牛津译林版七年级英语上册Unit2+Let’s+play+sports!+课件
t
1. Music makes Sandy feel great.
T
Millie 2. Sandy also likes playing volleyball.
F
3. Millie Sandy likes listening to music.
F
4. Millie plays volleyball with friends.
Listen and match
Millie f Simon a b
a
football
table tennis
swimming
c
Kitty e
d
Amy c
basketball
Sandy d
e
tennis
f
volleyball
Daniel
b
A: What sport does …like? B: She/He likes…
Unit 2 Let’s play sports! Integrated skills
zxxk
Danyang No.8 Middle School Nie Hongyun
《健康歌》
swimming
volleyball
football
basketball
tennis
table tennis
running
Speak up: What do you often do after school?
Read Millie and Sandy’s conversation, then answer the questions.
What activities does Sandy like to do after school?
I am interested in
I’m a rep • • • • Which sport do you like? Who is your favourite sports star? Where do you play sports? When do you play sports? Who do you play sports with, your families or your friends? • Do you often play sports? • Do you play sports at weekends?
Language points: 1. else其他；另外——用于疑问词之后 ——还想要些什么吗？ else do you want? What 2. a lot of =lots of
There are a lot of flowers in the garden. of flowers in the garden. There are lots
活动
She often plays basketball. She sometimes listens to music and reads books.
Speak up: What do you often do after school?
Read Millie and Sandy’s conversation, then answer the questions.
Homework : 1. 背诵speak up. 2. 模仿speak up 编写一段对话。 3. 预习study skills.
Revision(1):
句型转换： 1. I have a lot of interesting books.(同义句) of interesting books . I have lots 2. His father works in a factory.（一般疑问句） Does his father work in a factory? 3. He is good at playing football. （同义句） he plays football well. 4. The film is very interesting.（画线部分提问） How is The film? 5. My father and I watch TV on Saturday evening. （画线部分提问） Who watches TV on Saturday evening?
3. It makes me feel great. make sb. feel +adj. 使某人感觉怎么样 它使我感觉冷It makes me feel cold . make sb. +adj. 使某人怎么样. It makes him happy.
make sb do sth 让某人做某事 I make her clean （clean） the room for me
Millie: Hi, Sandy. What do you often do after school? Sandy: I often play basketball. Millie: What else do you like to do? Sandy: Sometimes I listen to music. I love music. It makes me feel great. What about you , Millie? Millie: I often play volleyball with my friends, and I like reading, too. I read a lot of interesting books. Sandy: Me, too. Reading is fun.
• LOVE SPORTS, LOVE LIFE. 热爱运动，珍爱生命。
根据句意、首字母或中英文提示完成句子。
• 1.We have lots of fun (乐趣)at the weekend. • 2.What else (其他的)do you like to do ? • 3.Tommy is a member of the Swimming Club. He is a good swimmer (swim) • 4. I like listening (listen)to music ,but I’m not good at singing (sing) • 5.We spend much time playing volleyball .
baseball
cycling
sailing
badminton skating What sport do you like? I like…
skiing
London Olympic Games伦敦奥运会
Who do you like best? What sport does he/she like?
6. Daniel doesn’t like sports
7.
(运动)very much.
Reading (阅读)is a very interesting thing.
8. She likes reading newspapers very much.
Revision(2):
用正确形式填空：
has 1.He often ______(have) dinner at home. enjoy swimming 2. _____ _________(swim)? Does Kitty _____(enjoy) Do they ____(do) 4._____ homework every day? do
Yes.
3.Nick doesn’t _____ _____(not go ) to the zoo on Monday. go 5. They have (have) the same hobby.
playing 6. Dogs like ______(play) balls 。
1.你姐姐擅长跳舞吗？(be good at) Is your sister _____ good ______ at ________? dancing _____ 2.我经常每天打一个小时的篮球。 play __________ basketball _____ for _____ an _____ hour every day. I usually ______ 3.——Mary下班后是步行回家的吗？ —— 不，她骑自行回家。 Does Mary ______ go ______ home _____ on ______? foot ——______ ——No, she ______ goes _____ home _____ by ________? bike 4.我们应该在游泳池里游泳。 in ____ the ___________ swimming _____. pool We should ______ swim ____ 5.Simon喜欢在教室里读书。 reading ____ the classroom Simon likes________ ________ . in ____ 6.那些女孩们不喜欢画画。 like ______. drawing The girl______ ______ doesn’t
T
T
5. Millie reads a lot of interesting books
T or F
Make up a dialogue: What do you often do at weekends?
A: Hi,……What do you often do at weekends? B: I often…… A: What else do you like to do? B: Sometimes……，what about you? A: I often ……with…… B: Me too.……is fun/interesting.
1. Music makes Sandy feel great.
T
Millie 2. Sandy also likes playing volleyball.
F
3. Millie Sandy likes listening to music.
F
4. Millie plays volleyball with friends.
Listen and match
Millie f Simon a b
a
football
table tennis
swimming
c
Kitty e
d
Amy c
basketball
Sandy d
e
tennis
f
volleyball
Daniel
b
A: What sport does …like? B: She/He likes…
Unit 2 Let’s play sports! Integrated skills
zxxk
Danyang No.8 Middle School Nie Hongyun
《健康歌》
swimming
volleyball
football
basketball
tennis
table tennis
running
Speak up: What do you often do after school?
Read Millie and Sandy’s conversation, then answer the questions.
What activities does Sandy like to do after school?
I am interested in
I’m a rep • • • • Which sport do you like? Who is your favourite sports star? Where do you play sports? When do you play sports? Who do you play sports with, your families or your friends? • Do you often play sports? • Do you play sports at weekends?
Language points: 1. else其他；另外——用于疑问词之后 ——还想要些什么吗？ else do you want? What 2. a lot of =lots of
There are a lot of flowers in the garden. of flowers in the garden. There are lots
活动
She often plays basketball. She sometimes listens to music and reads books.
Speak up: What do you often do after school?
Read Millie and Sandy’s conversation, then answer the questions.
Homework : 1. 背诵speak up. 2. 模仿speak up 编写一段对话。 3. 预习study skills.
Revision(1):
句型转换： 1. I have a lot of interesting books.(同义句) of interesting books . I have lots 2. His father works in a factory.（一般疑问句） Does his father work in a factory? 3. He is good at playing football. （同义句） he plays football well. 4. The film is very interesting.（画线部分提问） How is The film? 5. My father and I watch TV on Saturday evening. （画线部分提问） Who watches TV on Saturday evening?
3. It makes me feel great. make sb. feel +adj. 使某人感觉怎么样 它使我感觉冷It makes me feel cold . make sb. +adj. 使某人怎么样. It makes him happy.
make sb do sth 让某人做某事 I make her clean （clean） the room for me
Millie: Hi, Sandy. What do you often do after school? Sandy: I often play basketball. Millie: What else do you like to do? Sandy: Sometimes I listen to music. I love music. It makes me feel great. What about you , Millie? Millie: I often play volleyball with my friends, and I like reading, too. I read a lot of interesting books. Sandy: Me, too. Reading is fun.
• LOVE SPORTS, LOVE LIFE. 热爱运动，珍爱生命。
根据句意、首字母或中英文提示完成句子。
• 1.We have lots of fun (乐趣)at the weekend. • 2.What else (其他的)do you like to do ? • 3.Tommy is a member of the Swimming Club. He is a good swimmer (swim) • 4. I like listening (listen)to music ,but I’m not good at singing (sing) • 5.We spend much time playing volleyball .
baseball
cycling
sailing
badminton skating What sport do you like? I like…
skiing
London Olympic Games伦敦奥运会
Who do you like best? What sport does he/she like?
6. Daniel doesn’t like sports
7.
(运动)very much.
Reading (阅读)is a very interesting thing.
8. She likes reading newspapers very much.
Revision(2):
用正确形式填空：
has 1.He often ______(have) dinner at home. enjoy swimming 2. _____ _________(swim)? Does Kitty _____(enjoy) Do they ____(do) 4._____ homework every day? do
Yes.
3.Nick doesn’t _____ _____(not go ) to the zoo on Monday. go 5. They have (have) the same hobby.
playing 6. Dogs like ______(play) balls 。
1.你姐姐擅长跳舞吗？(be good at) Is your sister _____ good ______ at ________? dancing _____ 2.我经常每天打一个小时的篮球。 play __________ basketball _____ for _____ an _____ hour every day. I usually ______ 3.——Mary下班后是步行回家的吗？ —— 不，她骑自行回家。 Does Mary ______ go ______ home _____ on ______? foot ——______ ——No, she ______ goes _____ home _____ by ________? bike 4.我们应该在游泳池里游泳。 in ____ the ___________ swimming _____. pool We should ______ swim ____ 5.Simon喜欢在教室里读书。 reading ____ the classroom Simon likes________ ________ . in ____ 6.那些女孩们不喜欢画画。 like ______. drawing The girl______ ______ doesn’t
T
T
5. Millie reads a lot of interesting books
T or F
Make up a dialogue: What do you often do at weekends?
A: Hi,……What do you often do at weekends? B: I often…… A: What else do you like to do? B: Sometimes……，what about you? A: I often ……with…… B: Me too.……is fun/interesting.
合集下载
Unit 2 Let's play sports!-Reading I牛津译林版英语七年级上册
Millie: Does he come from Beijing? Simon: No, he doesn’t. He _c_o_m_e_s_f_r_o_m_
Guangdong, but now l_i_v_es__in__ Beijing. Millie: Does he play football well? Simon: Yes, he does. Many people __li_k_e_ him.
Age
Club
Looks
Comes from
Lives in
1. Read aloud the article and find out the difficult parts.
2. Remember the new words in this lesson.
Name Age
Li Hua 22 years old
Club
Huanghe Football Club
Looks
Strong
Comes from
Guangdong
Lives in
Beijing
B2 Millie is asking Simon some questions about Li Hua. Help Simon answer her questions with the words on page 20.
Millie: Is Li Hua in any club? Simon: Yes. He’s a _n_e_w__m__e_m__b_e_r of
Huanghe Football Club. Millie: How old is he? Simon: He’s __2_2__ years old. Millie: How does he look? Simon: He looks _st_r_o_n_g_.
牛津译林版七年级英语上册 Unit 2 Let's play sports!课时2 ReadingⅠ授课课件【新版】
B. the member with
C. a member of
D. a member
【点拨】a member of. . . “……的一名成员”。
14. I like dancing. I often go to B .
A. the hospital
B. the Dancing Club
C. the bus
知识点 4 very well非常好 考向一 well作副词, 通常位于所修饰的行为动词之后作状语。
eg：He sings very well. 他歌唱得非常好。
考向二 well还可以作形容词, 相当于fine, 指身体健康, 状况 良好。通常位于be或look等系动词之后作表语。 eg：I hope your family are well. 我希望你的家人身体健康。
I love sports, and I like football very much. Li Hua is my
favourite football star.
Li Hua is 22 years old. He is a new member of Huanghe
Football Club. He comes from Guangdong, but now lives in
Unit 2 Let’s play sports!
课时2 Reading Ⅰ
Do you like soccer? Do you know him?
Read Simon's article about his favourite football player,
Li Hua.
My favourite football player
牛津译林版7A Unit2 Let’s play sports Welcome to the unit课件(共17张PPT)
What’s your favourite sport ? = What sport do you like best ? I often play football after school.(改一般疑问 句) Do you often play football after school? What about you? = How about you? every week / morning/ month/ year… 表示频率的词 用什么提问？ How often
We like playing _______.
I’m good at playing ______.
I love playing _______.
I enjoy ______.
词组
• • • • like doing sth love doing sth be good at doing sth enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 喜爱做某事 擅长做某事 喜爱做某事
Байду номын сангаас
Does Eddie like any sports?
Yes, He likes walking How does Eddie do his sport? He walks to his bowl many times a day.
like/love/enjoy + v-ing really 常用于答句中表示疑问、惊讶等 once/twice a day three times /four times a day many times a day three times a month walk to…= go to … on foot run to drive to
牛津译林版七年级上册Unit 2《Let’s play sports》(第5课时)教学设计
牛津译林版七年级上册Unit 2《Let’s play sports》（第5课时）教学设计一. 教材分析《Let’s play sports》是牛津译林版七年级上册Unit 2的一篇课文，主要介绍了各种体育活动。
本课内容贴近学生生活，易于引起学生的兴趣和共鸣。
通过本课的学习，学生可以进一步了解体育活动，提高英语语言能力，培养团队协作精神。
二. 学情分析七年级的学生对体育活动有浓厚的兴趣，生活中也经常参与各种体育活动。
但学生在英语学习中，对于运用英语描述体育活动的能力尚有所欠缺。
因此，在教学过程中，需要关注学生的兴趣，激发学生的学习积极性，引导学生运用英语进行交流。
三. 教学目标1.知识目标：学生能够掌握表示体育活动的词汇和短语，如playbasketball, play soccer, swim等。
2.能力目标：学生能够用英语简单描述自己喜欢的体育活动，并能够进行简单的交流。
3.情感目标：通过体育活动的介绍，培养学生对体育的热爱，提高学生的团队协作能力。
四. 教学重难点1.重点：学生能够掌握表示体育活动的词汇和短语。
2.难点：学生能够用英语描述自己喜欢的体育活动，并进行简单的交流。
五. 教学方法1.任务型教学法：通过设计各种任务，引导学生参与课堂活动，提高学生的语言实践能力。
2.情境教学法：创设各种体育活动的情境，激发学生的学习兴趣。
3.小组合作学习：培养学生团队合作精神，提高学生的交流能力。
六. 教学准备1.教学课件：制作课件，展示各种体育活动的图片和词汇。
2.教学道具：准备一些体育用品，如篮球、足球等，用于展示和操练。
3.学生分组：将学生分成若干小组，每组选一个组长。
七. 教学过程1.导入（5分钟）教师通过提问方式引导学生谈论自己喜欢的体育活动，激发学生的学习兴趣。
例如：“Do you like sports? What’s your favorite sport?”学生回答后，教师给予鼓励和反馈。
牛津译林7A Unit 2 Let's play sports! 教案教学设计
Unit 2 Let’s play sports!单元学情分析本单元的主题是运动。
本单元学习内容贴近学生的生活，易于激发学生的主动性和学习兴趣。
单元教学建议利用教学图片或多媒体课件来展开课堂Pair work, Group work的口语交际活动，学习各种运动的表达法，喜爱某种体育运动或运动员的表达，体会行为动词的一般现在时用法。
教学重难点1. 教学重点：能运用所学词汇和句型喜欢的运动和人物。
2. 教学难点：学会使用行为动词的一般现在时用法。
课时分配：Welcome to the unitReading IReading IIGrammarIntegrated skillsStudy skills & TaskWelcome to the unitTeaching Aims:1. Learn some new words about sports.2. Arouse the students’ interests in sports and prepare for the next lesson.Step 1 Lead-inEnjoy a video about sports and then ask: How many sports in this video?Step 2. PresentationShow some pictures to learn the new words:walking n. 散步，步行really adv. 的确，确实bowl n.碗，盆time n.次，回tennis n. 网球volleyball n. 排球go swimming 去游泳Step 3 Listen and answerListen to the conversation between Eddie and Hobo, then answer:1. What does Eddie like doing?He likes walking.2. Does he really like sports?No, he doesn’t.3. Fill in the blanks.Eddie says he l_________ sports because he likes w_________. He tells Hobo that he walks to his b___________ many times a day. In fact, he doesn’t r_________ like sports at all. He just likes e___________ food.Step 4 Read and actRead aloud the conversation in groups, then present the comic strip on the screen for the Ss to act out the conversation.Step 5 Talking about sports:1. Complete Part A.We like playing ____________.I’m good at playing ___________.I love playing _________.I enjoy ____________ .2. Listen and answer. Amy and Simon are talking about sports.1) What sport does Simon like?2) What about Amy?3. Talk about sports, using Part B as a model.A: I like ... What’s your favourite sport, …?B: I like ...A: Do you often …?B: Yes. / No. I often .... What about you?A: I … every week.Step 6 Play a gameOne of the students acts to play his / her favourite sport in the front. The others try to guess what kind of sport it is.Step 7 Language points1. Oh, really?句中的really常用于答话中，表示感兴趣或惊讶。
牛津译林版7A Unit2 Let’s play sports Reading课件(共16张PPT)
6. want/would like (sb) (not) to do e.g. My mum wants me to live a happy life. My dad would like me not to be a dancer. 7. ①hope to do e.g. I hope to be a writer. ② hope +that 从句 e.g. I hope that she will be a writer. I hope her to be a writer. ×
I. 根据汉语提示填入恰当的词。 1. Who is your favourite basketball player (运动员)? _________ 2. My sister likes reading very much. She is a _________ member (成员) of Reading Club. in your free 3. What do you like to do ____________ time _________? (在空余时间) 4. I like teaching very much. I really hope (希望) to be a teacher. ______
Help Millie complete the sentences about Li Hua.
• Li Hua is Simon’s _________ favourite football star. • Li Hua is a _________ member of Huanghe Football Club. very well • Li Hua plays football _________. • Li Hua ________ studies English in his free time.
牛津译林版七年级英语上册：Unit 2 Let's play sports ! 课件(共64张PPT)
Words & phrases review
player n. 运动员 member n. 成员
club n. 俱乐部 free adj. 空闲的 hope vt. 希望 dream n. 梦想，梦 true adj. 真的，真实的 come true 变为现实，成为事实
Translate.
步行去某地 walk to some place
David Robert Joseph Beckham 贝克汉姆 英格兰
Who is your favourite football player?
Lionel Andrés Messi 梅西
阿根廷
To uno learn some information about Li Hua
2. How old is he? He’s __2_2_ years old.
3. How does he look? He looks __s_tr_o_n_g__.
4. Does he come from Beijing? No, he doesn’t. He _c_o_m__e_s_f_r_o_m__ Guangdong, but now __l_iv_e_s__in____ Beijing.
Practise
热水让我感觉暖和。 The hot water makes me warm. 这个消息让我很沮丧。 This news makes me sad.
7. I hope his dream comes true.
句中的 come true 意思是“实现，成 为现实”，一般是指希望、愿望等。
Practise — 你有梦想吗？ — 当然，我的梦想已经实现了。 — Do you have a dream? — Of course, and my dream has come
player n. 运动员 member n. 成员
club n. 俱乐部 free adj. 空闲的 hope vt. 希望 dream n. 梦想，梦 true adj. 真的，真实的 come true 变为现实，成为事实
Translate.
步行去某地 walk to some place
David Robert Joseph Beckham 贝克汉姆 英格兰
Who is your favourite football player?
Lionel Andrés Messi 梅西
阿根廷
To uno learn some information about Li Hua
2. How old is he? He’s __2_2_ years old.
3. How does he look? He looks __s_tr_o_n_g__.
4. Does he come from Beijing? No, he doesn’t. He _c_o_m__e_s_f_r_o_m__ Guangdong, but now __l_iv_e_s__in____ Beijing.
Practise
热水让我感觉暖和。 The hot water makes me warm. 这个消息让我很沮丧。 This news makes me sad.
7. I hope his dream comes true.
句中的 come true 意思是“实现，成 为现实”，一般是指希望、愿望等。
Practise — 你有梦想吗？ — 当然，我的梦想已经实现了。 — Do you have a dream? — Of course, and my dream has come
Unit 2 Let’s play sports示范课教学设计(牛津译林版七年级上册教案)
活动层次
学习理解之感知与注意、获取与梳理、概括与整合
应用实践之内化与运用
效果评价
从学生完成活动的情况，了解学生对行为动词一般现在时的用法的掌握情况。
环节设计意图：通过引导学生在语境中学习语法点，培养学生归纳、总结的能力。
环节三：在语境中练习行为动词一般现在时的用法。(10 mins)
教师创设情境，引导学生完成练习，巩固行为动词一般现在时的用法。
教学活动
3.Studentslookat the pictures and fill in the blanks.
4.Studentsread the sentences and put them into the right columns.
5. Students read the sentences and tick the right ones.
五、教学活动设计
环节一：观看视频，激活已知，导入话题。(5 mins)
教师播放视频，学生观看视频并回答问题，并根据图片提示，说出体育运动的名称。。
教学活动
1. Students watch the video andanswer the question.
2. Students look at the pictures and say out whatsports they like.
教学活动
11. Studentscomplete the questions according to the table.
12. Studentswork in pairs to ask and answer questions.
13.Students read the conversation and complete it.
学习理解之感知与注意、获取与梳理、概括与整合
应用实践之内化与运用
效果评价
从学生完成活动的情况，了解学生对行为动词一般现在时的用法的掌握情况。
环节设计意图：通过引导学生在语境中学习语法点，培养学生归纳、总结的能力。
环节三：在语境中练习行为动词一般现在时的用法。(10 mins)
教师创设情境，引导学生完成练习，巩固行为动词一般现在时的用法。
教学活动
3.Studentslookat the pictures and fill in the blanks.
4.Studentsread the sentences and put them into the right columns.
5. Students read the sentences and tick the right ones.
五、教学活动设计
环节一：观看视频，激活已知，导入话题。(5 mins)
教师播放视频，学生观看视频并回答问题，并根据图片提示，说出体育运动的名称。。
教学活动
1. Students watch the video andanswer the question.
2. Students look at the pictures and say out whatsports they like.
教学活动
11. Studentscomplete the questions according to the table.
12. Studentswork in pairs to ask and answer questions.
13.Students read the conversation and complete it.
牛津译林版七年级英语上册Unit2课件
d. What does Li Hua do in his free time?
Para 2 Para 3 Para 4
While-reading3 Scanning 1
Read Para 1 - 2, and finish the chart (图表).
Name: Li Hua
Age: Club
A: Hello! My name is … B: Hello! I am… A: I like…What sport do you like/love/enjoy? B: I like … A: Who do you often play/go with? B: I often play/go …with … A: When do you often play/go…? B: I play/go it … A: … Where do you often play/go? B:I often… A: Great! /Good!
She / He likes…
Which sport is Lin Dan good at ?
He is good at _p_la_y_in_g_b_a_d_m_i_n_to_n_. ____
on the badminton court
Which sport is Li Na good at ?
She is good at _p_la_y_i_n_g_t_e_n_n_is__. on the tennis court
Which sport are they good at ?
They are good at _p_la_y_i_n_g_v_o_l_le_y_b_a_l_l _. on the volleyball court
Para 2 Para 3 Para 4
While-reading3 Scanning 1
Read Para 1 - 2, and finish the chart (图表).
Name: Li Hua
Age: Club
A: Hello! My name is … B: Hello! I am… A: I like…What sport do you like/love/enjoy? B: I like … A: Who do you often play/go with? B: I often play/go …with … A: When do you often play/go…? B: I play/go it … A: … Where do you often play/go? B:I often… A: Great! /Good!
She / He likes…
Which sport is Lin Dan good at ?
He is good at _p_la_y_in_g_b_a_d_m_i_n_to_n_. ____
on the badminton court
Which sport is Li Na good at ?
She is good at _p_la_y_i_n_g_t_e_n_n_is__. on the tennis court
Which sport are they good at ?
They are good at _p_la_y_i_n_g_v_o_l_le_y_b_a_l_l _. on the volleyball court
牛津译林版7A Unit2 Let’s play sports Grammar课件(共19张PPT)
◇行为动词一般现在时的肯定形式 1.I come from Yangzhou. 2. We have lunch at school. 3. You play football very well. 4. They often go shopping at weekends. 3. She sings very well in our class. 4. He does his homework in the evening. 【观察与思考】 主语 1.句中行为动词的形式由_____________ 决定。 2.当主语是第一、第二人称和第三人称复数时， come, have, play go 。 行为动词使用其______ 原 形，如______________________ 3.当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词使用其第三人称 _________ 。 sings, does 单数 形式, 如_______________
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y改成ies
fly
flies
study studies
4.以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加s say says play plays
5.不规则动词
have has
写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式 put—— puts write—— writes enjoy—— enjoys fly——
No, I don’t like dancing.
◇行为动词一般现在时的否定句 1.We do not go to school at weekends.=We don’t go to school at weekends. 2. He does not study in Class 4, Grade7.=He doesn’t study in Class 4, Grade 7. 【观察与思考】 don’t 或_________ doesn’t。当主语 1) 否定句是在行为动词前添加________ 是第三人称单数时，助动词用doesn’t。 2) do not =____________ does not =______________ don’t doesn’t 3)注意在否定句中，助动词之后的行为动词均用________ 原 形。 ◇行为动词一般现在时的一般疑问句及其回答 1.– Do you like sports? – Yes, I do. 2.--- Does Millie speak Chinese very well? ---No, she doesn’t. 【观察与思考】 1) 行为动词一般现在时的一般疑问句直接把助动词do或does放 主语之前 。 在___________ 原 2) 助动词之后的行为动词均用___________ 形。