身体部位+ache（持续性的疼痛）构成新的复合词

stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache

tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache

【习】：Mr. Smith eats ______ food, so he’s _____ fat.

A .much too; too much

B .too many; much too

C. too much; too much

D. too much ;much too

enough 的用法

(1) adj.足够的，充分的。修饰名词时，放在名词前、后enough time

(2) adv. “足够地，十分，相当”，放在adj./adv 后expensive enough

(3) be +adj. +enough to do sth be strong enough to carry the box.

【习】：—What do you think of the lecture of Li Yang’s Crazy English?

—I think it’s _____ , but someone thinks it’s much too _____.

A. wonderful enough; bored

B. enough wonderful; boring

C. wonderful; enough; boring

D. enough wonderful ; bored

5.反身代词

⑴反身代词的构成

①一、二人称的反身代词构成: 形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成

单数：myself yourself 复数：ourselves yourselves

②第三人称的反身代词: 构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves

单数：himself herself itself 复数：themselves

⑵反身代词的常见搭配：

enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高兴help oneself to 随便吃

teach oneself=learn …by oneself 自学by oneself =alone 独自

introduce oneself to 自我介绍hurt oneself 受伤

⑶反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。

⑷反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。

I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.

⑸反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东

西）”时，须要用one’s own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。I’m drawing with my own crayons. 【习】：Boys, don’t lose____ in playing Angry Birds. It is bad for your eyes to

play computer games for a long time.

A. himself

B. yourself

C. themselves

D. yourselves

6.lie down 躺下lie in 位于，在于lay , lain , lying

tell lies 说谎lie to sb. 对……说谎lied , lied, lying

7.drink some hot tea with honey 喝一些热的蜂蜜水

with：⑴prep “具有，带有”, 表示某物带有或具有某种特征。（反）without

She is a girl with long hair.

【习】：He has a sore throat . He should ______.

A. see a dentist

B. drink hot tea with honey

C. drink a lot of milk

D. eat nothing

⑵prep. 和......一起

I like to talk freely with my friends.

⑶prep 用......，表示“使用某种工具”

Cut it with a knife.

8.see a dentist and get an X-ray 看医生并且做个X光检查

see a dentist = go to the dentist’s看牙医see a doctor

【习】：You are ill. You had better ___________ the doctor right now.

A. look at

B. see

C. watch

9.take one’s temperature 量体温

10.put some medicine on ... 在....上敷药put on 穿上，戴上take off 脱下，摘下put...in order

put down 放下，记下，镇压put off 推迟put up 张贴，搭建，举起put out 扑灭，熄灭

11.feel , sound 感官系动词，后+形容词，否定前+助动词don’t或doesn’t.

“感官动词+ like ：feel like 摸起来像smell like 闻起来像look like 看起来像

taste like 尝起来像sound like 听起来像

12.What should she do? 她该怎么办呢？Should I + V原？

should “应该”情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务should not =shouldn’t 不应该主语+ should/ shouldn’t + 动词原形. ..

①You should lie down and ( get some ) rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。

②You shouldn’t go out at night.你晚上不应该出去。

【习】：Hurry up，or you ____catch the train．

A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn't D. shouldn’t

13.on the weekend 在周末all weekend 整个周末=the whole weekend

14.play computer games 玩电脑游戏

15.That’s probably why. 大概这就是原因。

16.need to do sth. 需要做某事

◆用于肯定句是实义动词

(1) need sth 需要某物I need your help.

(2) 人做主语，sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事Do you need to drink more water?

(3) 物做主语，sth need doing sth = sth need to be done My TV set needs repairing.

◆用于否定句是情态动词

needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要

must ,need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用

【习】：—Must I hand it in today? —No. you _____ . You can do it tomorrow.

A. mustn't

B. can't

C. needn't

17.take breaks /take a break ( away from... ) 离开……休息一下

18.in the same way 以同样的姿势by the way 顺便说一下on one’s way ( to )...

19.for too long （持续时间）……之久

20.without doing sth.

21.neck n.颈；脖子neck and neck 不分上下，势均力敌face to face 面对面地

22.hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising.

不及物动词，……（部位）疼。His leg hurt badly.

23.在条件、时间状语从句中，一般是主将从现。

①引导条件状语的词：if（如果）；as long as .

②引导时间状语的词：when , after, before, as soon as , not .... until....

⑴主句使用一般将来时，if从句要使用一般现在时。

My mother will take me to the park if she is free.

⑵主句为含情态动词的句子，表示将来的含义，这时if从句也要使用一般现在时。

If you want to lose weight, you must eat less bread.

⑶主句是祈使句或是含有情态动词的句子(表示将来的意义)，if从句也要使用一般现在时。

Don’t take part in such an activity if you are not strong enough.

If it rains hard tomorrow, you should stay at home.

24.祈使句

①定义：指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。

②结构：1）. 肯定的祈使句：动词原形+其他Stand up, please. Be careful !

2）．否定的祈使句: ⑴Don't + 动词原形Don’t laugh at others.

⑵Never do sth. Never do that again!

⑶No + v-ing/n. No smoking! No noise, please.

⑷Let’s not do sth. Let’s not waste time.

⑸Don’t let sb. do sth. Don’t let them make any noise.

③祈使句的考点：A: Don’t forget to turn off the light. B: OK. I won’t.

A: Don’t play on the road. B: Sorry. I won’t.

A: Remember to return it as soon as possible B: OK./All right./I will.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/717700551.html,e from =be from来自

26.along/ down 相同点：prep “顺着；沿着”

不同点：along 强调顺着水平方向down 指“沿着……下坡或者往南走”【习】：My father has habit(习惯) of jogging ____ the Jinchuan River for an hour in the morning .

A. between

B. along

C. over

27.when 常常用来引出时间状语从句↑，当放在过去进行时构成的主句之后时，表示“某事正在进行时，另一件事情发生了。”I was just getting into the shower when the telephone rang.我正要洗澡，这时电话响了。

28.see （saw , seen）v 看见

see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事（看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生）

see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（强调动作正在发生）

【习】：Seeing their teacher ___ into the classroom, they stopped ___ at once.

A. walk; telling

B. entering; to speak

C. enter; to tell

D. walking; talking

29.on the side of the road 在路的一边

30.next to ...

31.shout for help 大喊救命ask ( sb. ) for help 向某人求助

32.24-year-old 24岁的

“数词+名词+形容词”构成复合形容词，在句中作定语，用连字符后连接，名词用单数。

【习】：She is a _____ girl with two big eyes.

A. Six-years- old

B. six-year - old

C. Six years old

33.stop the bus 停下车without thinking twice 没多想

34.get off 下车(反）get on 上车

【拓展】与get相关的短语：

get up起床get back回来；取回get over克服；度过

get on／along well with与……相处融洽get to到达

【习】：If Ted can _______ his difficulties, he’ll make great progress.

A. come over

B. get over

C. get off

D. come out

35.have / has / had to 不得不，必须

36.tell sb. ( not）to do sth. tell sb. sth. tell sth. to sb. tell sb. that...

37.take sb. to sp.

38.expect sb. to do sth.

39.most / all of n.大部分或全部的……

40.wait for the next bus

．．．．．．．．．．

41.surprise⑴v. 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的→surprised adj. 感到吃惊的

①surprise sb 使某人吃惊The bad news surprised me.

②be surprised at 对……感到吃惊

③be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶

④be surprised + that从句因...而惊讶

⑵n 惊讶”

①to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是

②in surprise 吃惊地

【习】：The fans were ____ to know the death of their favorite singing star Whitney Huston.

A. glad

B. angry

C. excited

D. surprised

agree v→(反)disagree –agreement n同意

①agree with sb. 同意某人I agree with you.

②agree to do sth 同意做某事

【习】：—I think English is more useful than Chinese. —I don’t ____ you. They are both useful.

A.get on with

B. catch up with

C. talk with

D. agree with

42.move... onto the bus/train/plane/horse/bike/subway in the car/taxi

43.thanks to 多亏；由于

⑴thanks to为习语介词，thanks不可以改为thank you，to后接感谢的对象，

⑵thanks for“因……而感谢”，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或v-ing，thanks相当于thank you. 【习】：________ the teacher, I’ve made great progress.

A. Thank you

B. Thanks

C. Thanks lot

【短语】at times=sometimes 有时have a good time 玩得高兴

have time =be free 有空all the time 一直

at the same time 同时by the time 到……时候for the first time 第一次

【句型】It’s time to do sth =It’s time for sth 是该做某事的时间了

It takes sb. some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间

【习】：The teacher hope all of us can hand ____ our homework ____ time every day.

A. up ; in

B. out; on

C. on; in

D. in ; on

44.It’s +adj. +to do sth./ that从句

45.not...any=no

46.think about 考虑；认为，+V-ing/n.

【短语】：think of 想起think over 仔细考虑think up = come up with 想出

【谚语】Think before you act 三思而后行

47.the driver of bus No. 26

48.hit v. (hit/hit)( 用手或器具）击；打

hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；

hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。

49.right away/ now 立刻，马上just now 刚才

50.trouble n .问题；苦恼get into trouble造成麻烦（或烦恼）

be in trouble 处于困境中have trouble （in) doing sth做某事有困难

51. fall →fell →fallen v 落下；跌落

①fall down 摔倒，强调“滑倒，摔倒”，指失去平衡而摔倒，后接宾语时，应加上介词from

She fell down from her bike

②fall off 指从某物上跌落下来。The girl fell off the bike. = The girl fell down from the bike.

③fall into 落入The leaf fell into the river.

④fall behind 落后⑤fall in love with sb. 爱上某人⑥fall asleep 入睡【习】：It’s not easy for Linda to _____ last night, because she was too excited.

A. go to bed

B. fall asleep

C. fall into

D. fall over

52.run it under the water 跑; （使）流动; 延续; 行驶; 使奔跑; 使…快速移动; 运行，经营

53.feel sick 生病；不舒服sick /ill adj. 生病的

(1) sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语.

be sick of …“讨厌；厌恶……”sick person = patient“病人”

(2) ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语. →illness n.“病；疾病”

be ill in hospital 生病住院

54.in P.E. class do sports play volleyball/soccer...

55.使役动词make, have, let+sb.+do sth.

get+sb.+to do sth.

56.look up 查阅look down upon 看不起look at 看look for 寻找look after 照顾

look into 调查look out 小心look like 看起来像look for trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃

57. who 引导的定语从句

①定义：用一个句子来修饰前面的名词或代词的句子，叫做定语从句。

②先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。

③定语从句必须放在先行词之后。

④关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫做关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。

He is the boy who/that often helps me.

【习】：—Do you know the little boy _______ is helping the old man cross the road?

—No. But how nice he is!

A. which

B. who

C. whom

be interested in

interest⑴n 兴趣→interesting adj. 令人有兴趣的（表语/定语）

→interested adj. 对……感兴趣（只做表语）

⑵v. 引起……关注；使……感兴趣

be interested in sth./ doing sth.对……变得感兴趣

= show great interest in sth. / doing sth.表现出对……的极大兴趣;

(1) take/have an interest in =be interested in 对……感兴趣

(2) places of interest 名胜lose interest in 失去兴趣

【习】：This book is very _____ and I am ____ in it.

A. interest; interest

B. interesting; interested

C. interested; interested

D. interested; interested

58. as prep，"作为"，"以……身份"。

be used to (doing)习惯于（做）；适应于（做）

(1) use v.使用→useful adj. 有用的use up 用完

Studying English is__________(use).

(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事

We use Internet __________(find) information.

(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。

I used to get up at six.

(4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事

My grandpa is used ___________(live) in country.

(5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth

Stamps is used ____________(post) letters.

【习】：–How does Jack usually go to work?

—He ______ drive a car, but now he ______ there to lose weight.

A. used to; is used to walk

B. was used to; is used to walking

C. was used to; is used to walk

D. used to; is used to walking