高考英语名词(高考名词专题复习)课件.ppt
合集下载
高考必备语法动名词的用法课件 (共35张PPT)
• • • •
如: The railway is in the process of being constructed. 铁路在兴建中。 After having kept a prisoner in the Bastille for many years,Dr Manette had recently been set free. • 曼奈特医生被关在巴士底监狱许多年后,最近 获释。 • 特别提示:-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义 • 在want,need,deserve,require 等动词后,总是用ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于“to be+过去分词”。
• • • • • • • •
1.作主语 动名词作主语时,句子有两种形式: (1)动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。 Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。 Learning new words is very imis easier than doing。说比做容易。
• (2)用形式主语it,把真正的主语——动名词结构 移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制,作 表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词,如 useful,useless,good,fun，no use,worth等。例如: • It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. • 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。 • It’s worth making the effort. • 这事值得去做。 • Is it any good trying to explain? • 想再解释一次有好处吗? • It is pleasant working with you. • 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。
高考英语名词性从句复习课件(共35张PPT)
3)I’m not sure when he will come.
表语从句 表语从句位于连系动词后。
其基本结构为: 1. My suggestion is that we should go shopping. 2. It looks as if it’s going to rain.
同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放 在主句中某些名词的后面，说明这些名词的含 义。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有： fact, news, promise, reason, idea, hope, word, belief等。
that在同位语从句 与定从句的区别
同位语从句
定语从句
that（连词）只起连接的 that(关系代词) 充当一定的 作用,不充当句子成分 句子成分(主，宾，表）
同位语从句与前面的名 定语从句对先行词起修饰 词是同位关系，表示这 作用，表示“…的”。 个名词的内容
同位语从句的that 一般 而定语从句中的关系代词
4. It depends on _w_h_e_t_h_e_r we will have enough money.
5. W__h_e_t_h_e_rthey can do it matters little to us.
6. __I_f__ you are not free tomorrow, I’ll go without you.
around the sun.
5. The problem is _t_ha_t__ we can’t finish the work in time.
6. We express the hope ___th_a_t ___ they will come to visit China again.
表语从句 表语从句位于连系动词后。
其基本结构为: 1. My suggestion is that we should go shopping. 2. It looks as if it’s going to rain.
同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放 在主句中某些名词的后面，说明这些名词的含 义。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有： fact, news, promise, reason, idea, hope, word, belief等。
that在同位语从句 与定从句的区别
同位语从句
定语从句
that（连词）只起连接的 that(关系代词) 充当一定的 作用,不充当句子成分 句子成分(主，宾，表）
同位语从句与前面的名 定语从句对先行词起修饰 词是同位关系，表示这 作用，表示“…的”。 个名词的内容
同位语从句的that 一般 而定语从句中的关系代词
4. It depends on _w_h_e_t_h_e_r we will have enough money.
5. W__h_e_t_h_e_rthey can do it matters little to us.
6. __I_f__ you are not free tomorrow, I’ll go without you.
around the sun.
5. The problem is _t_ha_t__ we can’t finish the work in time.
6. We express the hope ___th_a_t ___ they will come to visit China again.
高考英语(外研版)大一轮复习课件语法专题+一、名词和冠词
recover→recovery恢复;痊愈 discover→discovery发现
choose→choice选择 vary→variety多样化;种类 tend→tendency趋向;趋势
2.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 -age -cy
-dom -ence -ness
-th
-y -ty -ity
例词 short→shortage不足;短缺 efficient→efficiency效率;功效 fluent→fluency流利;流畅 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私;私密 free→freedom自由;自主 wise→wisdom明智;智慧 different→difference差异 silent→silence沉默 weak→weakness虚弱;弱点 kind→kindness仁慈;好意 careless→carelessness粗心大意 strong→strength力气;强项 warm→warmth温暖;热情 honest→honesty诚实 difficult→difficulty困难 cruel→cruelty残酷;残暴 safe→safety安全 disable→disability无能;伤残 responsible→responsibility责任
特别提示 ①当这些名词前有修饰语时,则要用不定冠词。如:a bright moon,a new
world。 ②有些事物虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词,如:space太空,
nature自然,man人类。 5.用于表示方位、西洋乐器等的名词前。如:in the east,in the
northwest,play the piano。 6.用于序数词和形容词最高级前面。
choose→choice选择 vary→variety多样化;种类 tend→tendency趋向;趋势
2.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 -age -cy
-dom -ence -ness
-th
-y -ty -ity
例词 short→shortage不足;短缺 efficient→efficiency效率;功效 fluent→fluency流利;流畅 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私;私密 free→freedom自由;自主 wise→wisdom明智;智慧 different→difference差异 silent→silence沉默 weak→weakness虚弱;弱点 kind→kindness仁慈;好意 careless→carelessness粗心大意 strong→strength力气;强项 warm→warmth温暖;热情 honest→honesty诚实 difficult→difficulty困难 cruel→cruelty残酷;残暴 safe→safety安全 disable→disability无能;伤残 responsible→responsibility责任
特别提示 ①当这些名词前有修饰语时,则要用不定冠词。如:a bright moon,a new
world。 ②有些事物虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词,如:space太空,
nature自然,man人类。 5.用于表示方位、西洋乐器等的名词前。如:in the east,in the
northwest,play the piano。 6.用于序数词和形容词最高级前面。
高考英语一轮复习英语语法专题复习名词性从句讲解教学课件-PPT
真题解析
His presentation will show you contexts. A. that you have observed B. that how you have observed C. how that you have observed D. how what you have observed
模拟题解析
As they usually receive the same score in standardized
examinations, there is often disagreement as to
is the
better student, Bob or Helen.
A. which
better student, Bob or Helen.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. whose
【解析】句意为“因为鲍勃和海伦在考试中总是得到同样的分数， 所以关于他们俩谁是更好的学生，总是有分歧”。
宾语从句 Object Clause
(2) 宾语从句的位置： a. 放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)之后
宾语从句 Object Clause
(2) 宾语从句的位置： c. 可由形式宾语it代替，而从句本身放在句子末尾。
(1) 宾语从句的连接词★ ： a. 由that引导； b. 由whether/if引导； c. 由连接代词what, which, who, whatever, whichever, whoever等引导； d. 由连接副词when, where, why, how等引导。
真题解析
【2016阅读】 He hopes that whoever finds the loot will relish the riches and the adventure of finding them.
2024届高考一轮复习英语语法专练课件(人教版)：名词
[规则感悟] 1.可数名词变复数 ①以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es；以元音字母加y结尾的名词， 加-s。②以-th结尾的名词加-s。③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加-es (如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要加-s，如stomach)。④以-o结尾加-es 的单词 有：英雄(heroes)吃土豆(potatoes)番茄(tomatoes)，其他多直接加-s。 ⑤以-f或-fe结尾的词，多变f或fe为v，再加-es。但也有直接加-s的单词， 如：屋顶(roof)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥大部分可数名词直接加-s。
4.Timmis and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on _p_a_s_s_e_rs_-_b_y_(passer-by). 5.We usually expect Hollywood __h_e_ro_e_s_(hero) to show up on our screens and defeat the bad guys. 6.He goes to the _b_a_r_b_e_r_’s_(barber) to have his hair cut every month.
2.名词的所有格 ⑦有生命名词，不以-s结尾的名词加-’s；以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词 都加-’。⑧无生命名词，通常用of所有格表示。⑨双重所有格的构成形式 为“名词＋of＋名词所有格”或者“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。
1.不规则变化的名词复数 (1)通过内部元音变化构成复数。如： foot—feet脚 goose—geese鹅 tooth—teeth牙齿 mouse—mice老鼠 man—men男人 woman—women女人
高考英语语法总复习之之实词1(名词数词)课件
主语、宾语、
表语、补语
定语
名词的作用
状语
同位语
注意：可数名词作定语
• 名词作定语一般用单数 数词加“-”名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式 two-dozen eggs; a ten-mile walk; a five-year plan
• 用复数作定语的情况 sports meeting; students reading-room
以字母-o结尾 以-sis结尾的外来词
词尾加-es 词尾加-s 变-sis为-ses
hero→heroes, potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes photo→photos, kilo→kilos, piano→pianos basis→bases, analysis→analyses, crisis→crises
观察例句 判断下面句子或短语中加粗名词所起的作用
1. Jack is to meet you at the airport. 杰克会到机场接你。 2. The affair is still a complete mystery. 这事件仍然完全是个谜。 3. Everyone likes the boy including the boy himself. 每个人都喜欢男孩，包括他自己。 4. We made him monitor of our class. 我们选他做我们的班长。 5. air pollution空气污染 winter sleep冬眠 stone bridge石桥 6. The war lasted eight years. 这场战争持续了八年。 7. Smith, our monitor, left school last year. 我们的班长史密斯去年退学了
高中英语高考专题一 名词、代词、冠词(课件)
注意:1.fish的“数”
用法 fish作“鱼肉”讲时为不可数名词
图解
fish指“鱼的条数”时,单数和复数同形,即 fish
fish指“鱼的种类”时,其复数形式是fishes
例句 I like to eat fish.我喜欢吃鱼。
There are 2 fish in the fish tank.鱼缸里有两条 鱼。
名词作定语强调“类指”,而名词所有格则表示“特指”
Please don't put the dog's food under the table.请不要把狗食放在桌子 下面。(特指给某一条狗的食物) Dog food costs as much as meals.狗的食品和人的食品一样贵。(指类 别,即供狗食用的食品)
criterion—criteria标准 phenomenon—phenomena现象 crisis—crises危机 thesis—theses论文 bacterium—bacteria细菌
curriculum—curricula/curriculums全部课程 analysis—analyses分析 basis—bases基础 diagnosis—diagnoses诊断 medium—media媒体 datum—data数据
-er -or -ant
-ian -an -ity -ty -ance -ence -ancy -ency -age
-ship -dom
-ure
-ics
表示“……的人”
beginner, carrier, employer, interviewer, receiver, reporter, winner, collector, director, inventor, operator, survivor, assistant, attendant, servant
高考英语高三二轮复习名词性从句课件(最新)PPT
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
17
名词性从句五大常考考点
Noun clauses
4. 我认为我们保持冷静很重要.
it I think ____________________________.
it important that we should keep calm .
16
名词性从句五大常考考点
考点5 语序问题
Noun clauses
1.The photographs will show you ____ （MET89）
6.__H__o_w____ we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed. 7.__W__h__a_t_e_v__e_r he said was right.
8.__W__h__o_e__vegro there must get ready by 6 o’clock.
高考英语高三二轮复习名词性从句课 件（最 新）PPT 【PPT 实用课 件】
9
高考英语高三二轮复习名词性从句课 件（最 新）PPT 【PPT 实用课 件】
名词性从句五大常考考点
考点2.用if 或whether 填空
Noun clauses
• 1. I don’t knoww__h_e_t_h_er / if I’ll be free tomorrow.
augh at the disabled .
高考英语高三二轮复习名词性从句课 件（最 新）PPT 【PPT 实用课 件】
17
名词性从句五大常考考点
Noun clauses
4. 我认为我们保持冷静很重要.
it I think ____________________________.
it important that we should keep calm .
16
名词性从句五大常考考点
考点5 语序问题
Noun clauses
1.The photographs will show you ____ （MET89）
6.__H__o_w____ we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed. 7.__W__h__a_t_e_v__e_r he said was right.
8.__W__h__o_e__vegro there must get ready by 6 o’clock.
高考英语高三二轮复习名词性从句课 件（最 新）PPT 【PPT 实用课 件】
9
高考英语高三二轮复习名词性从句课 件（最 新）PPT 【PPT 实用课 件】
名词性从句五大常考考点
考点2.用if 或whether 填空
Noun clauses
• 1. I don’t knoww__h_e_t_h_er / if I’ll be free tomorrow.
augh at the disabled .
高考英语高三二轮复习名词性从句课 件（最 新）PPT 【PPT 实用课 件】
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
(3) 集体名词视具体情况而定单复数： family, class, population, staff, crew, couple,
public, group, team, party, club, company, government, committee, audience, enemy (4) 只有复数形式的名词:
4.有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范 围之广。如：
The boy burst into tears at the bad news. The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops. The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.
A>名词只能用复数形式的短语：
• do exercises （做操） • take notes (做笔记） • take turns （轮流） • make repairs （搞修理） • change trains （改换火车） • make friends with （交朋友） • shake hands with (握手） • as follows （如下） • in rags （衣衫褴褛） • in dozens （成打的）
常见的不可数名词
progress
advice
fun
information furniture work
baggage
luggage news
jewelry
weather paper (纸张)
equipment trouble
knowledge homework
有复数形式的不可数名词
①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到 一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态 的作用。如： Use your brains, please. They have smoothed away the difficulties. Have you made preparations for tomorrow’s meeting? Many thanks for your kindness. No pains, no gains. After many failures, they finally succeeded.
以辅音+o 结尾的词 多数加-es
Heroes; tomatoes
以f或fe结尾的词
把f/fe改成ves Halves; leaves
不规则名词单复数变化:
（1）单复数同形:sheep, deer, fish, means, species, works(工厂), aircraft, spacecraft, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss
III. 名词单复数的特殊情况:
(1) 集体名词只用作复数： police , cattle , people , poultry, the youth
(2) 集体名词用作不可数名词: clothing, jewellery, furniture, luggage (baggage), machinery, wealth
（2）改变字母：man --men, woman --women, policeman --policemen, saleswoman --saleswomen, foot --feet, tooth --teeth, goose --geese, Mouse --Mice , phenomenon --phenomena
可数名词 (Countable Nouns)
1. 可数名词的复数
给出下列名词的复数形式
policeman child mouse tooth foot potato hero leaf shelf roof life baby monkey branch thief mosquito
policemen
（为…做贡献）
(9)名词单复数意义不同的短语： • Have a word with sb. （与…某人说句话） • Have words with sb. （与…某人吵架） • Make cloth (织布） • Make clothes （制衣）
一:’s型用法（有生命的所有格）
• １．有生命的所有格
③含boy, girl, lady等的合成的名词： 它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。 如： boy students, girl friends, lady drivers
④含man或 woman的合成名词： 它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如： a man doctor, two men doctors
（5）以f或fe结尾的词:
直接加s：roof, proof, belief, chief, gulf, 变f为v再加es：life, wife, knife, half, leaf,
wolf, thief 另外：handkerchief
（handkerchiefs或handkerchieves）
beef（beeves菜牛 、beefs怨言；牢骚）
calf
passer-by
go-
between
grown-up
girl friend
sister-in-law man servant looker-on
watches ladies foxes flies brushes
tomatoes inches halves kilos pianos
calves passers-by
另： penny （pence或 pennies） （3）增加字母: child --children, ox --oxen
（4）以o结尾的词：
加s: photo, radio, piano, zoo, studio, bamboo, tobacco
加es: tomato, potato, hero 另：zero （zeros或 zeroes）
by experience靠经验
an experience一次经历
youth青春
a youth一个青年人
have pity on sb.怜悯某人
a pity可惜的事情
with pleasure乐意
a pleasure乐事
2. 抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似 乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：
clothes, trousers, jeans, twins, glasses, compasses, scissors, goods ,thanks, wishes, wages, tears, troops, forces, resources
(5) 以s结尾但不表示复数:
mathematics, physics, politics, statistics, news,
高考语法复习系列二
名词
名词
专有名词(Proper Nouns)
抽象名词(Abstract Nouns)
普通名词
(Common Nouns)
物质名词(Material Nouns) 集体名词(Collective Nouns) 个体名词(Individual Nouns)
不可数名词 (Uncountable Nouns)
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade. Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me? It is a waste of time reading such a novel. She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.
(7) 姓氏后加s并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩:
the Greens ；the Chengs
(8) 名词单复数形式意义相同的短语：
• make faces / a face（做鬼脸） • Have talks / a talk with sb.(与某人交谈） • Play jokes / a joke on （拿…开玩笑） • Make contributions / a contribution to
woods(森林), works(工厂) (6) 有没有s结尾意义不同：
glass –glasses, cloth –clothes, work –works,
water –waters, wood –woods, good–goods, time –
times(时代), paper –papers(论文), green –greens(青菜), custom –customs(海关), spirit –spirits(酒精,情绪), light –lights(灯), experience –experiences(经历), arm – arms(武器), iron –irons(镣铐,熨斗), compass(指南针) –compasses(圆规),
go-betweens
grown-ups girl friends sisters-in-law
men servants
lookers-on
I.可数名词的复数变法
情况
加法
例词
一般情况 以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词
加-s 加-es
以辅音＋y结尾的词 去y加-ies
Brothers;schools Buses; watches; dishes Ladies; countries
3. 物质名词有前置定语修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。 have breakfast have a wonderful breakfast
The road is covered with snow. They have a heavy snow every year.
public, group, team, party, club, company, government, committee, audience, enemy (4) 只有复数形式的名词:
4.有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范 围之广。如：
The boy burst into tears at the bad news. The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops. The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.
A>名词只能用复数形式的短语：
• do exercises （做操） • take notes (做笔记） • take turns （轮流） • make repairs （搞修理） • change trains （改换火车） • make friends with （交朋友） • shake hands with (握手） • as follows （如下） • in rags （衣衫褴褛） • in dozens （成打的）
常见的不可数名词
progress
advice
fun
information furniture work
baggage
luggage news
jewelry
weather paper (纸张)
equipment trouble
knowledge homework
有复数形式的不可数名词
①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到 一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态 的作用。如： Use your brains, please. They have smoothed away the difficulties. Have you made preparations for tomorrow’s meeting? Many thanks for your kindness. No pains, no gains. After many failures, they finally succeeded.
以辅音+o 结尾的词 多数加-es
Heroes; tomatoes
以f或fe结尾的词
把f/fe改成ves Halves; leaves
不规则名词单复数变化:
（1）单复数同形:sheep, deer, fish, means, species, works(工厂), aircraft, spacecraft, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss
III. 名词单复数的特殊情况:
(1) 集体名词只用作复数： police , cattle , people , poultry, the youth
(2) 集体名词用作不可数名词: clothing, jewellery, furniture, luggage (baggage), machinery, wealth
（2）改变字母：man --men, woman --women, policeman --policemen, saleswoman --saleswomen, foot --feet, tooth --teeth, goose --geese, Mouse --Mice , phenomenon --phenomena
可数名词 (Countable Nouns)
1. 可数名词的复数
给出下列名词的复数形式
policeman child mouse tooth foot potato hero leaf shelf roof life baby monkey branch thief mosquito
policemen
（为…做贡献）
(9)名词单复数意义不同的短语： • Have a word with sb. （与…某人说句话） • Have words with sb. （与…某人吵架） • Make cloth (织布） • Make clothes （制衣）
一:’s型用法（有生命的所有格）
• １．有生命的所有格
③含boy, girl, lady等的合成的名词： 它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。 如： boy students, girl friends, lady drivers
④含man或 woman的合成名词： 它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如： a man doctor, two men doctors
（5）以f或fe结尾的词:
直接加s：roof, proof, belief, chief, gulf, 变f为v再加es：life, wife, knife, half, leaf,
wolf, thief 另外：handkerchief
（handkerchiefs或handkerchieves）
beef（beeves菜牛 、beefs怨言；牢骚）
calf
passer-by
go-
between
grown-up
girl friend
sister-in-law man servant looker-on
watches ladies foxes flies brushes
tomatoes inches halves kilos pianos
calves passers-by
另： penny （pence或 pennies） （3）增加字母: child --children, ox --oxen
（4）以o结尾的词：
加s: photo, radio, piano, zoo, studio, bamboo, tobacco
加es: tomato, potato, hero 另：zero （zeros或 zeroes）
by experience靠经验
an experience一次经历
youth青春
a youth一个青年人
have pity on sb.怜悯某人
a pity可惜的事情
with pleasure乐意
a pleasure乐事
2. 抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似 乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：
clothes, trousers, jeans, twins, glasses, compasses, scissors, goods ,thanks, wishes, wages, tears, troops, forces, resources
(5) 以s结尾但不表示复数:
mathematics, physics, politics, statistics, news,
高考语法复习系列二
名词
名词
专有名词(Proper Nouns)
抽象名词(Abstract Nouns)
普通名词
(Common Nouns)
物质名词(Material Nouns) 集体名词(Collective Nouns) 个体名词(Individual Nouns)
不可数名词 (Uncountable Nouns)
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade. Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me? It is a waste of time reading such a novel. She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.
(7) 姓氏后加s并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩:
the Greens ；the Chengs
(8) 名词单复数形式意义相同的短语：
• make faces / a face（做鬼脸） • Have talks / a talk with sb.(与某人交谈） • Play jokes / a joke on （拿…开玩笑） • Make contributions / a contribution to
woods(森林), works(工厂) (6) 有没有s结尾意义不同：
glass –glasses, cloth –clothes, work –works,
water –waters, wood –woods, good–goods, time –
times(时代), paper –papers(论文), green –greens(青菜), custom –customs(海关), spirit –spirits(酒精,情绪), light –lights(灯), experience –experiences(经历), arm – arms(武器), iron –irons(镣铐,熨斗), compass(指南针) –compasses(圆规),
go-betweens
grown-ups girl friends sisters-in-law
men servants
lookers-on
I.可数名词的复数变法
情况
加法
例词
一般情况 以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词
加-s 加-es
以辅音＋y结尾的词 去y加-ies
Brothers;schools Buses; watches; dishes Ladies; countries
3. 物质名词有前置定语修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。 have breakfast have a wonderful breakfast
The road is covered with snow. They have a heavy snow every year.