(新课标)2016届高考英语二轮复习 攻关篇 专题五 生态环保类课件
【难点分析】 A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.瑞士进行的一次调查报道,由珍 贵金属代表的电子产品的重量,与所有 的垃圾比较起来,相对很小,但其中的金 和其他贵重金属的含量在所谓的电子垃 圾中比自然的矿物质中要高。 while the weight of...to total waste 是宾语 从句中的让步状语从句,while 意为“虽 然……”。宾语从句中的主句是 the concentration of...minerals。
58.By mentioning the Swiss study,the author intends to tell us that . A.the weight of e-goods is rather small B.e-waste deserves to be made good use of C.natural minerals contain more precious metals D.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste 59.The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended . A.from producers to governments B.from governments to producers C.from individuals to distributors D.from distributors to governments 60.What does the passage mainly talk about? A.The increase in e-waste. B.The creation of e-waste. C.The seriousness of e-waste. D.The management of e-waste.
文体攻略 文体特征 4.人与自然和谐发展。解决人类发 展过程中与自然界的矛盾,维护生 态平衡,为人类创造可持续发展的 环境。 生态环保类说明文和议论文的结 构通常是“引入主题—特征分析/ 论证主题(事例、分析、比较)—结 论”。也会出现较多的长难句子。 记叙文和夹叙夹议文的主题多数 情况下需要我们把握情节的发展 和人物的对话,从中得出文章的中 心思想和作者的观点态度。
解题方法 (2)逻辑推断题。根据文章 所列举的事实、 所阐述的观 点得出符合原文的结论。 (3)对作者态度、 倾向的推断 题。 作者的倾向和感情往往 隐含在文章的字里行间,或 流露于修饰的词语之中,因 此,在推断过程中,应特别注 意文中作者的措辞。
【典例示范】
(2015 江苏卷,B 篇) In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole. Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals. Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
专题五 生 态环保类
文体攻略 文体特征
解题方法 1.读首句。生态环保类文章段 落清楚,先读懂每段的首句以 生态环保类阅读理解是历年高 确保清楚文章的主要脉络。 考命题的热点,该类文章常涉及 2.读题目。读题目来确认每一 以下几个方面: 小题所在的段落。 1.环境保护。 主要包括减少乱排 3.回查文章。找到所在段落后 乱放,不能过度开发自然资源, 细查相关原文来确定答案。 不能破坏生态平衡。 此外,解答生态环保类题目时, 2.生态保护。 主要包括防止濒 应重点突破推理判断题。常见 危物种灭绝,防止土地沙漠化。 类型有以下几种: 3.环保生活方式。 主要包括节约 (1)知识推断题。根据文章中所 能源和降低资源消耗,杜绝浪 阐述的细节,运用基础知识进 费,崇尚低碳生活。 行分析、推敲,从而得出与原文 相符的结论。
59.B 细节理解题。根 据最后一段中的“to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility...from the government...to the producers.”可知,这种责 任应该由政府延伸到 生产商。因此选 B 项。 60.D 主旨大意题。通 读全文可知,面对越来 越多的电子垃圾,主要 的问题是:由谁来做些 什么。也就是如何管理 (manage),因此选 D 项。
Governments‟ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why,they ask,should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫) that encased your television? From the governments‟ point of view,a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.
nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet.Instead,we are diurnal creatures,with eyes adapted to living in the sun‟s light.This is a basic evolutionary fact,even though most of us don‟t think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet it‟s the only way to explain what we‟ve done to the night:We‟ve engineered it to receive us by filCreating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material,up to 100 times more,than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cell-phone,and imagine the mines that produced those metals,the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装)it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production,distribution,and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start—for instance,buying reusable products and recycling. In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机) for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products,would they reduce the packaging in the first place?
高考英语二轮总复习课后习题 专项能力提升练 阅读理解 文体分类练5 说明文之生态环保类
文体分类练(五) 说明文之生态环保类(限时:25分钟)Passage1(河北邯郸一模)Bee protection is a big issue these days in America,with people planting native pollinator gardens,setting up bee houses,and taking part in scientific activities to monitor local bee populations.And this is for good reason—in North America,a quarter of native bee species are at risk of extinction.Bees pollinate 35 percent of our global food supply and many of the wild plants our ecosystems depend on.No Mow May,a movement that began in the UK,is now rapidly spreading throughout the US.Its popularity lies in its being simple:Just give bees a help during the crucial springtime by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn grow for the month of May.This lets “lawn flowers” such as dandelions grow at a time when bee food is rare.Dandelions,despite being pretty and useful,arenon-native.Then why do we promote a movement that encourages their growth?Here’s the basic answer—don’t let “perfect” be the enemy of “good”.Sure,it’d be great to turn your entire neighborhood into a bee kingdom of native plants,but that can take lots of time and money.While dandelions have become the poster child for No Mow May,other plants—including native species—may also appear in your lawn.“Besides dandelions,there are many oth er plants that are going to be there,” says Dr.Claudio Gratton at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.In Massachusetts,scientists found 63 species of plants in lawns,30 percent of which were native to the state.Most of the Americans probably loved dandelions as children but have tended to hate them as adults because of American lawn culture,which allows no flowers.“No Mow May forces us to think about our relationship with nature.We should reflect on the way we have made nature suitour needs,and realize f lowers play really important roles,” says Dr.Claudio Gratton.1.What is the background to No Mow May in the US?A.Native bee species are increasing.B.There is a tendency to protect bees.C.Bees mainly depend on garden plants.D.More people have no time to cut lawns.2.What do we know about the No Mow May?A.It needs almost no cost.B.Few Americans support it.C.It is aimed at growing dandelions.D.It appeals for careful attention to the lawns.3.What does the underlined part “poster child” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Slight element.B.Rare eple. D.Difficult problem.4.Which of the following agrees with American lawn culture?A.A bee-friendly lawn.B.A regularly cut lawn.C.A lawn growing naturally.D.A lawn with native flowers.Passage2(安徽安庆二模)Interactive software that “reads” and analyses footprints left by black rhinos (犀牛)can be used to monitor the movements of the animals in the wild,giving conservationists a new way to keep watch on the endangered species and help keep it safe from poachers (偷猎者),according to a Duke University-led study.The software,called the Footprint Identification Technique (FIT),uses advanced technology to analyze more than 100 measurements of a rhino’s footprint.Because each rhino’s footprint is as special as a human fingerprint,the analyzed images can be collected electronically in a global database of previously collected footprint images for matching.“If you find a match,you can identify the individual animal who left the mark and,by plotting the locations of all the other places where marks have been seen,track its movements withoutdisturbing it or coming into close enough contact with it,” said Zoe Jewell,a professor at Duke University’s Nicholas School of the Environment,who co-led the study and is co-creator of FIT.“It’s a cost-effective approach that not only protects the health of the rhino and the human,but also brings a centuries-old tracking skill into the 21st Century,” she said.Jewell and her colleagues are now working with Namibia’s Ministry of Environment,Forestry and Tourism to train wildlife conservationists,land managers and local guides how to use FIT.Namibia is home to an estimated 2,000 black rhinos,or about 90% of the species’ total population worldwide.Though legally owned by the government,the animals are distributed geographically on private lands across the country.The FIT software can also do a survey of footprints throughout the protected area and take measurements from each footprint to estimate the number of rhinos in that area.This can be useful information for calculation resource needs to monitor the animals effectively.This creates an interactive library that anti-poachingpatrols(反偷猎巡逻)can use to search for animals at the highest risk,including those whose footprints haven’t been sho wing up in recent years.5.What is the purpose of the software?A.To promote the development of technology.B.To protect black rhinos from being hunted.C.To analyze the footprints of illegal poachers.D.To save endangered species across the world.6.What’s the advantage of the software?A.It owns various functions.B.It goes to the market.C.It is perfectly practical.D.It is more than popular.7.What does Zoe Jewell say about the approach?A.It brings the best advantage for the lowest cost.B.It helps increase the population of black rhinos.C.It raises people’s awareness of the environment.D.It strengthens the tie between humans and nature.8.Which of the following best describes the future of rhinos?A.Optimistic.B.Hopeless.C.Worrying.D.Uncertain.Passage3(广东广州一模)Beavers(海狸),like humans,change their surroundings to fit their needs.Known as nature’s engineers,they tear trees down to build homes to live in and dam to raise water levels for protection from enemies.Dams also slow water’s flow while b locking sediment(沉积物)that would otherwise flow downstream.The resulting wetlands often attract wildlife diversity where none had existed.There are challenges,though.Beaver dams sometimes cause flooding,and most people prefer trees alive and upright.Communities face a delicate balancing act,learning to coeany people enjoying Winston Path became beaver fans as one furry family transformed Swallow Pond into an oasis for birds,frogs,turtles and deer.Yet such activity caused concern.As beavers worked,they raised water levels about five feet.The increased depth allows beavers to survive underwater if the pond ices over.But county officials were concerned about how higher water would affect the soil bank supporting Winston Path.To find a good balance between protecting the path and the beavers,the county introduced a“beaver baffle”—a pond leveler.Beavers often rush to fill holes in their dams.Baffles stabilize water levels by creating a hidden exit for high water to escape through the dam,unnoticed by the beavers.People love the beavers but they also love the mature trees.Recently,Catherine Jones,18,organized a tree-caging event—putting wire cloth around large tree trunks to discourage beavers from biting them.It also protects people from injury due to random tr ees falling.“We cover the trees we don’t want them to eat,while planting periodically others they like,”said Jones.“We need to learn to give up a little of our wants to share the Earth’s resources.”Swallow Pond’s project would restore proper water depth and improve wildlife habitat without creating problems for the path.The balancing act continues.9.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.Where beavers’ favorite surroundings are.B.What effects beavers have on their habitat.C.Why beavers are called nature’s engineers.D.How beavers help attract wildlife diversity.10.Why did the beaver family’s activity cause concern?A.Swallow Pond would flood often.B.Sediment would flow downstream.C.The popular path might be damaged.D.Beavers might have to live underwater.11.What do the underlined words “beaver baffle” in paragraph 4 refer to?A.A block to keep beavers away.B.A tool to fis.C.A device to maintain water level.D.A material to protect the soil bank.12.Which can be the theme of Swallow Pond’s pr oject?A.Biological diversity.B.Harmonious coexistence.C.Prevention of natural disasters.D.Preservation of wildlife habitat.答案：文体分类练(五) 说明文之生态环保类Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。
【志鸿 赢在高考】(新课标)2016届高考英语二轮复习 攻关篇 专题五 生态环保类
专题五生态环保类专项强化·训练A(2015南昌一模)Even if trees cannot walk,they are still on the move.In parts of the Arctic,entire forests are moving northward.Across theArctic,temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world.As that happens,the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra(冻原)starts has been shifting northward.Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind.To do this,plants tend to grow horizontal(水平的)branches low to the ground.The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don’t have enough energy to make seeds.But as Earth’s climate has been warming,trees no longer have to just grow horizontally.Many can instead grow up toward the sky.This takes less energy.And with all that leftover energy,these trees have started producing more seeds.This happens especially in places where white spruce(白云杉)grows.White spruce,which is a North American tree,is quite able to produce a lot of seeds,which can move long distances in the wind.When wind-blown seeds end up on the tundra beyond the tree line,they eventually can sprout(发芽)new trees.This explains how a forest can move.Of course,the process would work only if the tundra were warm enough.But in recent years,the whole planet has been warming.New trees will provide shelters for some snow,keeping the sun’s rays from making the white surface disappear.I nstead,the trees absorb the sun’s heat.This warms the surrounding air.The extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds.That further boosts a forest’s ability to expand.In addition,more trees will trap more snow,preventing much of it from being blown away.Snow can trap heat in the soil below,which encourages trees to grow.The recent rise of temperatures has helped more trees grow past the tree line.People worry about impacts on the animals that depend on frozen conditions for food and shelter.【语篇导读】本文是一篇科研报告,主要研究了气温升高对北极圈植物的影响。
新高考二轮复习专题十二生态系统与环境保护课件(54张)
2.(2020·山东等级考)与常规农业相比，有机农业、 无公害农业通过禁止或减少化肥、农药的使用，加大 有机肥的应用，对土壤生物产生了积极的影响。某土 壤中部分生物类群及食物关系如图所示，三种农业模 式土壤生物情况如表所示：
食物网复杂程度 取样深度/cm 农业模式 生物组分(类)
(相对值)
常规农业
C [土壤中的小型动物属于消费者和分解者，消费者如一些植物害 虫，分解者如蚯蚓等，A错误；实现物质循环至少具备生产者和分解者，由 题干信息可知，泥浆生物反应器中只加入了分解者，因此不能实现物质循 环，B错误；据题Байду номын сангаас信息可知，加入的菌种进行有氧呼吸，分解污染物获取 生命活动所需营养物质，属于分解者，C正确；生态系统的组成由非生物的 物质和能量、生产者、消费者和分解者组成。由题意可知，泥浆生物反应 器中只有非生物的物质和能量、分解者，不能构成生态系统，D错误。]
3．生态系统中的信息传递及作用 物理 行为
生命活动的正常进行 生物种群的繁衍 生物的种间关系
4．明确碳循环的来源和去路 (1)碳进入生物群落的途径：生产者的光__合__作__用__或化__能__合__成__作用。
呼吸作用 分解作用
二、研透教材
1．易误辨明
(1)食物链各营养级中10%～20%的能量会被分解者利用
C [生态系统稳定性是指生态系统所具有的保持或恢复自身结构和功 能相对稳定的能力，A错误；生态系统中的负反馈调节既存在于生物群落与 无机环境之间，也存在于生物群落内部，B错误；生态系统自我调节能力的 大小取决于其营养结构的复杂程度，营养结构越复杂，其自我调节能力越 强，C正确；森林生态系统的抵抗力稳定性高于草原生态系统，但其恢复力 稳定性低于草原生态系统，D错误。]
超实用高考英语专题复习：基础话题之生态与环保(句式+范文)——新高考英语应用文写作提分技能
新高考英语应用文写作提分技能(模板+素材+策略)基础话题之生态与环保距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的新高考英语读后续写技巧与训练，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附靠前30天复习方法。
【素材集锦】[常用词语]be threatened with extinction濒临灭绝global warming 全球(气候)变暖explode激增climate change气候变化pay debts缴付债款white pollution白色污染the protection of the environment环境保护oil erosion水土流失air pollution空气污染our earth, our habitat, our home我们的地environmental degradation环境恶化endangered animals濒危动物only one earth, care and share只有一个地---一起关心，共同分享a food chain食物链affect影响nature conservation自然保护environment friendly环保的save our sea拯救我们的海洋water: vital resources for life 水:生命的重要源泉develop renewable resource开发可再生资源conserve natural habitats保护天然栖息地the variety of life forms生命种类的多样性conserve energy节能bring. .. to extinction使.....灭绝contribute to有助于come to an end结束hold/keep sth. in check控制prey on/upon捕食have an impact on对.....有影响die out灭绝volunteer自愿做under threat受到威胁[常用句子]1. Many people worry that our energy will run out if we use it in an unchecked way.许多人担心，如果不控制能源的使用的话,我们的能源很快将被耗尽。
高中英语高考必修二 Unit 2 Wildlife Protection 课件
9．___le_g_a_l __ adj.法律的；合法的→ ___il_le_g_al__ adj.不合法的；非法的 → __il_le_g_a_lly__ adv.不合法地；非法地
8.ecofriendly adj. 对生态环境友好的 9.habitat n. 栖息地 10.seaweed n. 海草 11.dolphin n. 海豚 12.koala n. 考拉 13.coral n. 珊瑚 14.whale n. 鲸鱼 15.shark n. 鲨鱼
【话题短语】 1.spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做…… 2.endangered species 濒危物种 3.ecological balance 生态平衡 4.the survival of the fittest 适者生存 5.rare animals 稀有动物 6.take responsibility for 对……负责任 7.adopt effective measures 采取有效措施 8.go from bad to worse 每况愈下 9.environmental protection 环境保护 10.live in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处
→__c_on_c_e_rn_i_n_g_ prep.关于；涉及
6．___in_te_n_d__ vi.&vt.打算；计划；想要→__in_t_en_d_e_d_ adj.打算的；计划 的→__in_t_en_t_io_n_ n．意图；目的；打算
2025届高考英语二轮复习专题五 ：介词 课件 (共42张PPT).ppt
The boy in the room is my brother. 房间里的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
02 知识点讲解
一、介词的句法功能
3. 作表语
介词短语可位于系动词之后作表语。
A few apples remain on the tree. 树上还有几个苹果。 My glasses are on the desk. 我的眼镜在课桌上放着。
4. 作补足语
You will find him at work.
5. 作独立成分
In short, he is a kind person. 总之，他是一个善良的人。 As a matter of fact, I have never been to Beijing. 事实上，我从来没有去过北京。
02 知识点讲解
二、介词的分类 （一）表示时间的介词
4. before，by，till/ until （1）before表示“在……之前”，与after相对 I will be back before lunch. 午饭之前我赶回来。 （2）by指“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前”，by后接过去时间时，常与 过去完成时连用；by后接将来时间时，常与将来完成时连用 Can you repair my bike by Friday? 你能在星期五之前修好我的自行车吗？ September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill. 在9月30日之前，你必须支付账单。
你会发现他在工作。
When he woke up, he found himself in a strange place.
醒来后，他发现自己在一个陌生的地方。
高考英语二轮专题复习课件：说明文阅读(共25张PPT)
• （1）What does the author think of new devices?
•
A. They are environment-friendly.
•
B. They are no better than the old.
•
C. They cost more to use at home.
（4）What is the main idea of the text? • A. New languages will be created. • B. People's lifestyles are reflected in languages. • C. Human development results in few languages. • D. Geography determines language evolution.
• D. be produced in factories in future
高考英语二轮专题复习课件：说明文 阅读(共 25张PP T)
高考英语二轮专题复习课件：说明文 阅读(共 25张PP T) 高考英语二轮专题复习课件：说明文 阅读(共 25张PP T)
高考英语二轮专题复习课件：说明文 阅读(共 25张PP T)
• Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.（2018•卷Ⅰ）
高考英语二轮(江苏专用)第1部分 专题3 类型5 生态环保-
类型5| 生态环保(对应学生用书第70页)考查要点方法技巧1．生态环保的现状，造成的影响。
2．生态环境被破坏的因素，产生的后果。
3．保护生态环境的措施、步骤。
1．理清文章的行文结构，把握主旨大意。
2．抓住造成生态环境变迁的原因这一主线。
3．领会作者所透露出的观点态度。
(2017·江苏高考卷)Old Problem，New ApproachesWhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life，global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放)peak.So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today，we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.When it comes to adaptation，it is important to understand that climate change is a process.We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard，but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.This is why，in part at least，the US National Climate Assessment says that：“There is no ‘one-size_fits_all’adaptation．”Nevertheless，there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.Around the world，people are adapting in surprising ways，especially in some poor countries.Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries，schools，and health clinics，and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities.Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接)to replace flooded roads and highways.But he is also working at a far more fundamental level：his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to preventstarvation during the wet season.Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken.Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India，where he is known as the Ice Man.The loss of glaciers(冰川)there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.Without the glaciers，water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops.Norphel's inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter，when it was not needed.He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze，and was stored until the spring.His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉)water.Having created nine such ice reserves，Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200，000m3 of water.Climate change is a continuing process，so Norphel's ice reserves will not last forever.Warming will overtake them.But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will，perhaps，be able to find other means of adapting.Increasing Earth's reflectiveness can cool the planet.In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space)has changed the warming trend locally，and actually cooled the region.While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly，temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased.This example should act as an inspiration for all cities.By painting buildings white，cities may slow down the warming process.In Peru，local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.The outcome is still far from clear.But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”．More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere.A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria.Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping.But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops.Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce，or by growing the same things differently.This is common sense.But some suggestions for adapting are not.When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt，it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.After all，if we adapt in that way，we may avoid the need to change in so many others.1．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies________．A．adaptation is an everchanging processB．the cost of adaptation varies with timeC．global warming affects adaptation formsD．adaptation to climate change is challenging2．What is special with regard to Rezwan's project?A．The project receives government support.B．Different organizations work with each other.C．His organization makes the best of a bad situation.D．The project connects flooded roads and highways.3．What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?A．Storing ice for future use.B．Protecting the glaciers from melting.C．Changing the irrigation time.D．Postponing the melting of the glaciers.4．What do we learn from the Peru example?A．White paint is usually safe for buildings.B．The global warming trend cannot be stopped.C．This country is heating up too quickly.D．Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.5．According to the author，polluting industries should________．A．adapt to carbon pollutionB．plant highly profitable cropsC．leave carbon emission aloneD．fight against carbon pollution6．What's the author's preferred solution to global warming?A．Setting up a new standard.B．Reducing carbon emission.C．Adapting to climate change.D．Monitoring polluting industries.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。
高考二轮复习高考英语课标版阅读理解专练(科普环保类)
阅读理解专练(科普环保类)Passage 1(2016四川,D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素),which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.1.According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk .A.started sleep more easilyB.were more anxiousC.were less activeD.woke up later2.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?A.It’s been tested on mice for ten times.B.It can make people more energetic.C.It exists in milk in great amount.D.It’s used in sleeping drugs.3.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Night Milk and SleepB.Fat, Sugar and HealthC.An Experiment on Micek Drinking and Health4.How does the author support the theme of the text?A.By giving examples.B.By stating arguments.C.By explaining statistical data.D.By providing research results.Passage 2(2017课标全国Ⅲ,C)After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源)for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被),which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. TheYellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.1.What is the text mainly about?A.Wildlife research in the United States.B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.2.What does the underlined word“displaced”in paragraph 2 mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forced out.D.Tracked down.3.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?A.Damage to local ecology.B.A decline in the park’s income.C.Preservation of vegetation.D.An increase in the variety of animals.4.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.Passage 3(2017课标全国Ⅱ,D)When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening?Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to theattackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to“overhear”the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noises.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemicals.2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph 3?A.The attackers get attacked.B.The insects gather under the table.C.The plants get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The world is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than before.C.The world is more complex than it seems.D.People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.Passage 4(2016北京,C)California Condor’s Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North America’s largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced,66% of set-free birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.“Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”1.California condors attract researchers’ interest because they .A.are active at nightB.had to be bred in the wildC.are found only in CaliforniaD.almost died out in the 1980s2.Researchers have found electrical lines are .A.blocking condors’ journey homeB.big killers of California condorsC.rest places for condors at nighted to keep condors away3.According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning .A.makes condors too nervous to flyB.has little effect on condors’ kidneysC.can hardly be gotten rid of from condors’ bloodD.makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds4.This passage shows that .A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactoryB.Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineeringC.the efforts to protect condors have brought good resultsD.researchers have found the final answers to the problemPassage 5(2018天津,D)Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing?How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door?If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear;we are numb(麻木的)to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the RockyMountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first.Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷)many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a “ruby-crowned kinglet”and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.The pressures of “time”and“destination”are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. “Oh, a few birds,”they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.1.According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more .A.anxious to do wondersB.sensitive to others’ feelingsC.likely to develop unpleasant habitsD.eager to explore the world around them2.What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?A.To avoid jumping to conclusions.B.To stop complaining all the time.C.To follow the teacher’s advice.D.To admit mistakes honestly.3.The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they .A.are very patient in their observationB.are really fascinated by natureC.care only about the names of birdsD.question the accuracy of the field guides4.Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?A.The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them.B.They focus on arriving at the camp in time.C.The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.D.They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.5.In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should .A.fill our senses to feel the wonders of the worldB.get rid of some bad habits in our daily lifeC.open our mind to new things and ideasD.try our best to protect naturePassage 6(2017北京,C)Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called“herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allowparents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions?Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.1.The first two paragraphs suggest that .A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsrmation about measles spreads quickly2.Herd immunity works well when .A.exemptions are allowedB.several vaccines are used togetherC.the whole neighborhood is involved inD.new regulations are added to the state laws3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A.The overuse of vaccine.B.The lack of medical care.C.The features of measles itself.D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To introduce the idea of exemption.B.To discuss methods to cure measles.C.To stress the importance of vaccination.D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.答案全解全析Passage 1[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,题材为科普知识类。
【创新方案】高三英语二轮复习：阅读理解(5)《生态环保类》ppt课件
高考专题辅导与测试·英语
创新方案系列丛书
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass－roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.
高考专题辅导与测试·英语
创新方案系列丛书
25．According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ________. A．the social movement C．environmental problems come from? A．The grass－roots level. C．Government officials. B．The business circle. D．University professors. B．recycling techniques D．the importance of Earth Day
高Hale Waihona Puke 专题辅导与测试·英语创新方案系列丛书
According to US government reports, emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.